138:
159:
3657:
4413:
2730:
409:
2716:
2211:
Presslee, S.; Slater, G. J.; Pujos, F.; Forasiepi, A. M.; Fischer, R.; Molloy, K.; Mackie, M.; Olsen, J. V.; Kramarz, A.; Taglioretti, M.; Scaglia, F.; Lezcano, M.; Lanata, J. L.; Southon, J.; Feranec, R.; Bloch, J.; Hajduk, A.; Martin, F. M.; Gismondi, R. S.; Reguero, M.; de Muizon, C.; Greenwood,
2349:
477:
claimed that "nearly every good specimen has been described as a different species". A broader perspective on the group, accounting for age, sex, individual and geographic differences, indicates that only three species are valid
2277:
Delsuc, F.; Kuch, M.; Gibb, G. C.; Karpinski, E.; Hackenberger, D.; Szpak, P.; Martínez, J. G.; Mead, J. I.; McDonald, H. G.; MacPhee, R.D.E.; Billet, G.; Hautier, L.; Poinar, H. N. (2019).
968:
A morphological tree of
Megalonychidae, based on the work of Stinnesbeck and colleagues (2021). (Note that this tree does not conform to genetic studies, as it includes the Caribbean sloths
2156:
Tedford, R.H.; Albright, L.B.; Barnosky, A.D.; Ferrusquaia-Villafranca, I.; Hunt, R.M.; Storer, J.E.; Swisher, C.C.; Voorhies, M.R.; Webb, S.D.; Whistler, D.P. (21 April 2004).
2651:
Tejada, Julia V; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Münch, Philippe; Billet, Guillaume; Hautier, Lionel; Delsuc, Frédéric; Condamine, Fabien L (2023-12-02). Wright, April (ed.).
2076:
Morgan, Gary S. (2002). "Late
Rancholabrean Mammals from Southernmost Florida, and the Neotropical Influence in Florida Pleistocene Faunas". In Emry, Robert J. (ed.).
4570:
4609:
329:). Some megalonychid lineages increased in size as time passed. The first species of these were small and may have been partly tree-dwelling, whereas the
2358:
2780:"The Megalonychidae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the late Miocene of Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, with remarks on their systematics and biogeography"
529:
set out, Jefferson instructed
Meriwether Lewis to keep an eye out for ground sloths. He was hoping they would find some living in the Western range.
4544:
2886:
2113:
Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Scillato-Yané, Gustavo J. (December 1995). "An Eocene tardigrade (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from
Seymour Island, West Antarctica".
4583:
2568:
443:. An adult was found in direct association with two juveniles of different ages, suggesting that adults cared for young of different generations.
2859:
2831:"Nuevos materiales de Ortotheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megalonychidae) procedentes del "Mesopotamiense" (Mioceno tardío) de Entre Ríos"
4681:
4696:
4686:
2175:
416:
2077:
2593:
Stinnesbeck, Sarah R.; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Frey, Eberhard; Avilés Olguín, Jerónimo; González, Arturo González (2021-10-03).
541:
The following sloth family phylogenetic tree is based on collagen and mitochondrial DNA sequence data (see Fig. 4 of
Presslee
4601:
2653:"Bayesian Total-Evidence Dating Revisits Sloth Phylogeny and Biogeography: A Cautionary Tale on Morphological Clock Analyses"
506:
56:
44:
4588:
392:
Megalonychidae, along with all other mainland ground sloths became extinct in North and South
America around the end of the
4691:
2343:; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Jull, A. J. T.; McDonald, H. G.; Woods, C. A.; Iturralde-Vinent, M.; Hodgins, G. W. L. (2005-08-16).
517:
paleontology in North
America. Jefferson's paper was published, with an accompanying description and illustrations of the
158:
2879:
2158:"Mammalian Biochronology of the Arikareean Through Hemiphilian Interval (Late Oligocene Through Early Pliocene Epochs)"
4676:
4596:
4492:
397:
137:
4614:
2735:
326:
2595:"Xibalbaonyx exinferis n. sp. (Megalonychidae), a new Pleistocene ground sloth from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico"
2745:
522:
2467:
2872:
318:
1966:
4432:
4017:
1983:
4336:
4003:
3377:
4635:
4497:
3867:
1824:
1555:
1015:
490:) in the late Pliocene and Pleistocene of North America. Although work by McDonald lists five species.
