375:
363:
309:
3573:
345:
333:
321:
297:
887:
Graneros Shale, the "old Benton" shales are the widest durable remnant of the
Western Interior Seaway. Older literature may use the term Colorado Group in this extent, but several states outside of Colorado no longer use the term in current publications; nevertheless, the evidence of correlated seaway sequences and fossil patterns remains, regardless of current names.
886:
age are distributed throughout much of the former extent of the
Western Interior Seaway, including broadly from Arizona, to Iowa and Alberta. The Greenhorn-Carlile contact represents the maximum extent of the seaway of that sequence, perhaps of the entire time of the seaway; and, so, coupled with the
2012:
Regarding the inclusion of all
Cretaceous rocks in Russell County within the Colorado Group, Hattin (personal communication) suggests that the term Colorado Group be discontinued because the units are too lithologically diverse to be included within one group. As a result, the term Colorado Group is
610:, Gilbert correctly theorized that the reason for these peculiar rhythmites was periodic astronomical solar forcing, and that these rhythms were absent in the Pierre only because there was no source of carbonate in the Pierre environment. His theory was confirmed with recognitions that
1788:
Later, Hayden (1876, p. 45) coined the term "Colorado Group" for No. 2 (Fort Benton), No. 3 (Niobrara), and No.4 (Pierre) of Hall and Meek's
Nebraska section. The Colorado Group was restricted by White (1878, p. 21) to units No. 2 and No. 3 and has remained thus defined to the
1692:"Descriptions of new Lower Silurian, (Primordial), Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary fossils, collected in Nebraska, by the exploring expedition under the command of Capt. Wm F. Reynolds, U.S. Top. Engineers, with some remarks on the rocks from which they were obtained"
890:
From Iowa to
Arizona, the lithology is remarkably consistent and the bentonites and rhythmic chalk beds of the upper Greenhorn especially are geologic events that can be traced over that distance. Beyond the historic western extent of the Colorado Group usage into the
3639:
2384:
Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of
Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba, p. 1052. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM.
2262:
Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of
Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba, p. 452. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM.
1320:
correlations, is divided into an upper part which is calcareous, and a lower part, which is non-calcareous. The sub-units are defined at the base of two regional markers, called First and Second White
Speckled Shale characterized by
2099:
Maximum transgression (Fig. 22) is represented by relatively pure pelagic carbonates of the
Jetmore and Pfeifer Members of the Greenhorn; for this reason the sequence was named Greenhorn cyclothem by Hattin (1962, p.
605:
observed that of Meek and Hayden's five
Cretaceous units, only the Benton and Niobrara (incidentally the Colorado Group) were chalky; moreover, the chalkiness was expressed as curiously rhythmic bedding. A well-known
3634:
1925:
The complex bedding pattern observed in the Bridge Creek Limestone is interpreted to result from the competing influences of different orbital cycles expressed through different pathways of the depositional system
3644:
614:
can be expressed in conditions of total global absence of glaciers. Gilbert subsequently replaced the Benton with five formations based on the changes he observed in the chalkiness; non-chalky
660:
advised that the Colorado Group should not be used in Kansas because he considered its units to be "too lithologically diverse"; yet, Colorado Group remains listed in the geologic succession in Kansas.
593: During the last decade of the 19th Century, Cretaceous rocks in Colorado and western Kansas were a focus of considerable study. The Benton and Niobrara were particularly associated in the
3609:
3649:
2538:
473:. As the geology of this seaway was studied, this name came to be used in states beyond Colorado but later was replaced in several of these states with more localized names.
918:. The sediments of the Colorado group exceed 1,000 metres (3,280 ft) in thickness in central Alberta. In central Saskatchewan, it thins to 150 metres (490 ft).
4109:
4104:
2113:
3602:
2553:
2077:
2593:
1672:(Bulletin 847). U.S. Government Printing Office: 246–247 – via United States Department of the Interior, Geology Survey. Contributions to Economic Geology.
2508:
4084:
1820:
During the last decade of the 19th Century, considerable attention was focused upon the classification and description of Cretaceous rocks in western Kansas.
4089:
3626:
3595:
895:, the chalky beds of the group can be identified and are named accordingly, e.g, Smoky Hill, Fort Hays, Bridge Creek, Greenhorn. However, northwest of the
2114:"Paleocirculation and foraminiferal assemblages of the Cenomanian–Turonian Bridge Creek Limestone bedding couplets: Productivity vs. dilution during OAE2"
2568:
2668:
1741:
are sawed into blocks, and employed in the construction of buildings. ... About eight miles west of Hays City there are about 60 feet exposed, of the
4074:
2648:
2052:
1800:
White, C. A., 1878, Report on the geology of a portion of northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territories, Ann. Rept, 10, p. 5-60.
