1248:(PPE) is the first-line mode of protection for healthcare workers from infectious diseases. For it to be effective against highly contagious diseases, personal protective equipment must be watertight and prevent the skin and mucous membranes from contacting infectious material. Different levels of personal protective equipment created to unique standards are used in situations where the risk of infection is different. Practices such as triple gloving and multiple respirators do not provide a higher level of protection and present a burden to the worker, who is additionally at increased risk of exposure when removing the PPE. Compliance with appropriate personal protective equipment rules may be difficult in certain situations, such as tropical environments or low-resource settings. A 2020 Cochrane systematic review found low-quality evidence that using more breathable fabric in PPE, double gloving, and active training reduce the risk of contamination but that more randomized controlled trials are needed for how best to train healthcare workers in proper PPE use.
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care workers have not been treated right and because of that their mental, physical, and emotional health has been affected by it. The SAGE author's said that there were 94% of nurses that had experienced at least one PTSD after the traumatic experience. Others have experienced nightmares, flashbacks, and short and long term emotional reactions. The abuse is causing detrimental effects on these health care workers. Violence is causing health care workers to have a negative attitude toward work tasks and patients, and because of that they are "feeling pressured to accept the order, dispense a product, or administer a medication". Sometimes it can range from verbal to sexual to physical harassment, whether the abuser is a patient, patient's families, physician, supervisors, or nurses.
539:. Within each field of expertise, practitioners are often classified according to skill level and skill specialization. "Health professionals" are highly skilled workers, in professions that usually require extensive knowledge including university-level study leading to the award of a first degree or higher qualification. This category includes physicians, physician assistants, registered nurses, veterinarians, veterinary technicians, veterinary assistants, dentists, midwives, radiographers, pharmacists, physiotherapists, optometrists, operating department practitioners and others. Allied health professionals, also referred to as "health associate professionals" in the
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recommended unless there is a known exposure or ongoing transmission at a healthcare facility. Should an HCP be considered at increased occupational risk for TB annual screening may be considered. For HCP with a documented history of a positive TB test result do not need to be re-tested but should instead complete a TB symptom evaluation. It is assumed that any HCP who has undergone a chest x-ray test has had a previous positive test result. When considering mental health you may see your doctor to be evaluated at your digression. It is recommended to see someone at least once a year in order to make sure that there has not been any sudden changes.
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as needed (e.g. chest x-ray for HCP with a positive TB test) The CDC recommends either a blood test, also known as an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), or a skin test, also known as a
Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST). A TB blood test for baseline testing does not require two-step testing. If the skin test method is used to test HCP upon hire, then two-step testing should be used. A one-step test is not recommended.
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Nurses are the most common type of medical field worker to face shortages around the world. There are numerous reasons that the nursing shortage occurs globally. Some include: inadequate pay, a large percentage of working nurses are over the age of 45 and are nearing retirement age, burnout, and lack
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by subsector within the sector. Most of the HSA subsector prevalence estimates ranged from 14% to 18%, but the
Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories subsector had 31% prevalence and the Offices of All Other Miscellaneous Health Practitioners had a 24% prevalence. The Child Day Care Services subsector
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When hiring Health Care
Personnel, the applicant should complete the following: a TB risk assessment, a TB symptom evaluation for at least those listed on the Signs & Symptoms page, a TB test in accordance with the guidelines for Testing for TB Infection, and additional evaluation for TB disease
1414:
Similarly, studies have also shown that following the pandemic, at least one in five healthcare professionals report symptoms of anxiety. Specifically, the aspect of "anxiety was assessed in 12 studies, with a pooled prevalence of 23.2%" following COVID. When considering all 1,448 participants that
1371:
Healthcare workers are at higher risk of on-the-job injury due to violence. Drunk, confused, and hostile patients and visitors are a continual threat to providers attempting to treat patients. Frequently, assault and violence in a healthcare setting goes unreported and is wrongly assumed to be part
874:
Optometry is a field traditionally associated with the correction of refractive errors using glasses or contact lenses, and treating eye diseases. Optometrists also provide general eye care, including screening exams for glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy and management of routine or eye conditions.