366:
343:
338:
4371:
4343:
2521:
2520:
Presslee, S.; Slater, G. J.; Pujos, F.; Forasiepi, A. M.; Fischer, R.; Molloy, K.; et al. (2019).
2217:
4653:
3902:
3430:
3267:
1856:
439:. Ongoing excavations at Tarkio Valley in southwest Iowa may reveal something of the familial life of
4518:
4479:
4350:
4273:
4253:
3555:
3349:
3274:
2793:
2606:
2536:
2362:
2290:
2232:
2122:
2022:
786:
313:
in
Antarctica (which was then still connected to South America). They first reached North America by
3996:
3782:
3751:
3590:
3288:
1958:
1736:
4470:
4308:
4287:
4054:
3947:
3759:
2340:
1898:
803:
428:
4315:
3881:
3656:
3528:
2015:"Nomenclatural history of Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae)"
1840:
427:, which means "giant claw", is a widespread North American genus that lived past the close of the
4106:
4078:
3888:
3853:
3797:
3735:
3569:
3480:
3384:
2630:
2560:
2256:
2138:
2087:
1950:
1808:
1753:
1115:
1040:
738:
461:
and the southern U.S. about 9 million years ago, and is believed to have been the predecessor of
153:
3466:
3437:
4640:
4412:
4385:
4183:
3909:
3812:
3473:
1864:
1770:
4622:
4505:
3895:
3846:
3139:
2692:
2674:
2622:
2552:
2390:
2318:
2248:
2181:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2058:
2040:
1848:
1800:
762:
362:
333:(about 5 to 2 million years ago) species were already approximately half the size of the huge
322:
314:
4627:
4575:
4329:
4232:
4176:
3705:
3356:
3208:
2809:
2801:
2760:
2682:
2664:
2614:
2544:
2442:
2433:
2380:
2370:
2308:
2298:
2240:
2130:
2048:
2030:
609:
498:
473:
393:
382:
334:
262:
2426:"The Ground Sloth Megalonyx from Pleistocene Deposits of the Old Crow Basin, Yukon, Canada"
4357:
4097:
4065:
3819:
3521:
3091:
3024:
2099:
1778:
868:
526:
2425:
2797:
2746:"A new genus of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Miocene of Argentina"
2687:
2652:
2610:
2540:
2366:
2294:
2236:
2163:
Late
Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology
2126:
2053:
2026:
4484:
4364:
4301:
4280:
4162:
3989:
3982:
3920:
3805:
3687:
3674:
3624:
3500:
3415:
3391:
3335:
3328:
3281:
3246:
3194:
3033:
3013:
3003:
2721:
2385:
2344:
2336:
2213:
1942:
1762:
1579:
1090:
879:
452:
386:
354:
310:
220:
4670:
4264:
4198:
4169:
4141:
4120:
4113:
3837:
3562:
3535:
3253:
3217:
3176:
2830:
2779:
2634:
2564:
2278:
2260:
2142:
989:
896:
650:
447:
374:
95:
48:
40:
4294:
4246:
4239:
4211:
4148:
4085:
3725:
3491:
3444:
3422:
3402:
3314:
3231:
3109:
2994:
2983:
981:
724:
634:
568:
510:
494:
350:
238:
2805:
2618:
4510:
2161:
4557:
4464:
4378:
4322:
4223:
4127:
4010:
3975:
3940:
3874:
3826:
3597:
3583:
3546:
3507:
3458:
3451:
3363:
3342:
3238:
3053:
3043:
2973:
2594:
2279:"Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Evolutionary History and Biogeography of Sloths"
2082:. Vol. 93. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 15–38.