1724:. House Documents, otherwise Publ. as Executive Documents United States. Congress. House. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 66–69
2633:
2603:
580:
However, by 1878, C. A. White restricted the Colorado Group to the Benton and Niobrara, which are the formations found within the
4124:
4099:
3470:
2653:
2588:
2404:
2360:
2334:
2308:
2282:
1061:
United States sub-unit classifications have generally derived from the related Colorado and Kansas classifications, from top to bottom:
4119:
4114:
4079:
2613:
1625:
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of the Type Area, Western Kansas
2749:
2578:
2573:
2493:
2447:
462:
2249:
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 209
2094:
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 209
3548:
3528:
2523:
2390:
2268:
3618:
3706:
2147:
477:
2827:
2638:
2628:
2563:
2097:. University of Kansas Publications, State Geological Survey of Kansas. p. Depositional Environment and Paleoecology.
1900:"Evidence for Milankovitch periodicities in Cenomanian-Turonian lithologic and geochemical cycles, Western Interior U.S.A."
3696:
3195:
3137:
2643:
2513:
2252:. University of Kansas Publications, State Geological Survey of Kansas. p. Stratigraphy of the Greenhorn Limestone.
1002:
492:
where the unit is composed of little more than shale with no distinctive structures (such as in north-central Montana).
4094:
3523:
3450:
3430:
3410:
3405:
3325:
3305:
3077:
2952:
2583:
2195:
2168:
1850:
1492:
1329:
165:
3760:
3518:
3355:
3295:
3160:
2932:
2832:
2663:
2658:
2623:
2618:
2503:
1734:
1713:
1691:
1687:
1372:
1117:
990:
676:
632:
506:
410:
185:
3921:
3435:
3425:
3420:
3385:
3360:
3310:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3260:
3205:
3190:
3155:
3027:
2892:
1760:
Hague, A. and Emmons, S.E., 1877. Descriptive geology. U.S. geological exploration of the fortieth parallel, v.2.
827:
The Canadian distribution presents with more sandstone. The lower part includes the following sandstone members:
2182:
Consists of Niobrara Formation (Kn) and either Benton Shale or Carlile, Greenhorn, and Graneros Formation (Kcg)
3701:
3553:
3508:
3395:
3345:
3330:
3320:
3290:
3255:
3245:
3235:
3230:
3210:
3200:
3185:
3175:
3150:
2942:
2719:
2598:
2488:
2223:
2140:"Regional stratigraphic cross sections of Cretaceous rocks from east-central Arizona to the Oklahoma Panhandle"
2031:
1776:
Stratigraphy of the Graneros Shale (Upper Cretaceous) in Central Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 178
1628:
1070:
899:
where western sediment sources are more dominant, altering the lithology, these names have less current use.
581:
438:
3916:
3445:
3440:
3400:
3390:
3365:
3350:
3265:
3250:
3215:
3117:
2967:
2852:
2837:
2807:
2724:
649:
470:
4038:
3543:
3503:
3415:
3375:
3370:
3335:
3300:
3270:
3240:
3220:
3145:
2902:
2822:
2812:
2608:
2533:
2440:
1841:
1683:
1396:
844:
781:
671:
539:
502:
274:
181:
31:
1722:
Final Reports of the United States Geological Survey of Nebraska and Portions of the Adjacent Territories
4043:
3816:
3777:
3533:
3488:
3460:
3455:
3380:
3340:
3315:
3170:
3165:
3112:
3107:
3032:
2912:
2907:
2528:
2518:
1718:"IX. Sketch of the geological formations along the route of the Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division"
1030:
896:
173:
971:
229:
3956:
3926:
3865:
3180:
3102:
3062:
3042:
3017:
2992:
2817:
2802:
2792:
2777:
2729:
2714:
2684:
2548:
2408:
2364:
2338:
2312:
2286:
2056:
1854:
1666:"Geology and Mineral resources of North-Central Chouteau, Western Hill, and Eastern Liberty Counties"
434:
207:
127:
2138:
Molenaar, C.M.; Cobban, W.A.; Merewether, E.A.; Pillmore, C.L.; Wolfe, D.G.; Holbrook, J.M. (2002).
3007:
3002:
2997:
2977:
2882:
2877:
2704:
2543:
2498:
2480:
1225:
1207:
998:
710:
656:. However, in the 21st Century, some states, such as Wyoming and Montana, are abandoning the term.
620:
611:
530:
145:
2247:
2217:
2170:
Corridor Assessment Report Appendix F. Geological Hazard Assessment Santa Fe Drive - I-25 to C-470
2025:
4018:
3986:
3946:
3794:
3740:
3735:
3558:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3072:
3037:
3022:
3012:
2982:
2972:
2957:
2927:
2917:
2897:
2787:
2739:
2092:
1998:
1938:
1880:
1872:
1832:
1774:
1738:
1717:
1620:
1542:"Field Trip # 1 Marine Cretaceous Reservoirs in Central and Northern Montana: Road Log for Day 1"
1512:
1293:
1139:
1090:
1075:
1026:
978:
959:
939:
828:
743:
602:
466:
203:
161:
153:
1972:
1541:
4013:
3981:
3951:
3936:
3880:
3848:
3804:
3772:
3767:
3493:
2962:
2947:
2872:
2782:
2757:
2689:
2433:
2386:
2264:
2071:
1910:
1742:
1585:
1472:
1448:
1423:
1038:
1010:
1006:
840:
836:
832:
720:
567:
units for their collective exposures in the dramatic hogbacks and incised plateaus facing the
199:
177:
169:
1779:. University of Kansas Publications, State Geological Survey of Kansas. p. Stratigraphy)
1560:- Correlation chart for the field trip over outcrops of the original Colorado classification.
