Medieval Bulgarian army - Knowledge (XXG)

779: 1169: 2442: 1428: 4842: 2468: 2812: 1420: 2528: 2804: 2724: 2517: 2460: 2333: 1454: 4618: 1412: 3026: 1255:. After a successful battle the Bulgarian would pursue the enemy in depth in order to eliminate as much soldiers as possible and not to allow him to reorganize his forces quickly and effectively. For instance after the victory at Ongal in 680 the Byzantines were chased for 150–200 km. After the success at Anchialus in 917 the Byzantines were not given time to prepare their resistance properly and the result was the annihilation of their last forces in the 2732: 2430: 1436: 578: 1404: 566: 828: 5072: 2967: 1272: 4828: 2341: 428:. On their decorated belts the soldiers carried the most necessary objects such as flints and steel, a knife, a cup and a needle case. The heavy cavalry was supplied with metal armour and helmets. The horses were also armoured. Armour was of two types — chain-mail and plate armour. The commanders had belts with golden or silver buckles which corresponded to their rank and title. 5009: 1084: 4613: 5084: 4608: 1160:– the last major Bulgarian city. Resistance to the invaders continued until 1422 when the country was fully conquered. The Ottoman invasion was a disaster for the Bulgarian army — the nobility and the leaders of the nation were killed or emigrated and civilians were not allowed to have weapons until the 19th century. 368:. They often held a strong cavalry unit in reserve, which would attack the enemy at an opportune moment. They also sometimes concentrated their free horses behind their battle formation to avoid surprise attacks from the rear. They used ambushes and feigned retreats, during which they rode with their backs to the horse, 39: 1371:

cavalry was effectively used against the Byzantines and later the Crusaders. For instance, fourteen thousand of them were used by Kaloyan in the battle of Adrianople. The Cumans were the empire's most effective military component. The Cuman leaders entered the ranks of Bulgarian nobility, and some of

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in north-eastern Bulgaria, armaments for 1,713 heavy riders were available. Assuming that the surviving inscriptions are around 1/10 of the total number, that makes 17,130 men only in the so-called "inner region" of Bulgaria. After comparison with the data of Pseudo-Simeon, it can be assumed that the

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The army had iron discipline, with the officers vigorously checking if everything was ready before a battle. For a horse that was undernourished or not properly taken care of, the punishment was death. The soldiers were under threat of a death penalty when having a loose bow-string or an unmaintained

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wrote: "...to bring his armies to those dangerous places and to send them to the Bulgarians who would slaughter them as cattle, because it is said that the Romans often got into the bad places of Bulgaria and were met by their doom. That is why he decided to retreat with his army and marched back to

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In the battle of Kleidion the Bulgarian army numbered around 20,000 soldiers. According some estimates the total number of the army including the squads of local militia reached a maximum level of 45,000. The Byzantine historian Georgius Monachus Continuatus wrote that the Bulgarian army had 360,000

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The fall of the north-eastern parts of the Bulgarian Empire under Byzantine rule and the decimation of its military elite had a severe impact on the Bulgarian army, especially since most of the heavy cavalry which was instrumental in the earlier successes over the Byzantines was recruited exactly in

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During war the Bulgarians usually sent light cavalry to devastate the enemy lands on a broad front pillaging villages and small towns, burning the crops and taking people and cattle. During the Second Empire that task was usually assigned to the Cumans. The Bulgarian army was very mobile — for

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The infantry of the newly formed state was composed mainly of Slavs, who were generally lightly armed soldiers, although their chieftains usually had small cavalry retinues. The Slavic footmen were equipped with swords, spears, bows and wooden or leather shields. However, they were less disciplined

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The Bulgarians usually avoided frontal assault and waited the enemy to attack first. After the opponent inevitably breaks his battle formation the Bulgarians would counter-attack with their heavy cavalry. In several battles the Bulgarian troops waited the Byzantines for days until the latter

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marked the creation of a wide-ranging empire, and its defeat in a prolonged war of attrition in the early 11th century meant the end of Bulgarian independence. When the Bulgarian state was reestablished in 1185, a series of capable emperors achieved a remarkable string of victories over the

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concluded a favourable peace treaty with the Byzantines, but the situation inside the country saw no improvement. There were many reasons for the decline — some historians dismiss Peter I as a weak ruler, incapable of handling his own family (two of his brothers rose up against him).

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or the Varlaamites did not allow the country to maintain a significant force. The Bulgarians relied on their fortified cities and castles for defense, but due to the lack of a common leadership, coordination amongst them was feeble and they were defeated and occupied in detail.

732:, although employed in the past, now became the cornerstone of Bulgarian tactics — most Bulgarian victories in that period were a result of ambush and careful exploitation of the terrain. During this period, the Bulgarians acquired a reputation for their skillful archers. 461:

feared the Bulgarian army and built trenches to protect themselves from a cavalry charge. In the decisive battle in the summer that year the Bulgarians slaughtered between 20,000 and 32,000 Arabs. Apart from engaging in battle to the south, the Bulgarians had to fight the

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and defeating several small Bulgarian forces. The centuries-old mistrust between Bulgarians and Byzantines spoiled the negotiations between the two empires for an alliance and even led to the last Byzantine-Bulgarian war in 1364. In 1371 a large Bulgarian-Serb army under

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and in 12th–13th centuries several other Byzantine forces shared that doom. The Bulgarians maintained many outposts and castles which guarded the passes and were able to locate an invading force and quickly inform the high command about any enemy moves.

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were a warlike people and war was part of their everyday life, with every adult Bulgar obliged to fight. The early Bulgars were exclusively horsemen: in their culture, the horse was considered a sacred animal and received special care.

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built in inside. A Byzantine priest threw it into the river so that it would be never found it but it was soon recovered by the Bulgarians. Throughout the 13th century that treasure was shown off during processions and celebrations in

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Simeon arrived, leading a large army, which was divided into many squads, some armed with golden shields and golden spears, others with silver shields and silver spears, third with weapons of every colour and all dressed in

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Simeon I the Great (893–927), the country was exhausted. The constant wars were unpopular enough so that 20,000 people sought refuge in Byzantium because of Simeon's "warlike rush and relentless intentions". His successor

361:. The permanent army consisted of the khan's guard of select warriors, while the campaign army consisted practically of the entire nation, assembled by clans. In the field, the army was divided into right and left wings. 847:. The long period of Byzantine rule had left its mark on the Bulgarian army — the titles during the Second Empire were mostly borrowed from Byzantium. In the absence of the Emperor the commander-in-chief was called 1026:, where he was killed in 1280. The army now numbered less than 10,000 men — it is recorded that Ivailo defeated two Byzantine armies of 5,000 and 10,000 men, and that his troops were outnumbered in both cases. 1034:, no commander, no saviour, no redeemer. Everything vanished under the fear of the Turks. Even the brave hearts of the champions turned into weak feminine hearts. Those who remained alive fairly envied at the dead. 794:

in 996 signaled that the tide of the war had begun to change in the Byzantines' favour. From 1001 onwards, Basil II launched yearly campaigns into Bulgarian territory, methodically taking important cities such as

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The country and the army declined after Ivan Asen II's death. His successors could not cope neither with the external nor with the internal problems. Mongol, Byzantine and Hungarian invasions were combined with

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The early Bulgarian army was not supplied with strong siege equipment . The Bulgarians used siege machines on a large scale for the first time during the reign of Khan Krum (803–814), when they employed

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This combat lasted a long time... There on the field remained the Emperor Baldwin, who never would fly, and Count Louis; the Emperor Baldwin was taken alive and Count Louis was slain. Alas! How awful was our

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on the enemy. If the enemy pursued disorganized, they would turn back and fiercely attack them. According to contemporary historians, the Bulgars "could see in the dark like bats" and often fought at night.