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reports that as many as 50% of staffing positions for health workers in rural and underserved areas remain vacant. As of early 2011, the
Ministry was conducting research and costing analyses to determine the most appropriate attraction and retention packages for medical officers, nursing officers,
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There have been many incidents from patients that have really caused some health care workers to be traumatized and have so much self doubt. Goldblatt and other authors said that there was a lady who was giving birth, her husband said, "Who is in charge around here"? "Who are these sluts you
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Others authors that agree with this are Vento, Cainelli, & Vallone and they said that, the reason patients have caused danger to health care workers is because of insufficient communication between them, long waiting lines, and overcrowding in waiting areas. When patients are intrusive and/or
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often differs. The most significant difference across categories of mental health practitioners is education and training. There are many damaging effects to the health care workers. Many have had diverse negative psychological symptoms ranging from emotional trauma to very severe anxiety. Health
1406:
Especially in times like the present (2020), the hazards of health professional stem into the mental health. Research from the last few months highlights that COVID-19 has contributed greatly to the degradation of mental health in healthcare providers. This includes, but is not limited to,
1410:
A study done by Di Mattei et al. (2020) revealed that 12.63% of COVID nurses and 16.28% of other COVID healthcare workers reported extremely severe anxiety symptoms at the peak of the pandemic. In addition, another study was conducted on 1,448 full time employees in Japan. The participants were
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For annual screening, testing, and education, the only recurring requirement for all HCP is to receive TB education annually. While the CDC offers education materials, there is not a well defined requirement as to what constitutes a satisfactory annual education. Annual TB testing is no longer
930:
901:
Medical diagnosis providers are health workers responsible for the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs. It is most often referred to as diagnosis with the medical context being implicit. This usually involves a team of healthcare providers in
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for medicine, nursing, and a number of allied health professions. In
Florida, practicing medicine without the appropriate license is a crime classified as a third degree felony, which may give imprisonment up to five years. Practicing a health care profession without a license which results in
1609:
that is valid and current is typically illegal. In most jurisdictions, the provision of health care services is regulated by the government. Individuals found to be providing medical, nursing or other professional services without the appropriate certification or license may face sanctions and
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estimates a shortage of almost 4.3 million doctors, midwives, nurses, and support workers worldwide to meet target coverage levels of essential primary health care interventions. The shortage is reported most severe in 57 of the poorest countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.
1368:), and modifying schedules can reduce stress and burnout among multiple sectors of health care providers. Research is ongoing in this area, especially with regards to physicians, whose occupational stress and burnout is less researched compared to other health professions.
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1349:) also indicated higher rates of absenteeism due to illness or disability among health care workers compared to the rest of the working population, although those working in health care reported similar levels of good health and fewer reports of being injured at work.
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if identified as practicing in the health profession without a valid personal license or registration. Health professionals can also be imprisoned if found guilty of practicing beyond the limits allowed by their licenses and registration. The state laws define the
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focuses on improving health among individuals, families and communities through the prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries, surveillance of cases, and promotion of healthy behaviors. This category includes community and preventive medicine specialists,
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of nonfatal workplace violence incidents. Psychiatric units represent the highest proportion of violent incidents, at 40%; they are followed by geriatric units (20%) and the emergency department (10%). Workplace violence can also cause psychological trauma.
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Results of nursing staff shortages can cause unsafe staffing levels that lead to poor patient care. Five or more incidents that occur per day in a hospital setting as a result of nurses who do not receive adequate rest or meal breaks is a common issue.
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forgiveness program to encourage and support new family physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners and nurses to practice in underserved rural or remote communities of the country, including communities that provide health services to
543:, support implementation of health care, treatment and referral plans usually established by medical, nursing, respiratory care, and other health professionals, and usually require formal qualifications to practice their profession. In addition,
1167:
1587:
Incentive programs have been put in place to aid in the deficit of pharmacists and pharmacy students. The reason for the shortage of pharmacy students is unknown but one can infer that it is due to the level of difficulty in the program.
1527:
invested $ 330 million to increase the number of physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, nurses, and dentists practicing in areas of the country experiencing shortages of trained health professionals. The Budget expands
1487:(caused by physically demanding job tasks such as lifting and moving patients) and burnout. Female health workers are exposed to hazardous drugs and chemicals in the workplace which may cause adverse reproductive outcomes such as
516:, healthcare centers and other service delivery points, but also in academic training, research, and administration. Some provide care and treatment services for patients in private homes. Many countries have a large number of
1256:
Based on recommendations from The United States Center for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for TB screening and testing the following best practices should be followed when hiring and employing Health Care Personnel.
675:
A geriatric care practitioner plans and coordinates the care of the elderly and/or disabled to promote their health, improve their quality of life, and maintain their independence for as long as possible. They include
550:
Another way to categorize healthcare practitioners is according to the sub-field in which they practice, such as mental health care, pregnancy and childbirth care, surgical care, rehabilitation care, or public health.
1398:. In 2007, 32% of healthcare workers were found to get fewer than 6 hours of sleep a night. Sleep deprivation also predisposes healthcare professionals to make mistakes that may potentially endanger a patient.
1638:(HCPC) protects the 'title' of each profession it regulates. For example, it is illegal for someone to call himself an Occupational Therapist or Radiographer if they are not on the register held by the HCPC.
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surveyed at baseline in March 2020 and then again in May 2020. The result of the study showed that psychological distress and anxiety had increased more among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak.
653:, or traditional midwives, are the primary source of pregnancy and childbirth care for many women and families, although they are not certified or licensed. According to research, rates for unhappiness among
3050:
Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018-04-15). "Prevalence of
Hearing Loss Among Noise-Exposed Workers Within the Health Care and Social Assistance Sector, 2003 to 2012".
1213:; this exposure is a significant occupational hazard for health care professionals. Healthcare workers are also at risk for diseases that are contracted through extended contact with a patient, including
632:
A maternal and newborn health practitioner is a health care expert who deals with the care of women and their children before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth. Such health practitioners include
649:
and many others. One of the main differences between these professions is in the training and authority to provide surgical services and other life-saving interventions. In some developing countries,
788:
A rehabilitation care practitioner is a health worker who provides care and treatment which aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or
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of the job. Violent incidents typically occur during one-on-one care; being alone with patients increases healthcare workers' risk of assault. In the United States, healthcare workers experience
728:
and expert who specializes in the planning and delivery of a patient's perioperative care, including during the anaesthetic, surgical and recovery stages. They may include general and specialist
1424:
The patients are selecting victims who are more vulnerable. For example, Cho said that these would be the nurses that are lacking experience or trying to get used to their new roles at work.