4028:
4008:
4003:
3941:
3907:
3892:
3875:
3750:
3679:
3665:
3498:
3478:
3097:
3067:
3052:
2937:
2922:
2857:
2842:
2772:
2762:
2243:
1862:
1770:
1616:
1097:
1042:
1018:
903:
859:
763:
657:
640:
636:
628:
514:
1332:
classification of the Colorado Group includes the following sub-units, from top to bottom:
1199:
olive-black, carbonaceous shale to chalky shale with repeating thin chalks; repeating thin
4053:
4048:
4033:
4023:
3998:
3976:
3966:
3897:
3887:
3826:
3811:
3787:
3782:
3755:
3727:
3670:
3577:
3538:
3057:
3047:
2987:
2887:
2862:
2847:
2797:
2767:
2558:
1344:
994:
967:
963:
943:
915:
907:
568:
547:
543:
225:
221:
1648:
597:
of Kansas, the Arkansas River valley across southeastern Colorado, and the Colorado
1858:
1275:
shaly chalk with many scattered, thin skeletal limestone beds; repeating thin bentonites
3931:
3853:
3745:
3483:
3127:
3122:
1285:
951:
616:
585:
560:
526:
510:
141:
17:
4068:
3870:
3836:
3821:
1884:
1502:
olive-black, chalk-speckled, calcareous and carbonaceous shale; minor shaly limestone
1349:
1229:
olive-black, chalky shale with repeating, thin chalky limestone beds; repeating thin
1132:
1080:
1014:
927:
715:
624:
426:
368:
195:
149:
84:
45:
2139:
1811:
3993:
3860:
3843:
3831:
3711:
3587:
3513:
1746:
1317:
1050:
1034:
982:
955:
947:
935:
931:
911:
892:
863:
756:
727:
556:
522:
518:
458:
454:
430:
314:
217:
1942:
1665:
453:. The surface outcrop of this group produces distinctive landforms bordering the
3971:
3691:
1277:
1150:
1022:
855:
809:
598:
594:
399:
59:
1812:"Upper Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Western Kansas"
648:
The Colorado Classification was initially adopted throughout the extent of the
2456:
1898:
Sageman, B. B.; Rich, J.; Birchfield, G E; Arthur, M. A.; Dean, W. E. (1997).
1299:
1270:
1257:
607:
422:
104:
69:
2053:"Cretaceous Colorado / Alberta Group of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin"
1457:
1428:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1377:
1322:
1313:
1230:
1200:
1183:
1144:
1122:
1107:
1102:
883:
801:
793:
789:
785:
278:
270:
260:
109:
53:
3717:
2734:
2709:
2699:
2694:
2460:
1517:
1497:
1477:
1453:
1242:
1219:
1194:
1177:
1164:
1154:
986:
817:
572:
450:
395:
350:
99:
94:
79:
74:
64:
1876:
1306:
finely sandy, clayey, gray near-shore/marginal-marine shale; septarians
1065:
Colorado and Kansas classification of regional Colorado Group sub-units
488:
where no beds are developed enough to be mapped as formations, and
2051:
Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin - Chapter 20.
867:
813:
805:
338:
326:
302:
114:
89:
538:
In 1871, Hayden crossed Kansas and Colorado on the recently completed
3225:
2867:
2470:
1914:
1899:
879:
821:
653:
564:
380:
49:
30:
This article is about the stratigraphical unit. For the company, see
2425:
1867:
1836:
1386:-speckled, calcareous and carbonaceous shale; minor shaly limestone
1943:"The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado"
1383:
797:
777:
446:
442:
256:
252:
902:
The Canadian Colorado Group occurs in the sub-surface throughout
1522:
very fine grained sandstone and siltstone, dark calcareous shale
3591:
2429:
776:
The Colorado Group consists primarily of chalky and non-chalky
2219:
Classification of Rocks in Kansas (Kansas Stratigraphic Chart)
2027:
Classification of Rocks in Kansas (Kansas Stratigraphic Chart)
914:. It is found in outcrops along the south-western edge of the
839:
in the non-calcareous shale unit. The upper part includes the
575:. The group was described by A. Hague and S.E. Emmons in 1877.
