1158:
die to defend the state. Meng thus had Li Hao write Gao back, rejecting the overture. Gao subsequently offered his services to Guo in attacking Later Shu. In preparation against the coming Later Zhou invasion, Meng had the generals Zhao
Chongtao, his elder brother Meng Yiye (孟貽業), Zhao Sijin (趙思進), and Gao Yanchou take up defensive positions various passes into Shu lands. The invasion never came, though, as Guo fell ill and died in summer 959. Nevertheless, the Later Shu people were frightened about the prospects of the invasion. The junior official Xu Jifu (徐及甫), who was upset at his lack of promotions within the Later Shu government, thereafter tried to use this opportunity to plot a coup—planning to support Wang Jian's grandson Wang Lingyi (王令儀) as the coup leader. When it became clear that Later Zhou was not invading, however, the plot was leaked by its members. Xu committed suicide, and Meng ordered Wang to commit suicide. In the aftermaths of Guo's death, the Later Zhou general
960:—feared that the Later Han emperor would not tolerate him, and therefore instead sent emissaries submitting his circuit to Later Shu. At Zhao's request, Meng Chang launched a large army and put it under the command of the former Later Jin general Zhang Qianzhao (張虔昭), who had submitted to Later Shu, to aid Zhao. He also had Wang Chuhui write Hou Yi (侯益) the Later Han military governor of Fengxiang, persuading Hou to submit to Later Shu as well. Hou agreed, and the Later Shu army approaching Jinchang's capital Jingzhao Municipality (京兆) appeared to be ready to add large amounts of territory to Later Shu. However, Zhao's staff member Li Shu (李恕) persuaded Zhao to change his mind and submit to Later Han instead; he sent Li to Later Han's capital Kaifeng to beg Liu's forgiveness. Hearing Zhao's change of mind, Hou also sent messengers to Liu, begging forgiveness as well. Liu sent the general
1074:, was planning an invasion to recover Feng, Qin, Cheng, and Jie Prefectures. He was planning on sending his attendant Zhao Jizha (趙季札) to those prefectures to review their preparedness for the impending Later Zhou invasion. Before departing Chengdu, Zhao, who was ambitious and considered himself to have both administrative and military abilities, stated to Meng his belief that neither Han Jixun (韓繼勳) the military governor of Xiongwu Circuit nor Wang Wandi (王萬迪) the prefect of Feng Prefecture had the abilities to lead large armies to defend against the Later Zhou attack. Rather, he recommended himself to do so. Meng thus made Zhao the monitor of the Xiongwu army and gave him 1,000 elite soldiers to accompany him to Xiongwu to prepare the defense. Meng also ordered Wang Zhaoyuan to review the troop situation on the northern border with Later Zhou.
1122:, and also the acts of the late Emperor , both at Taiyuan and in conquering the Shu region. Under them, unless the generals had great accomplishments, they would not be allowed to command armies, so the soldiers became respectful and fearful. Among our current generals, Wang Zhaoyuan was originally a servant of ours; and Yi Shenzheng, Han Baozhen , and Zhao Chongtao are all young, inexperienced sons from aristocratic families. None of them had real military experience, and we are merely commissioning them because of their relationships with us. In ordinary times, no one would dare to object. But if there are troubles on the borders, how can they battle the great enemies? The way I see it, only Gao Yanchou is an old soldier from Taiyuan who would not abuse your trust. No other is suitable.
1226:(i.e., Song proper). Assisting Wang on the campaign were Zhao Chongtao, Han Baozhen, and Li Jin (李進). Han and Li were quickly captured by the Song officer Li Yande (吏延德), and after that, the Later Shu forces under Wang lost battle after battle. Fearful that the Song forces would soon be descending on Chengdu, Meng dispatched another army with Meng Xuanzhe in titular command but with Li Tinggui and Zhang Hui'an (張惠安) in actual command, to set up defense position at Jianmen Pass. Before Meng Xuanzhe's army could reach Jianmen, however, Wang Quanbin's army bypassed Jianmen and to try to cut off Wang Zhaoyuan's path back to Chengdu. Wang Zhaoyuan tried to engage Wang Quanbin, but his army was defeated, and both he and Zhao were captured. Meng Xuanzhe took his army and fled back to Chengdu.
1058:
security measures at the Later Shu palace itself had been strengthened, and An came to believe that Meng was doing so because Meng suspected him. Further, he was harsh with the imperial guard soldiers, often putting soldiers to death. Indeed, at times when he dismissed soldiers from imperial guard service due to his dissatisfactions with them, but Meng overruled him and kept the soldiers on the imperial guard rolls, he would find ways to have those soldiers killed. Believing the accusations by the official Wang Zao (王藻) that An was plotting treason, Meng had An and his three sons arrested and executed. He also removed Sun
Hanshao from his imperial guard command, apparently concerned about Sun as well. The imperial guard command was divided between 10 generals.