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During the Second Empire, foreign and mercenary soldiers became an important part of the Bulgarian army and its tactics. Since the very beginning of the rebellion of Asen and Peter, the light and mobile

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in 1190 the Bulgarians captured the Imperial treasure of the Byzantine Emperors including the crown, the golden cups of the nobility and the Imperial cross made up of solid gold with a piece of the

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in 1205 against the Crusaders. Sometimes the Bulgarians left a strong cavalry force in reserve which attacked in the sublime moment and tipped the balance in Bulgarians' favour, for instance in the

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Initially, the Ottoman invasion was not considered as a significant threat by both Bulgarians and Byzantines. For only one decade between 1354 and 1364 the Ottomans conquered virtually the whole of

1251:(813) – and scored decisive victories. In one of the rare occasions in which the army made a frontal attack on the enemy, the result was a defeat despite the heavy casualties the enemy suffered – 654:

spread itself widely over the country. The Bogomils preached that people must not follow secular authorities, pay taxes or enroll in the army. As a result, the Bulgarians were unable to stop the

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who commanded the garrison of the capital. In the field, the army was divided into three parts: center, right flank and left flank. The center was commanded by the ruler, the left flank by the

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invaded Bulgaria and the Balkans in the mid-14th century, the once glorious Bulgarian army was only a shadow of its former self. Feudal disunion and the widespread heretical movements such as

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Aleksandar Stoyanov, „The Size of Bulgaria’s Medieval Field Armies: A Case Study of Military Mobilization Capacity in the Middle Ages,“ in: The Journal of Military History, 83:3 (July 2019):

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and was feared by its enemies. There are several documented cases of Byzantine commanders abandoning an invasion because of a reluctance to confront the Bulgarian army on its home territory.

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and other peoples, with pursuing them a reasonable distance and plundering their goods, but they do not let up at all until they have achieved the complete destruction of their enemies.

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Another widely used tactic was to make a false retreat and then suddenly attack the enemy — breaking the lines when in pursuit. This trick won many victories, most notably at the

1384:. Both Michael III Shishman and Ivan Alexander had a 3,000-strong Mongol cavalry detachment in their armies. In the 1350s, Emperor Ivan Alexander even hired Ottoman bands, as did the 946:, achieved massive military successes. After a number of successful battles between 1185 and 1204, the Byzantine Empire was effectively driven from the lands it held in the northern 3938:), did not know to whom of the suffering from attacks by the enemy to help first, to whom to delay help..." – see Zlatarski, The Bulgarian state during the Asen dynasty, pp. 73–74 1263:

instance prior to the battle of Klokotnitsa for four days it covered a distance three times longer than the Epirote army for a week; in 1332 it covered 230 km for five days.

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in 1207, Emperor Kaloyan had 33 catapults and an engineer corps which was tasked with destroying the city walls. In the beginning of the 13th century, during the siege of

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brothers reconquered the north-eastern parts of the realm. The first Byzantine attempts for counter-attack were repulsed after the annihilation of a 60,000 force in the

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After the end of the rebellion of Ivailo, the Bulgarians were no match for the Mongols who plundered the country undisturbed for 20 years. With the reign of

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In the late 12th century the army numbered 40,000 men-at-arms. The country was able to mobilize around 100,000 men in the first decade of the 13th century (

4942: 4335: 4326: 2869: 296:, which consisted of ca. 12,000 heavily armed riders. At its height in the 9th and 10th centuries, it was one of the most formidable military forces in 815:

the Bulgarian army was crushed and 14,000 captured Bulgarian soldiers were blinded and sent to Samuil, who died at the sight of his army on 6 October.

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to eliminate the young Bulgarian state, which suffered political crisis, failed in the mountain passes of the Balkan. In 811 the whole Byzantine army

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Stoyanov, Aleksandar (2019). "The Size of Bulgaria's Medieval Field Armies: A Case Study of Military Mobilization Capacity in the Middle Ages".

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Inside the fortress there is a large and elite army, its soldiers are heavily built, moustached and look war-hardened, but are used to consume

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acknowledged the formation of a Bulgarian state on their former territory. In 718, a Bulgarian intervention was crucial in the repulsion of the

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in 792, the country overcame a 50-year crisis and entered the new century stronger and consolidated. During the first years of his reign, Khan

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them received high military or administrative posts in the state. During the 14th century the Bulgarian army increasingly relied on foreign

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Byzantines and the Western Crusaders, but as the state and its army fragmented in the 13th and 14th centuries, it proved unable to halt the

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that region. Contemporary sources continue to mention the existence of a Bulgarian cavalry, but it was much reduced in size and was mostly

1022:. Although he managed to defeat both the Mongols and the Byzantines, a plot among the nobility forced him to seek refuge among the Mongol 671: 883:

cavalry which numbered between 10,000 and 30,000 riders, depending on the campaign. These were drawn from among the Cumans who inhabited

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The Byzantine historian Pseudo-Simeon stated that Krum sent a 30,000 strong cavalry, "the whole armoured with iron", which devastated

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Even if the sun would have come down, I would have never thought that the Moesian arrows were stronger than the Avzonian spears...

2352: 658:, who looted and plundered the countryside, further contributing to the grim situation of the state. When the Byzantines paid the 4267: 3324:КЪМ ВЪПРОСА ЗА БЪЛГАРСКАТА ВОЕННА МОЩ ПРЕЗ ПОСЛЕДНАТА ЧЕТВЪРТ НА X И НАЧАЛОТО НА XI ВЕК. ЗАЩО БЪЛГАРИЯ ЗАГУБИ ДВУБОЯ С ВИЗАНТИЯ? 3605: 4617: 4319: 2679: 2660: 2276: 1787: 1045: 1347:

soldiers, who were now subjects of the Bulgarian crown, were recruited in the army, especially during the campaign against

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played a significant role in the military history of Bulgaria and facilitated the country's defense against the strong

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In the first fifty years after the reestablishment of the Empire, the Bulgarians, led by skillful commanders such as

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to invade Bulgaria in 968, Peter I could send only 30,000 men against the 60,000 strong invading force. During the

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heavy cavalry component of the Bulgarian army numbered between 17–20,000 and 30,000 men, depending on the level of

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On the turn of the 9th century, the Bulgarian Empire was on the rise. Following the victory over the Byzantines at

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used to be an important Bulgarian stronghold. It was the last major Bulgarian fortress which fell to the Ottomans.

101: 5037: 4803: 4312: 1682: 1556: 1537: 1514: 1491: 1252: 1018:. In the ensuing battle the Emperor was defeated and slain, and Ivailo proclaimed himself Emperor of Bulgaria in 922: 840: 4658: 4599: 2500: 5119: 4798: 4717: 4567: 3835:

Angelov, D. Certains aspects de la conquete des peuples balkaniques par des turks — BSI, 1956, 162, p. 237

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Geoffrey de Villehardouin: Memoirs or Chronicle of The Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople p. 94

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in 917. Ambush was another widely used and very successful strategy especially during the Cometopuli dynasty.