432:
2742:"The "Healthcare Workers' Wellbeing (Benessere Operatori)" Project: A Picture of the Mental Health Conditions of Italian Healthcare Workers during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic"
1455:
An epidemiological study published in 2018 examined the hearing status of noise-exposed health care and social assistance (HSA) workers sector to estimate and compare the prevalence of
605:, as well as other health professionals and allied health professions. These health care providers often deal with the same illnesses, disorders, conditions, and issues; however, their
1166:
2223:
Verbeek, Jos H.; Rajamaki, Blair; Ijaz, Sharea; Sauni, Riitta; Toomey, Elaine; Blackwood, Bronagh; Tikka, Christina; Ruotsalainen, Jani H.; Kilinc Balci, F. Selcen (May 15, 2020).
887:. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada, Optometrists may also undergo further training in order to be able to perform some surgical procedures.
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or contact with bodily fluids. This risk can be mitigated with vaccination when there is a vaccine available, like with hepatitis B. In epidemic situations, such as the 2014-2016
2740:
Di Mattei, Valentina; Perego, Gaia; Milano, Francesca; Mazzetti, Martina; Taranto, Paola; Di Pierro, Rossella; De
Panfilis, Chiara; Madeddu, Fabio; Preti, Emanuele (2021-05-15).
1180:
1678:
540:
2300:"Tuberculosis Screening, Testing, and Treatment of U.S. Health Care Personnel: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2019"
1065:
have contact with a significant number of people, either as integrated within or remaining outside the formal health care system. These include practitioners in
3903:
1444:
are the second-most common cause of worker's compensation claims in the US and cause 21% of work absences due to injury. These injuries most commonly result in
1945:
Araujo de
Carvalho, Islene; Epping-Jordan, JoAnne; Pot, Anne Margriet; Kelley, Edward; Toro, Nuria; Thiyagarajan, Jotheeswaran A; Beard, John R (2017-11-01).
1333:, all of which occur at higher rates in health professionals than the general working population. Elevated levels of stress are also linked to high rates of
594:
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repayment programs for physicians, nurses, and dentists who agree to practice in medically underserved areas. This funding will enhance the capacity of
3153:
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litigation. Other stressors include the emotional labor of caring for ill people and high patient loads. The consequences of this stress can include
1523:
to meet population health needs and/or service delivery targets, especially in medically underserved areas. For example, in the United States, the
1271:
Previous documented negative TST within 12 months before employment OR at least two documented negative TSTs ever then a single TST is recommended
3543:
3233:
1741:
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comprises a wide variety of professions and occupations who provide some type of healthcare service, including such direct care practitioners as
1297:
are highly prevalent among health professionals. Some studies suggest that workplace stress is pervasive in the health care industry because of
2801:"The deterioration of mental health among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak: A population-based cohort study of workers in Japan"
3131:
2861:"Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
3828:
3769:
3483:
1769:
1184:
2055:
944:
A dental care practitioner is a health worker and expert who provides care and treatment to promote and restore oral health. These include
793:
689:
419:
2225:"Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff"
1278:
According to these recommended testing guidelines any two negative TST results within 12 months of each other constitute a two-step TST.
1635:
3731:
2859:
Pappa, Sofia; Ntella, Vasiliki; Giannakas, Timoleon; Giannakoulis, Vassilis G.; Papoutsi, Eleni; Katsaounou, Paraskevi (August 2020).
2594:
1524:
1234:
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849:
765:
1897:"Human resources for maternal, newborn and child health: from measurement and planning to performance for improved health outcomes.
3175:
1899:
1796:"Providing Health Care in the Shadow of Violence: Does Emotion Regulation Vary Among Hospital Workers From Different Professions?"
162:
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1452:; women, those older than 45, and those who have been working less than a year in a healthcare setting are at the highest risk.
1175:
A video describing the
Occupational Health and Safety Network, a tool for monitoring occupational hazards to health care workers
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2005:
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1241:, healthcare workers are at even greater risk, and were disproportionately affected in both the Ebola and SARS outbreaks.
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2910:"Workplace verbal abuse, nurse‐reported quality of care and patient safety outcomes among early‐career hospital nurses"
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Female health care workers may face specific types of workplace-related health conditions and stress. According to the
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employ here". This was very avoidable to have been said to the people who are taking care of your wife and child.
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1495:. In some contexts, female health workers are also subject to gender-based violence from coworkers and patients.
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Determining Priority Retention Packages to Attract and Retain Health Workers in Rural and Remote Areas in Uganda
2135:
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Goldblatt, Hadass; Freund, Anat; Drach-Zahavy, Anat; Enosh, Guy; Peterfreund, Ilana; Edlis, Neomi (2020-05-01).
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All other scenarios, with the exception of programs using blood tests, the recommended testing is a two-step TST
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violent toward the faculty, this makes the staff question what they should do about taking care of a patient.
