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technology and novel methodologies. New medical textiles are an emerging field with significant growth in wound treatment products. These are all important characteristics of wound care fibers and dressings. They are non-toxic, non-allergic, absorbent, hemostatic, biocompatible, breathable, and non-toxic. They also have good mechanical properties. Chitosan, Alginate, Collagen, branan ferulate, and carbon fiber-based goods offer numerous advantages over conventional materials. Materials used in wound care also include foams, hydrogels, films, hydrocolloids, and matrix (tissue engineering).
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isolation gowns, nonsurgical gowns, and procedural gowns are all terms used to describe different gowns used in health care settings. The names of products are not standardized. The specifications of the products are important. ANSI/AAMI PB70 specifies a classification system for protective gear used in healthcare facilities in the United States based on its liquid barrier performance. Quality requirements for various gowns include seam strength, lint generation, tear resistance, evaporative resistance, and breathability.
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1373:). The hemostatic agent operates by interacting with the erythrocytes' (negatively charged) cell membrane and the protonated chitosan (positively charged), resulting in platelet involvement and fast thrombus formation. When the bandage comes into contact with blood, it becomes sticky, creating an adhesive-like effect that seals the cut.
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Natural fibers such as cotton, silk, and viscose (a regenerated cellulosic fiber) are used in hygiene and healthcare products, as well as non-implantable materials. Polyester, nylon, polypropylene, glass, and carbon are all examples of synthetic fibers used in
Medical textiles. Fibers absorbed within
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Human textiles refer to textiles that utilize human materials, including bioengineered yarns made from human cells, for tissue regeneration. Textiles manufactured from human tissue-based 'yarn' can be intricately woven, knitted, or braided and have the potential to contribute to various applications,
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and medical technologies have made medical healthcare an important industry in textiles. Textiles are used in the production of a variety of medical devices, including replacements for damaged, injured, or non-functioning organs. The manufacture of medical textiles is a growing sector. There are many
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These gowns are either impermeable or made of a densely woven, water-resistant fabric. 510(K) is a premarket submission made to the Food and Drug
Administration in order to demonstrate that the device to be sold is safe and effective. Surgical and surgical isolation gowns are regulated by the FDA as
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Knitting, weaving, braiding, crocheting, composite materials, and non-woven technologies are all different fabric manufacturing systems used in contemporary wound care. Research subjects in medical textiles include materials and products with significantly superior attributes produced using advanced
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are used in medical textiles, properties such as modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and hardness are mostly fixed factors in natural fibers, and have proven to be more manageable in synthetic fibers. Recent fiber developments have a significant impact on four primary areas of medical textiles:
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are a kind of PPE for medical professionals. Gowns are a component of a comprehensive infection-control approach. They protect the wearer from getting sick or getting infected if they come into contact with liquids or solids that could be contagious or harmful. Operating room gowns, surgical gowns,
447:
Implants are medical devices used to replace a missing biological structure, to sustain a damaged biological structure, or to improve an existing biological structure. In contrast to a transplant, which is biomedical tissue that has been transplanted, medical implants are man-made devices such as
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are hospital garments treated with anti bacterial chemicals. Their primary objective is to prevent the spread of hazardous microorganisms between healthcare staff and between patients. The applied chemicals work differently, for example, chemical binds to the microbe's DNA, effectively rendering
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Materials in surgical sutures are textile based products. Suture material is frequently subdivided into absorbable thread and non-absorbable thread, and then into synthetic fibers and natural fibers. Whether a suture material is monofilament or polyfilament is an additional critical distinction.
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Medical devices are commonly made in whole or part from fibers. A medical device is defined as any device intended for medical purposes. It could be a machine, a reagent for use in the lab, software, an appliance, an instrument, or an implant. For medical use, fiber selection is based on certain
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Microfluidic spinning technology is used for fabricating many type of fibers. Due to its ease of manipulation, high efficiency, controllability, and environmentally friendly chemical process, microfluidic systems have been identified as an appropriate microreactor platform for the production of
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is a well-established technology for fabricating micro- and nanofibers, in which a polymer melt is extruded via small nozzles surrounded by a high-speed blowing gas. Melt-blown microfibers typically have a fiber diameter of 2–4 μm, but can be as small as 0.3–0.6 μm or as large as 15–20 μm. Melt
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A bandage is a piece of fabric used to cover, dress, and bind wounds. Bandages are typically manufactured from various textile materials. The dressing or splint is held in place using a bandage. Bandages are also used for medical purposes (strengthening and compressing) to support and restrict
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It is possible to make meter-long core-shell hydrogel microfibers that contain ECM proteins and mature cells or somatic stem cells in a microfluidic device. and these microfibers have the morphologies and functions of live tissues. The fibers also have the potential to be reeled and spin or
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Onoe, Hiroaki; Okitsu, Teru; Itou, Akane; Kato-Negishi, Midori; Gojo, Riho; Kiriya, Daisuke; Sato, Koji; Miura, Shigenori; Iwanaga, Shintaroh; Kuribayashi-Shigetomi, Kaori; Matsunaga, Yukiko T.; Shimoyama, Yuto; Takeuchi, Shoji (June 2013). "Metre-long cell-laden microfibres exhibit tissue
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only (PPE includes gowns, aprons, masks, gloves, medical masks, goggles, face shields, and respirators, i.e., N95 or FFP2). PPE protects medical professionals from illness, infections . The PPE cloth acts as a barrier with the capacity to prevent contaminants from entering the body through
1307:. The physical and chemical properties of fibers, the size of the pores, and the strength of the fabric all play a role in how textile technologies can be used in tissue engineering. Fibrous structures can be made and shaped with textile technology to meet the needs of a wide range of
1771:. They are used in countries with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks and are worn in hospitals as well as in public. They are not designed to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne bacteria or virus particles and are less effective than respirators, such as N95 or FFP masks.