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advance, which resulted in the conquest of all of Bulgaria by 1396/1422. It would not be until 1878, with the

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David Nicolle, Angus McBride: Hungary and the Fall of Eastern Europe 1000–1568, Osprey Publishing, 1988, p.24

1148:, Sofia valley and eastern Bulgaria were captured one by one over the next twenty years. In 1393 the capital 5032: 4875: 4860: 4631: 4557: 4404: 4343: 2980: 2637: 2559: 2129: 1974: 1924: 939: 836: 273: 228: 192: 2527: 5042: 4967: 4915: 4712: 4398: 4339: 2803: 2723: 2616: 2516: 2479: 2459: 2332: 2281: 1619: 1453: 515: 388: 313: 269: 345:, who mustered the army with the help of the aristocracy. The military ranks from lowest to highest were 4972: 4880: 4756: 2831: 2205: 2184: 979: 728:

Consequently, the infantry's importance grew and the tactics changed to reflect the new conditions: the

807:, and inflicting several defeats on Samuil. In addition, in 1003 Samuil was involved in a war with the 591:

who led the army during the Emperor's absence. The third most important title in the hierarchy was the

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Traditionally, the army's commander-in-chief was the ruler. The second in the chain of command was the

4987: 4925: 4771: 4533: 4508: 4423: 3601: 2877: 2365: 2291: 1852: 1795: 1753: 1745: 1735: 1730: 1709: 1661: 1476: 1256: 1248: 935: 791: 783: 667: 570: 559: 511: 317: 304: 281: 506:. Krum achieved major victories over the Byzantine Empire, annihilating the Byzantine armies in the 4910: 4870: 4786: 4697: 4562: 4538: 4528: 4523: 4171: 3531: 2921: 2544: 2388: 2360: 2192: 2068: 1953: 1596: 1577: 975: 865: 643: 232: 224: 4205: 303:

The army was intrinsically linked to the very existence of the Bulgarian state. Its success under

4997: 4813: 4766: 4727: 4543: 4513: 4446: 4386: 2934: 2898: 2406: 2255: 1934: 1863: 1816: 1604: 1564: 1499: 1244: 1129: 1061: 1011: 1008: 982:, in which the much smaller Bulgarian army outmaneuvered its enemy. In 1241, the Tsar defeated a 812: 808: 736: 491: 196: 180: 4612: 2947: 1284:

renegades to gain experience. By 814 they possessed a large number of enormous siege machines –

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was the person responsible for the defense of certain regions and the recruitment of soldiers.

827: 5008: 4855: 4776: 4761: 4746: 4482: 4293: 4140: 4100: 4030: 4002: 3931: 3876: 3820: 3778: 3737: 3676: 3649: 3621: 3431: 3285: 3230: 3187: 3105: 3063: 2859: 2743: 2653: 2645: 2597: 2411: 2268: 2121: 2081: 1842: 1774: 1672: 1385: 1145: 1137: 1133: 1049: 971: 243: 168: 3703: 3038: 1180:. It relied both on the experience of the soldiers and the peculiarities of the terrain. The 1048:(1300–1321), the situation of the army improved — in 1304 he defeated the Byzantines at 751:

in 986 in which Basil II himself barely escaped. In the following decade the Bulgarians took

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A wide range of siege equipment was also used during the Second Empire. During the siege of

1197: 1181: 1177: 1153: 1125: 963: 546: 507: 495: 204: 160: 150: 130: 56: 44: 4607: 2731: 5076: 5047: 4920: 4865: 4687: 4237: 4220: 4051: 3664: 2972: 2882: 2854: 2698: 2100: 1892: 1766: 1468: 1344: 1328: 1316:, the Bulgarians captured 36 copper siphons which the Byzantines used to throw the famous 896: 772: 618: 587: 499: 463: 444: 417: 397: 172: 3608:

against the Byzantines in return of recognition of his Imperial title — Andreev, J.

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When they make their enemies take to flight, they are not content, as the Persians, the

3323: 284:. During the first decades after the foundation of the country, the army consisted of a 5088: 4572: 4476: 3079: 2985: 2903: 2155: 1609: 1481: 1185: 876: 869: 715: 659: 498:

destroyed the Avar Khaganate and doubled Bulgaria's territory, taking over the fertile

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rivers, the Khazar threat was eliminated but the founder of the Bulgarian state Khan

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in 1206. The Hungarians were defeated after several fights along the valley of the

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Emperor Ivan Asen II brought the Second Bulgarian Empire to its greatest expansion.

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lost control of the north-eastern parts of their country, including the capital

142: 4224: 4206:"Commanders and allies Cumans, Tatars and Alans in the Second Bulgarian Empire" 4193: 3343: 3037:Д-р Александър Стоянов, Колко големи са били армиите в Средновековна България? 3002:

Note that the works Byzantine authors are usually from their Bulgarian edition

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Steven Runciman, A history of the First Bulgarian Empire, London 1930, p. 286

558:. During the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th centuries, Emperor 4992: 2836: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1356: 1088: 987: 951: 884: 613: 416:

with an arrow-quiver on the back. On the saddle they hung a round shield, a

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in the Middle Ages. Most of the nine campaigns of the ambitious Emperor

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Nikolov, Centralism and Regionalism in Early Medieval Bulgaria , p. 131

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raised a 15,000-strong army to face the Serbs but was defeated at the

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men, a greatly exaggerated number, the actual being 10 times smaller.

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300 Bulgarian nobles, the elite of the Bulgarian nation and army, in

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and were forced to conclude a humiliating peace treaty by which they

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and soon the Bulgarian Emperor had to admit the defeat and became a

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among the nobility and several civil wars. In 1277, a peasant named

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numbered 2,000 heavily armed footmen and 1,000 horsemen. In 1330

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The campaigns of the Bulgarian army in the early 9th century.

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De facto independent Bulgarian states from the Second Empire

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After the Bulgarians conquered the Avar Khanate in 804–805,

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resisted the Byzantine army, which reached its zenith under

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Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204

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as described by the Byzantine historian George Acropolites.

1309: 879:). In that period the Bulgarian army used large numbers of 1064:. Two years later the Bulgarian army numbered 11,000 men. 891:, and were at least nominally under the suzerainty of the 4277:

Annex 9: The siege machines during the reign of Khan Krum

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History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages: Part 2

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History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages: Part 1

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wrote: "Surrounded from all sides like bees on wax, he (

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Die protobulgarische Periode der bulgarischen Geschichte

3163:Към въпроса за образуването на първата българска държава 4176:

The Bulgarians from Pagan Times to the Ottoman Conquest

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to the invaders. Numerous Bulgarian fortresses in the

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was able to lead in battle more than 60,000 soldiers.