2035:
1974:
1933:
1889:
1832:
1786:
1627:
1428:
1385:
1360:
908:
378:
70:
36:
4455:
2350:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
431:, when so many large mammals died out. Remains have been found as far north as
4134:
4044:
3961:
3933:
3860:
3743:
3260:
3132:
3118:
2711:
2548:
2303:
2244:
2134:
2014:
1915:
1880:
1816:
1668:
1651:
1326:
1308:
1231:
1154:
514:
408:
370:
247:
115:
80:
2678:
2669:
2626:
2345:"Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands"
2185:
2044:
357:
were part of this family. However, molecular results based on sequences from
4531:
4155:
3954:
3370:
3125:
2926:
2375:
1906:
1603:
1249:
1065:
711:
467:
423:
369:
branch of the sloth radiation, while the latter are more closely related to
302:
298:
293:
256:
170:
120:
64:
28:
2696:
2556:
2394:
2322:
2252:
2062:
2764:
2079:
Cenozoic Mammals of Land and Sea: Tributes to the Career of Clayton E. Ray
4449:
3968:
3789:
3715:
3514:
3295:
3160:
3060:
2957:
2914:
2860:
Smithsonian National Zoological Park: At the Zoo - Slow and Steady Sloths
1924:
1744:
1410:
1172:
552:
358:
330:
190:
110:
105:
90:
85:
75:
52:
32:
2313:
3576:
3224:
3153:
3146:
2814:
2784:
2446:
2441:(3). Calgary, Alberta: The Arctic Institute of North America: 213–220.
1206:
458:
125:
100:
4562:
2941:
2920:
2908:
2895:
2471:
432:
306:
288:
210:
200:
180:
4549:
4426:
4536:
2424:
McDonald, H. G.; Harington, C. R.; De Iuliis, G. (September 2000).
349:
It was formerly believed, based on morphological comparisons, that
4648:
3080:
2715:
436:
407:
2864:
471:
have been named; in fact, a 2000 article by Harington et al. in
325:
about 2.7 million years ago (which led to the main pulse of the
4430:
3672:
2939:
2868:
4523:
2166:. Columbia University Press. pp. 169–231, see also p.
301:, about 35 million years (Ma) ago, in southern Argentina (
493:
Jefferson's ground sloth has a special place in modern
321:, about 9 million years ago, prior to formation of the
305:). There is, however, one possible find dating to the
4041:
3770:
3731:
3721:
3711:
3311:
3205:
3106:
3049:
3039:
3009:
2979:
2969:
2206:
2204:
904:
893:
875:
865:
707:
697:
631:
606:
565:
4439:
4263:
4222:
4197:
4096:
4064:
4039:
3919:
3836:
3769:
3685:
3623:
3545:
3490:
3401:
3309:
3204:
3174:
3105:
3078:
3023:
2993:
2956:
2492:Semken; Brenzel (2007). "One Sloth Becomes Three".
2468:"The Tarkio Valley Sloth Project · Project Summary"
1533:Total evidence phylogeny after Tejada et al. 2023.
2272:
2270:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
1978:(Late Pleistocene, Mexico, potentially Venezuela)
1928:(Middle-Late Pleistocene Central America, Mexico)
400:following the arrival of humans to the Americas.
396:, approximately 12,000 years ago, as part of the
2522:"Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships"
2218:"Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships"
980:which have been placed in the separate family
2880:
8:
2494:Newsletter of the Iowa Archeological Society
513:, on 10 March 1797, marked the beginning of
297:. Megalonychids first appeared in the early
4427:
4203:
4070:
4061:
3925:
3833:
3697:
3693:
3682:
3669:
3620:
3407:
3320:
3186:
3182:
3102:
3098:
2962:
2953:
2949:
2936:
2887:
2873:
2865:
1910:(Pliocene-Late Pleistocene, North America)
533:was named after Thomas Jefferson in 1822.
415:skeleton cast produced and distributed by
136:
20:
2813:
2686:
2668:
2384:
2374:
2312:
2302:
2052:
2034:
2216:; Collins, M.; MacPhee, R.D.E. (2019).
1998:
365:have shown that the former represent a
2574:from the original on 12 September 2020
2095:
2085:
2835:Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral
2646:
2644:
7:
4654:802B8794-FFC9-FFE9-FF15-F983FD98566C
2510:Kurtén & Anderson, 1980, p. 136.
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2753:Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia
1643:
1619:
1595:
1571:
1547:
1539:
1401:
1376:
1351:
1299:
1292:
1222:
1197:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1106:
1081:
1056:
1031:
1006:
995:
860:
778:
754:
730:
692:
685:
624:
599:
591:
584:
558:
548:
417:Triebold Paleontology Incorporated
14:
988:), which are placed in the clade
4411:
3655:
2728:
2714:
2013:Babcock, Loren E. (2024-03-18).
