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medium is the message". The electric light is pure information and it is a medium without a message, unless it is used to spell out some verbal ad or a name. The characteristic of all media means the "content" of any medium is always another medium. For example, the content of writing is speech, the written word is the content of print, and print is the content of the telegraph. The change that the medium or technology introduces into human affairs is the "message". If the electric light is used for a Friday night football game or to light up a desk, it could be argued that the content of the electric light is these activities. The fact that it is the medium that shapes and controls the form of human association and action makes it the message. The electric light is overlooked as a communication medium because it does not have any content. It is not until the electric light is used to spell a brand name that it is recognized as medium. Similar to radio and other mass media, electric light eliminates time and space factors in human association, creating deeper involvement. McLuhan compared the "content" to a juicy piece of meat being carried by a burglar to distract the "watchdog of the mind". The effect of the medium is made strong because it is given another media "content". The content of a movie is a book, play, or maybe even an opera.
268:, University of Toronto professor Harold Innis highlighted media technologies as a powerful contributor to the rise and collapse of empires. Innisâ theory of media bias utilizes historical evidence to argue that a medium will be biased towards either time or space. He claims that this inherent bias will reveal a mediumâs significance to the development of its civilization. Innis identifies media biased towards time as a medium durable in character like clay, stone, or parchment. Time biased media are heavy and difficult to relocate, which keeps their message centralized and thus maintains economic and social control within the hands of a hierarchical authority structure. He defines media in favor of space as a lighter, more transferable medium like papyrus. Opposite to media in favor of time, Innis explains that the transferable quality of media biased towards space permits civilizations to expand more quickly across vast areas, thus benefiting the growth of sectors like trade. Space biased media influences an empire to decentralize its power and widen its reach of influence. Though these biases are in competition with each other, Innis argued that an empire requires the presence of both time and space biased media to succeed as a lasting civilization.
735:, with several dedicated departments and research institutes. With a view to making the best use of communication facilities for information, publicity, and development, the Government of India in 1962-63 sought the advice of the Ford Foundation/UNESCO team of internationally known mass communication specialists who recommended setting up a national institute for training, teaching, and research in mass communication. Anna University was the first university to start a Master of Science in Electronic Media program. It offers a five-year integrated program and a two-year program in Electronic Media. The Department of Media Sciences was started in January 2002, branching off from the UGC's Educational Multimedia Research Centre (EMMRC). The National Institute of Open Schooling, the world's largest open schooling system, offers Mass Communication as a subject of studies at senior secondary level. All the major universities in the country have mass media and journalism studies departments, including Asian College of Journalism, Chennai, Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi, Xavier Institute of Communications, Mumbai, Parul University, Vadodara, Amity University, Jawaharlal Neheru University, Apeejay Institute of Mass Communications,
284:(New Press, 1999). Bourdieu asserts that television provides far less autonomy (or freedom) than we think. From his perspective, the market (which creates a hunt for higher advertising revenue) not only imposes uniformity and banality, but also necessitates a form of invisible censorship. For example, television producers often "pre-interview" participants in news and public affairs programs to ensure that they will speak in simple, attention-grabbing terms. When the search for viewers leads to an emphasis on the sensational and the spectacular, people with complex or nuanced views are not allowed a hearing.
405:. Details of the research projects and results are published in the RISJ annual report. In addition to the research performed at the Reuters Institute, media researchers in the United Kingdom have also used comments from the British press to look at their impression of media studies as a topic for study. Researchers Lucy Bennett and Jenny Kidd found that there was a link between the Conservative party in Britain and the idea that media studies was not an academic field worth studying due to its lack of scientific principles and employability for students.
993:
film studies and rhetorical or critical theory, or it may appear in combinations like âmedia studies and communicationâ to join two fields or emphasize a different focus. It involves the study of many emerging contemporary media and platforms, with social media growing in popularity in recent years. Broadcast and cable television is no longer the primary form of entertainment, with various screens offering worldwide events and pastimes around the clock. Many institutions within the United States have since changed and revised their media studies programs.
261:
telephone or television) is considered "low definition" because a small amount of data/information is given and has to be filled in. Hot media are low in participation, because they give one most of the information while excluding certain information. Meanwhile, cool media are high in participation, because inclusively provides information but relies on the viewer to fill in the blanks. McLuhan used lecturing as an example for hot media and seminars as an example for low media. Using a hot medium in a hot or cool culture makes a difference.
411:, a Jamaican-born social scientist, also contributed to the field of media studies through his writings on cultural studies, separate but similar to media studies. Hall's main viewpoint was that the mainstream media as a whole served the beliefs of the rich and powerful within society, an idea that was heavily influenced by Karl Marx and Antonio Gramsci in his writings. By naming his theory "cultural studies", Hall was able to bring in the cultural element of media studies that he felt was often left out by academics in the field.
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and access to education resources, and can be unconsciously shaped by their social environment. Bourdieu highlights this accumulation of competencies as a determining factor in oneâs life chances. Oneâs cultural capital, such as a university degree, can lead them to be offered more opportunities, thus linking the concept to both economic and social capital. Bourdieu explains that it is through the content of the different capitals that the habitus will structure an individual's consumer taste.
249:, and that all human artefacts and technologies are media. His book introduced the usage of terms such as "media" into our language along with other precepts, among them "global village" and "Age of Information". A medium is anything that mediates our interaction with the world or other humans. Given this perspective, media study is not restricted to just media of communications but all forms of technology. Media and their users form an ecosystem, and the study of this ecosystem is known as
82:
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material in the German theater (and elsewhere) since the 1970s, the field of theater studies from the 1990s onwards at the Freie
UniversitĂ€t Berlin, led in particular by Erika Fischer-Lichte, showed particular interest in the ways in which theatricality influenced notions of performativity in aesthetic events. Within the field of Film Studies, again, both Frankfurt and Berlin were dominant in the development of new perspectives on moving image media. Heide SchlĂŒpman in Frankfurt and
291:(Bourdieu, 1977), Bourdieu claims an audience's preference in media is shaped by their social context. How an individual interprets and engages with their surroundings, or their habitus, is defined by the lasting and transferable elements of character which structure their consumer preferences. Bourdieu explains that, though durable, the habitus is not set in stone; it instead acts as a âstrategy-generating principleâ allowing individuals to navigate new and unfamiliar situations.
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641:(respectively) created journalism specific programs or schools. A journalism specific program was also created at Ryerson in 1950. The first communication programs in Canada were started at Ryerson and Concordia Universities. The Radio and Television Arts program at Ryerson was started in the 1950s, while the Film, Media Studies/Media Arts, and Photography programs also originated from programs started in the 1950s.