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The term "hygiene and healthcare products" refers to a variety of materials used to maintain the hygiene, safety, and care of medical professionals and patients. Surgical drapes, gowns, uniforms, clothing, caps, wipes, masks, and hospital bed linens are all included in this category
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ranging from simple biocompatible sutures to complex woven tissues for surgical repairs, thereby aiding in the healing process of injuries. Human textiles offer a potential solution to mitigate the drawbacks associated with foreign agents that may induce adverse side effects.
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in two hours. Henceforth, it is suitable for PPE for health workers. Chitosan, a natural polymer that is biocompatible, non-allergenic, biodegradable, and non-toxic, was also looked at for its antiviral properties. The chitosan-based compound also shows efficacy against
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Biotextiles are constructions made of textile fibers that are employed in both implantable and non-implant applications. Their performance is assessed according to their biofunctionality, biocompatibility, and biostability. For example, biostability in the presence of
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patients softly and precisely. Additionally, the PCM can be incorporated therapeutically into elastic wraps or orthopedic joint supports. It makes it easy to provide heat or cold therapy to joints or muscles while wearing a bandage.
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Magnan, Laure; Labrunie, Gaëlle; Fénelon, Mathilde; Dusserre, Nathalie; Foulc, Marie-Pierre; Lafourcade, Mickaël; Svahn, Isabelle; Gontier, Etienne; Vélez V., Jaime H.; McAllister, Todd N.; L'Heureux, Nicolas (March 2020).
2179:, based on original Sanskrit text. Edited and published by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna. With a full and comprehensive introd., translation of different readings, notes, comparative views, index, glossary and plates
3118:
Zhang, Yan; Wang, Cai-Feng; Chen, Li; Chen, Su; Ryan, Anthony J. (December 2015). "Microfluidic-Spinning-Directed
Microreactors Toward Generation of Multiple Nanocrystals Loaded Anisotropic Fluorescent Microfibers".
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criteria of intended use. Primarily, fibers are chosen on the basis of their biodegradability or non-biodegradability. Other than biodegradability, strength, elasticity, and absorbency are also considered.
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Favatela, María
Florencia; Otarola, Jessica; Ayala-Peña, Victoria Belen; Dolcini, Guillermina; Perez, Sandra; Torres Nicolini, Andrés; Alvarez, Vera Alejandra; Lassalle, Verónica Leticia (April 2022).
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reasons for its growth, such as new technology in both textiles and medicine; ageing populations; growing populations; changes in lifestyles; and longer life expectancies. Additionally, the
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Products made from medical textiles are specially engineered textile-based products used in medical applications. These products are used for prevention, care, and hygiene purposes.
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Nonwoven fabrics with two or more fibers layers are widely used in a variety of applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds, wipes, wound dressings, and barrier materials.
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with a range of desired fine microns that is usable to make nano- and submicron-sized fibrous scaffolds from polymer solutions that could be used as cell and tissue substrates.
1123:
The term "medical textile" refers to various products made of textile materials (fiber, yarn, or fabric) that are used in the medical environment. Although both natural and
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reproduction impossible. Some antimicrobial chemicals dissolve the protein necessary for their growth, there are antimicrobials which attack specific bacteria such as
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Akbari, Mohsen; Tamayol, Ali; Bagherifard, Sara; Serex, Ludovic; Mostafalu, Pooria; Faramarzi, Negar; Mohammadi, Mohammad
Hossein; Khademhosseini, Ali (April 2016).
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Antiviral textiles are an extension of antimicrobial surfaces. These surfaces, which have antiviral capabilities, may be able to inactivate lipid-coated viruses.
2009:
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or polyglycolic acid, also called PGA, is a biodegradable and thermoplastic polymer. PGA suture is categorized as an absorbable synthetic braided multifilament.
3408:; Hashemi, Nicole N. (22 May 2019). "Photo-Cross-Linked Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogels: Spherical Microparticles to Bow Tie-Shaped Microfibers".
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are considered biodegradable, and fibers that require more than six months to absorb are called non-biodegradable. These fibers are categorized as below:
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Non-implantable materials are used externally and may or may not contact skin. For example, bandages, plaster, orthopedic belts, pressure garments, etc.
248:
844:(CAM) is both biologically sound and resilient, allowing for large-scale production suitable for clinical applications utilizing regular, adult human
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applications. Tissue engineering is the process of putting together scaffolds, cells, and biologically active molecules to make functional tissues.
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Medical textiles use tubular fabrics with carefully chosen materials that are biocompatible, nonallergic, and nontoxic. For example, Dyneema, PTFE,
1699:
3260:
Du, Xiang-Yun; Li, Qing; Wu, Guan; Chen, Su (December 2019). "Multifunctional Micro/Nanoscale Fibers Based on
Microfluidic Spinning Technology".
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Antimicrobial textiles are the textile materials (fibers, yarns and fabrics) treated with antimicrobial agents, they are used in hygiene care.
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Gilding, D.K.; Reed, A.M. (December 1979). "Biodegradable polymers for use in surgery—polyglycolic/poly(actic acid) homo- and copolymers: 1".
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under the "articles of bandaging." The concept of personal protective equipment (PPE) for medical practitioners dates all the way back to the
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Extracorporeal devices are the artificial organs that remain outside the body while treating a patient. Extracorporeal devices are useful in
3773:"Development and Characterization of Antimicrobial Textiles from Chitosan-Based Compounds: Possible Biomaterials Against SARS-CoV-2 Viruses"
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Medical textiles have a critical role in preserving human life. So, e.g., medical textile applications (PPE cover all, N95 masks), were in
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3083:
Xu, Ling-Ling; Wang, Cai-Feng; Chen, Su (7 April 2014). "Microarrays Formed by
Microfluidic Spinning as Multidimensional Microreactors".
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technology in textiles, medical professions now have access to a diverse choice of textile materials with varying designs and qualities.
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3824:
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Class II medical devices that require a 510(k). Non-surgical gowns are class I medical devices that do not need a 510(k) clearance.