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in 811, when the Byzantines burned down the capital,

950:, and the Imperial crown and cross. The army of the 537:. According to inscriptions found in the region of 470:to the north-east. After bloody fights between the 432:sword; or even if riding a war horse in peacetime. 396:The Bulgarian army was well armed according to the 254: 156: 126: 118: 107: 85: 75: 64: 31: 3165:, Славянска филология, V, София, 1963, стр. 89–112 974:(1207–1218), Ivan Asen II decisively defeated the 4075:History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages 3950:History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages 3492:History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages 3469:Детска енциклопедия България: Години на изпитание 3205:History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages 1233:Ottoman commander Lala Shahin on the garrison of 292:infantry. The core of the Bulgarian army was the 5115:Military units and formations of the Middle Ages 3150:Детска енциклопедия България: Държавата – 681 г. 3125:Детска енциклопедия България: Държавата – 681 г. 1156:by the Ottoman Turks and three years later fell 1039:The monk Isay, a witness to the Ottoman invasion 962:, when their Emperor was captured, and again at 3897:Детска енциклопедия България: Залезът на царете 3754:Детска енциклопедия България: Залезът на царете 1218: 1028: 913: 707: 569:The Bulgarians crush the Byzantine army in the 520: 375: 4424:Despotate of Dobruja (Principality of Karvuna) 4320: 3844:Ioannes Cantacuzenus. Historiarum... 3, p.362 1176:The Bulgarian army employed various military 647:Furthermore, in the mid-10th century the new 8: 970:river in 1202. After several setbacks under 436:and less effective than the Bulgar cavalry. 4943:Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School 4210:Rebels and adventurers in Medieval Bulgaria 2445:A battle between Bulgarians and Hungarians. 1388:. Russians were also hired as mercenaries. 1376:, which included Western knights, Mongols, 839:was restored as a result of the successful 605:. Other higher military ranks included the 364:The Bulgars were well versed in the use of 4327: 4313: 4305: 1030:In the country of the people there was no 28: 4189:Byzantium's Neighbours: 1. The Bulgarians 3528:"При Самуил стигаме до Коринт и Далмация" 4352: 3139:, translated by George T. Dennis, p. 117 2792: 2712: 2505: 2448: 2437:after a defeat by the Hungarians in 895. 2321: 1442: 1132:, was annihilated by the Ottomans under 851:; the commander of smaller squads was a 4948:Painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School 4226:A history of the First Bulgarian Empire 3119: 3117: 3018: 3012:Greek Sources for the Bulgarian History 759:, advanced deep to the south as far as 637:During the long years of warfare under 482:perished in one of the battles in 700. 386:On the tactics employed by the Bulgars, 81:632/680 – 1396/1422 AD 3508:. Migne, Patrol. gr., t. 106, col. 934 3387: 3385: 3078:Leo Diakonos, ibid., pp. 62–63 — 1052:. Under his successor the garrison of 621:, and the higher officers were called 3861: 3859: 3517:Skylitzes-Cedrenus, pp. 278, 285, 288 3334: 3332: 3317: 3315: 868:reportedly offered the leader of the 516:capturing the important city of Sofia 268:was the primary military body of the 55:'s head following the victory in the 7: 4260:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: IInd edition. 4246:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: IInd edition. 4139:, Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, pp. 167–169 3008:Гръцки Извори за Българската История 735:Despite those difficulties, Emperor 4178:. Southampton: Thames & Hudson. 3700:"Bulgaria: Second Bulgarian Empire" 3555:"Bulgaria: Basil the Bulgar-Slayer" 674:between 968 and 971 the Bulgarians 457:. According to contemporaries, the 455:Second Arab Siege of Constantinople 4819:Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin 3980:Nicetas Choniata. Historia, p. 835 3875:. London: UCL Press. p. 211. 3675:See Andreev, pp. 154–155 – In the 3394:"Bulgaria: First Bulgarian Empire" 1312:. In addition, after the siege of 958:, were in turn annihilated in the 895:. The army was well supplied with 875:100,000 soldiers to help him take 25: 3366:Прабългарски епиграфски паметници 2914:Bulgarian–Serbian War (1202–1203) 2870:Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924 1415:The battle of Bulgarophygon, 896. 611:which was equal to the Byzantine 5082: 5070: 4845:Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander 4708:Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854 4616: 4611: 4606: 4270:, retrieved on 16 September 2009 4212:(in Bulgarian). Varna: LiterNet. 3604:offered a 40,000-strong army to 3446:Nicolaus Papa. Response, p. 1015 3430:), Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 104 3104:), Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 158 3062:), Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 111 2965: 2810: 2802: 2730: 2722: 2526: 2515: 2466: 2458: 2339: 2331: 1452: 755:, destroyed the Principality of 258:the wars of the Bulgarian Empire 37: 4893:Prominent writers and scholars: 4099:, Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 167 4001:, Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 172 3819:, Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 269 3777:, Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 253 3736:, Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 227 3648:, Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 166 3620:, Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 145 3606:Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor 3284:), Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 19 3229:), Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 19 3186:), Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 26 2824:Bulgarian–Serbian War (839–842) 2376:Battle of the Bosnian Highlands 790:However, a major defeat at the 502:and the salt and gold mines of 4155:Nic. Gregoras. I, р. 455. 7–9. 4029:, Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 47 3971:Symeon Magister, ibid., p. 617 3962:Symeon Magister, ed. Bon., 617 3300:Symeon Magister, ibid., p. 616 1788:Battle of Constantinople (922) 1359:, who were probably Bulgarian 1339:Foreign and mercenary soldiers 1243:attack — for instance at 581:The Rus' invasion of Bulgaria. 424:, which the Bulgarians called 341:The supreme commander was the 1: 4723:Battle of the Gates of Trajan 4229:. London: G. Bell & Sons. 4129:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 4089:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 4019:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3991:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3912:, Amsterdam, 1980, S. 253–254 3809:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3767:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3726:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3638:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3610:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3420:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3274:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3219:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3176:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3094:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 3052:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 1809:Battle of the Gates of Trajan 1439:The battle of Kleidion, 1014. 