156:
632:
644:
3230:
655:
1412:
fibers can be engineered chemically, physically, and mechanically to suit particular technical engineering. In choosing a fiber type, a manufacturer would balance their properties with the technical requirements of the applications. Various fibers are available to select for manufacturing. Here are typical properties of the sample natural fibers as compared to the properties of artificial fibers.
3691:
41:
3240:
3430:
700:
1388:. The latter design provides more optically reflective properties. Synthetic textile fibers are often crimped to provide bulk in a woven, non woven or knitted structure. Fiber surfaces can also be dull or bright. Dull surfaces reflect more light while bright tends to transmit light and make the fiber more transparent.
1124:
Fiber classification in reinforced plastics falls into two classes: (i) short fibers, also known as discontinuous fibers, with a general aspect ratio (defined as the ratio of fiber length to diameter) between 20 and 60, and (ii) long fibers, also known as continuous fibers, the general aspect ratio
1411:
Fibers can be divided into natural and artificial (synthetic) substance, their properties can affect their performance in many applications. Synthetic fiber materials are increasingly replacing other conventional materials like glass and wood in a number of applications. This is because artificial
1065:, etc. In the production of these fibers, the cellulose is reduced to a fairly pure form as a viscous mass and formed into fibers by extrusion through spinnerets. Therefore, the manufacturing process leaves few characteristics distinctive of the natural source material in the finished products.
1360:
Invented in Japan in the early 1980s, microfibers are also known as microdenier fibers. Acrylic, nylon, polyester, lyocell and rayon can be produced as microfibers. In 1986, Hoechst A.G. of
Germany produced microfiber in Europe. This fiber made it way into the United States in 1990 by DuPont.
1346:
Coextruded fibers have two distinct polymers forming the fiber, usually as a core-sheath or side by side. Coated fibers exist such as nickel-coated to provide static elimination, silver-coated to provide anti-bacterial properties and aluminum-coated to provide RF deflection for
1379:
are two measurements of fiber yield based on weight and length. If the fiber density is known, you also have a fiber diameter, otherwise it is simpler to measure diameters in micrometers. Microfibers in technical fibers refer to ultra-fine fibers (glass or meltblown
1003:
Artificial or chemical fibers are fibers whose chemical composition, structure, and properties are significantly modified during the manufacturing process. In fashion, a fiber is a long and thin strand or thread of material that can be
2284:
Low resolution structure and packing investigations of collagen crystalline domains in tendon using
Synchrotron Radiation X-rays, Structure factors determination, evaluation of Isomorphous Replacement methods and other
1384:) often used in filtration. Newer fiber designs include extruding fiber that splits into multiple finer fibers. Most synthetic fibers are round in cross-section, but special designs can be hollow, oval, star-shaped or
1287:
by roasting them in a low oxygen environment. Traditional acrylic fiber is used more often as a synthetic replacement for wool. Carbon fibers and PF fibers are noted as two resin-based fibers that are not
744:
Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers have some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.
1351:. Radar chaff is actually a spool of continuous glass tow that has been aluminum coated. An aircraft-mounted high speed cutter chops it up as it spews from a moving aircraft to confuse radar signals.
3473:
1038:(polyester), which the chemist synthesizes from low-molecular weight compounds by polymerization (chain-building) reactions. The earliest semi-synthetic fiber is the cellulose regenerated fiber,
1180:. The pyrolysis yields an amorphous silicon carbide, including mostly other elements like oxygen, titanium, or aluminium, but with mechanical properties very similar to those of carbon fibers.
733:
substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example
3536:
840:
or sulfite pulps. Kraft and sulfite refer to the type of pulping process used to remove the lignin bonding the original wood structure, thus freeing the fibers for use in paper and
759:
Natural fibers develop or occur in the fiber shape, and include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They can be classified according to their origin:
3478:
2193:
3483:
3614:
3184:
1317:
1142:
can be drawn from ductile metals such as copper, gold or silver and extruded or deposited from more brittle ones, such as nickel, aluminum or iron.
738:
592:
588:
2158:
686:
3276:
2536:
2512:
2487:
2446:
2414:
2265:
2102:
The tables above just show typical properties of fibers, in fact there are more properties which could be referred as follows (from a to z):
958:, consist largely of biologically relevant and biologically very important proteins, in which mutations or other genetic defects can lead to
2381:
Serope
Kalpakjian, Steven R Schmid. "Manufacturing Engineering and Technology". International edition. 4th Ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. 2001.