1274:, treating a wound or keeping a wound or illness in the right condition during medical treatment, they also helps in protecting the
856:
In the medical field, most permanent synthetic biomaterials are considered foreign by the innate immune system. This can lead to a
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that have the capabilities of temperature adaptive moisture management can improve the thermo-physiological comfort of patients.
3404:
Sharifi, Farrokh; Patel, Bhavika B.; McNamara, Marilyn C.; Meis, Peter J.; Roghair, Marissa N.; Lu, Mingchang; Montazami, Reza;
2231:
3647:
2846:"Influence of rheology and surface properties on morphology of nanofibers derived from islands-in-the-sea meltblown nonwovens"
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Submission and Review of
Sterility Information in Premarket Notification (510(k)) Submissions for Devices Labeled as Sterile
2293:"Examining the interplay between face mask usage, asymptomatic transmission, and social distancing on the spread of COVID-19"
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Different types of fibers and manufacturing systems are utilized for the production of the various medical textile products.
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Ramachandran Sharma, Bhavna; Vaishnav, Rushikesh (April 2015). "Need of
Development in Medical Textile Market in India".
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A combination of properties are considered while selecting the materials, which largely depends upon the particular use
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in Europe. According to descriptions, the costumes were typically composed of heavy fabric or leather and was waxed.
123:, and the production of stimuli-sensitive materials are major approaches for developing innovative medical textiles.
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2978:. New York : Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum: Princeton Architectural Press. p. 74.
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Ducheyne, Paul; Healy, Kevin E.; Hutmacher, Dietmar W.; Grainger, David W.; Kirkpatrick, C. James (2015-08-28).
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A surgical face mask, meant for single use. It is a type of the face masks often used to prevent the spread of
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1217:, and controlling them considerably reduces the incidence of serious health disorders. Movement patterns and
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Copper engraving of Doctor
Schnabel (i.e., Dr. Beak), a plague doctor in seventeenth-century Rome, circa 1656
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generated higher demand for certain medical textile applications , and there were shortages worldwide. Even
2062:"Textile industry focusing on medical garments amid COVID-19 pandemic: TRSA Reports - The Textile Magazine"
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Only one test of water impacting the gown material's surface is conducted to determine barrier protection.
2708:
Cvrček, Ladislav; Horáková, Marta (2019). "Plasma Modified Polymeric Materials for Implant Applications".
1218:
1188:
812:
1165:, and Teflon are used for implants. The material type varies depending on the implant area; for example,
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blowing technology helps in producing filtering products such as N95 masks, and female hygiene products.
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Sutures made from polyglycolic acid. These sutures are adsorbable and are degraded by the body over time.
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properties. Chitosan hemostatic agents are salts formed when chitosan is combined with an organic acid (
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2634:"Human textiles: A cell-synthesized yarn as a truly "bio" material for tissue engineering applications"
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materials and manufacturing processes for the medical sector. As a result of new technologies such as
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Jones, Kim S. (April 2008). "Effects of biomaterial-induced inflammation on fibrosis and rejection".
2304:
2137:
Fess, Elaine Ewing (April 2002). "A History of splinting: To understand the present, view the past".
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or PPE protects the wearer from health hazards. For example, Viral barrier gowns can protect against
1686:
Some more examples of medical textile applications in the medical environment include the following:
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Rajendran, S.; Anand, S.C.; Rigby, A.J. (2016). "Textiles for healthcare and medical applications".
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is a mouth and nose cover against bacterial aerosols, these are often used for a particular purpose.
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Medical textiles serve as a bridge between biological sciences and engineering. The advancement of
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hygiene products, implants, non-implantable medical textiles, and extracorporeal medical textiles.
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There are four different groups of fibers, fabrics and materials used in medical textile products.
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Petrulyte, Salvinija (2008). "Advanced textile materials and biopolymers in wound management".
872:. The materials used in medical textile products must have the following properties: strength,
139:, the world's largest manufacturer of such applications, has struggled to keep up with demand.
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use Hemcon dressings, which is a dressing with Chitosan, to treat wounds because it stops the
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Rajendran, S.; Anand, S.C.; Rajendran, S. (2019). "Advanced textiles for wound compression".
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may function as an inhibitor of bacterial and fungal development. In 2003, the United States
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1191:, is used in producing medical devices, for example, implants and certain surgical devices.
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Catching, Adam; Capponi, Sara; Yeh, Ming Te; Bianco, Simone; Andino, Raul (6 August 2021).
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1485:. The treated material sustains the antiviral properties five to ten home laundry washes.
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Iyigundogdu, Zeynep Ustaoglu; Demir, Okan; Asutay, Ayla Burcin; Sahin, Fikrettin (2017).
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Compression bandages are used to apply pressure while directed pressure is used to treat
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are used to construct scaffolds for the development of cells and the release of drugs.
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Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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1411:. The most common classifications for compression bandages are inelastic and elastic.
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3451:
Baldrick, Paul (April 2010). "The safety of chitosan as a pharmaceutical excipient".
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Anand, Subhash C.; Kennedy, J. F.; Miraftab, M.; Rajendran, Subbiyan (2005-11-30).
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3035:. Boca Raton : CRC Press ; Cambridge: Woodhead Pub. 2006. p. 119.
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2650:
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255:, resulting in severe shortages. Considering the shortage, in February 2020, the
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2356:. Edinburgh ; New York: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. 2005. p. 200.
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193:, and gauges is very old. An ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and surgery, the
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3357:"Nano-Fibrous Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Capable of Growth Factor Delivery"
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Types of fibers, fabrics and materials in different medical textile products
2037:"Coronavirus: Protective health gear, N-95 masks, coveralls in short supply"
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Wehmann, Michael; McCulloch, W. John G. (1999). "Melt blowing technology".