1423:The battle of Anchialus, 917. 1103:seizing large cities such as 998:Terter and Shishman dynasties 749:battle of the Gates of Trajan 721:battle of the Gates of Trajan 439:In 680, the Byzantines under 111: 5110:Military history of Bulgaria 2433:The Bulgarian army flees to 2353:Croatian–Bulgarian War (854) 1431:The battle of Salonika, 996. 767:peninsula and campaigned in 4286:Journal of Military History 3853:Синодник царя Борила, с. 89 3793:Cantacuzenos, I, p. 429. 19 2892:Bulgarian–Serbian War (998) 2847:Bulgarian–Serbian War (853) 1228:– in a word, jolly fellows. 960:battle of Adrianople (1205) 841:Rebellion of Asen and Peter 601:and the right flank by the 5136: 4809:Uprising of Asen and Peter 4133:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 4093:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 4078:, pp. 359–360, Sofia, 1971 4023:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3995:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3813:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3771:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3730:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3642:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3614:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3424:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3309:Венедиков, София, с. 53–54 3278:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3223:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3180:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3098:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 3056:Balgarskite hanove i tsare 2933: 2912: 2891: 2868: 2845: 2822: 2763: 2742: 2678: 2659: 2636: 2615: 2596: 2577: 2558: 2535: 2478: 2397: 2374: 2351: 2290: 2267: 2246: 2227: 2204: 2183: 2164: 2143: 2120: 2099: 2080: 2059: 2036: 2015: 1994: 1973: 1952: 1933: 1910: 1891: 1872: 1851: 1830: 1807: 1786: 1765: 1744: 1721: 1700: 1681: 1660: 1639: 1618: 1595: 1576: 1555: 1536: 1513: 1490: 1467: 1407:The battle of Pliska, 811. 954:, who established the new 466:to the north-west and the 400:model: the soldiers had a 185:Kingdom of the East Franks 5065: 4978:Holy Forty Martyrs Church 4804:Uprising of Georgi Voyteh 4350: 4254:Zlatarski, Vasil (1971). 4137:Българските ханове и царе 4097:Българските ханове и царе 4027:Българските ханове и царе 3999:Българските ханове и царе 3921:Georgius Monachos, p. 762 3817:Българските ханове и царе 3775:Българските ханове и царе 3734:Българските ханове и царе 3646:Българските ханове и царе 3618:Българските ханове и царе 3428:Българските ханове и царе 3282:Българските ханове и царе 3227:Българските ханове и царе 3184:Българските ханове и царе 3102:Българските ханове и царе 3060:Българските ханове и царе 2399:Croatian Civil War (1000) 1538:Battle of the Rishki Pass 1253:battle of Anchialus (763) 923:Geoffrey of Villehardouin 684:, and in 970, Svyatoslav 36: 4799:Uprising of Peter Delyan 4654:Bulgarian–Hungarian wars 4644:Byzantine–Bulgarian wars 4048:"The Magyars of Hungary" 3895:Cited in Халенбаков, О. 3752:Cited in Халенбаков, О. 3148:Cited in Халенбаков, О. 3123:Cited in Халенбаков, О. 2424:Bulgarian–Hungarian wars 1702:Battle of Boulgarophygon 1398:Byzantine–Bulgarian wars 1275:A drawing of a catapult. 280:of the former, like the 274:Second Bulgarian Empires 4876:Preslav Literary School 4861:Early Cyrillic alphabet 4740:Second Bulgarian Empire 4693:Siege of Constantinople 4649:Croatian–Bulgarian wars 4551:Second Bulgarian Empire 4405:Second Bulgarian Empire 4344:Second Bulgarian Empire 2981:Medieval Bulgarian navy 2680:Siege of Constantinople 2661:Battle of Philippopolis 2317:Bulgarian–Croatian wars 1966:Theophylact Botaneiates 1925:Theophylact Botaneiates 485: 370:firing clouds of arrows 305:Tsar Simeon I the Great 266:medieval Bulgarian army 229:Kingdom of Thessalonica 201:Medieval Serbian states 32:Medieval Bulgarian army 18:Medieval Bulgarian Army 5043:Archbishopric of Ohrid 5013: 4916:Constantine of Preslav 4846: 4831: 4713:Battle of Southern Buh 4681:First Bulgarian Empire 4669:Bulgarian–Serbian wars 4664:Bulgarian–Ottoman wars 4502:First Bulgarian Empire 4399:First Bulgarian Empire 4340:First Bulgarian Empire 2788:Bulgarian–Serbian wars 2708:Bulgarian–Ottoman wars 2631:Boniface of Montferrat 2617:Battle of Messinopolis 2480:Battle of Southern Buh 2446: 2438: 2145:Battle of Arcadiopolis 2061:Battle of Thessalonica 2038:Battle of Thessalonica 1912:Battle of Thessalonica 1440: 1432: 1424: 1416: 1408: 1276: 1240: 1173: 1128:, two feudal lords in 1096: 1042: 932: 843:, who founded the new 832: 787: 726: 582: 574: 531: 394: 389:Strategikon of Maurice 314:Liberation of Bulgaria 5011: 4881:Ohrid Literary School 4844: 4830: 4757:Battle of Klokotnitsa 4733:Battle of Dyrrhachium 3953:, p. 361, Sofia, 1971 3495:, p. 600 Sofia, 1971, 3480:Божилов, 1979; c. 122 3340:"Battle of Anchialus" 3272:Cited in Andreev, J. 3248:"Bulgaria: Beginning" 3208:, p. 214 Sofia, 1971, 3137:Maurice's Strategikon 2444: 2432: 2206:Battle of Klokotnitsa 2017:Battle of Dyrrhachium 1438: 1430: 1422: 1414: 1406: 1274: 1171: 1086: 986:army, fighting under 980:battle of Klokotnitsa 849:velik (great) voivoda 830: 781: 633:Decline under Peter I 580: 568: 102:Pontic–Caspian steppe 4937:Art and architecture 4851:Bulgarian literature 4772:Battle of Rusokastro 4752:Battle of Adrianople 4659:Bulgarian–Latin wars 3458:Cedrenus: II, p. 383 2807:Bulgarian Commander 2727:Bulgarian Commander 2537:Battle of Adrianople 2520:Bulgarian Commander 2501:Bulgarian–Latin wars 2471:Hungarian Commander 2463:Bulgarian Commander 2336:Bulgarian Commander 2292:Battle of Rusokastro 2229:Battle of Adrianople 1853:Battle of Spercheios 1746:Battle of Katasyrtai 1662:Battle of Versinikia 1460:Byzantine Commander 1457:Bulgarian Commander 1380:or came from vassal 1257:battle of Katasyrtai 1210:battle of Adrianople 1058:Michael III Shishman 927:battle of Adrianople 921:Crusader chronicler 792:battle of Spercheios 784:battle of Spercheios 571:battle of Versinikia 443:were crushed in the 282:Despotate of Dobruja 71:(Commander-in-chief) 5077:Bulgaria portal 4911:Chernorizets Hrabar 4871:Old Church Slavonic 4787:Battle of Nicopolis 4777:Battle of Chernomen 4698:Battle of Marcellae 4442:Great Boyar Council 4204:Pavlov, P. (2005). 4196:on 27 October 2009. 3039:„Българска история” 2592:Thierry de Termond 2344:Croatian Commander 1954:Battle of Strumitsa 1683:Siege of Adrianople 1597:Battle of Marcellae 1578:Battle of Litosoria 1557:Battle of Anchialus 1515:Battle of Marcellae 1492:Battle of Anchialus 1304:, machines against 1214:battle of Anchialus 1188:which conveyed the 1154:besieged and seized 1122:Vukašin Mrnjavčević 976:Despotate of Epirus 320:would be restored. 