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435:â. Context collapse refers to how a media platform can flatten multiple audiences into one and allow information intended for one audience to reach another unintended audience. An individual may present themselves to multiple audiences in various ways, but through context collapse, they are put in front of every audience at the same time and must choose which identity to assume.
1024:, games, computational media, documentary, and mobile design, and these groups are used to provide graduate students with research assistantships to cover the cost of tuition and living expenses. The incorporation of Writing and Humanistic Studies also placed MIT's Science Writing program, Writing Across the Curriculum, and Writing and Communications Center under the same roof.
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681:, formerly known as the Beijing Broadcasting Institute, dates back to 1954 and includes media studies. CUC has 15,307 full-time students, including 9,264 undergraduates, 3,512 candidates for doctor and master's degrees, and 16,780 students in programs of continuing education. The other university known for media studies in China is
253:. Media ecology also holds that our environment ultimately changes due to technology. Griffin, Ledbetter, and Sparks elaborate on this theory in their book, stating â...adding smartphones to a family doesnât create a 'family plus smartphones.' The technology changes the family into something different than what it was before.â
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years in a very structured and developmental fashion, with
Scholarship in Media Studies available for academically gifted students. According to the New Zealand Ministry of Education Subject Enrollment figures, 229 New Zealand schools offered Media Studies as a subject in 2016, representing more than 14,000 students.
759:, communication and information sciences, communication and media, media and culture or theater, and film and television sciences. While communication sciences focuses on the way people communicate, be it mediated or unmediated, media studies tends to narrow the communication down to just mediated communication.
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was created in the late 1960s. Ryerson's Radio and
Television, Film, Media and Photography programs were renowned by the mid 1970s, and its programs were being copied by other colleges and universities nationally and internationally. Western University later followed suit, establishing The Faculty of
598:, media studies and communication studies are incorporated in the same departments and cover a wide range of approaches (from critical theory and organizations to research-creation and political economy, for example). Over time, research developed to employ theories and methods from cultural studies,
507:
or "VCE") in the 1980s. It has since become, and continues to be, a strong component of the VCE. Notable figures in the development of the
Victorian secondary school curriculum were the long time Rusden College media teacher Peter Greenaway, Trevor Barr (who authored one of the first media text books
423:
examines why individuals choose to take in media. At its core, the uses and gratifications theory explores how there is no single reason why people consume the messages that they do. Instead, one person consumes specific media for different reasons than another person may consume the same media. Some
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Bourdieu expanded on the theory of the habitus, introducing his famous term, cultural capital. According to the French sociologist, cultural capital signifies an individualâs socially or culturally valuable skills and knowledge. He claims that these competencies are developed through oneâs upbringing
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Instytut
Dziennikarstwa, MediĂłw i Komunikacji SpoĆecznej Uniwersytetu JagielloĆskiego, ul. prof. StanisĆawa Ćojasiewicza 4 30-348 KrakĂłw; Kajtoch, Wojciech; Hodalska, Magdalena; Instytut Dziennikarstwa, MediĂłw i Komunikacji SpoĆecznej Uniwersytetu JagielloĆskiego, ul. prof. StanisĆawa Ćojasiewicza 4
722:
is currently one of the most popular courses of study at universities in
Germany, with many applicants mistakenly assuming that studying it will automatically lead to a career in TV or other media. This has led to widespread disillusionment, with students blaming the universities for offering highly
388:
According to the
Zeszyty Prasoznawcze, translated to Press Journals in English, one of the "architects" of media studies in Poland is Professor Walery Pisarek. Pisarek spent over 40 years of his career studying how topics such as persuasion, language, and propaganda intersect with media studies and
853:
Different courses can offer students a range of specializations, such as cultural studies, media theory and analysis, practical film-making, journalism, and communications studies. Media studies has been a nationally mandated and very popular subject in secondary (high) schools, taught across three
992:
or simply 'communication' are names that are used far more frequently than âmedia studiesâ for academic departments in the United States. However, the focus of such programs sometimes excludes certain mediaâfilm, book publishing, video games, etc. The title âmedia studiesâ may be used to designate
957:
at the
University of Leicester is credited for his influence in the development of media studies and communication studies, as the head of the university's Centre for Mass Communication Research and founder of the International Association for Media and Communication Research. Media Studies is now
701:
There is no university focused on journalism and media studies, but there are seven public universities which have a department of media studies. The three biggest universities are based in Prague (Charles
University), Brno (Masaryk University) and Olomouc (PalackĂœ University). There are another
502:
In secondary schools, an early film studies course was first introduced as a part of the
Victorian junior secondary curriculum during the mid 1960s. By the early 1970s, an expanded media studies course was being taught. The course became part of the senior secondary curriculum (later known as the
321:
This plurality of perspectives make it difficult to single out one particular site where the branch of Medienwissenschaft originated. While the Frankfurt-based theatre scholar Hans-Theis Lehmanns' term "post dramatic theater" points directly to the increased blending of co-presence and mediatized
208:
was one of the earliest advocates for the implementation of media studies curriculum in schools. He believed students should be capable of scrutinizing mass media, and valued the application of modern communication techniques within the education system. In 1975, Culkin introduced the first media
256:
McLuhan says that the "technique of fragmentation that is the essence of machine technology" shaped the restructuring of human work and association and "the essence of automation technology is the opposite". He uses an example of the electric light to make this connection and to explain how "the
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in Virginia used the title "media studies" for a department that taught practitioner-oriented major concentrations in journalism, advertising, broadcast production, and web design. In 2008, those programs were combined with a previous department of communication (speech and public relations) to
438:
In the United States, there is a rise in research surrounding social media and its use as a media form for communication. As the amount of social media research is on the rise, many researchers are calling on social media corporations to release data about their services to the general public.
710:
Numerous French post-secondary institutions offer courses in communications and media studies at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Media and communications programs at ESCP Business School, Paris Institute of Political Studies, and Grenoble Alpes University center around the study of
337:
and the moving image as a medium, particularly in the context of illusion (Koch). Many scholars who became known as media scholars in Germany were originally scholars of German, such as Friedrich Kittler, who taught at the Humboldt UniversitÀt zu Berlin and completed both his dissertation and
260:
McLuhan talks about media being "hot" or "cold" and touches on the principle that distinguishes them from one another. A hot medium (i.e., radio or a movie) extends a single sense in "high definition". High definition refers to the state of being well filled with data. A cool medium (i.e., a
1057:, the Center for New Media, and a long established interdisciplinary program formerly titled Mass Communications, which recently changed its name to Media Studies. This change eliminated any connotations that may have accompanied the term âmassâ in the former title. Until recently,
809:
Nine Dutch universities collaborate in the overarching Netherlands Research school for Media Studies (RMeS), which acts as a platform for graduate students to build connections within the media studies discipline and to represent Dutch media scholars on an international level.