2793:"Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers as Medical Devices (MPB archive, Mar 98)"
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2659:
2574:
2334:
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3738:
3186:"Textile Technologies and Tissue Engineering: A Path Toward Organ Weaving"
2010:"Why America ran out of protective masks — and what can be done about it"
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2889:. Polymer Science and Technology Series. Vol. 2. pp. 415–420.
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Masks can protect healthy people from illness by limiting the spread of
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restricted the use of medical essentials such as PPE and masks, etc. to
2465:
Wong, Joyce Y.; Bronzino, Joseph D.; Peterson, Donald R. (2012-12-06).
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are helpful in medical textiles because they can be utilized to reheat
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1038:
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have been used in medical applications since ancient times. The use of
119:. Physical and chemical alterations of fiber architectures, the use of
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35:
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3648:"How Antimicrobial Scrubs and Uniforms Can Keep Your Workplace Safe?"
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2207:
The Middle Ages: From the Fall of Rome to the Rise of the Renaissance
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3009:. Boca Raton : CRC Press ; Cambridge: Woodhead Pub. 2006.
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Rohani Shirvan, Anahita; Nouri, Alireza (2020). "Medical textiles".
1783:
Health workers in PPE and people standing in row with surgical masks
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Allows small amount of fluid penetration. Slight barrier to fluids.
1037:, also called PLA, is a biodegradable, biosorbable or bioabsorbable
686:
Cotton, Viscose, Plastic films, Glass, Polypropylene, and Polyester
61:
The spectrum of applications of medical textiles ranges from simple
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Wang, Wen-Yi; Yim, Sui-Lung; Wong, Chun-Ho; Kan, Chi-Wai (2021).
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Barrier protection level against simulated blood containing virus
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Cotton, Viscose, Polyurethane foam, Polypropylene, and Polyester
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Cardiovascular implants such as vascular grafts and heart valves
72:. Common examples of products made from medical textiles include
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Medical textiles cover a vast area of application that includes
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3673:"Developing Novel Antimicrobial and Antiviral Textile Products"
2549:"Topical and effective hemostatic medicines in the battlefield"
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were one of the most effective means of protection against the
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Protection from fluids for longer period than level two gowns.
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Protection from fluids for longer period than level one gowns.
3777:
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
3486:
Singh, Rita; Shitiz, Kirti; Singh, Antaryami (December 2017).
1981:
Handbook of Technical Textiles: Technical Textile Applications
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King, M.W.; Gupta, B.S.; Guidoin, R. (2013). "Introduction".
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guidelines include a list of them which are approved by FDA.
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and related research has resulted in the introduction of new
2553:
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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Polyester, Polyamide, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Polyethylene
3823:
Health, Center for Devices and Radiological (2021-01-13).
3722:"Development of Antiviral CVC (Chief Value Cotton) Fabric"
2424:
International Journal on Textile Engineering and Processes
2266:
Health, Center for Devices and Radiological (2020-05-11).
2182:. Gerstein - University of Toronto. Calcutta. p. 166.
2921:
Woven Textiles: Principles, Technologies and Applications
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approved chitosan-based wound dressings for medical use.
490:
Orthopedic implants such as artificial bones and joints
3488:"Chitin and chitosan: biopolymers for wound management"
2113:
Modified fibers with medical and specialty applications
2975:
Extreme textiles : designing for high performance
1672:
Water impact on gown's surface for barrier protection.
1635:
Water impact on gown's surface for barrier protection.
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Water impact on gown's surface for barrier protection.
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Non-Thermal Plasma Technology for Polymeric Materials
2353:
Churchill Livingstone's mini encyclopaedia of nursing
2268:"Personal Protective Equipment for Infection Control"
243:
speaks about PPE shortages and purchases in May 2020.
2844:
Soltani, Iman; Macosko, Christopher W. (June 2018).
2193:
Encyclopedia of Pestilence Pandemics and Plagues.pdf
3842:Ammirati, Christie T. (2005). "Aseptic Technique".
659:Ordinary bandages which are elastic or non-elastic
2442:"Artificial Heart | PDF | Polyurethane | Polymers"
1666:Protection against fluids and virus for one hour.
1303:Textile technologies are now being considered for
1978:Horrocks, A. R.; Anand, Subhash C. (2016-03-09).
1519:The different levels are categorized as follows:
519:Steel, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Polyester, Nylon
1892:Medical Textiles and Biomaterials for Healthcare
1041:used in producing many type of implants such as
84:, certain medical devices, healthcare textiles,
2493:"Non implantable materials in medical textiles"
1475:severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
448:artificial ligaments and vascular grafts, etc.
3234:"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine"
2547:Zhang, Yin-Juan; Gao, Bo; Liu, Xi-Wen (2015).
2172:Susruta; Bhishagratna, Kunja Lal (1907–1916).
1858:Advances in Functional and Protective Textiles
2232:"N95 and rapid testing shortage hits Calgary"
8:
3915:"See which masks protect better than others"
1225:illnesses and to guide treatment decisions.
534:Soft tissue implants such as the following:
1722:, textile based implants, surgical meshes,
1431:. The exemplary products are wipes, gowns,
347:sutures, artificial joints, and ligaments.
292:Categories of fibers, fabrics and materials
3966:"Can face masks protect against COVID-19?"
3796:
3747:
3737:
3696:
3511:
3380:
3209:
2861:
2649:
2564:
2497:International Journal of Current Research
2324:
836:Cell-Assembled extracellular Matrix (CAM)
215:from the disease during outbreaks of the
38:purposes. Medical textile is a sector of
2116:. Dordrecht: Springer. 2006. p. 1.
1826:. Woodhead Publishing. pp. 13, 14.
1521:
1056:
950:
728:
721:Hygiene and healthcare products category
653:Cotton, Viscose, Polyamide, and Spandex
625:
450:
394:
298:
3085:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
1797:
1757:
1732:control materials for medical purposes.