385:, make up the sloth superfamily
157:
984:, well as the two toed sloths (
373:sloths. The megalonychids plus
2529:Nature Ecology & Evolution
2225:Nature Ecology & Evolution
507:American Philosophical Society
1:
2806:10.1016/j.geobios.2010.06.005
2619:10.1080/08912963.2020.1754817
1919:(Late Pleistocene, Venezuela)
381:sloths, together with living
2359:National Academy of Sciences
2160:. In Woodburne, M.O. (ed.).
4682:Prehistoric mammal families
2036:10.3897/zookeys.1195.117999
429:last (Wisconsin) glaciation
398:Quaternary extinction event
4713:
4697:Taxa named by Paul Gervais
4687:Rupelian first appearances
2736:Prehistoric mammals portal
1937:(Late Pleistocene, Mexico)
1893:(Late Pleistocene, Brazil)
1884:(Late Pleistocene, Brazil)
327:Great American Interchange
4409:
4206:
4073:
3928:
3700:
3696:
3681:
3668:
3653:
3619:
3410:
3323:
3189:
3185:
3101:
2965:
2952:
2948:
2935:
2903:
2549:10.1038/s41559-019-0909-z
2304:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.043
2245:10.1038/s41559-019-0909-z
2135:10.1017/S0954102095000563
1665:
1648:
1641:
1624:
1617:
1600:
1593:
1576:
1569:
1552:
1545:
1424:
1406:
1399:
1381:
1374:
1356:
1349:
1322:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1245:
1227:
1220:
1202:
1195:
1168:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1111:
1104:
1086:
1079:
1061:
1054:
1036:
1029:
1011:
1004:
902:
880:Nothrotheriops shastensis
873:
858:
800:
783:
776:
759:
752:
735:
728:
705:
690:
683:
647:
629:
622:
604:
597:
589:
582:
563:
556:
275:
270:
253:
246:
154:Scientific classification
152:
148:skeleton and restoration
144:
135:
23:
2829:Brandoni, Diego (2008).
2778:Brandoni, Diego (2011).
2744:Brandoni, Diego (2014).
287:is an extinct family of
16:Extinct family of sloths
2376:10.1073/pnas.0502777102
351:Greater Antilles sloths
319:Central American Seaway
2670:10.1093/sysbio/syad069
909:Megatherium americanum
419:
309:, about 40 Ma ago, on
291:including the extinct
4636:Paleobiology Database
2765:10.4072/rbp.2014.1.04
531:Megalonyx jeffersonii
465:. Several species of
413:Megalonyx jeffersonii
411:
339:Megalonyx jeffersonii
4692:Holocene extinctions
2465:Semken and Brenzel,
2289:(12): 2031–2042.e6.
787:Bradypus tridactylus
712:Megalonyx jeffersoni
353:and extant arboreal
4337:Perezfontanatherium
3378:Paroctodontotherium
2798:2011Geobi..44...33B
2611:2021HBio...33.1952S
2541:2019NatEE...3.1121P
2367:2005PNAS..10211763S
2295:2019CBio...29E2031D
2237:2019NatEE...3.1121P
2127:1995AntSc...7..407V
2027:2024ZooK.1195..297B
974:Parocnus Megalocnus
841:(three-toed sloths)
804:Bradypus variegatus
571:(Caribbean sloths)
446:The earliest known
146:Megalonyx wheatleyi
4677:Prehistoric sloths
3868:Megalonychotherium
3385:Pseudoprepotherium
2657:Systematic Biology
2599:Historical Biology
2447:10.14430/arctic852
2212:A.; Chait, B. T.;
1825:Megalonychotherium
1556:Megalonychotherium
1016:Megalonychotherium
739:Bradypus torquatus
653:(two-toed sloths)
649:
505:, read before the
420:
4664:
4663:
4623:Open Tree of Life
4433:Taxon identifiers
4424:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4372:Pyramiodontherium
4344:Plesiomegatherium
4193:
4192:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4026:
3896:Proschismotherium
3664:
3663:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3305:
3304:
3170:
3169:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
2605:(10): 1952–1963.
2414:Harrington (1993)
2198:J.L. White (1993)
2115:Antarctic Science
2021:(1195): 297–308.