693:. Almost 10,000 full-time students are currently studying in over 50 programs at the 13 Colleges and Schools of ZUMC. Both institutions have produced some of China's brightest broadcasting talents for television, as well as leading journalists at magazines and newspapers.
216:
to Fordham University, and subsequently founding the Center for Understanding Media, which became the New School program. Both educators are recognized as pioneers in the discipline, credited with paving the way for media studies curriculum within the education system.
1000:. The program has since grown to include a graduate program; it is MIT's largest humanities major, and, following a 2012 merger with the Writing and Humanistic Studies program, now has a roster of twenty faculty, including Pulitzer Prize-winning author
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314:("Germanistik"), and Comparative Literature Studies ("Komparatistik"). This branch has broadened out substantially since the 1990s, causing a culturally-based media studies (often emphasized more recently through the disciplinary title
2047:
805:
Media studies (or something similar) can be studied at the University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Groningen, University of Maastricht, and the University of Utrecht.
1020:, and Heather Hendershot. Now named Comparative Media Studies/Writing, the department places an emphasis on what Jenkins and colleagues have termed "applied humanities": it hosts several research groups for civic media,
554:
In Victoria, the VCE media studies course is structured as: Unit 1 â Representation, Technologies of Representation, and New Media; Unit 2 â Media Production, Australian Media Organisations; Unit 3 â Narrative Texts,
2567:- How far do Primary School children have the knowledge and skills to access media, make sense of the representations and images produced and to create their own? by Grant Strudley, University of Reading'
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to offer graduate studies in television and media since 2015. Currently, the Department of Television and Radio administers an MS in Media Studies, and hosts the Center for the Study of World Television.
866:, media studies programs are widely offered. International Islamic University has the oldest department in the country, now called the "Department of Media and Communication Studies". Later on, the
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826:, and is taught at both secondary and tertiary education institutes. Media studies in NZ can be regarded as a singular success, with the subject well-established in the tertiary sector (such as
475:'s "Excellence in Research for Australia" report, the leading universities in the country for media studies (which were ranked well above world standards by the report's scoring methodology) are
380:, as it invokes both scientific methods and the humanities. Accordingly, German media theory combines philosophy, psychoanalysis, history, and scientific studies with media-specific research.
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1035:, a cultural historian and media scholar, as well as the Inaugural Verklin Media Policy and Ethics Conference, endowed by the CEO of Canoe Ventures and UVA alumnus David Verklin.
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Despite the field normally being called mass communication in American circles, many theories within the realm of media studies have evolved from the United States. Elihu Katzâs
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The first major branch of media theory has its roots in the humanities and cultural studies, such as film studies ("Filmwissenschaft"), theater studies ("Theaterwissenschaft"),
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has three institutional structures within media studies that take place in the department of Film and Media (formerly Film Studies Program), including famous theorists as
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918:, and others. The Swiss programs study current trends and strategies used by media corporations, while examining their influence and consequences on modern day society.
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are famous Canadian scholars for their contributions to the fields of media ecology and political economy in the 20th century. They were both important members of the
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create a School of Communication. (A media studies major at Radford still means someone concentrating on journalism, broadcasting, advertising or Web production.)
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Today, most universities offer undergraduate degrees in Media and Communication Studies, and many Canadian scholars actively contribute to the field, among which:
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946:. Soon after in 1966, the Centre for Mass Communication Research was founded at Leicester University, and degree programs in media studies began to sprout at
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Information and Media Studies. Carleton later expanded upon its school of journalism, introducing the mass communication and media studies program in 1978.
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and Alice Marwick when they studied how media eliminates borders between contexts. In their joint article, they refer to this as part of a process called â
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977:, which is one of the leaders in news media research for the United Kingdom. The Institute focuses on journalism and news media as topics of study.
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theoretical course content. The universities maintain that practical journalistic training is not the aim of the academic studies they offer.
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and the Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology established departments of mass communication in 2002. Peshawar University,
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1045:, who was one of the first and foremost theorists of media culture in the US and boasted a strong Department of Film & Media Studies.
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When Joseph Trenaman left the BBC's Further Education Unit to become the first holder of the Granada Research Fellowship in Television at
107:. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of
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Language planning in the post-communist era: the struggles for language control in the new order in Eastern Europe, Eurasia and China
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significantly contributed to the field of organizational communication by focusing on the ontological processes of organizations.
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Marwick & Boyd (2010). "I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience".
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also started communication programs. Now, newly established universities are also offering mass communication programs, in which
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369:, is one of the few independent research institutions that is dedicated to issues surrounding media and communications policies.
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also offers formal qualifications at a number of different levels. It is offered through a large area of exam boards, including
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in the 1940s, this branch studies mass media, its institutions, and its effects on society and individuals. The German
333:, first in Bochum then in Berlin, were key theorists contributing to an aesthetic theory of the cinema (SchlĂŒpmann) as
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2316:"Measuring relative opinion from location-based social media: A case study of the 2016 U.S. presidential election"
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2048:"Master in communication in media and creative industries french track in Paris institute of political studies"
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559:; and Unit 4 â Media Process, Social Values, and Media Influence. Media studies also forms a major part of the
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342:. One of the early publications in this branch of media studies was a volume edited by Helmut Kreuzer entitled
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902:, media and communication studies are offered by several higher education institutions, including the
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linguistics, specifically in Poland. This focus on linguistics also led to Pisarek's support of the
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Bourdieu is also remembered in the discipline for his theory of the habitus. In his written work
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taught all over the UK. It is taught at Key Stages 1â 3, Entry Level, GCSE and at A level; the
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1715:"Myths about media studies: the construction of media studies education in the British press"
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journalism and other multimedia content, teaching media creation and management strategies.
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As mentioned earlier, much research in the field of news media studies has been led by the
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Today, Australian states and territories that teach media studies at a secondary level are
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Gong, Zhaoya; Cai, Tengteng; Thill, Jean-Claude; Hale, Scott; Graham, Mark (2020-05-22).
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1845:"Putting Social Media in Its Place: A Curatorial Theory for Media's Noisy Social Worlds"
350:), which summarizes the presentations given at the DĂŒsseldorfer Germanistentag in 1976.