3677:
2595:
2466:
2386:
501:
124:
2125:
Transition
Temperature, Elongation at Break, Elongation at Yield, Fire Resistance, Flexibility, Gamma Radiation Resistance, Gloss,
1100:
Historically, cellulose diacetate and -triacetate were classified under the term rayon, but are now considered distinct materials.
3516:
3446:
2720:
2315:
1030:
structure and are only modified and partially degraded by chemical processes, in contrast to completely synthetic fibers such as
3466:
636:
2586:
Sain, M. (2014). "The use of sugarcane bagasse fibres as reinforcements in composites". In Faruk, Omar; Sain, Mohini (eds.).
62:
3593:
2154:
3651:
1376:
1372:
1348:
2611:
Narayanan, Venkateshwaran (2012). "Mechanical and Water
Absorption Properties of Woven Jute/Banana Hybrid Composites".
2234:
2134:
679:
105:
3641:
3269:
2406:
77:
51:
2142:
3672:
3667:
2282:
2173:
1310:
thermally degrade at high temperatures and do not melt. These fibers have strong bonding between polymer chains
1242:
sources) rather than arising from natural materials by a purely physical process. These fibers are made from:
84:
3609:
672:
58:
20:
2641:
K. Murali Mohan, Rao (2007). "Tensile
Properties of Elephant grass fiber reinforced polymer Composites".
3636:
3404:
3262:
1225:
Mineral fibers can be particularly strong because they are formed with a low number of surface defects;
91:
2364:
1176:
but polymers, where about 50% of the carbon atoms are replaced by silicon atoms, so-called poly-carbo-
3071:
3033:
2713:
2338:
2307:
1238:
Polymer fibers are a subset of artificial fibers, which are based on synthetic chemicals (often from
1093:
431:
3451:
3399:
3046:
2929:
1088:
443:
73:
3719:
3588:
3566:
3556:
3243:
2146:
1016:
648:
2671:
2162:
1121:, unlike those artificial fibers derived from such natural substances as cellulose or protein.
3724:
3646:
3581:
3576:
3531:
3041:
3010:
2831:
2591:
2532:
2508:
2483:
2462:
2442:
2410:
2382:
2261:
2110:
1158:
438:
411:
351:
3631:
3546:
3499:
3409:
2650:
2620:
2461:
Hans-J. Koslowski. "Man-Made Fibers
Dictionary". Second edition. Deutscher Fachverlag. 2009
2346:
2289:
2188:
2126:
955:
951:
912:
3714:
3695:
3541:
3456:
3233:
3056:
3018:
2811:
2706:
2688:
1210:
1169:
1114:
1109:
1083:
1050:
971:
841:
833:
779:
718:
659:
476:
453:
418:
336:
299:
2342:
3561:
3504:
3461:
3354:
3104:
2764:
2106:
1658:
1381:
1150:
1139:
1134:
704:
513:
402:
264:
155:
832:, distinguished from vegetable fiber, is from tree sources. Forms include groundwood,
643:
3708:
3551:
3509:
3364:
3122:
3094:
3081:
2979:
2894:
2737:
2555:
2257:
2208:
2178:
1995:
1902:
1289:
1276:
1239:
1198:
1118:
1012:
into a fabric. Artificial fibers consist of regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers.
932:
896:
882:
837:
823:
754:
734:
529:
496:
484:
384:
199:
163:
27:
3624:
3285:
3179:
3169:
3099:
2874:
2866:
2026:
1333:
1313:
1284:
1271:
1258:
1214:
1206:
1058:
1009:
944:
940:
851:
583:
573:
508:
179:
172:
98:
2531:. United States of America: Portland Cement Association. 2018. pp. 237–247.
2400:
3299:
3089:
2954:
2939:
2879:
2836:
2769:
2198:
2122:
1400:
1339:
1173:
983:
979:
924:
890:
862:
491:
356:
254:
239:
184:
40:
3389:
3359:
3349:
3319:
3159:
3154:
3061:
3023:
2889:
2856:
2821:
2746:
2654:
2624:
2183:
1364:
1194:
936:
908:
845:
829:
763:
563:
558:
463:
371:
282:
194:
2572:
2402:
The new science of strong materials, or, Why you don't fall through the floor
2329:
Kauffman, George B. (1993). "Rayon: the first semi-synthetic fiber product".