1849:Proschismotherium
1725:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1338:
1337:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1184:
1183:
965:
964:
956:
955:
947:
946:
938:
937:
929:
928:
920:
919:
847:
846:
833:
832:
824:
823:
815:
814:
763:Bradypus pygmaeus
671:
670:
662:
661:
383:three-toed sloths
363:mitochondrial DNA
323:Isthmus of Panama
282:
281:
242:
4704:
4657:
4656:
4644:
4643:
4631:
4630:
4618:
4617:
4605:
4604:
4592:
4591:
4579:
4578:
4566:
4565:
4553:
4552:
4540:
4539:
4527:
4526:
4514:
4513:
4501:
4500:
4488:
4487:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4428:
4415:
4204:
4177:Pronothrotherium
4071:
4062:
4043:
3926:
3903:Pseudortotherium
3834:
3772:
3733:
3723:
3713:
3698:
3694:
3683:
3670:
3659:
3621:
3431:Glossotheriopsis
3408:
3357:Octodontotherium
3321:
3313:
3268:Scelidotheridium
3209:Scelidotheriidae
3207:
3187:
3183:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3051:
3041:
3011:
2981:
2971:
2963:
2954:
2950:
2937:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2866:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2750:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2672:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2535:(7): 1121–1130.
2526:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2470:. Archived from
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2430:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2399:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2231:(7): 1121–1130.
2222:
2208:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2083:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2038:
2010:
1857:Pseudortotherium
1644:
1620:
1596:
1572:
1548:
1540:
1402:
1377:
1352:
1300:
1293:
1223:
1198:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1107:
1082:
1057:
1032:
1007:
996:
906:
895:
877:
867:
861:
842:
779:
755:
731:
709:
699:
693:
686:
633:
625:
610:Scelidotheriidae
608:
600:
592:
585:
567:
559:
549:
525:, in 1799. When
499:Thomas Jefferson
394:Late Pleistocene
335:Late Pleistocene
237:
232:
162:
161:
140:
130:
67:
27:Temporal range:
21:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4652:
4647:
4639:
4634:
4626:
4621:
4613:
4608:
4600:
4595:
4587:
4582:
4574:
4569:
4561:
4556:
4548:
4543:
4535:
4530:
4522:
4517:
4509:
4504:
4496:
4491:
4483:
4478:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4435:
4425:
4416:
4391:
4358:Proeremotherium
4351:Pliomegatherium
4274:Anisodontherium
4259:
4254:Proprepotherium
4218:
4189:
4098:Nothrotheriinae
4092:
4066:Nothrotheriidae
4060:
4047:
4023:
3915:
3832:
3820:Proplatyarthrus
3765:
3690:
3677:
3660:
3639:
3603:
3556:Glossotheridium
3541:
3522:Magdalenabradys
3486:
3397:
3350:Octodontobradys
3317:
3301:
3275:Scelidotheriops
3200:
3179:
3166:
3097:
3092:Pseudoglyptodon
3083:
3066:
3025:Myrmecophagidae
3019:
2989:
2944:
2931:
2899:
2893:
2856:
2844:
2842:
2828:
2820:
2818:
2777:
2769:
2767:
2748:
2743:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2710:
2708:Further reading
2705:
2704:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2451:
2449:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2402:
2361:: 11763–11768.
2337:Steadman, D. W.