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Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including
5138:
5053:
5043:
5031:
4942:
4915:
4860:
4806:
4659:
4507:
4419:
4414:
4171:
4092:
4087:
4018:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3878:
3853:
3838:
3828:
3823:
3768:
3212:
3194:
3159:
3114:
3093:
2977:
2643:
2635:
2368:
2315:
1468:
1374:
1145:
1050:
954:
927:
560:
311:
205:
2139:
https://educationcounts.govt.nz/statistics/schooling/student-numbers/subject-enrolment
5352:
5238:
5185:
5113:
4954:
4610:
4566:
4529:
4434:
4344:
4242:
4188:
4183:
3908:
3903:
3843:
3803:
3783:
3657:
3545:
3485:
3262:
2858:
2834:
2630:
1589:
1527:
1439:
1140:
1130:
997:
887:
650:
250:
209:
studies M.A. program in the U.S, which has since graduated more than 2,000 students.
179:
171:
112:
2561:- How to do Media Studies by Paul Long and Tim Wall from Birmingham City University.
1778:
1627:
5332:
5320:
5021:
4796:
4409:
4349:
4097:
4055:
3918:
3858:
3848:
3793:
3495:
3480:
3392:
3382:
3164:
3073:
3063:
2929:
2903:
2625:
1092:
1027:
In 2000, the Department of Media Studies was officially established in 2000 at the
1009:
1005:
996:
In 1999, the MIT Comparative Media Studies program started under the leadership of
611:
607:
167:
2072:"UFR Langage, lettres et arts du spectacle, information et communication (LLASIC)"
1731:
1714:
1298:"Marshall McLuhan as Educationist: Institutional Learning in the Postliterate Era"
456:. Media studies in Australia was first developed as an area of study in Victorian
2350:
5096:
5026:
4855:
4733:
4561:
4449:
4374:
4291:
4210:
4203:
4060:
3898:
3505:
3257:
3078:
3015:
2987:
2908:
1927:, "Section 4: Institutional Report" (20. Languages, Communication and Culture),
1087:
1042:
899:
819:
752:
654:
568:
564:
212:
Culkin was also responsible for bringing his colleague and fellow media scholar
183:
175:
99:
and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various
2113:
578:
Victoria also hosts the peak media teaching body known as ATOM which publishes
424:
possible gratifications include âcompanionshipâ, âescapeâ, and âinformationâ.
5310:
5300:
5058:
4838:
4823:
4816:
4717:
4654:
4615:
4454:
4296:
4254:
4198:
3575:
3530:
3525:
3336:
3169:
3020:
2893:
2873:
2745:
2286:
2175:"Communication and Media Research - Course offerings - University of Fribourg"
1111:
1101:
1001:
599:
572:
536:
457:
428:
147:
139:
104:
2359:
2001:
1870:
1861:
1844:
1770:
1740:
1581:
1535:
1431:
1348:(11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 414, 471â472.
1321:
1313:
1276:
702:
nine private universities and colleges that have a media studies department.
4991:
4925:
4892:
4389:
4286:
4215:
4109:
4082:
3560:
3316:
3025:
2898:
2883:
1175:
690:
603:
453:
163:
159:
135:
86:
2392:
2377:
2268:
4682:
2402:
1945:
5325:
4947:
4865:
3232:
2532:"Made in NY - Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre & Broadcasting - About"
1572:
863:
822:
is a healthy discipline, mainly due to renewed activity in the country's
686:
241:
In his book "Understanding Media, The Extensions of Man", media theorist
131:
3408:
1885:"Connected to the world: A plan to internationalise Victorian schooling"
1423:
307:, two main branches of media theory or media studies can be identified.
5285:
5091:
4920:
4136:
3617:
3585:
3341:
3247:
3202:
304:
3595:
3590:
595:
401:
Much research in the field of news media studies has been led by the
1689:"Annual report | Reuters Institute for the study of Journalism"
2332:
1344:
Griffin, Emory A; Ledbetter, Andrew; Sparks, Glenn Grayson (2023).
1265:"Dr. John M. Culkin, 65; Scholar Studied Media's Effect on Society"
762:
Communication sciences (or a derivative thereof) can be studied at
3987:
2096:
930:, media studies developed in the 1960s from the academic study of
732:
674:
219:
80:
1611:"Professor Walery Pisarek â an Architect of Polish Media Studies"
827:
2803:
2570:
755:, media studies is split into several academic courses, such as
4686:
3991:
3412:
2807:
2574:
1408:"Space Bias/Time Bias: Harold Innis, Empire and Communications"
353:
The second branch of media studies in Germany is comparable to
4178:
2453:
18:
2429:
547:. Media studies does not appear to be taught in the state of
1497:
Television, a French sociologist explains, dumbs itself down
563:
and junior secondary curriculum, and includes areas such as
2260:
Watch me play: Twitch and the rise of game live streaming
1556:"Understanding Bourdieu - Cultural Capital and Habitus"
938:. The key date, according to Andrew Crisell, is 1959:
683:
Zhejiang University of Media and Communications (ZUMC)
452:
Media is studied as a broad subject in most states in
232:
Global contributions and perspectives on media studies
2478:"Mission and Academics | Department of Media Studies"
2229:(2 ed.). London: Sage Publications. p. 89.
1474:. Maidenhead ; New York: Open University Press.
276:
One prominent French media critic is the sociologist
1946:"About Us- Faculty of Information and Media Studies"
5231:
5137:
5052:
4891:
4779:
4591:
4575:
4322:
4048:
3756:
3635:
3464:
3365:
3309:
3271:
3193:
3142:
3107:
3051:
3008:
3001:
2965:
2917:
2841:
2780:
2764:
2733:
2708:
2657:
2608:
1907:, "Section 2: Results by Field of Research Code",
1818:Bryant, Jennings; Oliver, Mary Beth, eds. (2009).
1467:
1373:
1181:The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere
950:and other universities during the 1970s and 1980s.
731:Media Studies is a fast growing academic field in
2434:MIT Graduate Program in Comparative Media Studies
2299:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
2202:(2 ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 186â7.
2151:"Bachelor of Arts in Digital Media (BA-DM) | IIG"
643:The Communication studies department at Concordia
743:(CSDS), Delhi has media studies as an emphasis.
2200:An Introductory History of British Broadcasting
1892:Department of Education and Training (Victoria)
2675:Manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions
1994:"Welcome to Communication University of China"
1820:Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research
657:(cultural studies, feminist, ageing studies),
318:) in Germany to be developed and established.
4698:
4003:
3424:
2819:
2586:
2565:The Media Literacy of Primary School Children
2559:âMedia Studies: Text, Production and Context'
2454:"About MIT Comparative Media Studies/Writing"
1970:"Reinventing Communication and Media Studies"
1512:"The Cognitive Origins of Bourdieu's Habitus"
1367:
1365:
1239:. London, England: Harvard University Press.
975:Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism
403:Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism
8:
1641:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
741:Centre for the Study of Developing Societies
363:Institute for Media and Communication Policy
5201:Political polarization in the United States
4705:
4691:
4683:
4010:
3996:
3988:
3431:
3417:
3409:
3005:
2826:
2812:
2804:
2593:
2579:
2571:
1794:"To Media Study: Media Studies and Beyond"
1645:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1516:Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour
1376:Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
890:, is also offering a BS in media studies.
348:Literaturwissenschaft â Medienwissenschaft
5254:FacebookâCambridge Analytica data scandal
2367:
2349:
2331:
2024:"Master of Science (MSc) - MĂ©dias | ESCP"
1860:
1801:The Journal of Media Art Study and Theory
1730:
1713:Bennett, Lucy; Kidd, Jenny (2017-03-04).
1626:
1571:
800:Wageningen University and Research Centre
427:A newer theory from the 2010s comes from
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
2391:Olsson, Jan; Spigel, Lynn, eds. (2004).
2118:Research school for Media Studies (RMeS)
1235:Dayan, Daniel & Katz, Elihu (1992).
32:This article includes a list of general
1202:
2292:
2226:The Political Economy of Communication
1752:
1750:
1634:
1603:
1601:
1599:
838:; Film, Television and Media Studies,
512:) and later John Murray (who authored
471:teach media studies. According to the
312:German language and literature studies
5296:Psychological effects of Internet use
2458:MIT Comparative Media Studies/Writing
2424:
2422:
1822:(3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
1683:
1681:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
908:Zurich University of Applied Sciences
7:
4641:
1925:Excellence in Research for Australia
1905:Excellence in Research for Australia
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1346:A First Look at Communication Theory
1258:
1256:
204:Former priest and American educator
16:Field of study that deals with media
5271:Digital media use and mental health
2223:Mosco, Vincent (9 September 2011).
1212:Theories of The Information Society
365:, founded in 2005 by media scholar
1510:Lizardo, Omar (21 December 2004).
1495:Cass R. Sunstein, New York Times,
1047:University of California, Berkeley
677:that specialize in media studies.
505:Victorian Certificate of Education
344:Literature Studies - Media Studies
85:A girl with a newspaper featuring
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
5276:Effects of violence in mass media
4975:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
2430:"About Comparative Media Studies"
2076:formations.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr
960:Scottish Qualifications Authority
904:International Institute in Geneva
836:Victoria University of Wellington
679:Communication University of China
376:cannot be directly translated to
5249:2021 Facebook company files leak
4970:Mobile phones and driving safety
4664:
4653:
4640:
4629:
4628:
3972:
3971:
3626:
3322:Concentration of media ownership
1528:10.1111/j.1468-5914.2004.00255.x
1296:Kuskis, Alexander (2012-07-10).
1039:University of California, Irvine
757:(applied) communication sciences
665:(organizational communication).
653:(philosophy, cultural studies),
622:at the time. More recently, the
23:
5221:2020 U.S. presidential election
5216:2016 U.S. presidential election
4583:List of social science journals
3491:Computer-mediated communication
1628:10.4467/22996362PZ.19.010.10535
886:, which was established by the
620:Toronto School of Communication
522:10 Lessons in Film Appreciation
338:habilitation in the context of
289:Outline of a Theory of Practice
4540:Science and technology studies
2700:Two-step flow of communication
1191:Uses and gratifications theory
673:There are two universities in
421:uses and gratifications theory
1:
4787:Betteridge's law of headlines
1732:10.1080/10304312.2016.1265096
1660:Andrews, Ernest, ed. (2018).
1554:Huang, Xiaowei (2019-08-07).
1380:(1st ed.). McGraw-Hill.
1302:Explorations in Media Ecology
1263:Lambert, Bruce (1993-07-25).
882:emerged as a leading figure.
639:University of Western Ontario
5306:Social aspects of television
5206:Social media use in politics
4851:Missing white woman syndrome
3613:Text and conversation theory
2649:Social aspects of television
2482:mediastudies.as.virginia.edu
2351:10.1371/journal.pone.0233660
1843:Gray, Mary L. (2015-04-01).
1664:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
1171:Social aspects of television
876:Islamia University Bahwalpur
764:Erasmus University Rotterdam
529:Australian Capital Territory
4812:Least objectionable program
1929:Australian Research Council
1909:Australian Research Council
1107:Market for loyalties theory
1070:City University of New York
460:in the early 1960s, and in
247:"the medium is the message"
5382:
5152:Algorithmic radicalization
1560:Review of European Studies
1470:Key Themes in Media Theory
1372:McLuhan, Marshall (1964).
443:Media studies in education
197:
5266:Cultural impact of TikTok
4724:
4624:
4025:
3967:
3624:
3446:
2137:NZ Ministry of Education
1807:(1) – via ProQuest.
1186:Transparency (humanities)
1004:, science fiction writer
846:; Communication Studies,
266:Empire and Communications
224:Father of media studies,
5338:Violence and video games
5316:Social impact of YouTube
5196:Knowledge gap hypothesis
5119:Social-desirability bias
5012:Informationâaction ratio
3571:Nonviolent communication
3501:History of communication
3398:Society of the Spectacle
2793:Structural functionalism
2198:Crisell, Andrew (2002).
1862:10.1177/2056305115578683
1771:10.1177/1461444810365313
1314:10.1386/eme.10.3-4.313_1
934:and, more broadly, from
828:Screen and Media Studies
493:University of Queensland
359:Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
316:Medienkulturwissenschaft
200:History of media studies
5291:Mass shooting contagion
4739:Evolutionary psychology
4228:international relations
3566:Nonverbal communication
3556:Models of communication
3279:Influence of mass media
3084:Narcotizing dysfunction
2616:Influence of mass media
2271:(inactive 2024-09-11).
2078:(in French). 2021-05-31
1933:Government of Australia
1913:Government of Australia
1792:Parikka, Jussi (2020).
1759:New Media & Society
1210:Webster, Frank (1995).
1166:Narcotizing dysfunction
1156:Media-system dependency
1126:tetrad of media effects
796:VU University Amsterdam
780:University of Groningen
776:University of Amsterdam
661:(feminist theory), and
489:University of Melbourne
473:Government of Australia
469:Australian universities
280:, who wrote books like
53:more precise citations.
5281:Fascination with death
5144:Political polarization
5072:Availability heuristic
5037:Television consumption
4555:Quantum social science
2940:Freedom of information
2269:10.23943/9780691184975
2052:www.gotouniversity.com
1855:(1): 205630511557868.