555:
Hayden proposed term "Colorado Group" in 1876 to embrace the
2000:
Surficial geology and stratigraphy of Russell County, Kansas
1336:
Canadian classification of regional Colorado Group subunits
457:
and it is a significant feature of the subsurface of the
2003:. Kansas Geological Survey Technical Series. Vol. 7
1696:
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Proceedings
1433:
Siltstone, fine grained sandstone and calcareous shale
433:. This name was originally applied to classify a
398:, specifically for the hogbacks and plains facing the
1249:
chalky shale with very rhythmic, thin limestone beds
484:
where the rocks are further divided into formations,
926:
The rocks of Colorado Group age are overlain by the
3906:
3726:
3658:
3625:
3469:
3136:
2748:
2677:
2479:
1045:. The Canadian Colorado Group was previously named
406:
391:
386:
356:
290:
285:
266:
248:
243:
235:
213:
191:
133:
123:
39:
1169:very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone, shale
550:confirmed the whole series within the two states.
1810:Donald E. Hattin and Charles T. Siemers (1978).
1590:Weblex : Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units
1482:very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone, shale
1312:The Colorado Group in Canada, which retains the
1182:olive-black, carbonaceous shale; repeating thin
584:and secondary hogbacks on the east flank of the
421:is a geologic name applied to certain rocks of
1112:repeating beds of buff chalk and chalky shale
3603:
2441:
1997:Alan F. Arbogast, William C. Johnson (1996).
1659:
1657:
8:
1837:"Sedimentary Measurement of Cretaceous Time"
2076:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
989:, with the upper part corresponding to the
3610:
3596:
3588:
2448:
2434:
2426:
1903:Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section A
1551:(534). Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology
858:is produced from the sandstone members in
831:(below the Second White Speckled Shale),
665:Summary of Colorado Group Classifications
36:
1866:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
962:shale and unconformably underlain by the
4110:Upper Cretaceous Series of North America
4105:Lower Cretaceous Series of North America
1540:Karen W. Porter, Jennie Ridgley (2006).
1334:
1262:chalky shale almost devoid of limestone
1063:
1021:foothills. It correlates with the upper
663:
2173:, Shannon & Wilson, 2020, p. 3
1621:"History of Stratigraphic Nomenclature"
1570:
2112:Khalifa Elderbak; Mark Leckie (2015).
2069:
1053:region, but the term is now obsolete.
977:The lower part is equivalent with the
449:known for their importance in Eastern
239:more than 1,000 metres (3,280 ft)
7:
3640:Frontier exploration and development
2403:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units.
2359:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units.
2333:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units.
2307:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units.
2281:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units.
1947:U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report
1664:W. G. Pierce and C. B. Hunt (1937).
870:, such as in the Bowdoin gas field.
465:. These formations record important
4085:Geologic groups of British Columbia
2197:Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Colorado
812:, and concretionary beds including
4090:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
1816:Kansas Geological Survey Guidebook
1716:, United States Geologist (1871).
1247:bench-forming Shellrock marker bed
463:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
25:
3549:South Central Colorado Urban Area
3529:North Central Colorado Urban Area
997:. It is equivalent to the sum of
3619:Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
3571:
480:convention has been to use
373:
361:
343:
331:
319:
307:
295:
27:Rock formations in North America
4075:Geologic groups of Saskatchewan
1818:(3). Kansas Geological Survey.
1304:X-bentonite marker bed (Kansas)
2144:National Geologic Map Database
1226:Fencepost limestone marker bed
429:, particularly in the western
1:
639:(later abandoned in favor of
631:(later abandoned in favor of
2200:, Colorado Geological Survey
4125:Geologic groups of Colorado
4100:Cretaceous British Columbia
3675:Northwestern Alberta Plains
2194:Robert J. Raynolds (2022),
1851:University of Chicago Press
1586:"Unit Name: Colorado Group"
1493:Second White Speckled Shale
922:Relationship to other units
166:Second White Speckled Shale
138:Colorado (type) and Kansas:
4141:
4120:Geologic groups of Wyoming
4115:Geologic groups of Montana
4080:Geologic groups of Alberta
3519:Front Range Urban Corridor
1373:First White Speckled Shale
1330:Canadian Geological Survey
1153:separated by intervals of
991:Vermillion River Formation
186:First White Speckled Shale
29:
3567:
2467:
2091:Donald E. Hattin (1975).
1733:At Hays City the massive
1465:108 m (350 ft)
1442:
1366:
1206:
1131:
1127:massive chalky limestone
1089:
762:
750:
747:
737:
731:
714:
709:
44:
3702:Northern Rocky Mountains
3554:Southern Rocky Mountains
3509:Denver Metropolitan Area
2283:"Medicine Hat Sandstone"
2224:Kansas Geological Survey
2032:Kansas Geological Survey
2013:not used in this report.
1629:Kansas Geological Survey
1525:38 m (120 ft)
1485:61 m (200 ft)
1436:60 m (200 ft)
1389:157 m (520 ft)
3688:North-central foothills
3635:Oil sands and heavy oil
1835:(February–March 1895).