1098:
back to
Chengdu; his assistant Zhao Pin (趙玭) surrendered the city. Subsequently, Cheng and Jie also surrendered to Later Zhou. Wang Jing subsequently captured Feng Prefecture as well after a siege. In fear, Meng wrote Guo, requesting peace between the two states; on the letter, he referred to himself as "Emperor of the Great Shu." Displeased that Meng would dare to consider himself an equal, Guo refused to respond. In fear that Guo would launch a further attack deeper into Later Shu territory, Meng mobilized large armies and stationed them at
1004:
Zhang and his son Zhang Jizhao (張繼昭) were plotting treason. Believing in Sun's accusations, Meng arrested and put Zhang Ye and Zhang Jizhao to death. Meanwhile, An also laid similar accusations against Wang Chuhui and Zhao
Tingyin. However, Meng did not wish to kill either of them, and allowed them to retire. Believing that much had been hidden from him while Zhang Ye and Wang Chuhui were in control of the government, Meng set up chests in front of the palace, allowing the people to make secret reports to him by putting them in the chests.
770:
accused Li Renhan of plotting treason. After consulting with Zhao
Jiliang and Zhao Tingyin, Meng decided to arrest him while he was attending an imperial meeting, and then put him to death, along with his son Li Jihong (李繼宏) and several associates. Shocked by the development, the senior general Li Zhao (李肇), who had previously refused to bow to the young emperor, changed his attitude and became very submissive. Meng's associates advocated putting Li Zhao to death, too, but Meng did not do so, instead forcing Li Zhao into retirement.
1043:
aware of his plot—to see Shao. At the meeting, Wang killed Shao and then ordered his family be slaughtered, claiming to Sun that he had been given a secret imperial edict to execute Shao. Sun initially believed him, but when Sun then insisted on seeing the edict, Wang stated, "I can make you powerful. Do not question me too much." Sun, by this time aware that there was no such edict, fled, and mobilized the army. They attacked and captured Wang. He then executed Wang and delivered Wang's head to
Chengdu.
1202:
letter he possessed to the Song emperor. The Song emperor happily stated, "I now have a justification for a campaign!" He pardoned the other two messengers as well, and had all three of them map out the Later Shu geography as well as locations of key garrisons, in preparation for the coming campaign. Shortly after, he launched 60,000 men to attack on two fronts, through Feng
Prefecture on the north side of Later Shu (commanded by the general Wang Quanbin (王全斌)), and from Gui Prefecture (歸州, in modern
1130:
Later Shu. To reciprocate, Meng also some 80 Later Zhou officers captured in the campaign back to Later Zhou, and against wrote Guo, asking for friendly relations. However, Guo was again displeased with the letter's expression of equal status, and therefore again refused to respond. When Meng heard of this, he angrily stated, "When we became emperor and were offering sacrifices to heaven and earth, you were still a bandit. How dare you do this to us?"
1198:) of Feng Prefecture with orders for him to survey the geography of the region, to prepare an eventual invasion of Later Shu. Li Hao, suspecting that a Song invasion was soon coming and concerned that it would be difficult to stand against such an invasion, now advocated for Later Shu to submit to Song as a vassal. Wang Zhaoyuan strongly opposed, however, and so Meng Chang reacted by again ramping up defenses to prepare for invasion.
1078:
causing a general panic in the city as well, as the populace to believe that the Later Shu army had already suffered a major defeat. When Meng met him to inquire him as to what was happening on the front, he was unable to answer. In anger, Meng put him to death. Meng sent the generals Li
Tinggui (李廷珪) and Gao Yanchou (高彥儔) to the front to combat the Later Zhou army. He also sent emissaries to other rival states of Later Zhou's—
691:), and tensions began to escalate, particularly after Meng executed an official that Li Siyuan sent to be the monitor of the Xichuan army, Li Yan (李嚴), in 927. At that time, Meng had sent messengers to escort his wife (who had been created the Grand Princess Qionghua), Meng Renzan's mother Lady Li, and Meng Renzan to Xichuan. When they reached Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern
843:
often corrupt and unresponsive to the concerns of the people. Meng became aware of this and, in 941, he reformed the situation by stripping Zhao
Tingyin, Wang, and Zhang of their military governorships while giving them other honorary titles. He subsequently sent five civilian officials to five circuits to serve as their acting military governors.
1035:, acting chief of staff to replace Gao. It was said that he entrusted much of the affairs of state to Yi, and while Yi was ambitious and hardworking, he was also greedy and wasteful. With Yi and Wang Zhaoyuan in charge of much of the governance, it was said that Meng's governance of Later Shu began to decline from that point.
1249:
him, "As you now seek better fortune, your prior offenses are forgiven. We will not go back on our own words. You should not worry." The edict did not refer to Meng Chang by name, to show a degree of respect to him, and also referred to
Empress Dowager Li as "the Mother of the State" to also show similar respect to her.
1106:. As the armies' expenses were causing a drain on the imperial treasury, he minted money with iron and began to collect iron items as tax payments, causing distress among the people. (However, with Guo shortly after launching a major attack on Southern Tang, he did not continue his attack on Later Shu at this point.)