233:Empire of Trebizond 225:Despotate of Epirus 114:12,000 up to 15,000 86:Active regions 5089:History portal 5038:Bulgarian Orthodox 5014: 4926:Evtimiy of Tarnovo 4847: 4832: 4814:Uprising of Ivaylo 4767:Battle of Velbazhd 4728:Battle of Kleidion 4718:Battle of Achelous 4447:Council of Preslav 4387:Old Great Bulgaria 3582:, Historia, р. 458 3504:Ioannis Geometrae 2935:Battle of Velbazhd 2929:Bulgarian victory 2908:Bulgarian victory 2887:Bulgarian victory 2815:Serbian Commander 2759:Bulgarian victory 2735:Ottoman Commander 2493:Bulgarian victory 2447: 2439: 2416:Bulgarian victory 2309:Bulgarian victory 2286:Bulgarian victory 2277:Theodore Svetoslav 2263:Bulgarian victory 2242:Byzantine victory 2223:Bulgarian victory 2200:Bulgarian victory 2179:Bulgarian victory 2160:Bulgarian victory 2139:Bulgarian victory 2116:Bulgarian victory 2095:Byzantine victory 2076:Byzantine victory 2055:Bulgarian victory 2032:Byzantine victory 2011:Byzantine victory 1990:Bulgarian victory 1987:George Gonitsiates 1969:Bulgarian victory 1948:Byzantine victory 1935:Battle of Kleidion 1929:Byzantine victory 1906:Byzantine victory 1887:Byzantine victory 1868:Byzantine victory 1864:Nikephoros Ouranos 1847:Bulgarian victory 1832:Battle of Salonica 1826:Bulgarian victory 1803:Bulgarian victory 1782:Bulgarian victory 1761:Bulgarian victory 1740:Bulgarian victory 1723:Battle of Achelous 1717:Bulgarian victory 1696:Bulgarian victory 1677:Bulgarian victory 1656:Bulgarian victory 1635:Bulgarian victory 1614:Bulgarian victory 1591:Byzantine victory 1572:Byzantine victory 1551:Bulgarian victory 1532:Byzantine victory 1509:Bulgarian victory 1486:Bulgarian victory 1441: 1433: 1425: 1417: 1409: 1277: 1190:Roman military art 1174: 1097: 1062:battle of Velbazhd 1046:Theodore Svetoslav 893:Bulgarian Emperors 833: 813:battle of Kleidion 809:Kingdom of Hungary 788: 696:Cometopuli dynasty 583: 575: 318:Bulgarian military 209:Kingdom of Croatia 197:Kingdom of Hungary 181:Carolingian Empire 77:Dates of operation 5097: 5096: 5060: 5059: 4856:Glagolitic script 4762:Battle of Skafida 4747:Battle of Tryavna 4600:Bulgarian economy 4595:Bulgarian coinage 4054:on 16 August 2009 3932:Niketas Choniates 3706:on 17 August 2009 3677:battle of Tryavna 3580:Ioannes Scylitzes 3561:on 17 August 2009 3400:on 17 August 2009 3254:on 17 August 2009 2956: 2955: 2784: 2783: 2744:Battle of Ihtiman 2704: 2703: 2650:Bulgarian victory 2627:Bulgarian victory 2608:Bulgarian victory 2598:Battle of Rodosto 2589:Bulgarian victory 2570:Bulgarian victory 2549:Bulgarian victory 2497: 2496: 2420: 2419: 2412:Svetoslav Suronja 2393:Croatian victory 2313: 2312: 2269:Battle of Skafida 2219:Theodore Komnenos 2122:Battle of Tryavna 2082:Battle of Ostrovo 2029:Niketas Pegonites 1843:Gregory Taronites 1775:Theodore Sigritsa 1673:Michael I Rangabe 1386:Byzantine Emperor 1335:of the fortress. 1146:Rhodope mountains 1134:Lala Shahin Pasha 714:Byzantine writer 262: 261: 244:Republic of Genoa 69:Bulgarian Emperor 16:(Redirected from 5127: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5033:Eastern Orthodox 5028:Christianisation 4955:Famous examples: 4931:Gregory Tsamblak 4906:Clement of Ohrid 4782:Siege of Tarnovo 4703:Battle of Pliska 4620: 4615: 4610: 4578:Michael Shishman 4496:Important rulers 4426:(1337/1346–1413) 4420:(1371–1396/1422) 4418:Tsardom of Vidin 4407:(1185–1396/1422) 4353: 4329: 4322: 4315: 4306: 4301: 4275: 4266: 4261: 4252: 4247: 4238:Zlatarski, Vasil 4235: 4230: 4221:Runciman, Steven 4218: 4213: 4202: 4197: 4192:. Archived from 4184: 4179: 4169: 4156: 4153: 4147: 4125: 4119: 4116: 4107: 4085: 4079: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4050:. Archived from 4043: 4037: 4015: 4009: 3987: 3981: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3954: 3945: 3939: 3936:Isaac II Angelos 3928: 3922: 3919: 3913: 3906: 3900: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3863: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3827: 3805: 3794: 3791: 3785: 3763: 3757: 3750: 3744: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3702:. Archived from 3695: 3689: 3673: 3667: 3662: 3656: 3634: 3628: 3598: 3592: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3557:. Archived from 3550: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3534:on 13 April 2008 3530:. Archived from 3524: 3518: 3515: 3509: 3502: 3496: 3487: 3481: 3478: 3472: 3465: 3459: 3456: 3447: 3444: 3438: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3396:. Archived from 3389: 3380: 3375: 3369: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3342:. Archived from 3336: 3327: 3319: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3292: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3250:. Archived from 3243: 3237: 3215: 3209: 3200: 3194: 3172: 3166: 3159: 3153: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3121: 3112: 3090: 3084: 3076: 3070: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3029: 3023: 2991:Medieval warfare 2975: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2952:Serbian victory 2943:Michael Shishman 2864:Serbian victory 2841:Serbian victory 2814: 2806: 2793: 2780:Ottoman victory 2765:Siege of Tarnovo 2734: 2726: 2713: 2638:Battle of Beroia 2621:4 September 1207 2579:Battle of Rusion 2560:Battle of Serres 2531:Latin Commander 2530: 2519: 2506: 2470: 2462: 2449: 2343: 2335: 2322: 2248:Battle of Devina 2189:21–24 March 1201 2166:Battle of Serres 2135:Isaac II Angelos 2112:Isaac II Angelos 1996:Battle of Setina 1975:Battle of Bitola 1874:Battle of Skopje 1641:Battle of Pliska 1620:Siege of Serdica 1456: 1443: 1238: 1182:Balkan mountains 1040: 1016:Constantine Tikh 1014:against Emperor 930: 837:Bulgarian Empire 724: 560:Simeon the Great 529: 508:battle of Pliska 392: 255:Battles and wars 161:Byzantine Empire 151:Empire of Nicaea 131:Byzantine Empire 122:Bulgarian Empire 113: 78: 57:battle of Pliska 51:made of Emperor 41: 29: 21: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5124: 5120:Medieval armies 5100: 5099: 5098: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5071: 5069: 5061: 5023:Slavic Paganism 5006: 4958: 4939: 4921:John the Exarch 4896: 4866:Cyrillic script 4839: 4824: 4795: 4793:Major uprisings 4688:Battle of Ongal 4677: 4640: 4605: 4591: 4498: 4433: 4395: 4373: 4346: 4333: 4283: 4273: 4264: 4253: 4250: 4236: 4233: 4219: 4216: 4203: 4200: 4186:Lowe, Stephen. 4185: 4182: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4126: 4122: 4117: 4110: 4086: 4082: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4016: 4012: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3946: 3942: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3907: 3903: 3894: 3890: 3883: 3865: 3864: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3806: 3797: 3792: 3788: 3764: 3760: 3751: 3747: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3674: 3670: 3663: 3659: 3635: 3631: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3512: 3503: 3499: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3475: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3391: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3372: 3363: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3346:on 18 June 2008 3338: 3337: 3330: 3320: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3216: 3212: 3201: 3197: 3173: 3169: 3161:Петров П. Хр., 3160: 3156: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3122: 3115: 3091: 3087: 3077: 3073: 3049: 3045: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 2999: 2973:Bulgaria portal 2971: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2948:Stefan Dečanski 2855:Vladimir-Rasate 2791: 2711: 2699:John of Brienne 2583:31 January 1206 2504: 2427: 2320: 2101:Siege of Lovech 2089:Peter II Delyan 2046:Peter II Delyan 1893:Battle of Kreta 1767:Battle of Pegae 1469:Battle of Ongal 1401: 1394: 1341: 1269: 1267:Siege equipment 1239: 1232: 1166: 1041: 1038: 1000: 931: 920: 897:siege equipment 825: 725: 718: 713: 698: 635: 619:Steven Runciman 530: 527: 500:Pannonian Plain 488: 445:battle of Ongal 393: 387: 385: 331: 329:7th–8th century 326: 76: 60: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5133: 5131: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5102: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5079: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5048:Roman Catholic 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4968:Great Basilica 4965: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4889: 4888: 4886:Royal charters 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4835: 4833: 4822: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4673: 4672: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4636: 4635: 4634: 4632:Bulgarian navy 4629: 4627:Bulgarian army 4622: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4587: 4586: 4585: 4583:Ivan Alexander 4580: 4575: 4573:Konstantin Tih 4570: 4565: 4560: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4431:Administration 4429: 4428: 4427: 4421: 4409: 4408: 4402: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4324: 4317: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4292:(3): 719–746. 