1649:Geologic Unit: Colorado
1505:70 m (230 ft)
1416:14 m (50 ft)
650:Western Interior Seaway
509:described their “Upper
471:Western Interior Seaway
3544:South-Central Colorado
3504:Colorado Western Slope
1842:The Journal of Geology
1397:Medicine Hat Sandstone
1278:X-bentonite marker bed
910:, western and central
845:Medicine Hat Sandstone
540:Kansas Pacific Railway
496:History of exploration
182:Medicine Hat Sandstone
32:Colorado Group Limited
18:Medicine Hat Sandstone
3817:Glauconitic Sandstone
3534:Northwestern Colorado
3489:Colorado Mineral Belt
1140:Juana Lopez Sandstone
1031:Shaftesbury Formation
930:and underlain by the
897:Transcontinental Arch
3659:Depositional regions
2828:Cherry Hills Village
2405:"Phillips Sandstone"
1003:Blackstone Formation
281:, concretionary beds
208:Milk River Formation
128:Geological formation
4044:Beaverhill Lake GRP
3761:Horseshoe Canyon FM
3645:Natural gas liquids
3627:Hydrocarbon history
3578:Colorado portal
3514:Four Corners Region
2649:Tourist attractions
2554:Indian reservations
2361:"Bowdoin Sandstone"
2335:"Cardium Sandstone"
2309:"Martin Sandy Zone"
1859:1895JG......3..121G
1337:
1118:Fort Hays Limestone
1066:
999:Crowsnest Formation
780:, and incorporates
666:
627:, massively chalky
612:Milankovitch cycles
437:of specific marine
46:Stratigraphic range
4095:Cretaceous Alberta
3922:Porcupine Hills FM
3778:Ribstone Creek MBR
3559:Southwest Colorado
1513:Phillips Sandstone
1335:
1294:Thatcher Limestone
1064:
1047:Lloydminster Shale
1027:Dunvegan Formation
979:Ashville Formation
960:Lea Park Formation
940:Powder River Basin
851:Oil/gas production
829:Phillips Sandstone
664:
486:Colorado Formation
204:Lea Park Formation
162:Phillips Sandstone
4062:
4061:
3685:North-east Plains
3585:
3584:
3494:Colorado Piedmont
3078:Steamboat Springs
2953:Greenwood Village
2634:Statistical areas
2604:Prehistoric sites
1747:Fort Benton Group
1745:of No. 2, of the
1531:
1530:
1473:Bowdoin Sandstone
1449:Cardium Sandstone
1445:(non-calcareous)
1424:Martin Sandy Zone
1310:
1309:
1267:Lincoln Limestone
1039:Labiche Formation
1011:Wapiabi Formation
1007:Cardium Formation
878:Shales of middle
841:Martin Sandy Zone
837:Cardium Sandstone
833:Bowdoin Sandstone
769:
768:
416:
415:
200:Belly River Group
178:Martin Sandy Zone
174:Cardium Sandstone
170:Bowdoin Sandstone
16:(Redirected from
4132:
3917:Cypress Hills FM
3908:Southern Alberta
3680:Canadian Rockies
3666:Southern Alberta
3612:
3605:
3598:
3589:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3499:Colorado Plateau
3479:Central Colorado
2933:Glenwood Springs
2833:Colorado Springs
2589:National Forests
2450:
2443:
2436:
2427:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:on July 10, 2012
2407:. Archived from
2400:
2394:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:on July 16, 2012
2363:. Archived from
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2337:. Archived from
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2311:. Archived from
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2285:. Archived from
2278:
2272:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2244:Donald E. Hattin
2240:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2055:. Archived from
2048:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1870:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1771:Donald E. Hattin
1767:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1730:
1729:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1617:Donald E. Hattin
1613:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1582:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1549:Open File Report
1546:
1462:marine sandstone
1338:
1161:Codell Sandstone
1098:Smoky Hill Chalk
1067:
1043:northern Alberta
1019:Canadian Rockies
1009:, and the lower
972:Swan River Group
958:overlain by the
860:southern Alberta
667:
658:Donald E. Hattin
571:front ranges of
379:
377:
376:
367:
365:
364:
349:
347:
346:
337:
335:
334:
325:
323:
322:
313:
311:
310:
301:
299:
298:
230:Swan River Group
119:
37:
21:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4054:Canadian Shield
4039:Cooking Lake FM
3937:Belly River GRP
3902:
3898:Canadian Shield
3827:Sunburst Member
3773:Belly River GRP
3728:Central Alberta
3722:
3671:Central Alberta
3654:
3621:
3616:
3586:
3581:
3572:
3570:
3563:
3539:San Luis Valley
3465:
3132:
3028:Manitou Springs
2893:Federal Heights
2744:
2673:
2614:Protected areas
2539:Historic places
2475:
2463:
2454:
2424:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2383:
2379:
2370:
2368:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2344:
2342:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2318:
2316:
2315:on July 7, 2012
2306:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2290:
2289:on July 7, 2012
2280:
2279:
2275:
2261:
2257:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2227:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2176:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2123:
2121:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2037:
2035:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2006:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1919:
1917:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1727:
1725:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1615:
1614:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1572:
1567:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1534:Further reading
1444:
1368:
1358:
1305:
1288:
1276:
1271:Late-Cenomanian
1258:Late-Cenomanian
1248:
1238:
1228:
1215:
1210:
1174:Blue Hill Shale
1145:Early-Coniacian
1136:(carbonaceous)
1135:
1106:
1103:Early-Campanian
1093:
1059:
995:Favel Formation
946:of the western
944:Williston Basin
924:
916:Canadian Shield
908:central Alberta
876:
853:
774:
704:
702:
698:
696:
691:
689:
685:
683:
679:
675:
498:
374:
372:
362:
360:
344:
342:
332:
330:
320:
318:
308:
306:
296:
294:
226:Mannville Group
222:Blairmore Group
160:
156:
140:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4138:
4136:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4067:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3849:Rock Creek MBR
3841:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3678:South-central
3676:
3673:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3484:Eastern Plains
3481:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:Grand Junction
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2664:Transportation