630:, and had married Li Cunxu's cousin as his wife. Meng Renzan, however, was not born of her, but rather of a different Lady Li—one who had previously been a concubine of Li Cunxu's, but whom Li Cunxu had awarded to Meng Zhixiang as a concubine. He was Meng Zhixiang's fifth son but the third to grow up.
1239:
At Li Hao's suggestion, he sealed the imperial treasury and begged the Song army to allow him to surrender, sending Yi Shenzheng to the front to submit his surrender petition. When Yi reached Wang Quanbin's army, Wang Quanbin accepted the petition, and sent the officer Kang Yanze (康延澤) to Chengdu to
1176:
Later in 962, Meng ordered a closer review of the tax rolls for the prefectures under Later Shu control, hoping to collect more revenues by stricter enforcement of the tax code. The county magistrate Si Chun (四淳) submitted a petition, arguing that stricter enforcement would merely put greater stress
1157:
to Later Zhou), Guo was also making preparations for another campaign against Later Shu. Meng was concerned sufficiently that he submitted the matter to discussions by his senior officials. All of the senior generals argued that the Shu lands had natural defenses and swore that they were willing to
1133:
In 958, there was a time when the low level advisory official Zhang Jiuling (章九齡) had the chance to meet Meng. He stated to Meng that the reason why the imperial governance was ineffective was because the government was controlled by wicked people. When Meng asked him who the wicked people were, he
1109:
In 956, Meng, while maintaining the division of the imperial guards between 10 generals, put Li Tinggui in overall command of the imperial guards. Meanwhile, though, the popular opinion was that Li, as a general who had lost the campaign against Later Zhou, should not be in command. Li thus offered
1003:
was arrogant and wasteful, and he had seized many people's properties, drawing resentment. He was also protecting fugitives and putting people who owed him money in jail. The imperial guard commander Sun Hanshao (孫漢韶), who had previous conflicts with Zhang, thus submitted an accusation to Meng that
964:
toward Jinchang and Fengxiang to prepare to combat the Later Shu troops, with instructions to attack Zhao and Hou if they again change their mind. Zhao, however, left for Kaifeng quickly, and Hou, after some hesitation, also did so, allowing Wang's army to take over control of their circuits. (Wang
881:
In 943, Meng issued an edict for general selections of females ranging from age 12 to 19, to fill his palace with concubines. This greatly disturbed the people, and there were many households that quickly married off their daughters to avoid having the daughters selected. When the county magistrate
842:
Ever since Later Shu's founding, major generals had been frequently given military governorships but would remain at the capital Chengdu to continue to oversee imperial army operations. This led to their neglect of the governance of the circuits as they left the governance to staff members, who were
1097:
Meanwhile, the Later Shu forces were initially able to repel the Later Zhou attack, but eventually, after a battle in which the Later Shu general Wang Luan (王巒) was captured by Wang Jing, the Later Shu army went into a panic, forcing Li and Gao to retreat. Han then abandoned Qin Prefecture and fled
1024:
his chiefs of staff, but as they were perceived to lack sufficient seniority, gave them lesser offices and made them acting chiefs of staff, while giving them free rein in the matters of finance. Wang Zhaoyuan, in particular, was allowed to take from the treasury at will, with no accounting of what
769:
Immediately after Meng Chang's assumption of the throne, Li Renhan insisted on being put in command of the imperial guards. Meng Chang initially reluctantly agreed and put him in command, making Zhao Tingyin his deputy. However, Zhang Gongduo and several of Meng Chang's close associates thereafter
703:
thus detained them at Fengxiang for some time, but Li Siyuan subsequently ordered that they be allowed to continue to proceed to Xichuan. (An older brother of his, whose name was lost to history and who was born of the Grand Princess, however, was not apparently not allowed to proceed to Xichuan.)
1248:
At the time he surrendered, Meng Chang also sent his brother Meng Renzhi (孟仁贄) to the Song capital Kaifeng to express his humility and fear, including the language, "I considered myself to have too many sins, and therefore I fear and worry." The Song emperor responded in an edict to try to comfort
1201:
In 964, at Wang's suggestion, Meng wrote secret letters hidden in wax pills and tried to have three covert messengers deliver them to Liu Jun, suggesting simultaneous preemptive strikes on Song. However, once in Song territory, one of the messengers defected to Song and offered the contents of the
995:
that doing so was risky. An's army, however, was bogged down at the front with Later Han and, when it ran out of food, was forced to withdraw. With hopes of Later Shu aid gone and Zhao Hui sieging his capital Fengxiang Municipality, Wang committed suicide. Zhao Siwan surrendered to the Later Han
936:
and the Khitan alike. However, one of them, He Chongjian (何重建) the military governor of Xiongwu Circuit (雄武, headquartered at Qin Prefecture) refused to submit to Liao, and, after executing a Liao emissary to his circuit, surrendered his circuit (including Qin, Jie, and Cheng Prefectures) to Later
1129:
Meanwhile, also in 957, apparently as a posture of goodwill, Guo sent several thousand Later Shu soldiers that he captured during the Qin/Feng campaign, whom he had previously made into a special Huai'en Army (懷恩軍) and put under command of the captured Later Shu officer Xiao Zhiyuan (蕭知遠), back to
973:
However, soon came another potential chance for territory gains. Hou, upon arrival at Kaifeng, gave many gifts to the key officials that Liu Zhiyuan instructed to assist the new young emperor Liu Chengyou, and was able to gain substantial influence at the Later Han court, including being made the
969:
was unaware of the deceased emperor's instructions. Hou, hearing news of this, quickly left for Kaifeng.) Wang subsequently defeated the Later Shu army in relatively minor engagements, leading to the Later Shu army's withdrawal, ending Later Shu's hopes of large territorial gains for the moment.