2335:
2334:
2330:
2283:Current Biology
2276:
2275:
2268:
2220:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2178:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2094:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2012:
2011:
2000:
1995:
1779:Proplatyarthrus
1731:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1543:Megalonychidae
1536:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1339:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1185:
966:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:
900:
871:
869:Nothrotheriidae
848:
843:
840:
834:
825:
816:
703:
681:Megatherioidea
672:
663:
539:
527:Lewis and Clark
501:'s "memoir" on
406:
355:two-toed sloths
266:
260:
236:
230:
156:
131:
129:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
62:
61:
60:
29:Early Oligocene
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4710:
4708:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4669:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4645:
4632:
4619:
4606:
4593:
4580:
4567:
4554:
4541:
4528:
4515:
4502:
4489:
4485:Megalonychidae
4476:
4471:Megalonychidae
4461:
4445:
4443:
4441:Megalonychidae
4437:
4436:
4431:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4365:Promegatherium
4361:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4302:Megathericulus
4298:
4291:
4284:
4281:Diabolotherium
4277:
4269:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4228:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4163:Nothrotheriops
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4102:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4068:
4059:
4058:
4050:
4048:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3997:Protomegalonyx
3993:
3990:Pliometanastes
3986:
3983:Pattersonocnus
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3929:
3923:
3921:Megalonychinae
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3842:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3806:Mesopotamocnus
3802:
3794:
3786:
3783:Deseadognathus
3778:
3776:
3774:Megalonychidae
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3752:Schismotherium
3747:
3739:
3729:
3719:
3709:
3701:
3691:
3688:Megatherioidea
3686:
3679:
3678:
3675:Megatherioidea
3673:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3625:Megatherioidea
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3594:
3591:Pleurolestodon
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3501:Bolivartherium
3496:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3419:
3416:Archaeomylodon
3411:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3392:Urumacotherium
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3336:Eionaletherium
3332:
3329:Baraguatherium
3324:
3318:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3289:Sibyllotherium
3285:
3282:Scelidotherium
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3247:Neonematherium
3243:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3211:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3190:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3114:
3112:
3096:
3095:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3047:
3037:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3014:Palaeomyrmidon
3007:
2999:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2966:
2960:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2854:External links
2852:
2851:
2850:
2826:
2775:
2740:
2739:
2725:
2722:Mammals portal
2709:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2663:(1): 125–139.
2640:
2585:
2512:
2503:
2484:
2458:
2416:
2400:
2328:
2266:
2200:
2191:
2177:978-0231503785
2176:
2148:
2121:(4): 407–408.
2105:
2096:|journal=
2068:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1970:
1962:
1959:Protomegalonyx
1954:
1946:
1943:Pliometanastes
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1894:
1885:
1874:Megalonychinae
1870:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1763:Mesopotamocnus
1758:
1749:
1740:
1737:Deseadognathus
1730:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
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1623:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:Pliometanastes
1575:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1528:
1527:
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1510:
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1506:
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1501:
1500:
1497:
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1201:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
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1177:
1167:
1164:
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1160:
1159:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:Pliometanastes
1085:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1010:
1005:
1003:
1000:Megalonychidae
994:
963:
962:
959:
958:
954:
953:
950:
949:
945:
944:
941:
940:
936:
935:
932:
931:
927:
926:
923:
922:
918:
917:
914:
913:
901:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
872:
864:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
845:
844:
839:
836:
835:
831:
830:
827:
826:
822:
821:
818:
817:
813:
812:
809:
808:
799:
796:
795:
792:
791:
782:
777:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
758:
753:
751:
748:
747:
744:
743:
734:
729:
727:
721:
720:
717:
716:
704:
701:Megalonychidae
696:
691:
689:
684:
682:
678:
677:
674:
673:
669:
668:
665:
664:
660:
659:
656:
655:
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:
628:
623:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
603:
598:
596:
595:Mylodontoidea
590:
588:
583:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
562:
557:
555:
547:
538:
535:
488:M. jeffersonii
480:M. leptostomus
453:Pliometanastes
450:megalonychid,