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70% of global health and social care workers are women, 30% of leaders in the global health sector are women
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2439:"Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, 2005"
1187:(NORA) to identify and provide intervention strategies regarding occupational health and safety issues.
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2003:"Health-related rehabilitation services: assessing the global supply of and need for human resources."
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treatment and advice based on formal training and experience. The field includes those who work as a
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serious bodily injury classifies as a second degree felony, providing up to 15 years' imprisonment.
1471:, is another potential occupational risk. These drugs can cause cancer and other health conditions.
1158:
A healthcare professional wears an air sampling device to investigate exposure to airborne influenza
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3125:
1544:. The Budget's new resources will sustain the expansion of the health care workforce funded in the
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Optometrists may also undergo further training in order to specialize in various fields, including
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2166:"Devices for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel"
2079:"Interventions for preventing the spread of infestation in close contacts of people with scabies"
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The CDC has outlined further specifics on recommended testing for several scenarios. In summary:
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805:
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1614:, and nature of sanctions that can be imposed for failure to comply vary across jurisdictions.
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3270:"Age and burnout syndrome in nursing professionals: moderating role of emotion-focused coping"
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1958:
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criminal charges leading to a prison term. The number of professions subject to regulation,
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The healthcare workforce faces unique health and safety challenges and is recognized by the
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Dental assistant on the right supporting a dental operator on the left, during a procedure.
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3135:
2458:"Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic–A review"
2026:"National Occupational Research Agenda for Healthcare and Social Assistance | NIOSH | CDC"
2009:
1903:
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1101:
1097:
627:
347:
3148:
Swanson, Naomi; Tisdale-Pardi, Julie; MacDonald, Leslie; Tiesman, Hope M. (13 May 2013).
2800:
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Reddy, Viraj K; Lavoie, Marie-Claude; Verbeek, Jos H; Pahwa, Manisha (14 November 2017).
2111:
2078:
1850:
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3001:
2967:"Violence Against Healthcare Workers: A Worldwide Phenomenon With Serious Consequences"
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1979:
1946:
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1483:, women predominate in the formal health workforce in many countries and are prone to
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Ruotsalainen, Jani H.; Verbeek, Jos H.; Mariné, Albert; Serra, Consol (2015-04-07).
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In the United Kingdom, healthcare professionals are regulated by the state; the UK
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1046:
903:
582:
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A mental health professional is a health worker who offers services to improve the
357:
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131:
91:
71:
67:
3285:
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Mefoh, Philip Chukwuemeka; Ude, Eze Nsi; Chukwuorji, JohBosco Chika (2019-01-02).
1536:
to increase the number of nurses. It will also allow states to increase access to
1268:
Previous documented positive skin test (TST) then a further TST is not recommended
1217:. Health professionals are also at risk for contracting blood-borne diseases like
3215:
Forgiving Loans for New Doctors and Nurses in Under-Served Rural and Remote Areas
3064:
2597:(Report). Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information. 2007. Archived from
2357:"Testing Health Care Workers | Testing & Diagnosis | TB | CDC"
1394:
schedule, and therefore experience misalignment of their work schedule and their
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and others who focus on the health and psychological care needs of older adults.
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3433:
2002:
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Johnson, Cheryl L.; DeMass Martin, Suzanne L.; Markle-Elder, Sara (April 2007).
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Spoorthy, Mamidipalli Sai; Pratapa, Sree Karthik; Mahant, Supriya (June 2020).
1090:
3710:
3670:
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2876:
2473:
2421:"Testing for TB Infection | Testing & Diagnosis | TB | CDC"
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Sasaki, Natsu; Kuroda, Reiko; Tsuno, Kanami; Kawakami, Norito (2020-11-01).
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1988:
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856:, physiotherapy technicians, orthotic technicians, prosthetic technicians,
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and support workers are also considered a vital part of health care teams.
1962:
1548:. There were 15.7 million health care professionals in the US as of 2011.
984:
Care and treatment for the foot, ankle, and lower leg may be delivered by
3625:
3579:
3569:
1947:"Organizing integrated health-care services to meet older people's needs"
1618:
1226:
1070:
985:
876:
247:
3789:
3685:
3574:
2926:
2909:
2816:
1449:
1365:
1342:
1330:
1322:
1214:
1149:
1050:
945:
729:
721:
642:
465:
382:
228:
127:
123:
79:
51:
1572:
pharmacists, and laboratory technicians in the country's rural areas.
3620:
2050:
Bergman, Michael; Zhuang, Ziqing; Shaffer, Ronald E. (25 July 2013).
2015:, 2011, 11:276. Published 17 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
1622:
2375:"Health Care Personnel (HCP) Baseline Individual TB Risk Assessment"
2965:
Vento, Sandro; Cainelli, Francesca; Vallone, Alfredo (2020-09-18).
2612:
Ruotsalainen, JH; Verbeek, JH; Mariné, A; Serra, C (7 April 2015).
1922:"Ob-Gyn Burnout: Why So Many Doctors Are Questioning Their Calling"
1561:
1161:
1113:
1086:
929:
457:
287:
169:
161:
2746:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2400:"Signs & Symptoms | Basic TB Facts | TB | CDC"
3194:
1529:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3434:
CHAPTER 2004-256 Committee Substitute for Senate Bill No. 1118
3253:. Geneva: WHO: World Health Organization. 2006. Archived from
2136:"Does your workplace culture help protect you from hepatitis?"