1229:
Hearing of Wang Zhaoyuan's and Zhao's capture, Meng Chang was panicking and initially could not decide what to do. He consulted the remaining senior officers. Shi Fengjun advocated defending Chengdu, believing that the Song army could not persist in a siege. Meng, however, rejected that idea,
1042:
Later in 952, there was a disturbance at Wude Circuit (i.e., Dongchuan). The acting military governor of Wude, Shao Yanjun (邵延鈞) had been disrespectful to the monitor of the Wude army, Wang Chengpi (王承丕), such that Wang became very resentful of him. He took the officer Sun Qin (孫欽)—who was not
874:) Prefectures to distract Later Jin's forces. After discussing with his officials, Meng concluded that sending a small army would not substantially aid An, and sending a large army would create great logistical problems. He thus declined to aid An. (An was subsequently defeated by the general
1077:
Shortly after, Later Zhou launched its attack, with its armies commanded by the generals Wang Jing (王景) the military governor of Fengxiang and Xiang Xun (向訓). On the way to the front, Zhao, hearing of the actual launching of the Later Zhou attack, panicked, and fled back to Chengdu by himself,
990:
rebelling at Jingzhao. Wang thus decided to rebel as well, allying himself with Li and Zhao Siwan, while at the same time also sending emissaries to submit to Later Shu. Zhao Siwan also did so. Later Shu launched troops to try to aid Wang and Zhao Siwan, but the Later Shu army was initially
716:
Meng Zhixiang later consolidated his control over the region, taking control of Dongchuan and nearby smaller circuits as well, and also carried the Later Tang-bestowed title of Prince of Shu. In 934, shortly after Li Siyuan's death, Meng Zhixiang declared himself emperor of a new state of Shu
1057:
Meanwhile, the people of the Later Shu realm had been much resentful of An Siqian's involvement in Zhang Ye's death and in the removal of Zhao Tingyin. An was also blamed for the failures of the Later Shu army in aiding Wang Jingchong. By 954, when An was commanding the imperial guards, the
1038:
In 952, a major flood occurred at the Later Shu capital Chengdu, such that more than 5,000 people drowned and more than 1,000 homes were destroyed. Even four of the halls at the imperial temple were damaged. Meng issued a general pardon and authorized stipends for the victims of the flood.
1153:, who carried the title of Prince of Nanping as a vassal of Later Zhou, wrote Meng repeatedly, urging him to submit as a vassal to Later Zhou. With his campaign against Southern Tang over (concluding with Southern Tang's submission as a vassal and ceding of its territory north of the
1256:, they were given special horses and wagons. When they reached Kaifeng, the Song emperor welcomed them in a grand ceremony and again reassured them that they were forgiven. He created Meng the Duke of Qin, and gave him the additional honorary titles of
1185:
In 964, the Song emperor was planning to launch a major campaign to destroy Northern Han. However, after consulting with the general Zhang Hui (張暉), Zhang advocated against such a move, believing that Song's Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern
974:
mayor of the capital. Resentful that Wang considered killing him, he spread rumors to damage Wang's reputation. Upon hearing this, Wang became apprehensive. Further, at that time, two rebellions had risen against Later Han—with the major general
937:
Shu. Subsequently, as He Chongjian advocated, Later Shu forces also attacked Feng Prefecture (鳳州, in modern Baoji), and Feng's defender Shi Fengjun (石奉頵)—a member of Later Jin's imperial clan—also surrendered that prefecture to Later Shu.
1234:
My father and I treated these officers well with plenteous clothing and good food for 40 years. But when they encountered the enemy, they could not even fire an arrow to the east. Even if I were to defend these walls, who would die for
991:
repelled by the Later Han general Zhao Hui (趙暉). Meng then launched a larger army under the command of An Siqian (安思謙) the military governor of Shannan West to try to aid Wang and Zhao Siwan, despite the urging by the chancellor
1213:
Hearing of the coming Song invasion, Meng commissioned Wang Zhaoyuan to command the overall campaign of resistance. At the feast to send Wang off, Wang, who greatly inflated his own abilities, compared himself to the great
885:
In 944, for reasons not stated in history, Meng reversed his earlier reform with having actual acting military governors at the circuits, and again had major generals and chancellors assume military governorships remotely.