448:North American
405:
402:
387:Megatherioidea
315:island-hopping
311:Seymour Island
285:Megalonychidae
280:
279:
273:
272:
268:
267:
261:
251:
250:
244:
243:
234:Megalonychidae
228:
224:
223:
221:Megatherioidea
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
150:
149:
142:
141:
133:
132:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
68:
63:35–0.009
33:Early Holocene
26:
24:Megalonychidae
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4709:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4655:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4414:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4309:Megatheridium
4306:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4288:Eomegatherium
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4265:Megatheriinae
4262:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4199:Megatheriidae
4196:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4170:Nothrotherium
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4142:Mcdonaldocnus
4139:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4121:Chasicobradys
4118:
4116:
4115:
4114:Aymaratherium
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4055:Analcimorphus
4052:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4038:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3948:Megalonychops
3945:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3838:Ortotheriinae
3835:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3760:Similhapalops
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3680:
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3563:Glossotherium
3560:
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3254:Proscelidodon
3251:
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3203:
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3177:Mylodontoidea
3173:
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1927:
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1899:Megalonychops
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990:Mylodontoidea
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943:
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897:Megatheriidae
891:
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651:Choloepodidae
645:
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523:Casper Wistar
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375:nothrotheriid
372:
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217:Superfamily:
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66:
58:
54:
50:
49:Tinguirirican
46:
42:
41:Rancholabrean
38:
34:
30:
22:
19:
4440:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4316:Megatheriops
4314:
4307:
4300:
4295:Eremotherium
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4252:
4247:Prepoplanops
4245:
4240:Prepotherium
4238:
4231:
4212:Thalassocnus
4210:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4149:Mionothropus
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4086:Thalassocnus
4084:
4077:
4053:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3882:Paranabradys
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3781:
3773:
3758:
3750:
3742:
3734:
3726:Hiskatherium
3724:
3714:
3704:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3534:
3529:Sphenotherus
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:Lestodontini
3479:
3472:
3465:
3457:
3450:
3445:Mylodonopsis
3443:
3436:
3429:
3423:Brievabradys
3421:
3414:
3403:Mylodontinae
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3315:Mylodontidae
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3232:Chubutherium
3230:
3223:
3216:
3193:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:Megalocnidae
3090:
3059:
3052:
3042:
3034:Myrmecophaga
3032:
3012:
3002:
2995:Cyclopedidae
2984:Orthoarthrus
2982:
2972:
2925:Superorder:
2843:. Retrieved
2838:
2834:
2819:. Retrieved
2792:(1): 33–44.
2789:
2783:
2768:. Retrieved
2756:
2752:
2660:
2656:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2578:18 September
2576:. Retrieved
2532:
2528:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2476:. Retrieved
2472:the original
2461:
2450:. Retrieved
2438:
2432:
2419:
2354:
2348:
2331:
2314:11336/136908
2286:
2282:
2228:
2224:
2194:
2162:
2151:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2078:
2071:
2018:
1982:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1873:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1841:Paranabradys
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1735:
1667:
1666:
1650:
1649:
1626:
1625:
1602:
1601:
1578:
1577:
1554:
1553:
1535:
1532:
1427:
1425:
1409:
1407:
1384:
1382:
1359:
1357:
1325:
1323:
1307:
1305:
1248:
1246:
1230:
1228:
1205:
1203:
1171:
1169:
1153:
1151:
1114:
1112:
1089:
1087:
1064:
1062:
1039:
1037:
1014:
1012:
999:
985:
982:Megalocnidae
977:
973:
969:
967:
907:
903:
878:
874:
802:
801:
785:
784:
761:
760:
737:
736:
725:Bradypodidae
710:
706:
700:
648:
635:Mylodontidae
630:
605:
569:Megalocnidae
564:
542:
540:
530:
518:
511:Philadelphia
502:
495:paleontology
492:
487:
484:M. wheatleyi
483:
479:
472:
466:
462:
451:
445:
440:
422:
421:
412:
391:
348:
344:last ice age
337:
292:
284:
283:
276:
254:
233:
145:
18:
4558:iNaturalist
4465:Wikispecies
4379:Sibotherium
4323:Megatherium
4224:Planopsinae
4128:Huilabradys
4107:Amphibradys
4079:Neohapalops
4018:Zacatzontli
4011:Xibalbaonyx
3976:Nohochichak
3941:Australonyx
3889:Pliomorphus
3875:Ortotherium
3854:Eucholoeops
3827:Urumacocnus
3798:Hyperleptus
3736:Hyperleptus
3598:Simomylodon
3584:Paramylodon
3570:Kiyumylodon
3547:Mylodontini
3508:Lestobradys
3481:Strabosodon
3459:Oreomylodon
3452:Ocnotherium
3364:Octomylodon
3343:Nematherium
3239:Nematherium
3054:Protamandua
3044:Neotamandua
2974:Argyromanis
2958:Vermilingua
2815:11336/79978
2214:Penkman, K.