4280: 4279: 4274:(in Bulgarian) 4271: 4262: 4251:(in Bulgarian) 4248: 4234:(in Bulgarian) 4231: 4214: 4201:(in Bulgarian) 4198: 4180: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4148: 4120: 4108: 4080: 4072:Zlatarski, V. 4065: 4038: 4010: 3982: 3973: 3964: 3955: 3947:Zlatarski, V. 3940: 3923: 3914: 3908:Beševliev V., 3901: 3888: 3881: 3855: 3846: 3837: 3828: 3795: 3786: 3758: 3745: 3717: 3690: 3668: 3657: 3629: 3593: 3584: 3572: 3545: 3519: 3510: 3497: 3489:Zlatarski, V. 3482: 3473: 3460: 3448: 3439: 3411: 3381: 3370: 3357: 3328: 3311: 3302: 3293: 3265: 3238: 3210: 3202:Zlatarski, V. 3195: 3167: 3154: 3141: 3129: 3113: 3085: 3071: 3043: 3030: 3027:pp. 719 – 746. 3017: 3016: 3015: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2988: 2986:Byzantine army 2983: 2977: 2976: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2919: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2904:Jovan Vladimir 2901: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2808: 2800: 2797: 2790: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2749: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2728: 2720: 2717: 2710: 2705: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2690: 2685: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2524: 2521: 2513: 2510: 2503: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2464: 2456: 2453: 2426: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2337: 2329: 2326: 2319: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2307: 2305:Andronikos III 2302: 2300:Ivan Alexander 2297: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2253: 2250: 2244: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2190: 2187: 2185:Siege of Varna 2181: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2156:Basil Vatatzes 2153: 2150: 2147: 2141: 2140: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2066: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2025:Ivan Vladislav 2022: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2004:Ivan Vladislav 2001: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1962:Gavril Radomir 1959: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1779:Pothos Argyros 1777: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1751: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1707: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1625: 1622: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1610:Constantine VI 1607: 1602: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1562: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1482:Constantine IV 1479: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1450: 1447: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1340: 1337: 1286:battering rams 1268: 1265: 1230: 1186:Byzantine army 1165: 1162: 1111:, Dianopolis ( 1036: 999: 996: 942:, Kaloyan and 918: 901:battering rams 877:Constantinople 870:Fourth Crusade 824: 821: 716:John Geometres 711: 697: 694: 634: 631: 525: 487: 486:Krum's dynasty 484: 441:Constantine IV 383: 330: 327: 325: 322: 288:cavalry and a 260: 259: 256: 252: 251: 248:Ottoman Empire 158: 154: 153: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 109: 105: 104: 94:Central Europe 87: 83: 82: 79: 73: 72: 66: 62: 61: 47:feasts with a 42: 34: 33: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5132: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5068: 5067: 5064: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5012:Saint Theodor 5010: 5005: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4983:Boyana Church 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4676: 4675:Major battles 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4553: 4552: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4503: 4497: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4318: 4316: 4311: 4310: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4272: 4269: 4263: 4259: 4258: 4249: 4245: 4244: 4239: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4145:954-427-216-X 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4105:954-427-216-X 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4069: 4066: 4053: 4049: 4046:Steven Lowe. 4042: 4039: 4036: 4035:954-427-216-X 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4007:954-427-216-X 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3983: 3977: 3974: 3968: 3965: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3930:For instance 3927: 3924: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3884: 3882:1-85728-495-X 3878: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3825:954-427-216-X 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3783:954-427-216-X 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3742:954-427-216-X 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3721: 3718: 3705: 3701: 3698:Steven Lowe. 3694: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3678: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3654:954-427-216-X 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3626:954-427-216-X 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3573: 3560: 3556: 3553:Steven Lowe. 3549: 3546: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3506:Carmina varia 3501: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3486: 3483: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3436:954-427-216-X 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3399: 3395: 3392:Steven Lowe. 3388: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3364:Бешелиев, В. 3361: 3358: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3290:954-427-216-X 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3253: 3249: 3246:Steven Lowe. 3242: 3239: 3236: 3235:954-427-216-X 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3206: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3192:954-427-216-X 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3110:954-427-216-X 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3068:954-427-216-X 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3022: 3019: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2963: 2958: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2786: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2706: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2671:Latin victory 2670: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2602:February 1206 2601: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541:14 April 1205 2540: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2499: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2443: 2436: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2315: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021:February 1018 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727:20 August 917 