882:
Chen Jizhi (陳及之) submitted a petition urging the cancellation of the edict, Meng rewarded Chen for his honesty, but did not end the selection process. The women who were selected were sorted into 14 ranks of concubines.
1194:), on the border with Northern Han, had been so damaged by warfare that it would not serve as a good springboard for an invasion against Northern Han at that time. He thus made Zhang the military prefect (團練使,
948:. He soon had control over most of the former Later Jin territory—as Emperor Taizong withdrew and later died. However, the Liao-commissioned military governor of Jinchang Circuit (晉昌, headquartered in modern
1110:
his resignation. In 957, Meng allowed him to retire from military duties. Empress Dowager Li, concerned that over the years, the military commands had not been in the hands of right generals, spoke to Meng:
589:
Meng ruled largely peacefully for three decades. The Later Shu became one of the centers for the arts and literature, where it flourished with support from the court. An anthology of lyric poetry known as the
932:(Shi Jingtang's nephew and successor) surrendered to Liao. Most Later Jin regional governors quickly submitted petitions to submit to the Liao emperor, as he claimed to be the legitimate emperor over the
2177:
2901:
756:
and Hou Hongshi (侯弘實), he died that same night. Three days later, Meng Renzan took the throne and, pursuant to the will Meng Zhixiang left, changed his name to Meng Chang. He was 15 at that time.
1134:
referred to Li Hao and Wang. Meng, in anger, stated that Zhang was falsely accusing senior officials, and had Zhang exiled to be a secretary to the prefect of Wei Prefecture (維州, in modern
835:)—and sought aid from the Later Shu imperial government to further advance. Meng refused, finding that the campaign was too far away from Later Shu proper. Forces sent by Chu's prince
675:
Meng Zhixiang, while legally a subject of the new Later Tang emperor, shortly began to develop frictions with Li Siyuan's regime, particularly with Li Siyuan's powerful chief of staff
889:
Later in 944, the Later Jin officer Wang Junhuai (王君懷) defected to Later Shu and volunteered to guide a Later Shu army to capture Later Jin's Jie (階州) and Cheng (成州, both in modern
2170:
940:
Due to the Liao emperor's misrule of the former Later Jin territory, however, many Han rebellions rose against him, with the strongest being led by the Later Jin general
664:). However, shortly after, the entire Later Tang realm was thrown into confusion due to a series of mutinies, and Li Cunxu himself was killed in a mutiny at the capital
2865:
2163:
594:
was compiled in 940. It was also among the most stable of the southern states, but it also stagnated militarily and politically. When the Northern Song usurped the
1210:, formerly part of Jingnan's territory, which Song took directly under control in 963), on the east side of Later Shu, commanded by the general Liu Guangyi (劉光義).
1031:
In 951, at Gao's insistence, he was removed from the post of acting chief of staff. Meng put his cousin (the son of Meng Zhixiang's sister the Princess of Bao),
1012:
replaced Zhang as chancellor (although Xu was shortly after removed after being accused of having sexually harassed the daughter of Former Shu's founding emperor
1135:
789:), which had surrendered to Later Shu in the last days of Meng Zhixiang's reign. The attack, however, was repelled by the Later Shu general Li Yanhou (李延厚).
2897:
2058:
1456:
1252:
In spring 965, Meng Chang and his family, as well as high level officials, began the trek to Kaifeng, down the Yangtze River to the east. Once they reached
808:
2965:
2935:
1272:(尚書令) and Prince of Chu on him. Upon Meng Chang's death, Empress Dowager Li did not weep, but stopped eating. She died after a few days as well.
999:
While the Later Shu army was combating Later Han forces, there was also a major shakeup within the Later Shu imperial government. The chancellor
650:(whose territory would eventually be the territory for Later Shu). He commissioned Meng Renzan's father Meng Zhixiang as the military governor (
965:
considered killing Hou when Hou hesitated, but as Liu Zhiyuan had just died around that time, and Wang was concerned that his son and successor
897:) Prefectures. A subsequent Later Shu army incursion, however, was repelled by an army launched from Later Jin's Qin Prefecture (秦州, in modern
2186:
599:
579:
2881:
858:, was plotting to rebel against Shi, he sent emissaries to Meng seeking aid, requesting that Later Shu attack Later Jin's Jin (金州, in modern
2853:
2849:
2841:
1323:(孟玄喆) (937–991), initially the Prince of Qin (created 950), later the Crown Prince (created 962), later Song dynasty official and general
1046:
In 953, at Wu Zhaoyi's advocacy (including Wu's spending of personal wealth to build schools), Meng agreed to authorize printings of the
704:
After reaching Xichuan, Meng Renzan, considered to be intelligent in his young age, was given the title of military commander (行軍司馬,
2960:
1946:
1934:
1924:
1477:
732:
Meng Zhixiang, however, had been suffering from a stroke for years, and by fall 934, he was extremely ill. He created Meng Renzan
800:, and, in 937, sent emissaries to Later Shu to notify Meng of this. Meng wrote back, using protocols fitting for coequal states.