1700:"HCWs With Long COVID Report Doubt, Disbelief From Colleagues"
1519:
Many jurisdictions report shortfalls in the number of trained
2077:
FitzGerald, Deirdre; Grainger, Rachel J.; Reid, Alex (2014).
1313:
leading to illness or death, and in some countries threat of
3418:
wiki.bmezine.com --> Practicing Medicine. In turn citing
3251:"The World Health Report 2006 - Working together for health"
1612:
requisites for individuals to receive professional licensure
1000:, podiatric medical assistants, podiatric nurse and others.
27:
Individual who provides medical treatments and health advice
1390:
due to their jobs. Many health care professionals are on a
3152:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
2908:
Cho, Hyeonmi; Pavek, Katie; Steege, Linsey (2020-07-22).
2668:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
2138:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
2054:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
547:
assist with providing health care services as permitted.
2719:"Running on Empty: Fatigue and Healthcare Professionals"
1460:
also had a 52% higher risk than the reference industry.
1386:
Health care professionals are also likely to experience
2563:"Exposure to Stress: Occupational Hazards in Hospitals"
3027:
Collins, James W.; Bell, Jennifer L. (June 11, 2012).
2805:
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
2694:
Hartley, Dan; Ridenour, Marilyn (September 13, 2011).
2666:"Free On-line Violence Prevention Training for Nurses"
2614:"Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers"
2507:"Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers"
1718:
World Health Report 2006: working together for health.
166:
NY College of Health Professions massage therapy class
3325:"Staffing shortages plague nation's pharmacy schools"
3127:
Women and health: today's evidence, tomorrow's agenda
1789:
1787:
1181:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1136:) are considered alternative medicine practitioners.
657:(Ob-Gyns) range somewhere between 40 and 75 percent.
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2134:
Cunningham, Thomas; Burnett, Garrett (17 May 2013).
1766:"Difference Between Psychologists and Psychiatrists"
1679:
Uniform Emergency Volunteer Health Practitioners Act
541:
International Standard Classification of Occupations
3892:
3808:
3755:
3719:
3663:
3608:
3562:
535:Healthcare practitioners are commonly grouped into
3053:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
2664:Hartley, Dan; Ridenour, Marilyn (12 August 2013).
2052:"Advanced Headforms for Evaluating Respirator Fit"
3217:. Ottawa, 22 March 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
1195:Exposure to respiratory infectious diseases like
520:who work outside formal healthcare institutions.
1551:In Canada, the 2011 federal budget announced a
2696:"Workplace Violence in the Healthcare Setting"
2415:
2413:
2159:
2157:
1252:Tuberculosis screening, testing, and education
583:clinical, counseling, and school psychologists
3477:
1183:(NIOSH) as a priority industry sector in the
595:psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners
413:
8:
1345:satisfaction. In Canada, a national report (
1341:and diagnostic errors, and reduced rates of
2618:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2511:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2304:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2229:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2083:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1407:anxiety, depression/burnout, and insomnia.
736:, assistant surgeons, surgical assistants,
3484:
3470:
3462:
3429:
3427:
3329:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
2659:
2657:
420:
406:
177:
3457:World Health Organization: Health workers
3340:
3138:Geneva, 2009. Retrieved on March 9, 2011.
3029:"Slipping, Tripping, and Falling at Work"
3000:
2982:
2925:
2884:
2832:
2775:
2757:
2637:
2574:
2538:
2481:
2325:
2315:
2266:
2250:1983/b7069408-3bf6-457a-9c6f-ecc38c00ee48
2248:
2189:
2110:
1978:
1951:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
1911:, 2011, 9(16). Retrieved 20 October 2011.
1621:state laws, an individual is guilty of a
1851:"Stopping Verbal Abuse in the Workplace"
1153:
902:various diagnostic units. These include
431:
2170:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1691:
180:
3443:State of Florida, Department of State.
3039:from the original on December 3, 2012.
2706:from the original on February 8, 2014.
2583:from the original on 12 December 2008.
1415:percentage makes up about 335 people.
174:US Navy doctors deliver a healthy baby
3829:Artificial intelligence in healthcare
3022:
3020:
2854:
2852:
2689:
2687:
2218:
2216:
1540:through dental workforce development
1185:National Occupational Research Agenda
690:adult-gerontology nurse practitioners
7:
3240:CapacityPlus Project. February 2011.
3156:from the original on 18 January 2015
2717:Caruso, Claire C. (August 2, 2012).
2672:from the original on 16 January 2015
2595:Canada's Health Care Providers, 2007
2142:from the original on 18 January 2015
2058:from the original on 16 January 2015
1120:. In some countries such as Canada,
1061:In many societies, practitioners of
3114:from the original on March 7, 2012.
3102:Connor, Thomas H. (March 7, 2011).
1636:Health and Care Professions Council
1150:Nursing § Occupational hazards
3904:reform debate in the United States
3108:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health
3033:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health
2729:from the original on May 11, 2013.