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2594:National Parks
2591:
2586:
2581:
2579:Municipalities
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2504:Climate change
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2395:
2377:
2351:
2325:
2299:
2273:
2255:
2235:
2209:
2186:
2160:
2130:
2104:
2083:
2043:
2017:
1989:
1964:
1930:
1890:
1868:10.1086/607150
1824:
1802:
1793:
1762:
1753:
1705:
1675:
1653:
1641:
1601:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1300:Mid-Cenomanian
1297:
1290:
1289:(carbonaceous)
1282:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1254:Hartland Shale
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1224:bench-forming
1222:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1192:
1191:Fairport Shale
1188:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1108:Late-Coniacian
1100:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1058:
1055:
952:Western Canada
923:
920:
875:
872:
852:
849:
773:
770:
767:
766:
760:
759:
753:
752:
749:
746:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
724:
723:
718:
713:
707:
706:
700:
693:
687:
681:
662:
661:
645:
644:
643:).
635:), and chalky
590:
589:
586:Dakota Hogback
577:
576:
569:Rocky Mountain
552:
551:
542:, and between
535:
534:
511:Missouri River
501:In 1862,
497:
494:
490:Colorado Shale
482:Colorado Group
414:
413:
408:
404:
403:
393:
389:
388:
384:
383:
358:
354:
353:
292:
288:
287:
283:
282:
268:
264:
263:
250:
246:
245:
241:
240:
237:
233:
232:
215:
211:
210:
193:
189:
188:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
57:
42:
41:
40:Colorado Group
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4137:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4049:Elk Point GRP
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3967:Mannville GRP
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3957:Milk River FM
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:Ravenscrag FM
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3866:Mount Head FM
3864:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3837:Detrital Beds
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Ostracod Beds
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3812:Mannville GRP
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3707:Fort St. John
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3613:
3608:
3606:
3601:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:Woodland Park
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:Idaho Springs
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:Cripple Creek
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Commerce City
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Federal lands
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:0-920230-23-7
2388:
2381:
2378:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2341:on 2012-07-07
2340:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2300:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2269:0-920230-23-7
2266:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2131:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2059:on 2010-10-24
2058:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2002:
2001:
1993:
1990:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:Gilbert, G.K.
1934:
1931:
1927:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1833:G. K. Gilbert
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1550:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:olive-black,
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:(calcareous)
1365:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:Jetmore Chalk
1237:Bridge Creek/
1236:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:Pfeifer Shale
1214:Bridge Creek/
1213:
1211:(calcareous)
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1186:; septarians
1185:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:Late-Turonian
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:(calcareous)
1092:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:Alberta Group
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
985:and southern
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
956:unconformably
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:Montana Group
921:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
888:
885:
881:
873:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
771:
765:
761:
758:
755:
754:
745:
742:
741:
734:
729:
726:
725:
722:
719:
717:
712:
708:
701:
694:
688:
682:
678:
673:
669:
668:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:, non-chalky
622:
618:
613:
609:
604:
603:G. K. Gilbert
600:
596:
592:
591:
587:
583:
579:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:
495:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:North America
424:
420:
412:
409:
405:
402:of that state
401:
397:
394:
390:
385:
382:
370:
359:
355:
352:
340:
328:
316:
304:
293:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
251:
247:
242:
238:
234:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
209:
205:
201:
197:
196:Montana Group
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3962:Colorado GRP
3961:
3932:Edmonton GRP
3832:Taber Member
3800:Colorado GRP
3799:
3788:Brosseau MBR
3783:Victoria MBR
3756:Whitemud MBR
3746:Edmonton GRP
3712:Saskatchewan
3569:
2903:Fort Collins
2823:Central City
2813:Castle Pines
2720:Homelessness
2700:Demographics
2669:Wildernesses
2599:Paleontology
2489:Bibliography
2469:
2413:. Retrieved
2409:the original
2398:
2380:
2369:. Retrieved
2365:the original
2354:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:the original
2328:
2317:. Retrieved
2313:the original
2302:
2291:. Retrieved
2287:the original
2276:
2258:
2248:
2238:
2228:, retrieved
2218:
2212:
2202:, retrieved
2196:
2189:
2181:
2175:, retrieved
2169:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2143:
2133:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:ResearchGate
2117:
2107:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:the original
2046:
2036:, retrieved
2026:
2020:
2011:
2005:. Retrieved
1999:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1976:
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1953:(2): 551–601
1950:
1946:
1933:
1924:
1918:. Retrieved
1906:
1902:
1893:
1846:
1840:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1781:. Retrieved
1775:
1765:
1756:
1735:rocky layers
1732:
1726:. Retrieved
1721:
1714:F. V. Hayden
1708:
1699:
1695:
1688:Hayden, F.V.