1270:), etc. Medical textiles are useful in
16:Textiles for medical and healthcare use
3818:
3816:
3677:Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
3453:Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
3410:ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
3152:
3150:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2468:Biomaterials: Principles and Practices
2417:
2415:
2413:
2399:
2388:
3884:
3882:
3355:Hu, Jiang; Ma, Peter X. (June 2011).
3255:
3253:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2346:
2344:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2031:
2029:
2003:
2001:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1407:disease, such as in the treatment of
7:
3062:. Woodhead Publishing. p. 230.
2924:. Woodhead Publishing. p. 332.
1984:. Woodhead Publishing. p. 135.
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1738:loaded and drug releasing materials.
1726:repair, and regenerative medicines.
1213:, which are critical components of
1205:. Intelligent textiles can monitor
525:Non-biodegradable surgical sutures
467:Polyester, Polytetrafluoroethylene
3852:10.1016/B978-0-323-02752-6.50007-9
3596:10.1016/B978-0-08-102192-7.00006-0
2718:10.1016/B978-0-12-813152-7.00014-7
2603:10.1016/B978-1-78242-465-9.00005-7
1926:10.1016/B978-1-84569-439-5.50027-2
1866:10.1016/B978-0-12-820257-9.00013-8
1462:Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)
619:Non-implantable materials category
14:
3032:Intelligent textiles and clothing
3006:Intelligent textiles and clothing
2210:. Peace Hill Press. p. 145.
767:Polyester, Polypropylene, Cotton
3588:Advanced Textiles for Wound Care
2083:"一罩难求：南都民调实测走访发现，线上线下口罩基本卖脱销_进货"
1776:
1760:
1477:and cotton fabrics treated with
740:Hygiene and healthcare products
689:Knitting, Weaving, and Nonwoven
656:Weaving, Knitting, and Nonwoven
364:Hygiene and healthcare products
3891:"Can surgical masks be reused?"
3538:The Mont Reid Surgical Handbook
3059:Advances in Technical Nonwovens
2151:10.1053/hanthe.2002.v15.0150091
1918:Biotextiles as Medical Implants
1553:Standard isolation, Basic care
380:Extracorporeal devices category
2595:Handbook of Technical Textiles
2521:. Elsevier. pp. 221–235.
2175:An English translation of the
1675:Pressure test of the material.
1638:Pressure test of the material.
1597:Pressure test of the material.
1466:fabric with chief value cotton
1421:Antimicrobial treated textiles
737:Manufacturing system employed
634:Manufacturing system employed
459:Manufacturing system employed
443:Implantable materials category
99:Medical textiles include many
1:
3312:morphologies and functions".
3190:Advanced Healthcare Materials
3121:Advanced Functional Materials
3056:Kellie, George (2016-05-17).
2945:Chen, Xiaogang (2015-05-28).
2863:10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.051
1710:Personal protective equipment
703:Absorbent pads in wound care
249:high demand and scarce supply
3941:Handbook of Medical Textiles
3541:. Elsevier. pp. 81–90.
2895:10.1007/978-94-011-4421-6_58
2820:Handbook of Medical Textiles
2795:. 2007-03-12. Archived from
2779:10.1016/0032-3861(79)90009-0
2651:10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.037
2377:Saravanan, M. (2014-09-01).
2008:Lopez, German (2020-03-27).
1435:clothes, etc. Antimicrobial
1351:Food and Drug Administration
1322:Electrospinning can produce
1187:, a manufactured fiber from
3535:Sutton, Jeffrey M. (2018).
3492:International Wound Journal
3465:10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.09.015
1181:is used for mesh implants.
1043:naturally dissolving stents
642:Nylon, Cotton, and Spandex
4017:
3938:Bartels, V. (2011-08-19).
3789:10.1007/s10904-021-02192-x
2918:Gandhi, Kim (2019-11-01).
2817:Bartels, V. (2011-08-19).
2687:10.1016/j.smim.2007.11.005
2518:Comprehensive Biomaterials
2471:. CRC Press. p. 281.
2317:10.1038/s41598-021-94960-5
778:Polyester, Viscose, Glass
637:Non-implantable materials
367:Clothing, surgical gowns,
353:Non-implantable materials
23:Health workers in PPE kits
3944:. Elsevier. p. 117.
3689:10.1007/s12010-016-2275-5
3373:10.1007/s11095-011-0367-z
2972:McQuaid, Matilda (2005).
2951:. Elsevier. p. 324.
2379:"Extracorporeal textiles"
1823:Medical Textile Materials
1820:Qin, Yimin (2015-11-21).
1427:or inhibit the growth of
920:Material and technologies
795:Sheets and Pillow covers
745:Polyester, Polypropylene
548:Poly(methyl methacrylate)
369:bedding, and wipes, etc.
308:Medical textile products
257:World Health Organization
211:were intended to protect
3646:wpiqadmin (2019-11-14).
3619:Sun, Gang (2016-04-11).
1920:. pp. xxxi–xxxvii.
1895:. Elsevier. p. 81.
1576:, and during blood draw
1481:along with chitosan and
714:Antimicrobial dressings
631:Fiber or material types
603:Low-density polyethylene
522:Monofilament or braided
508:Monofilament or braided
456:Fiber or material types
400:Fiber or material types
264:respiratory secretions,
46:-based products used in
3625:. Woodhead Publishing.
3567:www.merriam-webster.com
3563:"Definition of BANDAGE"
3361:Pharmaceutical Research
3159:Danish Medical Bulletin
2948:Advances in 3D Textiles
2204:Bauer, S. Wise (2003).
2139:Journal of Hand Therapy
1167:Polytetrafluoroethylene
1003:Polytetrafluoroethylene
403:Extracorporeal devices
96:, and barrier fabrics.