2723:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health
2700:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health
1867:10.1097/01.naj.0000271177.59574.c5
1772:from the original on April 3, 2007
850:physical rehabilitation therapists
766:operating department practitioners
696:, geriatric clinical pharmacists,
25:
3931:(Category Health care by country)
3274:Psychology, Health & Medicine
1800:Journal of Interpersonal Violence
1716:World Health Organization, 2006.
1235:West African Ebola virus epidemic
1146:Occupational hazards in dentistry
3943:
3942:
1575:At the international level, the
1360:training and therapy (including
838:speech and language pathologists
3184:Office of Management and Budget
3104:"Hazardous Drugs in Healthcare"
2298:Sosa, Lynn E. (April 2, 2019).
1747:from the original on 2015-08-16
1209:can be reduced with the use of
1130:doctors of osteopathic medicine
522:Managers of healthcare services
154:are also health professionals.
3640:Academic health science centre
3372:Leslie, G. D. (October 2008).
2630:10.1002/14651858.CD002892.pub5
2569:(July 2008). 2 December 2008.
2567:NIOSH Publication No. 2008–136
2523:10.1002/14651858.CD002892.pub5
2241:10.1002/14651858.CD011621.pub5
2182:10.1002/14651858.CD009740.pub3
2095:10.1002/14651858.CD009943.pub2
1768:. Psychology.about.com. 2007.
1649:List of healthcare occupations
1602:Health professional requisites
1347:Canada's Health Care Providers
1091:Shamballa Reiki energy healing
599:marriage and family therapists
545:unlicensed assistive personnel
526:health information technicians
1:
3877:Health information management
3862:health information technology
3600:Health information management
3390:10.1016/s1036-7314(05)80033-5
3286:10.1080/13548506.2018.1502457
3210:Canada's Economic Action Plan
2914:Journal of Nursing Management
2865:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
1437:Physical and chemical hazards
1246:personal protective equipment
1035:environmental health officers
976:, and related professionals.
922:, and related professionals.
916:medical laboratory scientists
502:medical laboratory scientists
142:, or who perform services in
3852:Translational bioinformatics
3374:"Critical Staffing shortage"
3323:Traynor, Kate (2003-09-15).
3207:Government of Canada. 2011.
3065:10.1097/JOM.0000000000001214
2013:BMC Health Services Research
1731:"Classifying health workers"
1617:In the United States, under
1607:Practicing without a license
1354:cognitive-behavioral therapy
1352:There is some evidence that
1106:traditional Chinese medicine
946:dentists and dental surgeons
651:traditional birth attendants
263:Medical laboratory scientist
243:Emergency medical technician
3882:Consumer health informatics
3124:World Health Organization.
2462:Asian Journal of Psychiatry
1855:American Journal of Nursing
1596:Regulation and registration
1110:traditional Korean medicine
750:anesthesiologist assistants
494:allied health professionals
474:speech-language pathologist
373:Speech-language pathologist
3995:
3378:Australian Nursing Journal
2971:Frontiers in Public Health
1908:Human Resources for Health
1599:
1504:
1299:inadequate staffing levels
1202:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1143:
1027:clinical nurse specialists
1010:public health practitioner
937:
894:
867:
846:rehabilitation counsellors
802:clinical nurse specialists
694:clinical nurse specialists
664:
655:obstetrician-gynecologists
617:
561:Mental health professional
558:
3938:
3872:Public health informatics
3785:Electronic health records
3655:Supervised injection site
3595:Allied health professions
3499:
2984:10.3389/fpubh.2020.570459
2877:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
2474:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102119
1738:World Health Organization
1669:Geriatric care management
1577:World Health Organization
1481:World Health Organization
1327:major depressive disorder
1128:(not to be confused with
998:foot health practitioners
800:, rehabilitation nurses,
671:Geriatric care management
214:Clinical nurse specialist
144:allied health professions
3150:"Women's Health at Work"
2576:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2008136
1812:10.1177/0886260517700620
1493:congenital malformations
1244:In general, appropriate
1039:public health inspectors
858:personal care assistants
603:mental health counselors
569:of individuals or treat
518:community health workers
268:Medical transcriptionist
3969:Health care occupations
3820:Medical image computing
3770:Artificial intelligence
3342:10.1093/ajhp/60.18.1822
1659:Chronic care management
1654:Community health center
1442:Slips, trips, and falls
830:recreational therapists
826:occupational therapists
770:anaesthetic technicians
726:healthcare professional
702:geriatric care managers
682:occupational therapists
591:clinical social workers
587:occupational therapists
482:occupational therapists
224:Community health worker
42:(sometimes abbreviated
36:healthcare professional
3857:Translational medicine
3110:. Medscape and NIOSH.
3035:. Medscape and NIOSH.
2759:10.3390/ijerph18105267
2725:. Medscape and NIOSH.
2702:. Medscape and NIOSH.