3690:
3619:
3369:
3174:
2969:
2904:
2150:
2138:
2118:
1964:
1392:
1323:
1280:
1252:
1154:
1054:
1026:
Semi-synthetic fibers are made from raw materials with naturally long-chain
928:
916:
767:
578:
209:
2964:
2293:
1403:, show smaller fibrils jutting out and away from the main fiber structure.
16:
Natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide
3379:
3339:
3304:
3142:
2987:
2754:
2229:
2130:
1385:
1368:
1226:
1005:
963:
959:
900:
878:
855:
547:
391:
289:
229:
1057:. The cellulose comes from various sources: rayon from tree wood fiber,
3429:
3414:
3324:
3309:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3051:
2909:
2826:
2759:
2114:
1583:
1532:
1327:
1077:
1062:
1027:
967:
920:
904:
819:
807:
795:
699:
604:
599:
448:
346:
294:
214:
2350:
3524:
3394:
3374:
3314:
3206:
3137:
3132:
3127:
2949:
2934:
2924:
2899:
2884:
2846:
2779:
2095:
b N/A means properties not readily available or not applicable
2093:
a Adapted from ACI 544. IR-96 P40, reference P240, P209 and
1933:
1840:
1685:
b N/A means properties not readily available or not applicable
1608:
1396:
1391:
Very short and/or irregular fibers have been called fibrils. Natural
1303:
1299:
1295:
1265:
1202:
1177:
1035:
886:
870:
811:
775:
771:
609:
543:
539:
534:
309:
249:
234:
224:
204:
189:
2288:. PhD Thesis, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I. pp. 1–221.
1330:
although urethane fibers are starting to replace spandex technology.
1371:
refer to sub-denier fiber (such as polyester drawn to 0.5 denier).
1205:, are also artificial fibers that come from natural raw materials,
3211:
3164:
3147:
3066:
2919:
2851:
2841:
2816:
2794:
2784:
1871:
1809:
1778:
1557:
1307:
1246:
1189:
1072:
1039:
1031:
987:
975:
866:
815:
803:
799:
791:
698:
614:
568:
551:
458:
366:
361:
341:
319:
219:
907:
fiber. Six minerals have been classified as "asbestos" including
3419:
3384:
3344:
3329:
2959:
2944:
2914:
2806:
2801:
2789:
2774:
2203:
1633:
991:
874:
858:
787:
783:
331:
326:
314:
304:
259:
244:
3258:
3254:
2702:
1042:. Most semi-synthetic fibers are cellulose regenerated fibers.
1683:
a Adapted from ACI 544. IR-96 P58, reference P240 and
269:
34:
3474:
Textile manufacture during the
British Industrial Revolution
3428:
1053:
are a subset of artificial fibers, regenerated from natural
2529:
Design and
Control of Concrete Mixtures". Sixteenth Edition
836:, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and bleached or unbleached
2698:
893:, fur such as sheepskin, rabbit, mink, fox, beaver, etc.
1416:
Table 1. Typical
Properties of Selected Natural Fibers
854:
consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are
2507:. Great Britain: Bulter and Tanner Ltd. p. 209.
903:
group. Asbestos is the only naturally occurring long
3660:
3602:
3492:
3439:
3292:
3113:
3080:
3032:
3009:
3000:
2978:
2865:
2745:
2736:
65:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1696:Table 2. Properties of Selected Artificial Fibers
814:. Plant fibers are employed in the manufacture of
3479:Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods
2505:Polymers and Polymer Composites in Construction
1117:come entirely from synthetic materials such as
2588:Biofiber Reinforcements in Composite Materials
2441:(10th ed.). Fairchild Books. p. 51.
1316:(PE), eventually with extremely long chains /
3270:
2714:
2556:"Polymer Properties – Omexus by Special Chem"
1161:, but the end product is almost pure carbon.
826:is an important component of human nutrition.
680:
8:
3484:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
19:"Fibre" redirects here. For other uses, see
3277:
3263:
3255:
3006:
2742:
2721:
2707:
2699:
687:
673:
138:
2399:James Edward Gordon; Philip Ball (2006).
1172:fibers, where the basic polymers are not
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
1694:
1414:
739:ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
2220:
766:are generally based on arrangements of
527:
489:
401:
162:
146:
1068:Some examples of this fiber type are:
730:
2666:
2664:
2636:
2634:
2590:. Elsevier Science & Technology.