2845:
2837:
2051:
2047:
2043:
1898:
1882:
1863:
1434:
679:, who suspected both Meng (on account of his marital relations with Li Cunxu's cousin) and Meng's neighboring military governor,
961:
1958:
1498:
1295:
1094:
agreed to the alliance, but did not appear to actually carry out actions to help counter the Later Zhou attack on Later Shu.
536:
2975:
2877:
2252:
2204:
1115:
1047:
643:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1939:
1847:
1828:
1807:
1786:
1767:
1746:
1730:
1711:
1695:
1676:
1660:
1644:
1625:
1604:
1588:
1572:
1556:
1535:
1519:
1381:
996:
forces, but when he did not quickly leave for Kaifeng, the Later Han general Guo Congyi (郭從義) arrested and killed him.
2950:
2945:
2930:
2756:
2242:
1951:
1482:
2970:
2940:
2378:
2328:
2282:
2262:
2128:
945:
797:
627:
1016:), while no one immediately succeeded Wang Chuhui as chief of staff—Meng had wanted to make two close associates,
807:
chieftain Peng Shichou (彭士愁), who was formally a Later Shu vassal (as the prefect of Xi Prefecture (溪州, in modern
591:
1268:(中書令). However, Meng died a few days later. The Song emperor mourned him and bestowed the posthumous titles of
2955:
2829:
2716:
2633:
2628:
646:
and took over its territory. In 925, he further sent an army and destroyed Later Tang's southwestern neighbor
725:(太保), military governor of Dongchuan, director of Chongsheng Palace (崇聖宮), and honorary chancellor (同中書門下平章事,
2821:
2689:
2368:
2363:
1091:
1021:
921:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2825:
2623:
2618:
2491:
2418:
1240:
ensure Meng of his safety. When Wang Quanbin reached Chengdu, Meng surrendered to him, ending Later Shu.
1087:
1013:
2857:
2833:
2817:
2694:
2114:
1223:
1159:
1050:, to promote learning—as the study of these Confucian classics had been neglected since the fall of the
567:
846:
Also in 941, when Later Jin's military governor of Shannan East Circuit (山南東道, headquartered in modern
1000:
1222:, and boasted that he would not only be able to resist the Song invasion but be able to conquer the
2925:
2920:
2248:
1963:
1503:
1032:
2704:
1333:
1017:
1005:
816:
199:
2155:
1009:
987:
2038:
1920:
1429:
141:
66:
1253:
699:), the news of Meng's execution of Li Yan reached Fengxiang. Fengxiang's military governor
571:
2063:
1461:
1398:
781:
launched an army and tried to recover Shannan West Circuit (山南西道, headquartered in modern
774:
559:
485:
190:
28:
839:
subsequently defeated Peng, who surrendered to Chu. His territory became Chu territory.
1326:
Meng Xuanjue (孟玄珏), the Prince of Bao (created 950), later Song dynasty general (d. 992)
1970:
1376:
33:
2914:
2797:
2787:
2762:
2676:
2514:
2238:
2081:
1309:
1284:
1154:
1083:
914:
753:
619:
552:
526:
215:
134:
90:
17:
2792:
2721:
2661:
2610:
2496:
2405:
2395:
2354:
2341:
2336:
2124:
1320:
1170:
1163:
1119:
1099:
1079:
1051:
966:
957:
929:
917:
875:
793:
745:
737:
733:
603:
583:
24:
2423:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2651:
2557:
2547:
2542:
2460:
2390:
2222:
1219:
1146:
975:
941:
933:
804:
749:
676:
477:
445:
1054:. It was said that after this, literature was again valued in the Shu realms.
2746:
2741:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2580:
2537:
2483:
2442:
2428:
2309:
2273:
2258:
2217:
2147:
1103:
1067:
855:
700:
680:
656:) of Former Shu's main territory Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern
647:
639:
595:
2552:
2506:
2455:
2413:
2314:
2304:
2288:
2143:
2089:
1339:
1071:
992:
847:
778:
741:
718:
669:
575:
516:
61:
815:), attacked two prefectures belonging to Later Shu's southeastern neighbor
1177:
on the people and would damage the state, but Meng did not listen to him.