2317:10.15585/mmwr.mm6819a3
1674:Health human resources
1521:health human resources
1485:musculoskeletal injury
1467:, including those for
1176:
1159:
1051:public health dentists
974:oral health therapists
935:
842:respiratory therapists
778:surgical technologists
742:veterinary technicians
462:respiratory therapists
437:
293:Occupational Therapist
175:
167:
120:occupational therapist
3846:Computational biology
3747:Universal precautions
1963:10.2471/BLT.16.187617
1174:
1157:
933:
722:surgical practitioner
512:. They often work in
435:
393:Surgical technologist
368:Respiratory therapist
182:Health practitioners
173:
165:
96:veterinary technician
18:Medical practitioners
3840:Behavior informatics
1664:Electronic superbill
1489:spontaneous abortion
1311:hazardous substances
1295:occupational burnout
1286:Psychosocial hazards
1231:needlestick injuries
1140:Occupational hazards
1063:alternative medicine
1057:Alternative medicine
1019:public health nurses
1015:physician assistants
798:physician assistants
774:perioperative nurses
734:physician assistants
686:physician assistants
639:physician assistants
579:physician assistants
454:physician assistants
442:healthcare workforce
253:Health administrator
140:healthcare scientist
88:registered dietitian
3979:Health care quality
3824:imaging informatics
3732:Cultural competence
2406:. February 4, 2021.
1806:(9–10): 1908–1933.
1706:. 29 November 2021.
1553:Canada Student Loan
1525:2010 federal budget
1501:Workforce shortages
1307:infectious diseases
1291:Occupational stress
806:nurse practitioners
738:veterinary surgeons
530:assistive personnel
490:behavior therapists
478:physical therapists
450:nurse practitioners
388:Surgeon's assistant
333:Physician assistant
318:Pharmacy technician
108:pharmacy technician
84:physician assistant
46:) is a provider of
32:health professional
3810:Health informatics
3585:Healthcare science
3439:2011-07-23 at the
3236:2011-05-23 at the
3134:2012-12-25 at the
2927:10.1111/jonm.13071
2817:10.5271/sjweh.3922
2008:2012-07-20 at the
1926:healthecareers.com
1902:2015-09-24 at the
1569:Ministry of Health
1239:2003 SARS outbreak
1191:Biological hazards
1177:
1160:
1096:2021-01-25 at the
966:dental technicians
954:dental auxiliaries
936:
879:, medical retina,
754:nurse anesthetists
647:obstetrical nurses
537:health professions
438:
353:Physical therapist
278:Nurse practitioner
176:
168:
116:physical therapist
3956:
3955:
3720:Skills / training
3644:Teaching hospital
3335:(18): 1822–1824.
3226:Rockers P et al.
3195:National Archives
1628:scope of practice
1419:Abuse by patients
1388:sleep deprivation
1172:
970:dental therapists
958:dental hygienists
950:dental assistants
897:Medical diagnosis
854:athletic trainers
762:clinical officers
746:anesthesiologists
708:, nursing aides,
607:scope of practice
430:
429:
273:Nurse anesthetist
258:Medical assistant
184:and professionals
112:medical assistant
40:healthcare worker
16:(Redirected from
3986:
3946:
3945:
3834:Neuroinformatics
3775:Connected health
3486:
3479:
3472:
3463:
3444:
3431:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3344:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3247:
3241:
3224:
3218:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3180:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3145:
3139:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3004:
2986:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2929:
2920:(6): 1250–1258.
2905:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2836:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2761:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2641:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2427:. March 8, 2021.
2417:
2408:
2407:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2363:. March 8, 2021.
2353:
2340:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2270:
2252:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2193:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2022:
2016:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1918:
1912:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1740:. Geneva. 2010.
1735:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1696:
1584:of recognition.
1538:oral health care
1515:Nursing shortage
1507:Health workforce
1396:circadian rhythm
1381:
1380:
1376:
1173:
810:physiotherapists
792:. These include
698:geriatric nurses
573:. These include
422:
415:
408:
219:Clinical officer
194:Athletic trainer
178:
152:community health
60:family physician
21:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3934:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3804:
3751:
3715:
3691:Overutilization
3659:
3650:Pharmacy school
3616:Assisted living
3604:
3558:
3495:
3490:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3441:Wayback Machine
3432:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3238:Wayback Machine
3225:
3221:
3206:
3202:
3189:
3187:
3178:
3176:"Archived copy"
3174:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3136:Wayback Machine
3123:
3119:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3026:
3025:
3018:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2624:(4): CD002892.
2611:
2610:
2606:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2517:(4): CD002892.
2504:
2503:
2499:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2355:
2354:
2343:
2310:(19): 439–443.
2297:
2296:
2292:
2235:(5): CD011621.
2222:
2221:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2089:(2): CD009943.
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2035:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2010:Wayback Machine
2001:Gupta N et al.
2000:
1996:
1957:(11): 756–763.
1944:
1943:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1904:Wayback Machine
1895:Gupta N et al.