34:materials intended for
3622:Antimicrobial Textiles
3422:10.1021/acsami.9b05555
3282:10.1002/adma.201903733
3202:10.1002/adhm.201500517
3133:10.1002/adfm.201503680
3097:10.1002/anie.201310977
2675:Seminars in Immunology
2398:Cite journal requires
1501:
1415:Antimicrobial textiles
1377:Surgical suture thread
1342:Antimicrobial dressing
1262:, disease management,
1229:Phase-change materials
1189:liquid-crystal polymer
1031:
813:Superabsorbent polymer
462:Implantable materials
408:Viscose (hollow type)
244:
209:Plague doctor costumes
179:
171:
115:, braided, as well as
24:
3739:10.3390/polym13162601
1656:pathogen transmission
1536:Product usable as/at
1500:wearing medical gowns
1496:
1391:specific body parts.
1266:, bandages, hygiene (
1241:shape-memory polymers
1221:are used to diagnose
1219:electroencephalograms
1029:
858:foreign body reaction
852:Foreign body reaction
648:Compression bandages
645:Knitting and Weaving
238:
177:
150:
128:textile manufacturing
50:applications such as
22:
3590:. pp. 169–192.
3406:Sakaguchi, Donald S.
2712:. pp. 367–407.
2597:. pp. 135–168.
1860:. pp. 291–333.
1747:Compression garments
1464:treated CVC fabric (
1409:deep vein thrombosis
1395:Compression bandages
1331:Biomedical scaffolds
1250:anisotropic fibers.
1195:Intelligent textiles
1173:implants due to its
944:three months by our
842:Extracellular matrix
670:Orthopedic bandages
356:Dressing, bandages,
277:respiratory droplets
239:California Governor
4001:Medical terminology
3844:Surgery of the Skin
3416:(20): 18797–18807.
3326:2013NatMa..12..584O
3274:2019AdM....3103733D
2309:2021NatSR..1115998C
1611:Intravenous therapy
1584:Intensive care unit
1523:
1468:) kills 94% of the
1284:infectious diseases
1264:preventive clothing
1119:Recent developments
1058:
952:
840:The Cell-Assembled
751:Protective clothes
730:
627:
452:
396:
301:
166:, ca. 500 BC, from
121:functional finishes
3889:Afp (2020-11-18).
3846:. pp. 25–37.
3262:Advanced Materials
2638:Acta Biomaterialia
2297:Scientific Reports
1716:of nanometer size.
1539:Protection levels
1522:
1510:ASTM International
1502:
1456:Antiviral textiles
1309:tissue engineering
1299:Tissue engineering
1276:healthcare workers
1199:disease management
1177:properties, while
1067:Non-biodegradable
1057:
1032:
1022:PLA and PGA fibers
961:Non-biodegradable
951:
803:Weaving, Knitting
800:Polyester, Cotton
770:Weaving, Nonwoven
756:Cotton, Polyester
729:
678:Knitting, Weaving
667:Weaving, Nonwoven
626:
589:Polyester, Carbon
470:Weaving, Knitting
451:
395:
358:and plaster, etc.
319:Artificial organs
299:
261:front-line workers
245:
180:
172:
70:tissue engineering
40:technical textiles
25:
3951:978-0-85709-369-1
3861:978-0-323-02752-6
3632:978-0-08-100585-9
3605:978-0-08-102192-7
3548:978-0-323-53175-7
3504:10.1111/iwj.12797
3238:www.nibib.nih.gov
3127:(47): 7253–7262.
3091:(15): 3988–3992.
3069:978-0-08-100584-2
3042:978-1-84569-005-2
3016:978-1-84569-005-2
2985:978-1-56898-507-7
2958:978-1-78242-219-8
2931:978-0-08-102498-0
2904:978-94-010-5899-5
2830:978-0-85709-369-1
2773:(12): 1459–1464.
2742:"Medical devices"
2727:978-0-12-813152-7
2612:978-1-78242-465-9
2528:978-0-08-055294-1
2478:978-1-4398-7251-2
2363:978-0-443-07487-5
2217:978-0-9714129-4-1
2123:978-1-4020-3793-1
1991:978-1-78242-488-8
1935:978-1-84569-439-5
1902:978-1-84569-410-4
1875:978-0-12-820257-9
1833:978-0-08-100624-5
1684:
1683:
1662:Operating theater
1574:Surgical suturing
1401:lymphatic disease
1215:medical diagnosis
1203:remote monitoring
1169:is preferred for
1133:materials science
1116:
1115:
1019:
1018:
946:biological system
824:
823:
718:
717:
708:Cotton, Chitosan
616:
615:
440:
439:
374:
373:
345:Vascular grafts,
253:COVID-19 pandemic
236:
133:COVID-19 pandemic
4008:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3919:www.usatoday.com
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3886:
3877:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3820:
3811:
3810:
3800:
3783:(4): 1473–1486.
3768:
3762:
3761:
3751:
3741:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3700:
3683:(3): 1155–1166.
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3498:(6): 1276–1289.
3483:
3477:
3476:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3384:
3367:(6): 1273–1281.
3352:
3346:
3345:
3334:10.1038/nmat3606
3314:Nature Materials
3308:
3302:
3301:
3268:(52): e1903733.
3257:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3213:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3001:
2990:
2989:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2653:
2628:
2617:
2616:
2590:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2544:
2533:
2532:
2512:
2501:
2500:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2462:
2456:
2455:
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2452:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2419:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2328:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2263:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2201:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2177:Sushruta samhita
2169:
2163:
2162:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2108:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1975:
1940:
1939:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1853:
1838:
1837:
1817:
1780:
1764:
1524:
1450:Escherichia coli
1423:either kill the
1197:can be used for
1125:synthetic fibers
1059:
953:
878:biocompatibility
860:when implanted.