2567:
2565:
2550:
2548:
2371:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013.
1407:Typical properties of selected fibers
939:. Short, fiber-like minerals include
7:
3239:
2247:
2245:
1153:are often based on oxidized and via
63:adding citations to reliable sources
3114:
2689:"Carbon Fiber – Americans Elements"
726:
637:Agriculture and agronomy portal
522:
3537:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2480:Rheology of Filled Polymer Systems
2113:, Continuous Service Temperature,
14:
2437:Cohen, Allen (11 November 2011).
950:Biological fibers, also known as
915:class and those belonging to the
3689:
3238:
3229:
3228:
1197:, made from specific glass, and
654:
653:
642:
630:
154:
39:
2194:Fibers in Differential Geometry
1264:polyvinyl chloride fiber (PVC)
50:needs additional citations for
2573:"Sisal Fiber – World of Sisal"
2482:. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
2439:J. J. Pizzuto's Fabric Science
2157:, UV Light Resistance, Volume
1:
3001:
2672:"Metallic Materials – TEADIT"
2331:Journal of Chemical Education
2316:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
1201:, made from purified natural
3615:Conservation and restoration
2643:Journal of Materials Science
2127:Glass Transition Temperature
1292:, most others can be melted.
1283:PAN fibers are used to make
1046:Cellulose regenerated fibers
3678:Textile manufacturing terms
2235:Online Etymology Dictionary
2135:Heat Deflection Temperature
26:For fiber in the diet, see
3741:
3642:Mathematics and fiber arts
2407:Princeton University Press
2281:Saad, Mohamed (Oct 1994).
1320:(e.g. Dyneema or Spectra).
1187:
1132:
1107:
1061:from bamboo, seacell from
1014:
752:
25:
18:
3686:
3426:
3224:
2655:10.1007/s10853-006-0657-8
2625:10.1007/s12221-012-0907-0
2143:Ultimate tensile strength
2092:
1727:Elasticity Modulus
1682:
1217:made from melted basalt.
1157:carbonized polymers like
982:and many others, such as
2174:Ceramic matrix composite
2109:, Coefficient of Linear
1270:polyolefins (PP and PE)
1125:is between 200 and 500.
962:. Instances include the
2369:Encyclopædia Britannica
2312:Encyclopædia Britannica
1326:can even be used, e.g.
1190:Glass § Fibreglass
3433:
2478:Shenoy, Aroon (1999).
2294:10.13140/2.1.4776.7844
2252:Kadolph, Sara (2002).
1722:Tensile Strength (Ksi)
722:
707:
649:Engineering portal
21:Fiber (disambiguation)
3517:Australian Aboriginal
3447:Clothing and textiles
3432:
2503:Hollaway, C. (1990).
1165:Silicon carbide fiber
1022:Semi-synthetic fibers
978:, cell proteins like
702:
432:Semi-synthetic fibers
3652:Units of measurement
2161:, Water absorption,
966:family of proteins,
59:improve this article
3696:Clothing portal
3493:Regional and ethnic
3467:Indian subcontinent
2613:Fibers and Polymers
2343:1993JChEd..70..887K
2115:Density of Plastics
1737:Elongation at Break
1697:
1462:Elongation at Break
1417:
774:: examples include
142:Part of a series on
3625:wearable fiber art
3434:
2147:Thermal Insulation
2033: High
1695:
1415:
1298:(aramids) such as
1296:aromatic polyamids
1213:(water glass) and
1080:, a brand of rayon
1017:fiber modification
708:
412:Regenerated fibers
3702:
3701:
3252:
3251:
3220:
3219:
2996:
2995:
2538:978-0-89312-277-5
2514:978-0-7277-1521-0
2489:978-0-412-83100-3
2448:978-1-60901-380-6
2416:978-0-691-12548-0
2365:"synthetic fibre"
2351:10.1021/ed070p887
2267:978-0-13-025443-6
2228:Harper, Douglas.
2111:Thermal Expansion
2100:
2099:
2030: Low
1690:
1689:
1279:polyesters, pure
1229:is a common one.
999:Artificial fibers
956:protein filaments
881:and hair such as
844:products such as
697:
696:
596:
555:
505:
403:Human-made fibers
323:
135:
134:
127:
109:
3732:
3694:
3693:
3410:Textile printing
3279:
3272:
3265:
3256:
3242:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3007:
2743:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2700:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2649:(9, 3266–3272).