1984:Zacatzontli
1975:Xibalbaonyx
1951:Pliomorphus
1934:Nohochichak
1890:Australonyx
1833:Ortotherium
1809:Eucholoeops
1787:Urumacocnus
1754:Hyperleptus
1628:Australonyx
1429:Zacatzontli
1386:Nohochichak
1361:Xibalbaonyx
1116:Pliomorphus
1041:Eucholoeops
521:fossils by
457:, lived in
379:megatheriid
317:across the
37:Hemphillian
4671:Categories
4135:Lakukullus
4045:Megatheria
4004:Sinclairia
3962:Megistonyx
3934:Ahytherium
3861:Hapaloides
3744:Pelecyodon
3634:see below↓
3467:Promylodon
3438:Megabradys
3261:Scelidodon
3133:Megalocnus
3119:Acratocnus
2845:2018-10-08
2821:2018-10-08
2770:2018-10-08
2478:2009-09-25
2452:2008-08-16
1993:References
1967:Sinclairia
1916:Megistonyx
1881:Ahytherium
1817:Hapaloides
1669:Megistonyx
1652:Ahytherium
1327:Megistonyx
1309:Ahytherium
1232:Acratocnus
1155:Megalocnus
978:Arcatocnus
545:., 2019).
515:vertebrate
371:mylodontid
271:Subgroups
248:Type genus
4386:Urumaquia
4184:Xyophorus
4156:Nothropus
3955:Megalonyx
3910:Torcellia
3813:Paulocnus
3474:Ranculcus
3371:Orophodon
3195:Choloepus
3126:Imagocnus
2927:Xenarthra
2907:Kingdom:
2759:: 33–42.
2679:1063-5157
2635:219425309
2627:0891-2963
2565:174813630
2261:174813630
2186:880404891
2143:129075656
2098:ignored (
2088:cite book
2045:1313-2970
1907:Megalonyx
1865:Torcellia
1771:Paulocnus
1604:Megalonyx
1250:Choloepus
1066:Megalonyx
986:Choloepus
519:Megalonyx
503:Megalonyx
468:Megalonyx
463:Megalonyx
455:protistus
441:Megalonyx
424:Megalonyx
404:Evolution
342:from the
303:Patagonia
299:Oligocene
294:Megalonyx
277:See text
263:Jefferson
257:Megalonyx
177:Kingdom:
171:Eukaryota
4602:11800016
4456:Q3259942
4450:Wikidata
3969:Meizonyx
3847:Diodomus
3790:Hapalops
3716:Hapalops
3706:Bradypus
3515:Lestodon
3296:Valgipes
3161:Parocnus
3140:Mesocnus
3081:Folivora
3061:Tamandua
3004:Cyclopes
2921:Mammalia
2915:Chordata
2913:Phylum:
2909:Animalia
2697:38041854
2688:11129595
2569:Archived
2557:31171860
2395:16085711
2323:31178321
2253:31171860
2063:38532771
2054:10964019
1925:Meizonyx
1801:Diodomus
1745:Hapalops
1411:Meizonyx
1173:Parocnus
553:Folivora
537:Taxonomy
435:and the
359:collagen
331:Pliocene
227:Family:
201:Mammalia
191:Chordata
187:Phylum:
181:Animalia
167:Domain:
53:Lujanian
47:) &
4628:1025073
4330:Ocnopus
4233:Planops
3577:Mylodon
3225:Catonyx
3154:Neocnus
3147:Miocnus
2919:Class:
2896:Pilosan
2841:: 11–20
2794:Bibcode
2785:Geobios
2607:Bibcode
2537:Bibcode
2386:1187974
2363:Bibcode
2291:Bibcode
2233:Bibcode
2123:Bibcode
2023:Bibcode
2019:ZooKeys
1207:Neocnus
1002:
970:Neocnus
459:Florida
239:Gervais
207:Order:
197:Class:
4615:227508
4589:624871
4576:104456
4537:1MGLNF
2942:Pilosa
2898:genera
2695:
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497:, for
486:, and
474:Arctic
433:Alaska
307:Eocene
289:sloths
265:, 1799
241:, 1855
211:Pilosa
4649:Plazi
4641:43596
4571:IRMNG
4563:47098
4498:26074
2749:(PDF)
2631:S2CID
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2561:S2CID
2525:(PDF)
2429:(PDF)
2257:S2CID
2221:(PDF)
2139:S2CID
543:et al
437:Yukon
367:basal
57:SALMA
45:NALMA
4610:NCBI
4584:ITIS
4550:6160
4545:GBIF
4532:EPPO
4524:1662
4493:BOLD
2693:PMID
2675:ISSN
2623:ISSN
2580:2020
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2761:doi
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