668:
in 926. He was succeeded as Later Tang's emperor by his adoptive brother
2802:
2782:
2585:
2299:
1187:
979:
949:
898:
867:
836:
782:
684:
652:
623:
2684:
2666:
2656:
2643:
2529:
2450:
2212:
1215:
1203:
1150:
1139:
1082:(which claimed legitimate succession from Later Han) to the north, and
953:
925:
890:
871:
863:
828:
820:
786:
696:
688:
665:
661:
657:
615:
511:
501:
120:
107:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
284:
281:
239:
236:
222:
219:
210:
206:
203:
194:
2575:
2567:
1191:
983:
859:
1329:
Meng Xuanbao (孟玄寶) (944–950), posthumously created the Prince of Sui
1086:
to the east—to try to form alliances. Both Northern Han's emperor
602:, in 960, the Emperor Taizu of Song made it his mission to reunify
582:. He ruled from 934 until 965, when his state was conquered by the
2774:
1207:
902:
894:
851:
832:
824:
812:
692:
124:
2159:
1401:
606:. Northern Song forces forced Meng Chang to surrender in 965.
1028:
In 950, Meng created his brothers and sons imperial princes.
819:(which was formally a Later Jin vassal)—Chen (辰州, in modern
736:
and regent. After entrusting Meng Renzan to the chancellor
978:
rebelling at Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern
956:), Zhao Kuangzan (趙匡贊)—a son of the major Liao general
792:
In 936, Li Congke was overthrown by his brother-in-law
683:
of the Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern
1114:
I had previously watched Emperor Zhuangzong battle
1066:
In 955, Meng Chang became aware that the emperor of
721:). He bestowed on Meng Renzan the titles of acting
712:
During Meng Zhixiang's reign as emperor of Later Shu
2773:
2755:
2703:
2675:
2642:
2609:
2566:
2528:
2505:
2482:
2473:
2441:
2404:
2377:
2350:
2327:
2281:
2272:
2231:
2203:
2194:
1332:Princess Fengyi, wife of Li Shaolian (李少連), son of
1070:—the successor state to Later Han's main territory—
638:In 923, Li Cunxu declared himself emperor of a new
532:
522:
510:
500:
484:
444:
229:
184:
140:
130:
113:
101:
97:
86:
78:
73:
45:
1338:Princess Luanguo, wife of Wu Kegong (毋克恭), son of
1919:. Harvard University Press. pp. 11, 15, 21.
944:, who claimed imperial title as emperor of a new
1232:
1112:
796:, ending Later Tang. Shi established his own
2171:
1136:Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
711:
49:
8:
2059:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
1457:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
809:Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
752:, and the commanders of the imperial guards
773:In 935, Meng honored his mother Consort Li
2709:
2479:
2383:
2278:
2200:
2178:
2164:
2156:
2070:
1839:
1837:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1778:
1776:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1722:
1720:
1687:
1685:
1636:
1634:
1617:
1615:
1613:
42:
1874:
1872:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
777:. Meanwhile, the new Later Tang emperor
452:Emperor Ruìwén Yīngwǔ Rénshèng Míngxiào (
1472:
1470:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
642:, and shortly after destroyed archrival
1493:
1491:
1361:
297:
252:
2187:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
913:Around the new year 947, with a major
580:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
181:
1347:Princess, wife of Zhao Wenliang (趙文亮)
1162:seized power in a coup, establishing
1126:Meng did not listen to her, however.
7:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1344:Princess, wife of Han Chongsui (韓崇遂)
82:September 10, 934 – February 23, 965
2135:Emperor of China (Tianshui region)
1402:Chinese-Western Calendar Converter
1350:Princess, wife of Yi Chongdu (伊崇度)
924:approaching the Later Jin capital
14:
2966:Jin (Later Tang precursor) people
2936:Song dynasty government officials
1947:New History of the Five Dynasties
1478:New History of the Five Dynasties
727:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
242:) (inherited from Meng Zhixiang):
74:2nd and last emperor of Later Shu
2106:Emperor of China (Southwestern)
920:invasion force commanded by its
614:Meng Renzan was born in 919, in
432:16 February 964 – 4 February 965
427:28 January 963 – 15 February 964
407:11 February 959 – 30 January 960
402:23 January 958 – 10 February 959
392:15 February 956 – 2 February 957
387:27 January 955 – 14 February 956
352:13 February 948 – 31 January 949
347:25 January 947 – 12 February 948
337:15 February 945 – 4 February 946
332:28 January 944 – 14 February 945
312:11 February 940 – 29 January 941
307:23 January 939 – 10 February 940
275:13 February 937 – 1 February 938
269:27 January 936 – 12 February 937
1298:, later honored empress dowager
1244:After surrender to Song dynasty
437:5 February 965 – 24 January 966
422:8 February 962 – 27 January 963
417:20 January 961 – 7 February 962
412:31 January 960 – 19 January 961
397:3 February 957 – 22 January 958
382:6 February 954 – 26 January 955
377:18 January 953 – 5 February 954
372:30 January 952 – 17 January 953
367:9 February 951 – 29 January 952
362:21 January 950 – 8 February 951
357:1 February 949 – 20 January 950
342:5 February 946 – 24 January 947
327:8 February 943 – 27 January 944
322:20 January 942 – 7 February 943
317:30 January 941 – 19 January 942
302:2 February 938 – 22 January 939
263:6 February 935 – 26 January 936
257:18 January 934 – 5 February 935
1:
2866:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1935:History of the Five Dynasties
1169:In 962, Meng created his son
492:Prince Gongxiao of Chu (楚恭孝王)
91:Meng Zhixiang (Emperor Gaozu)
1090:and Southern Tang's emperor
1048:Four Books and Five Classics
592:Amidst the Flowers Anthology
2197:(and other northern states)
1312:, also known as Lady Huarui
866:) and Shang (商州, in modern
586:. He died soon afterwards.