1894:
1890:
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1775:
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1764:
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1759:
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1748:
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1728:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1644:
1604:
1598:
1567:In Uganda, the
1534:nursing schools
1517:
1511:Doctor shortage
1503:
1477:
1465:hazardous drugs
1439:
1421:
1404:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1319:substance abuse
1303:long work hours
1288:
1254:
1193:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1102:Siddha medicine
1098:Wayback Machine
1059:
1047:epidemiologists
1006:
982:
942:
928:
899:
893:
872:
866:
786:
758:surgical nurses
718:
706:geriatric aides
673:
665:Main articles:
663:
630:
628:Birth attendant
618:Main articles:
616:
563:
557:
426:
397:
348:Psychotherapist
183:
160:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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3981:
3976:
3971:
3961:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3939:
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3935:
3933:
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3923:
3918:
3913:
3911:United Kingdom
3908:
3907:
3906:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3826:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3780:Digital health
3777:
3772:
3767:
3765:3D bioprinting
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3727:Bedside manner
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3636:Medical school
3633:
3628:
3623:
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3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
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3592:
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498:phlebotomists
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148:public health
146:. Experts in
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41:
37:
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19:
3867:Telemedicine
3800:Telemedicine
3795:Nanomedicine
3631:Nursing home
3414:
3384:(4): 16–17.
3381:
3377:
3367:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3255:the original
3245:
3228:
3222:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3193:– via
3188:. Retrieved
3182:
3170:
3158:. Retrieved
3143:
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3107:
3097:
3056:
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3045:
3032:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2917:
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2864:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2752:(10): 5267.
2749:
2745:
2735:
2722:
2712:
2699:
2674:. Retrieved
2621:
2617:
2607:
2599:the original
2589:
2566:
2557:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2403:
2394:
2384:18 September
2382:. Retrieved
2369:
2360:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2232:
2228:
2203:. Retrieved
2173:
2169:
2144:. Retrieved
2129:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2045:
2034:. Retrieved
2032:. 2019-02-15
2029:
2020:
2012:
1997:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:
1916:
1906:
1891:
1861:(4): 32–34.
1858:
1854:
1844:
1803:
1799:
1774:. Retrieved
1760:
1749:. Retrieved
1737:
1725:
1720:Geneva: WHO.
1717:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1633:
1616:
1605:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1550:
1546:Recovery Act
1518:
1497:
1478:
1469:chemotherapy
1463:Exposure to
1462:
1457:hearing loss
1454:
1440:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1385:
1370:
1351:
1346:
1289:
1280:
1277:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1243:
1200:
1197:tuberculosis
1194:
1178:
1060:
1007:
990:chiropodists
983:
943:
920:pathologists
912:Sonographers
908:radiologists
900:
873:
834:audiologists
822:prosthetists
794:physiatrists
790:disabilities
787:
719:
674:
631:
564:
549:
534:
528:, and other
439:
358:Radiographer
343:Psychologist
323:Phlebotomist
238:nutritionist
204:Chiropractor
181:
132:psychologist
92:veterinarian
72:psychiatrist
68:obstetrician
43:
39:
35:
31:
29:
3974:Health care
3926:New Zealand
3681:End-of-life
3563:Professions
3493:Health care
2871:: 901–907.
2443:www.cdc.gov
2425:www.cdc.gov
2404:www.cdc.gov
2361:www.cdc.gov
2030:www.cdc.gov
1339:absenteeism
1315:malpractice
1223:hepatitis C
1219:hepatitis B
1211:respirators
1199:(caused by
1083:naturopathy
1067:acupuncture
994:pedorthists
986:podiatrists
891:Diagnostics
885:paediatrics
470:pharmacists
378:Social Work
298:Optometrist
199:Audiologist
136:audiologist
100:optometrist
76:radiologist
48:health care
3963:Categories
3893:By country
3757:Technology
3696:Palliative
3524:Philosophy
3514:Guidelines
3190:2009-03-06
3160:21 January
2977:: 570459.
2676:15 January
2468:: 102119.
2205:16 October
2146:18 January
2062:18 January
2036:2019-03-14
1931:2023-05-22
1751:2016-02-13
1686:References
1505:See also:
1392:shift work
1362:meditation
1358:relaxation
1144:See also:
1126:osteopaths
1079:homeopathy
1043:paramedics
1031:dietitians
1023:pharmacist
881:low vision
818:orthotists
710:caregivers
667:Geriatrics
661:Geriatrics
620:Obstetrics
614:Obstetrics
506:dieticians
446:physicians
338:Podiatrist
308:Pharmacist
104:pharmacist
3921:Australia
3742:Education
3737:Diagnosis
3590:Dentistry
3534:Providers
3509:Equipment
3504:Economics
3398:1036-7314
3351:1079-2082
3294:1354-8506
3073:1076-2752
2993:2296-2565
2952:219972442
2936:0966-0429
2825:0355-3140
2768:1660-4601
2531:1469-493X
2380:. cdc.gov
2285:218649177
2259:1469-493X
2103:1469-493X
1971:0042-9686
1875:0002-936X
1820:0886-2605
1207:influenza
1075:herbalism
940:Dentistry
926:Dentistry
870:Optometry
864:Optometry
624:Midwifery
514:hospitals
328:Physician
303:Paramedic
234:Dietitian
64:internist
58:(such as
56:physician
3948:Category
3626:Hospital
3609:Settings
3580:Pharmacy
3570:Medicine
3519:Industry
3437:Archived
3406:14692155
3359:14521029
3310:51954488
3302:30095287
3234:Archived
3154:Archived
3132:Archived
3112:Archived
3081:29111986
3037:Archived
3011:33072706
2944:32564407
2895:32437915
2843:32905601
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