731:
697:Cotton, Viscose
675:Cotton, Viscose
628:
513:surgical sutures
484:Polyoxymethylene
453:
427:Artificial heart
397:
302:
237:
195:Sushruta Samhita
82:surgical sutures
42:that emphasizes
28:Medical textiles
4016:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3974:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3923:
3921:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3899:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3869:
3862:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3825:"Medical Gowns"
3822:
3821:
3814:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3656:
3654:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3571:
3569:
3561:
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3556:
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3534:
3533:
3529:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3259:
3258:
3251:
3242:
3240:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3003:
3002:
2993:
2986:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2802:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2764:
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2728:
2707:
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2702:
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2671:
2667:
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2591:
2582:
2546:
2545:
2536:
2529:
2514:
2513:
2504:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2450:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2421:
2420:
2411:
2397:
2387:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2110:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2067:
2065:
2064:. 21 April 2020
2060:
2059:
2055:
2046:
2044:
2043:. 23 March 2020
2035:
2034:
2027:
2018:
2016:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1977:
1976:
1943:
1936:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1855:
1854:
1841:
1834:
1819:
1818:
1799:
1794:
1784:
1781:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1697:N95 respirators
1491:
1458:
1417:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1344:
1336:Hydrogel fibers
1333:
1301:
1292:
1256:
1239:Materials with
1145:electrospinning
1121:
1055:
1035:Polylactic acid
1024:
941:
932:
927:
922:
890:noncarcinogenic
884:, flexibility,
866:
854:
838:
829:
723:
621:
572:Artificial skin
496:Polylactic acid
445:
390:cardiac surgery
382:
294:
289:
227:
225:
145:
117:knitted fabrics
17:
12:
11:
5:
4014:
4012:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3981:
3957:
3950:
3930:
3906:
3878:
3867:
3860:
3834:
3812:
3763:
3712:
3663:
3638:
3631:
3611:
3604:
3578:
3554:
3547:
3527:
3478:
3459:(3): 290–299.
3443:
3396:
3347:
3320:(6): 584–590.
3303:
3249:
3225:
3196:(7): 751–766.
3176:
3146:
3110:
3075:
3068:
3048:
3041:
3022:
3015:
2991:
2984:
2964:
2957:
2937:
2930:
2910:
2903:
2877:
2836:
2829:
2809:
2784:
2757:
2733:
2726:
2700:
2681:(2): 130–136.
2665:
2618:
2611:
2580:
2534:
2527:
2502:
2484:
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2053:
2041:Business Today
2025:
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1429:microorganisms
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1305:biofabrication
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1211:blood pressure
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1080:
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1064:Biodegradable
1062:
1054:
1053:Other polymers
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1000:
995:
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958:Biodegradable
956:
940:
939:Natural fibers
937:
931:
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918:
904:permeability.
894:non-allergenic
865:
862:
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850:
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827:Human textiles
825:
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773:Medical gowns
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559:
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511:Biodegradable
509:
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475:
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317:
314:Extracorporeal
310:
309:
306:
293:
290:
288:
285:
224:
221:
217:Bubonic Plague
213:plague doctors
197:, categorises
183:Natural fibers
158:. Tondo of an
144:
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90:menstrual pads
15:
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10:
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6:
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2887:Polypropylene
2881:
2878:
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2869:
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2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2826:
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2821:
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2810:
2799:on 2007-03-12
2798:
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2772:
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2236:calgaryherald
2233:
2227:
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2219:
2213:
2209:
2208:
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2189:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2145:(2): 97–132.
2144:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2105:
2103:
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2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1909:
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1894:
1893:
1885:
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1718:
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1692:
1691:Surgical mask
1689:
1688:
1687:
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1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
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1626:
1623:cases, or at
1622:
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1609:
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1581:
1580:Pathology lab
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1556:Visitor gown
1555:
1552:
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1525:
1520:
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1505:Medical gowns
1499:
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1489:Medical gowns
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1392:
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1371:Succinic acid
1368:
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1355:Combat medics
1352:
1348:
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1047:Polyglycolide
1044:
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1015:
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1007:
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1001:
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993:
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989:Polypropylene
987:
985:
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980:
979:
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960:
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531:
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524:
521:
518:
517:
514:
510:
507:
505:
501:
500:Polyglycolide
497:
494:
493:
489:
487:
485:
481:
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476:
472:
469:
466:
465:
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458:
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423:
420:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
406:
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379:
377:
370:
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363:
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359:
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352:
351:
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338:
337:
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332:
328:
324:
318:
315:
312:
311:
307:
304:
303:
297:
291:
286:
284:
282:
278:
273:
271:
270:bodily fluids
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
242:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
142:
140:
138:
134:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
30:are numerous
29:
21:
3973:. Retrieved
3969:
3960:
3940:
3933:
3922:. Retrieved
3918:
3909:
3898:. Retrieved
3894:
3870:
3843:
3837:
3828:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3732:(16): 2601.
3729:
3725:
3715:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3655:. Retrieved
3651:
3641:
3621:
3614:
3587:
3581:
3570:. Retrieved
3566:
3557:
3537:
3530:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3413:
3409:
3399:
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3360:
3350:
3317:
3313:
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3265:
3261:
3241:. Retrieved
3237:
3228:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3165:(1): 72–77.
3162:
3158:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3088:
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3078:
3058:
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3005:
2974:
2967:
2947:
2940:
2920:
2913:
2886:
2880:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2823:. Elsevier.
2819:
2812:
2801:. Retrieved
2797:the original
2787:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2749:. Retrieved
2745:
2736:
2709:
2703:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2641:
2637:
2594:
2559:(1): 10–19.
2556:
2552:
2517:
2496:
2487:
2467:
2460:
2449:. Retrieved
2445:
2436:
2427:
2423:
2391:cite journal
2382:
2372:
2352:
2303:(1): 15998.