1849:Social Media + Society
1609:30-348 KrakĂłw (2019).
1412:Technology and Culture
1068:has collaborated with
1029:University of Virginia
952:
916:University of Fribourg
840:University of Auckland
685:which has campuses in
551:at a secondary level.
510:Reflections of Reality
228:
117:communication sciences
89:
5244:Criticism of Facebook
5124:Social influence bias
5007:Information pollution
4997:Information explosion
4980:Texting while driving
4936:Low information voter
4834:Pink-slime journalism
4592:Other categorizations
4445:International studies
4430:History of technology
4365:Communication studies
4248:public administration
3718:Mediated cross-border
3440:Communication studies
3327:Exploitation of women
2506:broadcastingcable.com
2403:10.1215/9780822386278
2257:Taylor, T. L (2018).
1466:Laughey, Dan (2007).
1406:Megan Mullen (2008).
1214:. London: Routledge.
1161:Mediatization (media)
1083:Anthropology of media
1012:, and media scholars
990:communication studies
940:
868:University of Karachi
832:University of Waikato
792:University of Utrecht
739:Kolkata, and others.
514:The Box in the Corner
355:Communication Studies
223:
198:Further information:
121:communication studies
103:; in particular, the
84:
5261:Criticism of Netflix
5067:Availability cascade
5002:Information overload
4911:Attention management
4906:Attention inequality
4802:Human-interest story
4744:Behavioral modernity
4729:Cognitive psychology
4425:Historical sociology
3653:Communication theory
3648:Communication design
1615:Zeszyty Prasoznawcze
1573:10.5539/res.v11n3p45
1097:time- and space-bias
1016:(a CMS co-founder),
912:University of Lugano
880:University of Gujrat
784:University of Twente
737:Brainware University
720:Medienwissenschaften
5174:Post-truth politics
5104:Mean world syndrome
4605:Geisteswissenschaft
4599:Behavioral sciences
4525:Political sociology
4440:Information science
4385:Development studies
3373:Advanced capitalism
3059:Cult of personality
2973:Advanced capitalism
2394:Television after TV
2342:2020PLoSO..1533660G
2114:"Mission Statement"
2095:Jan-Martin Wiarda:
1424:10.1353/tech.0.0239
848:University of Otago
635:Carleton University
557:Production Planning
391:Polish Language Act
87:landing on the Moon
4987:Influence-for-hire
4965:Media multitasking
4960:Human multitasking
4878:Tabloid television
4829:Media manipulation
4660:Society portal
4147:auxiliary sciences
3683:Discourse analysis
3608:Telecommunications
3551:Meta-communication
3294:Semiotic democracy
3218:Civil disobedience
3130:Media manipulation
3120:Crowd manipulation
3043:Tabloid journalism
2957:Media transparency
2935:Media independence
2849:24-hour news cycle
2772:Television studies
2695:Semiotic democracy
2690:Opinion leadership
2621:Mass communication
1269:The New York Times
1136:Media echo chamber
1117:Mass communication
1059:Radford University
1033:Siva Vaidhyanathan
1022:digital humanities
986:Mass communication
936:literary criticism
772:Tilburg University
768:Radboud University
633:In 1945 and 1946,
624:School of Montreal
533:Northern Territory
467:Today, almost all
464:in the mid 1960s.
229:
188:information theory
109:mass communication
90:
5346:
5345:
5169:Fake news website
5129:Spiral of silence
5082:Confirmation bias
4901:Attention economy
4883:Yellow journalism
4771:Social psychology
4680:
4679:
4520:Political economy
4515:Political ecology
4370:Community studies
4360:Cognitive science
4323:Interdisciplinary
4223:Political science
3985:
3984:
3406:
3405:
3332:Freedom of speech
3150:Theodor W. Adorno
3138:
3137:
3125:Managing the news
2945:Freedom of speech
2925:Media development
2889:News broadcasting
2869:Independent media
2854:Alternative media
2801:
2800:
2734:Notable academics
2412:978-0-8223-3383-8
2278:978-0-691-18497-5
1974:Carleton Newsroom
1829:978-1-4106-1877-1
1671:978-3-319-70925-3
1499:, August 2, 1998.
1481:978-0-335-21814-1
1355:978-1-265-20924-7
884:Bahria University
844:Massey University
842:; Media Studies,
834:; Media Studies,
818:Media studies in
788:Roosevelt Academy
659:Carrie Rentschler
545:Western Australia
477:Monash University
462:secondary schools
156:political economy
152:political science
79:
78:
71:
5371:
5191:Knowledge divide
5087:Crowd psychology
5077:Bandwagon effect
4844:Public relations
4761:Media psychology
4707:
4700:
4693:
4684:
4668:
4658:
4657:
4644:
4643:
4632:
4631:
4535:Regional science
4380:Cultural studies
4355:Business studies
4012:
4005:
3998:
3989:
3975:
3974:
3630:
3581:Public relations
3476:Biocommunication
3433:
3426:
3419:
3410:
3378:Culture industry
3347:Social influence
3300:The Lonely Crowd
3243:Political satire
3208:Call-out culture
3185:Jacques RanciĂšre
3180:Marshall McLuhan
3155:Jean Baudrillard
3099:Viral phenomenon
3033:Public relations
3006:
2879:Mainstream media
2864:Electronic media
2828:
2821:
2814:
2805:
2788:Media psychology
2756:Bernard Berelson
2751:Robert K. Merton
2717:The Lonely Crowd
2665:Culture industry
2658:Notable theories
2609:General concepts
2595:
2588:
2581:
2572:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2508:. Archived from
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2353:
2335:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2290:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2179:studies.unifr.ch
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2000:. Archived from
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1942:
1936:
1922:
1916:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1798:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1734:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1691:. Archived from
1685:
1676:
1675:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1632:
1630:
1605:
1594:
1593:
1575:
1551:
1540:
1539:
1507:
1501:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1463:
1444:
1443:
1403:
1392:
1391:
1379:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1341:
1326:
1325:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1207:
1151:Media psychology
1066:Brooklyn College
1014:William Uricchio
1008:, games scholar
944:Leeds University
626:and its founder
616:Marshall McLuhan
584:Screen Education
543:, Victoria, and
433:context collapse
367:Lutz Hachmeister
332:
243:Marshall McLuhan
226:Marshall McLuhan
214:Marshall McLuhan
136:digital rhetoric
128:cultural studies
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
5381:
5380:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5227:
5142:
5133:
5109:Negativity bias
5057:
5048:
5017:One weird trick
4931:Cognitive miser
4887:
4780:Media practices
4775:
4720:
4711:
4681:
4676:
4652:
4620:
4587:
4571:
4545:Science studies
4329:Administration
4318:
4044:
4021:
4019:Social sciences
4016:
3986:
3981:
3963:
3752:
3631:
3622:
3469:
3467:
3460:
3442:
3437:
3407:
3402:
3388:Media franchise
3361:
3305:
3267:
3223:Culture jamming
3189:
3175:Walter Lippmann
3134:
3103:
3047:
2997:
2961:
2952:Media pluralism
2913:
2837:
2832:
2802:
2797:
2776:
2760:
2741:Paul Lazarsfeld
2729:
2724:The Power Elite
2704:
2680:Media democracy
2653:
2604:
2599:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2512:on 11 June 2010
2502:"David Verklin"
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2390:
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2326:(5): e0233660.