1678:
1669:
1644:
1632:. Retrieved
1624:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:
1553:. Retrieved
1548:
1327:
1318:Pierre Shale
1311:
1060:
1051:Lloydminster
1046:
1035:Paddy Member
983:Saskatchewan
976:
948:Great Plains
936:Denver Basin
932:Dakota Group
925:
912:Saskatchewan
901:
893:Mancos Shale
889:
877:
874:Distribution
864:Saskatchewan
854:
826:
782:conglomerate
775:
652:, including
608:glaciologist
489:
485:
481:
475:
459:Denver Basin
455:Great Plains
431:Great Plains
418:
417:
387:Type section
315:Saskatchewan
275:Conglomerate
218:Dakota Group
157:
137:
4019:Crowfoot FM
3987:Sawtooth FM
3947:Foremost FM
3854:Nordegg MBR
3795:Lea Park FM
3741:Scollard FM
3736:Paskapoo FM
3697:Fort Nelson
3692:Liard River
3650:Natural gas
3524:High Plains
3196:Clear Creek
3113:Wheat Ridge
3108:Westminster
3033:Monte Vista
2913:Fort Morgan
2908:Fort Lupton
2725:LGBT rights
1853:: 121–127.
1341:Subdivision
1323:coccolithic
1280:(Colorado)
1151:calcarenite
1023:Smoky Group
981:in eastern
954:, they are
862:, southern
810:phosphorite
721:Belly River
599:Front Range
595:Smoky Hills
507:F.V. Hayden
425:age in the
411:F.V. Hayden
400:Front Range
4069:Categories
4014:Wabamun FM
3994:Rundle GRP
3982:Rierdon FM
3952:Pakowki FM
3881:Pekisko FM
3871:Elkton MBR
3861:Rundle GRP
3844:Fernie GRP
3805:Cardium FM
3768:Bearpaw FM
3451:Washington
3431:San Miguel
3411:Rio Grande
3406:Rio Blanco
3326:Las Animas
3306:Kit Carson
3181:Broomfield
3103:Walsenburg
3063:Rocky Ford
3043:Northglenn
3018:Louisville
2993:Las Animas
2818:Centennial
2808:Cañon City
2803:Burlington
2793:Broomfield
2778:Black Hawk
2609:Prehistory
2534:Government
2514:Coloradans
2415:2009-03-01
2371:2009-03-01
2345:2009-03-01
2319:2009-03-01
2293:2009-03-01
2230:2023-11-22
2204:2023-11-22
2177:2023-11-22
2124:2021-05-23
2120:. Figure 4
2063:2010-05-12
2038:2023-11-22
2007:2021-05-21
1973:"Colorado"
1920:2021-05-21
1783:2021-05-20
1743:dark clays
1728:2018-10-04
1702:: 415-447.
1684:Meek, F.B.
1595:2021-04-23
1565:References
1555:2022-07-03
1362:Reference
1231:bentonites
1208:Greenhorn
1201:bentonites
1184:bentonites
1085:Lithology
705:(current)
641:Smoky Hill
513:” series;
439:formations
423:Cretaceous
4029:Ireton FM
4009:Bakken FM
4004:Exshaw FM
3972:Ellis GRP
3942:Oldman FM
3893:Exshaw FM
3876:Shunda FM
3751:Battle FM
3682:foothills
3356:Montezuma
3296:Jefferson
3161:Archuleta
3008:Lone Tree
3003:Littleton
2998:Leadville
2978:Lafayette
2883:Englewood
2878:Edgewater
2710:Education
2619:Railroads
2574:Mountains
2529:Geography
2519:Elections
2474:(capital)
1885:129629329
1651:, Geolex.
1634:April 23,
1458:Coniacian
1429:Santonian
1412:siltstone
1408:sandstone
1402:Santonian
1378:Santonian
1359:Thickness
1354:Lithology
1325:debris.