2300:
2296:
2286:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:
2261:
2250:
2239:. Retrieved
2235:
2226:
2206:
2199:
2188:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2112:
2090:. Retrieved
2087:www.sohu.com
2086:
2077:
2066:. Retrieved
2056:
2045:. Retrieved
2040:
2017:. Retrieved
2013:
1980:
1917:
1911:
1891:
1884:
1857:
1822:
1787:
1685:
1669:Three tests
1654:, and where
1518:
1514:
1503:
1459:
1418:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1345:
1334:
1302:
1293:
1257:
1254:Applications
1248:
1245:
1238:
1227:
1223:neurological
1193:
1183:
1160:
1155:Melt blowing
1153:
1149:melt blowing
1130:
1122:
1033:
1012:Polyurethane
942:
933:
906:
869:
867:
855:
839:
830:
734:Fiber types
724:
622:
581:Contact lens
480:Polyethylene
446:
422:Polyurethane
386:hemodialysis
383:
375:
368:
357:
346:
320:
295:
274:
246:
241:Gavin Newsom
223:Significance
205:17th century
198:
194:
181:
126:Advances in
125:
98:
68:to advanced
60:
54:, care, and
27:
26:
3970:Mayo Clinic
2746:www.who.int
2644:: 111–120.
2430:(2): 24–27.
1769:Coronavirus
1704:coronavirus
1483:citric acid
1470:coronavirus
1367:lactic acid
1233:hypothermia
1201:as well as
1141:3D printing
910:body fluids
886:nontoxicity
846:fibroblasts
811:Polyester,
575:Artificial
566:Artificial
340:Implantable
251:during the
162:red-figure
111:materials,
107:, fabrics,
48:health care
32:fiber-based
3990:Categories
3975:2022-04-26
3924:2022-04-27
3900:2022-04-26
3657:2022-05-02
3652:IQ Apparel
3572:2022-05-08
3243:2022-04-26
2803:2022-05-07
2751:2022-05-05
2451:2022-05-16
2277:2022-05-02
2241:2022-05-01
2092:2022-05-04
2068:2022-05-04
2047:2022-05-01
2019:2022-05-01
1792:References
1658:suspected
1632:Two tests
1591:Two tests
1446:Salmonella
1363:hemostasis
1359:blood flow
1324:nanofibers
1290:Wound care
1260:wound care
1207:heart rate
1179:polyolefin
882:elasticity
864:Properties
478:Silicone,
412:Artificial
342:materials
154:bandaging
52:prevention
3895:The Hindu
3438:206497224
3298:203622435
3141:136813842
2872:139262140
2856:: 21–30.
1625:Emergency
1607:Moderate
1533:Exposure
1361:with its
1280:Infection
1272:first aid
1175:non-stick
1163:Polyester
1072:Polymers
998:Polyamide
975:Polyester
817:Nonwoven
806:Blankets
781:Nonwoven
762:Uniforms
748:Nonwoven
700:Nonwoven
692:Plasters
611:Cartilage
607:Nonwoven
596:Ligaments
592:Braiding
305:Category
156:Patroclus
109:non-woven
74:dressings
3996:Textiles
3807:35106063
3758:34451140
3726:Polymers
3707:27734286
3522:28799228
3473:19788905
3430:31042026
3391:21234657
3342:23542870
3290:31573714
3220:26924450
3171:18321446
3105:24595996
2695:18191409
2660:31996332
2575:25784969
2385:: 88–91.
2335:34362936
2159:12086034
1742:Bandages
1720:Implants
1550:Minimum
1498:Surgeons
1433:Odorless
1425:bacteria
1386:Bandages
1347:Chitosan
1109:Chitosan
1087:Collagen
1076:Alginate
930:Overview
874:softness
820:Diapers
792:Weaving
759:Weaving
711:Weaving
552:Collagen
504:Collagen
321:such as
316:devices
281:aerosols
200:Kausheya
191:bandages
152:Achilles
78:implants
66:bandages
3798:8794601
3749:8400859
3698:7091037
3513:7949833
3382:3100424
3322:Bibcode
3270:Bibcode
3211:4910159
2850:Polymer
2767:Polymer
2566:4358424
2326:8346500
2305:Bibcode
1754:Gallery
1714:viruses
1652:Surgery
1185:Vectran
1039:polymer
984:Viscose
966:Fibers
789:Cotton
681:Gauges
556:Silicon
333:, etc.
187:splints
143:History
103:types,
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1724:hernia
1621:Trauma
1604:Three
1542:Tests
1527:Level
1479:copper
1448:, and
1437:scrubs
1405:venous
1098:Chitin
970:Cotton
925:Fibers
896:, and
784:Masks
577:Cornea
568:tendon
544:Chitin
436:Lungs
331:kidney
329:, and
268:, and
63:cotton
3434:S2CID
3294:S2CID
3137:S2CID
2868:S2CID
1700:masks
1648:High
1645:Four
1530:Risk
1369:, or
1318:weave
1278:from
1171:stent
1137:fiber
914:cells
902:water
415:liver
327:liver
287:Types
266:blood
168:Vulci
164:kylix
160:Attic
137:China
113:woven
105:yarns
101:fiber
94:wipes
44:fiber
3946:ISBN
3856:ISBN
3803:PMID
3754:PMID
3703:PMID
3627:ISBN
3600:ISBN
3543:ISBN
3518:PMID
3469:PMID
3426:PMID
3387:PMID
3338:PMID
3286:PMID
3216:PMID
3167:PMID
3101:PMID
3064:ISBN
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3011:ISBN
2980:ISBN
2953:ISBN
2926:ISBN
2899:ISBN
2825:ISBN
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2691:PMID
2656:PMID
2607:ISBN
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2523:ISBN
2473:ISBN
2404:help
2358:ISBN
2331:PMID
2212:ISBN
2155:PMID
2118:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1930:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1828:ISBN
1736:Drug
1730:Odor
1570:Low
1567:Two
1547:One
1282:and
1209:and
1147:and
912:and
900:and
579:and
388:and
323:lung
279:and
3848:doi
3829:FDA
3793:PMC
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3693:PMC
3685:doi
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3592:doi
3508:PMC
3500:doi
3461:doi
3418:doi
3377:PMC
3369:doi
3330:doi
3278:doi
3206:PMC
3198:doi
3129:doi
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2858:doi
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2683:doi
2646:doi
2642:105
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2561:PMC
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