2313:
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2107:
2103:, 19. May 2005.
2094:
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2017:
2007:
2005:
2004:on 30 July 2015
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1209:
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1199:
1079:
1018:Edward Schiappa
983:
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896:
860:
816:
749:
729:
717:
708:
699:
671:
663:François Cooren
628:James R. Taylor
592:
549:New South Wales
541:South Australia
450:
445:
417:
399:
386:
357:. Pioneered by
326:
301:
278:Pierre Bourdieu
274:
245:suggested that
239:
234:
202:
196:
144:literary theory
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5379:
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5233:
5232:Related topics
5229:
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5146:
5139:Digital divide
5135:
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5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5054:Cognitive bias
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5044:Sticky content
5041:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5032:Binge-watching
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4943:Digital zombie
4940:
4939:
4938:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4916:Attention span
4913:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4861:Sensationalism
4858:
4853:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4826:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4807:Junk food news
4804:
4794:
4789:
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4777:
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4768:
4763:
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4488:social science
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4475:
4470:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4420:Global studies
4417:
4415:Gender studies
4412:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4398:social science
4394:Environmental
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
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4122:
4117:
4107:
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4095:
4093:macroeconomics
4090:
4088:microeconomics
4080:
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4073:
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4063:
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3760:
3758:
3754:
3753:
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3750:
3745:
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3725:
3723:Organizational
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3673:Cross-cultural
3670:
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3523:
3521:Intrapersonal
3518:
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3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
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3465:
3462:
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3404:
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3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
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3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3213:Cancel culture
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3195:Counterculture
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3160:Edward Bernays
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3115:Catch and kill
3111:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3094:Sensationalism
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
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3030:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2983:Bipartisanship
2980:
2978:American Dream
2975:
2969:
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2963:
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2960:
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2766:
2765:Subdisciplines
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2644:Public opinion
2641:
2640:New literacies
2638:
2636:Media literacy
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2575:
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2554:
2553:External links
2551:
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2039:
2015:
1985:
1961:
1937:
1917:
1897:
1876:
1835:
1828:
1810:
1784:
1765:(1): 114â133.
1746:
1725:(2): 163â176.
1705:
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1522:(4): 375â401.
1502:
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1393:
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1308:(3): 313â333.
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1146:Media literacy
1143:
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1128:
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1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
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1085:
1078:
1075:
1055:Linda Williams
1051:Mary Ann Doane
1041:had professor
982:
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955:James Halloran
928:United Kingdom
923:
922:United Kingdom
920:
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6:
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5377:
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5359:Media studies
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5239:Computer rage
5237:
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5230:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
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5211:United States
5209:
5208:
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5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5186:Filter bubble
5184:
5180:
5179:United States
5177:
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5114:Peer pressure
5112:
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4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4955:Doomscrolling
4953:
4949:
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4937:
4934:
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4782:
4778:
4772:
4769:
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4766:Media studies
4764:
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4755:
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4742:
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4727:
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4723:
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4718:human factors
4715:
4708:
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4612:
4611:Human science
4609:
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4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4567:Vegan studies
4565:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
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4530:Public health
4528:
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4513:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
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4489:
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4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
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4469:
4466:
4465:
4464:Philosophies
4463:
4461:
4460:Media studies
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4435:Human ecology
4433:
4431:
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4418:
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4413:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4401:
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4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4345:Anthrozoology
4343:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4313:
4310:
4308:
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4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:developmental
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4243:public policy
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
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4194:legal systems
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3713:Media studies
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3688:Environmental
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3546:Media ecology
3544:
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3529:
3527:
3524:
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3517:
3516:Interpersonal
3514:
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3511:Intercultural
3509:
3507:
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3499:
3497:
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3486:Communication
3484:
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3308:
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3295:
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3290:
3289:Mediatization
3287:
3285:
3284:Media studies
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3263:Strike action
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
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3229:
3228:Demonstration
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3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
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2994:
2993:Pensée unique
2991:
2989:
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2859:Digital media
2857:
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2840:
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2835:Media culture
2829:
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2711:
2709:Notable works
2707:
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2685:Mediatization
2683:
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2663:
2662:
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2656:
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2647:
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2639:
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2634:
2632:
2631:Media ecology
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:Media studies
2596:
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2253:
2250:
2238:
2236:9781446204948
2232:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2209:0-415-24792-6
2205:
2201:
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2180:
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2167:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2120:. 2 June 2011
2119:
2115:
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2098:
2092:
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2077:
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2067:
2064:
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2043:
2040:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1890:. Melbourne:
1886:
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1709:
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1695:on 2016-03-05
1694:
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1425:
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1398:
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1387:0-262-63159-8
1383:
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1248:
1246:0-674-55956-8
1242:
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1223:
1221:0-415-10574-9
1217:
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1147:
1144:
1142:
1141:Media ecology
1139:
1137:
1134:
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1131:Media culture
1129:
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1123:
1120:
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1098:
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1040:
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1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:Henry Jenkins
994:
991:
987:
981:United States
980:
978:
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965:
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951:
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933:
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905:
901:
893:
891:
889:
888:Pakistan Navy
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
857:
855:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
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824:film industry
821:
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811:
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803:
801:
797:
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789:
785:
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773:
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703:
696:
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692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:Brian Massumi
647:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
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621:
617:
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609:
605:
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597:
589:
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455:
447:
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440:
436:
434:
430:
425:
422:
415:United States
414:
412:
410:
406:
404:
396:
394:
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383:
381:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
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341:
336:
330:
325:
319:
317:
313:
308:
306:
298:
296:
292:
290:
285:
283:
282:On Television
279:
271:
269:
267:
264:In his book,
262:
258:
254:
252:
251:media ecology
248:
244:
236:
231:
227:
222:
218:
215:
210:
207:
201:
193:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:social theory
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
113:communication
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:Media studies
88:
83:
73:
70:
62:
59:November 2021
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
5333:Technophobia
5321:Technophilia
5164:Echo chamber
5022:Rage farming
4797:Infotainment
4765:
4669:
4645:
4633:
4603:
4459:
4410:Food studies
4350:Area studies
4103:mathematical
4098:econometrics
4056:Anthropology
3712:
3496:Conversation
3481:Broadcasting
3393:Post-Fordism
3383:Mass society
3352:Transparency
3298:
3283:
3165:Noam Chomsky
3143:Philosophers
3089:Recuperation
3074:Media circus
3064:Dumbing down
2930:Media policy
2904:Social media
2722:
2715:
2670:Echo chamber
2626:Mass society
2601:
2539:. Retrieved
2535:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:the original
2505:
2496:
2485:. Retrieved
2481:
2472:
2461:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2437:. Retrieved
2433:
2393:
2386:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2259:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2225:
2218:
2199:
2193:
2182:. Retrieved
2178:
2169:
2158:. Retrieved
2154:
2145:
2133:
2122:. Retrieved
2117:
2108:
2100:
2091:
2080:. Retrieved
2075:
2066:
2055:. Retrieved
2051:
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:the original
1997:
1988:
1977:. Retrieved
1973:
1964:
1953:. Retrieved
1949:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1904:
1900:
1879:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1819:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1787:
1762:
1758:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:the original
1661:
1655:
1637:cite journal
1621:(2): 15â32.