2638:
2629:
2628:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2475:
2469:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2396:
2390:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2308:"man-made fibre"
2304:
2298:
2297:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2225:
2189:Fiber simulation
2105:Arc Resistance,
1747:Water Absorption
1717:Specific Gravity
1698:
1472:Water Absorption
1442:Tensile Strength
1437:Specific Gravity
1418:
1104:Synthetic fibers
1094:triacetate fiber
1051:Cellulose fibers
952:fibrous proteins
764:Vegetable fibers
689:
682:
675:
660:Category: Fibers
657:
656:
647:
646:
635:
634:
633:
586:
537:
499:
477:Synthetic fibers
317:
158:
139:
130:
123:
119:
116:
110:
108:
67:
43:
35:
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3735:
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3729:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3688:
3682:
3656:
3598:
3488:
3435:
3424:
3288:
3283:
3253:
3248:
3216:
3109:
3076:
3028:
3019:Artificial silk
2992:
2974:
2861:
2732:
2727:
2697:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2640:
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2610:
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2598:
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2527:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2477:
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2460:
2456:
2449:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2417:
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2393:
2380:
2376:
2363:
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2358:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2170:
2163:Young's Modulus
1767:Maximum Working
1711:(0.001 in)
1692:
1452:Elastic Modulus
1409:
1358:
1235:
1223:
1211:sodium silicate
1192:
1186:
1170:Silicon carbide
1167:
1148:
1140:Metallic fibers
1137:
1131:
1129:Metallic fibers
1112:
1110:Synthetic fiber
1106:
1089:diacetate fiber
1048:
1034:(polyamide) or
1024:
1019:
1001:
972:muscle proteins
960:severe diseases
842:engineered wood
757:
751:
719:British English
693:
664:
641:
631:
629:
621:
620:
619:
526:
525:
518:
488:
487:
479:
469:
468:
434:
424:
423:
419:Artificial silk
414:
397:
396:
387:
377:
376:
285:
275:
274:
175:
131:
120:
114:
111:
68:
66:
56:
44:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3738:
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3722:
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3707:
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3644:
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3627:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3440:History of ...
3437:
3436:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3236:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3034:Semi-synthetic
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2694:
2680:
2660:
2630:
2619:(7, 907–914).
2603:
2596:
2578:
2561:
2544:
2537:
2520:
2513:
2495:
2488:
2470:
2454:
2447:
2429:
2415:
2391:
2374:
2356:
2321:
2299:
2273:
2266:
2241:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2035:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1854:33,400-55,100
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:10,400-11,600
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1707:Fiber Diameter
1704:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1659:Elephant grass
1655:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1434:
1427:Fiber Diameter
1424:
1408:
1405:
1382:thermoplastics
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1321:
1311:
1293:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1255:
1249:
1234:
1233:Polymer fibers
1231:
1222:
1221:Mineral fibers
1219:
1185:
1182:
1166:
1163:
1147:
1144:
1135:Metallic fiber
1133:Main article:
1130:
1127:
1119:petrochemicals
1108:Main article:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1047:
1044:
1023:
1020:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
948:
897:Mineral fibers
894:
849:
827:
753:Main article:
750:
749:Natural fibers
747:
721:; from Latin:
705:optical fibers
695:
694:
692:
691:
684:
677:
669:
666:
665:
663:
662:
651:
639:
626:
623:
622:
618:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
532:
521:
520:
519:
517:
516:
511:
506:
494:
483:
482:
481:
480:
475:
474:
471:
470:
467:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
435:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
415:
410:
409:
406:
405:
399:
398:
395:
394:
388:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
286:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
176:
171:
170:
167:
166:
164:Natural fibers
160:
159:
151:
150:
144:
143:
133:
132:
47:
45:
38:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3737:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3697:
3692:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3637:Manufacturing
3635:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:Passementerie
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3245:
3237:
3235:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2597:9781782421221
2593:
2589:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2467:3-86641-163-4
2464:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2387:0-13-017440-8
2384:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2258:Prentice Hall
2255:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2214:
2210:
2209:Optical fiber
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:Dietary fiber
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2137:, Shrinkage,
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2107:Biodegradable
2103:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:Polypropylene
1994:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1947:9,000-17,000
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:Melting Point
1755:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1485:(Kraft Pulp)
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1290:thermoplastic
1286:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:petrochemical
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:optical fiber
1196:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:Carbon fibers
1145:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
998:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:anthophyllite
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
895:
892:
888:
884:
883:cashmere wool
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
857:
853:
852:Animal fibers
850:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
828:
825:
824:dietary fiber
822:(cloth), and
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:, often with
769:
765:
762:
761:
760:
756:
755:Natural fiber
748:
746:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
706:
701:
690:
685:
683:
678:
676:
671:
670:
668:
667:
661:
652:
650:
645:
640:
638:
628:
627:
625:
624:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
594:
590:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
533:
531:
528:
524:
515:
512:
510:
507:
503:
498:
495:
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76: –
75:
71:
70:Find sources:
64:
60:
54:
53:
48:This article
46:
42:
37:
36:
33:
29:
28:Dietary fiber
22:
3673:Sewing terms
3668:Dyeing terms
3334:
3293:Fundamentals
3286:Textile arts
3180:Polyethylene
2729:
2683:
2646:
2642:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2587:
2581:
2528:
2523:
2504:
2498:
2479:
2473:
2457:
2438:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2401:
2394:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2311:
2302:
2283:
2276:
2253:
2233:
2223:
2199:Molded fiber
2155:Transparency
2104:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2032:
2029:
2027:Polyethylene
1916:2,500-2,800
1770:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1691:
1684:
1663:0.003-0.016
1638:0.004-0.008
1613:0.002-0.016
1588:0.008-0.016
1562:0.008-0.016
1537:0.004-0.016
1489:0.001-0.003
1484:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1410:
1399:or bleached
1390:
1363:
1359:
1334:polyurethane
1314:polyethylene
1285:carbon fiber
1272:olefin fiber
1259:formaldehyde
1224:
1215:basalt fiber
1209:, made from
1207:silica fiber
1193:
1174:hydrocarbons
1168:
1149:
1146:Carbon fiber
1138:
1123:
1113:
1099:
1067:
1059:bamboo fiber
1049:
1025:
1002:
980:microtubules
945:palygorskite
941:wollastonite
899:include the
758:
743:
735:carbon fiber
714:
710:
709:
703:A bundle of
584:Polyethylene
147:
136:
121:
112:
102:
95:
88:
81:
69:
57:Please help
52:verification
49:
32:
3573:Indonesian
3355:Nålebinding
3011:Regenerated