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1569:Constantine V 1568: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1548:Constantine V 1547: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1528:Constantine V 1526: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1437: 1429: 1421: 1413: 1405: 1399: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1273: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1236: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1206: 1203: 1202:Varbitsa Pass 1199: 1198:was destroyed 1195: 1194:Constantine V 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1170: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:Jovan Uglješa 1123: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1069:Ottoman Turks 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1035: 1033: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1006: 997: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 928: 924: 917: 912: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 871: 867: 862: 860: 856: 855: 850: 846: 842: 838: 829: 822: 820: 816: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 785: 780: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 722: 717: 710: 706: 704: 703:light cavalry 695: 693: 691: 687: 683: 679: 678: 673: 672:Rus' invasion 669: 666: 665: 661: 657: 653: 650: 645: 640: 632: 630: 628: 624: 620: 617:according to 616: 615: 610: 609: 604: 600: 596: 595: 590: 589: 579: 572: 567: 563: 561: 557: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 524: 519: 517: 514:(813), while 513: 510:(811) and at 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 460: 456: 452: 451: 446: 442: 437: 433: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 390: 382: 380: 374: 371: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 339: 336: 328: 323: 321: 319: 315: 311: 306: 301: 299: 295: 294:heavy cavalry 291: 287: 283: 279: 278:Puppet states 275: 271: 267: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 159: 155: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 129: 125: 121: 117: 110: 106: 103: 99: 95: 91: 88: 84: 80: 74: 70: 67: 63: 58: 54: 50: 46: 40: 35: 30: 27: 19: 5003: 4973:Round Church 4963:Madara Rider 4954: 4953: 4952: 4936: 4892: 4891: 4890: 4836: 4823: 4792: 4739: 4738: 4737: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4637: 4626: 4604: 4588: 4568:Ivan Asen II 4550: 4549: 4548: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4430: 4411: 4410: 4392: 4370: 4289: 4285: 4265:(in English) 4256: 4242: 4225: 4217:(in English) 4209: 4194:the original 4188: 4183:(in English) 4175: 4168:(in English) 4151: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4127:Andreev, J. 4123: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4087:Andreev, J. 4083: 4073: 4068: 4058:15 September 4056:. 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M. 3321:Иванов, И. 3083:Byzantium." 2173:Ivan Asen I 2152:Ivan Asen I 2130:Ivan Asen I 2126:Spring 1190 2105:Spring 1190 2065:Autumn 1040 2000:Autumn 1017 1979:Autumn 1015 1958:August 1014 1857:16 July 996 1813:16 July 986 1666:22 June 813 1645:26 July 811 1582:October 774 1561:30 June 763 1374:mercenaries 1306:battlements 1087:The castle 940:Ivan Asen I 765:Peloponnese 276:, and some 217:Kievan Rus' 143:East Franks 5104:Categories 5053:Bogomilism 4901:Saint Naum 4837:Literature 4473:(992–1018) 4451:Capitals: 4401:(681–1018) 4162:References 3681:Holy Cross 2692:Bulgarian 2384:Alogobotur 2380:27 May 926 2282:Michael IX 2092:Michael IV 2051:Michael IV 1920:Nestoritsa 1836:Summer 996 1758:Leo Phokas 1750:August 917 1736:Leo Phokas 1706:Summer 896 1624:Spring 809 1325:Adrianople 1318:Greek fire 1249:Versinikia 1117:Adrianople 1073:Bogomilism 1005:separatism 745:Cometopuli 629:or boils. 528:Theophanes 512:Versinikia 391:, Ch. 13.2 366:stratagems 333:The early 250:and others 4993:Baba Vida 4988:Tsarevets 4638:Conflicts 4483:Nicopolis 4467:(972–992) 4461:(893–972) 4455:(681–893) 4359:Military 4298:0899-3718 2918:1202–1203 2837:Vlastimir 2796:Battle 1 2642:June 1205 2564:June 1205 2553:Baldwin I 2370:Alliance 2366:Trpimir I 1916:July 1014 1800:Saktikios 1771:March 922 1392:Conflicts 1382:Wallachia 1378:Ossetians 1361:federates 1357:Pechenegs 1314:Mesembria 1298:catapults 1294:mangonels 1290:ballistas 1247:(792) or 1138:Chernomen 1130:Macedonia 1089:Baba Vida 1067:When the 988:Batu Khan 952:Crusaders 909:catapults 885:Wallachia 873:Baldwin I 686:massacred 614:strategos 408:, a long 316:, that a 213:Pechenegs 169:Caliphate 157:Opponents 139:Pechenegs 49:skull cup 5018:Tengrism 5004:Religion 4534:Simeon I 4509:Asparukh 4362:Culture 4268:Bulgaria 4240:(1971). 4223:(1930). 4174:(1976). 3869:(1999). 3602:Peter IV 3600:Emperor 2959:See also 2878:Simeon I 2694:victory 2674:Henry I 2611:Unknown 2573:Unknown 2487:Simeon I 2435:Silistra 2389:Tomislav 2008:Basil II 1945:Basil II 1903:Basil II 1884:Basil II 1822:Basil II 1796:Simeon I 1792:June 922 1754:Simeon I 1731:Simeon I 1710:Simeon I 1477:Asparukh 1245:Marcelae 1231:— 1077:Adamites 1037:— 1012:rebelled 936:Peter IV 919:— 889:Moldavia 769:Dalmatia 753:Thessaly 741:Basil II 712:— 690:Silistra 677:de facto 526:— 518:in 809. 492:Marcelae 480:Asparukh 474:and the 384:— 272:and the 98:Pannonia 4998:Cherven 4589:Economy 4563:Kaloyan 4539:Peter I 4529:Boris I 4524:Omurtag 4477:Tarnovo 4459:Preslav 4377:Bulgars 4338:on the 3899:, с. 18 3756:, с. 16 3686:Tarnovo 3471:, с. 14 3368:, с. 37 3152:, с. 12 3127:, с. 13 2922:Kaloyan 2874:917–924 2860:Mutimir 2832:Presian 2818:Result 2777:Chelebi 2773:Evtimiy 2756:Unknown 2738:Result 2716:Battle 2654:Henry I 2624:Unknown 2605:Kaloyan 2586:Kaloyan 2567:Kaloyan 2545:Kaloyan 2523:Result 2509:Battle 2490:Unknown 2474:Result 2452:Battle 2361:Boris I 2347:Result 2325:Battle 2239:Unknown 2236:Unknown 2197:Unknown 2193:Kaloyan 2108:Unknown 2073:Unknown 2069:Alusian 1714:Unknown 1693:Unknown 1632:Unknown 1588:Unknown 1585:Unknown 1463:Result 1446:Battle 1200:in the 1178:tactics 1164:Tactics 1150:Tarnovo 1105:Plovdiv 1054:Plovdiv 1050:Skafida 1020:Tarnovo 992:Subutai 978:in the 972:Boril I 948:Balkans 925:on the 866:Kaloyan 859:strator 854:voivoda 797:Preslav 763:on the 761:Corinth 719:on the 682:Preslav 656:Magyars 649:Bogomil 644:Peter I 627:bolyars 608:tarkhan 599:kavkhan 588:kavkhan 543:Preslav 472:Dnester 468:Khazars 450:de jure 359:tarkhan 351:bagatur 335:Bulgars 324:History 310:Ottoman 189:Magyars 165:Khazars 119:Part of 90:Balkans 65:Leaders 4544:Samuel 4514:Tervel 4465:Skopje 4453:Pliska 4393:States 4371:Origin 4356:State 4336:Topics 4296: 4143: 4103: 4033: 4005: 3879: 3823: 3781: 3740: 3652: 3624: 3538:7 June 3434: 3350:7 June 3288: 3233: 3190: 3108: 3066: 2926:Emeric 2899:Samuel 2828:839–42 2407:Samuel 2256:Ivaylo 1942:Samuil 1900:Samuil 1881:Samuil 1860:Samuil 1839:Samuil 1817:Samuil 1605:Kardam 1565:Telets 1545:Vinekh 1523:Vinekh 1500:Tervel 1353:Pliska 1142:vassal 1115:) and 1113:Yambol 1109:Beroia 1101:Thrace 1075:, the 1009:Ivailo 984:Mongol 968:Morava 964:Rusion 857:and a 801:Pliska 773:Bosnia 757:Duklja 737:Samuil 730:ambush 652:heresy 623:bagain 551:Shabla 547:Madara 539:Pliska 535:Thrace 476:Dneper 426:arkani 420:and a 412:and a 379:Romans 347:bagain 298:Europe 290:Slavic 286:Bulgar 237:Mongol 235:, the 179:under 177:Franks 167:, the 147:Cumans 127:Allies 4489:Vidin 4471:Ohrid 2997:Notes 2883:Petar 2799:Date 2719:Date 2668:Boril 2646:Boril 2512:Date 2455:Date 2328:Date 2260:Murin 2176:Isaac 1983:Ivats 1449:Date 1369:Cuman 1329:Varna 1235:Sofia 1226:rakia 1158:Vidin 1093:Vidin 1032:knyaz 916:loss! 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