1618:
1614:
1563:
1559:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1496:
1490:
1469:
1415:
1411:
1375:
1345:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1280:. Retrieved
1268:
1237:Media Events
1236:
1230:
1211:
1205:
1064:
1037:
1026:
1010:T. L. Taylor
1006:Joe Haldeman
995:
984:
972:
953:
948:polytechnics
941:
925:
897:
861:
852:
817:
808:
804:
761:
750:
730:
719:
718:
709:
700:
672:
648:
632:
612:Harold Innis
608:anthropology
593:
583:
579:
577:
553:
526:
521:
517:
513:
509:
501:
466:
458:universities
451:
437:
426:
418:
407:
400:
387:
377:
374:Wissenschaft
373:
371:
352:
347:
343:
339:
334:
324:Gertrud Koch
320:
315:
309:
302:
293:
288:
286:
281:
275:
265:
263:
259:
255:
240:
211:
203:
168:anthropology
125:
92:
91:
65:
56:
37:
5097:Moral panic
5027:Screen time
4856:News values
4792:Gatekeeping
4734:Externality
4671:Wikiversity
4562:Social work
4450:Linguistics
4375:Criminology
4292:criminology
4275:personality
4233:comparative
4211:Linguistics
4204:private law
4061:archaeology
3643:Closed-loop
3506:Information
3468:terminology
3272:In academia
3258:Review bomb
3079:Media event
3016:Advertising
2988:Consumerism
2909:State media
2536:www.nyc.gov
2242:24 November
2097:Medien-was?
1950:fims.uwo.ca
1894:. May 2015.
1088:Fan studies
1043:Mark Poster
900:Switzerland
894:Switzerland
820:New Zealand
814:New Zealand
753:Netherlands
747:Netherlands
655:Kim Sawchuk
586:magazines.
569:print media
565:photography
409:Stuart Hall
340:Germanistik
327: [
206:John Culkin
184:film theory
176:art history
134:(including
51:introducing
5364:Humanities
5353:Categories
5311:Social bot
5301:Sealioning
5059:Conformity
4839:Propaganda
4824:Media bias
4817:Soft media
4616:Humanities
4550:historical
4483:psychology
4455:Management
4297:demography
4255:Psychology
4238:philosophy
4199:public law
4130:integrated
3959:Wertheimer
3839:Horkheimer
3576:Propaganda
3531:Mass media
3526:Journalism
3466:Topics and
3337:Media bias
3238:Occupation
3170:Guy Debord
3052:Techniques
3021:Propaganda
2918:Principles
2894:News media
2874:Mass media
2781:Approaches
2746:Elihu Katz
2541:2020-11-10
2487:2020-11-10
2463:2020-11-10
2439:2020-11-10
2333:2002.00854
2287:1048895825
2184:2022-11-29
2160:2022-11-29
2155:www.iig.ch
2124:2022-11-30
2082:2022-11-29
2057:2022-11-29
2033:2022-11-29
1998:cuc.edu.cn
1979:2022-11-29
1955:2022-11-29
1699:2016-01-05
1282:2022-11-30
1197:References
1112:Mass media
1102:Journalism
1002:Junot Diaz
600:philosophy
573:television
537:Queensland
429:danah boyd
335:dispositif
148:psychology
140:philosophy
105:mass media
97:discipline
34:references
4992:Infodemic
4926:Clickbait
4893:Attention
4749:Cognition
4494:Planning
4473:economics
4390:Education
4287:Sociology
4265:cognitive
4216:semiotics
4167:political
4125:technical
4110:Geography
4083:Economics
3743:Technical
3728:Political
3636:Subfields
3561:New media
3317:Anonymity
3026:Fake news
3002:Deception
2899:Old media
2884:New media
2360:1932-6203
2295:cite book
1871:2056-3051
1741:1030-4312
1719:Continuum
1590:201388455
1582:1918-7181
1566:(3): 45.
1536:0021-8308
1440:109276947
1432:1097-3729
1322:1539-7785
1277:0362-4331
1176:Sociology
874:Multaan,
691:Tongxiang
604:sociology
454:Australia
448:Australia
372:The term
180:criticism
164:sociology
160:economics
5326:Neophile
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4866:Hot take
4754:Mismatch
4635:Category
4503:regional
4498:land use
4333:business
4302:internet
4260:abnormal
4162:military
4152:economic
4142:cultural
4115:physical
4076:physical
4066:cultural
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3854:Jakobson
3834:Habermas
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3366:Synonyms
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637:and the
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4647:Commons
4478:history
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4403:studies
4137:History
4049:Primary
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4030:Outline
3949:Tankard
3944:Shannon
3939:Schramm
3924:Quebral
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3909:Packard
3889:McLuhan
3884:Marcuse
3879:Luhmann
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3869:Kincaid
3864:Johnson
3829:Goffman
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3794:Chomsky
3774:Bateson
3769:Barthes
3738:Science
3668:Climate
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3456:Outline
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3069:Framing
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2369:7244148
2338:Bibcode
2028:escp.eu
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4120:human
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1797:(PDF)
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