2955:Spider silk
2337:(11): 887.
2204:Nerve fiber
2159:Resistivity
1582:Sugar Cane
1483:Wood Fiber
1365:Microfibers
1356:Microfibers
1349:radar chaff
1340:Elastolefin
1251:PET or PBT
984:spider silk
925:crocidolite
863:spider silk
255:Spider silk
3709:Categories
3661:Glossaries
3390:Rug making
3360:Needlework
3320:Embroidery
3160:Modacrylic
3155:Microfiber
3072:Triacetate
3024:Milk fiber
2890:Camel hair
2822:Lotus silk
2422:28 October
2215:References
2184:Fiber crop
1941:1.38-1.45
1910:1.14-1.18
1863:3652-3697
1702:Fiber type
1647:3770-4640
1644:36.3-50.8
1641:1.02-1.04
1622:4780-5800
1619:50.8-72.5
1597:2175-2750
1571:1880-3770
1546:2750-3770
1540:1.12-1.15
1498:1500-5800
1422:Fiber type
1395:, such as
1324:Elastomers
1245:polyamide
1195:Fiberglass
1188:See also:
1184:Fiberglass
1015:See also:
937:actinolite
913:serpentine
909:chrysotile
846:fiberboard
830:Wood fiber
731:artificial
564:Modacrylic
559:Microfiber
464:Triacetate
195:Camel hair
115:April 2009
85:newspapers
3720:Materials
3647:Recycling
3620:Fiber art
3462:Byzantine
3370:Patchwork
3175:Polyester
3047:Diacetate
3002:Synthetic
2905:Chiengora
2151:Toughness
2139:Stiffness
2037:1.0-40.0
1965:Polyester
1845:0.3-0.35
1771:Temp (°C)
1393:cellulose
1281:polyester
1253:polyester
1155:pyrolysis
1115:Synthetic
1055:cellulose
929:tremolite
917:amphibole
768:cellulose
579:Polyester
444:Diacetate
210:Chiengora
3725:Textiles
3632:Industry
3610:Blocking
3577:Balinese
3521:Burmese
3452:Quilting
3400:Spinning
3380:Quilting
3340:Knitting
3305:Beadwork
3300:Appliqué
3234:Category
3143:Technora
3105:Metallic
2988:Asbestos
2930:Pashmina
2895:Cashmere
2285:modeling
2254:Textiles
2168:See also
2131:Hardness
2009:500-750
2000:0.8-8.0
1969:0.4-3.0
1953:1.2-4.3
1944:300-450
1938:0.4-0.5
1922:1.0-2.5
1907:0.2-0.7
1903:Acrylics
1894:220-265
1891:2.8-5.0
1857:0.5-1.5
1851:260-380
1820:220-580
1814:0.3-0.8
1795:0.5-3.5
1650:1.5-1.9
1594:26.7-42
1591:1.2-1.3
1568:40-82.4
1552:130-180
1543:17.4-29
1509:Musamba
1386:trilobal
1369:textiles
1227:asbestos
964:collagen
901:asbestos
879:sea silk
856:silkworm
834:lacebark
548:Technora
514:Metallic
392:Asbestos
230:Pashmina
200:Cashmere
3603:Related
3567:Oaxacan
3557:Mexican
3547:Mapuche
3500:African
3415:Weaving
3350:Macramé
3330:Felting
3310:Crochet
3244:Commons
3202:Vinylon
3197:Vectran
3192:Spandex
3123:Acrylic
3115:Polymer
3082:Mineral
3062:Piñatex
3052:Lyocell
3042:Acetate
2980:Mineral
2910:Guanaco
2760:Bagasse
2738:Natural
2339:Bibcode
2230:"fiber"
2123:Brittle
2119:Ductile
2006:65-100
1975:40-170
1956:Decomp
1925:Decomp
1913:39-145
1792:30,000
1789:70-380
1584:Bagasse
1533:Coconut
1495:51-290
1328:spandex
1277:acrylic
1257:phenol-
1178:silanes
1078:Lyocell
1063:seaweed
1028:polymer
968:tendons
921:amosite
919:class:
911:of the
905:mineral
820:textile
808:bagasse
727:natural
725:) is a
605:Vinylon
600:Spandex
593:Spectra
589:Dyneema
530:Acrylic
523:Polymer
485:Mineral
449:Lyocell
439:Acetate
385:Mineral
295:Bagasse
215:Guanaco
99:scholar
74:"Fiber"
3715:Fibers
3589:Korean
3562:Navajo
3542:Andean
3525:Acheik
3405:Stitch
3395:Sewing
3375:Plying
3325:Fabric
3315:Dyeing
3207:Vinyon
3185:UHMWPE
3170:Olefin
3138:Kevlar
3133:Twaron
3128:Aramid
3100:Basalt
3095:Carbon
2965:Vicuña
2950:Tendon
2940:Rabbit
2935:Qiviut
2925:Mohair
2900:Catgut
2885:Byssus
2880:Angora
2875:Alpaca
2867:Animal
2847:Rattan
2837:Raffia
2780:Cotton
2765:Bamboo
2730:Fibers
2594:
2535:
2511:
2486:
2465:
2445:
2413:
2385:
2264:
2063:20-30
2060:25-50
2052:50-71
2049:11-17
2012:10-20
1978:2,500
1934:Aramid
1919:20-40
1888:20-30
1841:Carbon
1666:0.818
1653:28.64
1628:40-45
1609:Bamboo
1603:70-75
1577:60-70
1549:10-25
1504:50-75
1397:cotton
1373:Denier
1304:Kevlar
1300:Twaron
1266:vinyon
1203:quartz
1036:dacron
990:, and
891:angora
887:mohair
871:catgut
812:banana
810:, and
776:cotton
772:lignin
658:
610:Vinyon
574:Olefin
544:Kevlar
540:Twaron
535:Aramid
509:Basalt
497:Carbon
357:Raffia
310:Cotton
300:Bamboo
265:Vicuña
240:Rabbit
235:Qiviut
225:Mohair
205:Catgut
190:Byssus
185:Angora
180:Alpaca
173:Animal
101:
94:
87:
80:
72:
3594:Māori
3582:Sumba
3532:Hmong
3505:Kongo
3335:Fiber
3212:Zylon
3165:Nylon
3148:Nomex
3090:Glass
3067:Rayon
3057:Modal
2920:Llama
2852:Sisal
2842:Ramie
2817:Kenaf
2812:Kapok
2795:Linen
2785:Fique
2770:Bashō
2755:Abacá
2747:Plant
2675:(PDF)
2318:2013.