1314:Santonian
1123:Coniacian
1071:Formation
1057:Sub-units
968:Mannville
964:Blairmore
884:Santonian
802:limestone
800:, chalky
794:rhythmite
790:siltstone
786:sandstone
772:Lithology
751:Colorado
738:Colorado
711:Fox Hills
699:(current)
633:Fort Hays
621:Greenhorn
619:, chalky
582:flatirons
531:Fox Hills
503:F.B. Meek
467:sequences
392:Named for
279:Limestone
271:Siltstone
261:Sandstone
244:Lithology
236:Thickness
192:Underlies
146:Greenhorn
134:Sub-units
54:Santonian
48:: middle
4034:Leduc FM
4024:Nisku FM
3999:Banff FM
3977:Swift FM
3888:Banff FM
3718:Manitoba
3716:Western
3436:Sedgwick
3426:San Juan
3421:Saguache
3386:Phillips
3361:Montrose
3311:La Plata
3286:Huerfano
3281:Hinsdale
3276:Gunnison
3261:Garfield
3206:Costilla
3191:Cheyenne
3156:Arapahoe
3138:Counties
3093:Trinidad
3088:Thornton
3083:Sterling
3073:Sheridan
3038:Montrose
3023:Loveland
3013:Longmont
2983:Lakewood
2973:La Junta
2958:Gunnison
2928:Glendale
2918:Fountain
2898:Florence
2788:Brighton
2735:Religion
2730:Politics
2715:Gun laws
2685:Abortion
2644:Timeline
2569:Military
2509:Colleges
2461:Colorado
2246:(1975).
2072:cite web
1957:28 March
1941:(1896).
1877:30054556
1789:present.
1773:(1965).
1690:(1862).
1619:(1982).
1518:Turonian
1498:Turonian
1478:Turonian
1454:Turonian
1345:Sub-unit
1286:Graneros
1243:Turonian
1220:Turonian
1195:Turonian
1178:Turonian
1155:mudstone
1149:beds of
1091:Niobrara
987:Manitoba
904:southern
818:siderite
806:coquinas
796:beds of
748:Colorado
744:Niobrara
732:Colorado
695:Colorado
637:Apishapa
617:Graneros
573:Colorado
561:Niobrara
527:Niobrara
461:and the
451:Colorado
419:Colorado
407:Named by
396:Colorado
351:Colorado
286:Location
214:Overlies
154:Niobrara
142:Graneros
3471:Regions
3396:Prowers
3346:Mineral
3331:Lincoln
3321:Larimer
3291:Jackson
3256:Fremont
3246:El Paso
3236:Douglas
3231:Dolores
3211:Crowley
3201:Conejos
3186:Chaffee
3176:Boulder
3151:Alamosa
2963:Holyoke
2948:Greeley
2873:Durango
2783:Boulder
2758:Alamosa
2705:Economy
2695:Culture
2678:Society
2639:Symbols
2629:Slavery
2584:Museums
2544:History
2499:Outline
2153:May 23,
1855:Bibcode
1670:Geology
1133:Carlile
1049:in the
1017:in the
1013:of the
934:in the
868:Montana
866:and in
814:calcite
757:Benton
716:Montana
625:Carlile
544:Abilene
469:of the
357:Country
339:Wyoming
327:Montana
303:Alberta
249:Primary
158:Canada:
150:Carlile
3910:plains
3446:Teller
3441:Summit
3401:Pueblo
3391:Pitkin
3366:Morgan
3351:Moffat
3266:Gilpin
3251:Elbert
3226:Denver
3216:Custer
3098:Victor
3068:Salida
3053:Pueblo
2938:Golden
2923:Fruita
2868:Denver
2858:Dacono
2843:Cortez
2773:Aurora
2763:Arvada
2750:Cities
2740:Sports
2659:Trails
2624:Rivers
2549:Images
2481:Topics
2471:Denver
2389:
2267:
2226:, 2018
2034:, 2018
1982:21 May
1977:geolex
1915:460584
1913:
1883:
1875:
1406:muddy
1316:-time
1076:Member
942:, and
880:Albian
822:pyrite
820:, and
764:Dakota
735:Pierre
728:Pierre
703:Canada
697:Kansas
684:Hayden
677:Hayden
670:
654:Canada
629:Timpas
565:Pierre
563:, and
557:Benton
529:, and
523:Pierre
519:Benton
515:Dakota
381:Canada
378:
366:
348:
336:
324:
312:
300:
291:Region
50:Albian
3416:Routt
3376:Ouray
3371:Otero
3336:Logan
3301:Kiowa
3271:Grand
3241:Eagle
3221:Delta
3146:Adams
3058:Rifle
3048:Ouray
2988:Lamar
2888:Evans
2863:Delta
2848:Craig
2798:Brush
2768:Aspen
2690:Crime
2654:Towns
2564:Lists
2494:Index
2457:State
2100:124).
1909:(2).
1881:S2CID
1873:JSTOR
1849:(2).
1739:No. 3
1545:(PDF)
1443:Lower
1384:chalk
1367:Upper
950:. In
798:chalk
778:shale
690:White
674:&
548:Limon
447:chalk
443:shale
435:group
267:Other
257:Chalk
253:Shale
3461:Yuma
3456:Weld
3381:Park
3341:Mesa
3316:Lake
3171:Bent
3166:Baca
3128:Yuma
3123:Wray
2387:ISBN
2265:ISBN
2155:2021
2148:USGS
2078:link
1984:2021
1959:2021
1911:OSTI
1636:2021
1410:and
1328:The
1037:and
993:and
906:and
843:and
835:and
788:and
692:1878
686:1871
680:1862
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