2044:0.95
2041:0.92
1981:8-30
1972:1.38
1950:2-12
1879:1.14
1872:Nylon
1848:0.90
1835:1000
1832:1300
1810:Glass
1801:1370
1783:4-40
1779:Steel
1731:(Ksi)
1678:N/Ab
1669:25.8
1565:1.45
1558:Sisal
1456:(Ksi)
1446:(Ksi)
1401:kraft
1336:fiber
1308:Nomex
1247:nylon
1084:Modal
1073:rayon
1040:rayon
1032:nylon
1010:woven
988:sinew
976:actin
974:like
867:sinew
838:kraft
816:paper
804:sisal
800:ramie
792:abaca
723:fibra
715:fibre
711:Fiber
615:Zylon
569:Nylon
552:Nomex
502:Tenax
492:Glass
459:Rayon
454:Modal
367:Sisal
362:Ramie
342:Kenaf
337:Kapok
320:Linen
290:Abacá
283:Plant
250:Sinew
220:Llama
148:Fiber
106:JSTOR
92:books
3552:Maya
3510:Kuba
3457:Silk
3420:Yarn
3385:Rope
3345:Lace
2960:Wool
2945:Silk
2915:Hair
2857:Wood
2832:Pine
2827:Piña
2807:Jute
2802:Hemp
2790:Flax
2775:Coir
2592:ISBN
2533:ISBN
2509:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2463:ISBN
2443:ISBN
2424:2011
2411:ISBN
2383:ISBN
2262:ISBN
2079:135
2076:110
2071:nil
2068:nil
2056:725
2021:100
2018:165
2015:nil
2003:0.9
1990:170
1987:260
1984:0.4
1959:450
1928:180
1897:199
1885:750
1882:140
1876:0.9
1866:N/A
1860:nil
1829:N/A
1826:2-4
1817:2.5
1804:760
1798:nil
1786:7.8
1761:(°C)
1675:3.6
1672:710
1634:Jute
1625:N/A
1616:1.5
1600:1.1
1574:3-5
1527:N/A
1524:9.7
1521:130
1515:N/A
1512:N/A
1501:N/A
1492:1.5
1431:(in)
1377:Dtex
1375:and
1318:HMPE
1306:and
1261:(PF)
1006:knit
992:hair
943:and
935:and
889:and
875:wool
859:silk
818:and
796:piña
788:flax
784:jute
780:hemp
737:and
372:Wood
352:Pine
347:Piña
332:Jute
327:Hemp
315:Flax
305:Coir
260:Wool
245:Silk
78:news
2970:Yak
2651:doi
2621:doi
2347:doi
2290:doi
2087:65
2084:55
1751:(%)
1741:(%)
1518:12
1476:(%)
1466:(%)
1367:in
1159:PAN
1008:or
954:or
729:or
713:or
270:Yak
61:by
3711::
2663:^
2647:42
2645:.
2633:^
2617:13
2615:.
2564:^
2547:^
2409:.
2405:.
2367:.
2345:.
2335:70
2333:.
2314:.
2310:.
2260:.
2256:.
2244:^
2232:.
2153:,
2149:,
2145:,
2141:,
2133:,
2129:,
2121:/
2117:,
1302:,
986:,
970:,
931:,
927:,
923:,
885:,
877:,
873:,
869:,
865:,
861:,
806:,
802:,
798:,
794:,
790:,
786:,
782:,
778:,
741:.
591:,
550:,
546:,
542:,
3278:e
3271:t
3264:v
2722:e
2715:t
2708:v
2691:.
2677:.
2657:.
2653::
2627:.
2623::
2600:.
2575:.
2558:.
2541:.
2517:.
2492:.
2451:.
2426:.
2389:.
2353:.
2349::
2341::
2296:.
2292::
2270:.
2238:.
1096:.
994:.
947:.
848:.
717:(
688:e
681:t
674:v
595:)
587:(
554:)
538:(
504:)
500:(
322:)
318:(
128:)
122:(
117:)
113:(
103:·
96:·
89:·
82:·
55:.
30:.
23:.
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