547:(孟昶) (919–965), originally
209:), later changed to Chǎng (
164:Daughter (m. Zhao Wenliang)
2992:
1306:Consort Zhang Taihua (張太華)
878:, and committed suicide.)
622:was then an officer under
570:, was the second and last
173:Daughter (m. Zhao Chengxu)
161:Daughter (m. Han Chongsui)
135:Consort Xu (Madame Huarui)
22:
15:
2815:
2712:
2476:(other than Northern Han)
2386:
2295:
2140:
2133:
2121:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2073:
1917:Imperial China (900-1800)
491:
451:
234:
189:
180:
167:Daughter (m. Li Xiaolian)
58:
50:
40:"Last Ruler" of Later Shu
2961:Politicians from Taiyuan
928:, the Later Jin emperor
827:) and Li (澧州, in modern
158:Daughter (m. Yi Chongdu)
16:Not to be confused with
2369:Emperor Shizong of Liao
2364:Emperor Taizong of Liao
717:(historically known as
708:) of the Xichuan army.
170:Daughter (m. Wu Kegong)
155:Meng Xuanbao (孟玄寶), son
152:Meng Xuanjue (孟玄珏), son
149:Meng Xuanzhe (孟玄喆), son
1237:
1166:as its Emperor Taizu.
1124:
564:Prince Gongxiao of Chu
2115:Emperor Taizu of Song
1181:The fall of Later Shu
748:, the chief of staff
584:Northern Song dynasty
568:Emperor Taizu of Song
2976:Generals from Shanxi
2099:None (dynasty ended)
2090:Emperor of Later Shu
1276:Personal information
578:of China during the
560:posthumously honored
2232:Concurrent warlords
1915:Mote, F.W. (1999).
2951:Later Shu jiedushi
2946:Dongchuan jiedushi
2931:Later Shu emperors
1258:Kaifu Yitong Sansi
1118:forces across the
986:) and the officer
598:, the last of the
596:Later Zhou dynasty
537:Empress Dowager Li
2971:Poets from Shanxi
2941:Later Tang people
2908:
2907:
2811:
2810:
2769:
2768:
2469:
2468:
2437:
2436:
2323:
2322:
2154:
2153:
2141:Succeeded by
2112:Succeeded by
2097:Succeeded by
2039:Xu Zizhi Tongjian
1895:Xu Zizhi Tongjian
1879:Xu Zizhi Tongjian
1860:Xu Zizhi Tongjian
1430:Xu Zizhi Tongjian
1303:Major Concubines
1260:(開府儀同三司), acting
634:During Later Tang
576:Later Shu dynasty
542:
541:
496:
495:
2983:
2710:
2480:
2384:
2279:
2201:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2157:
2122:Preceded by
2079:Preceded by
2071:
1930:
1902:
1892:
1886:
1876:
1867:
1857:
1851:
1841:
1832:
1822:
1811:
1801:
1790:
1780:
1771:
1761:
1750:
1740:
1734:
1724:
1715:
1705:
1699:
1689:
1680:
1670:
1664:
1654:
1648:
1638:
1629:
1619:
1608:
1598:
1592:
1582:
1576:
1566:
1560:
1550:
1539:
1529:
1523:
1513:
1507:
1495:
1486:
1474:
1465:
1453:
1438:
1426:
1405:
1396:
1385:
1373:
803:In 939, the non-
294:
249:
182:
60:"Last Ruler" of
54:
53:
52:
43:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2956:Later Shu poets
2911:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2807:
2765:
2751:
2699:
2671:
2638:
2605:
2562:
2524:
2501:
2475:
2465:
2433:
2400:
2373:
2352:
2346:
2319:
2291:
2268:
2227:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2150:
2137:
2131:
2117:
2108:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2084:(Emperor Gaozu)
2069:
1959:History of Song
1927:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1893:
1889:
1877:
1870:
1858:
1854:
1842:
1835:
1823:
1814:
1802:
1793:
1781:
1774:
1762:
1753:
1741:
1737:
1725:
1718:
1706:
1702:
1690:
1683:
1671:
1667:
1655:
1651:
1639:
1632:
1620:
1611:
1599:
1595:
1583:
1579:
1567:
1563:
1551:
1542:
1530:
1526:
1514:
1510:
1499:History of Song
1496:
1489:
1475:
1468:
1454:
1441:
1427:
1408:
1399:Academia Sinica
1397:
1388:
1374:
1363:
1359:
1287:(Emperor Gaozu)
1278:
1246:
1183:
1149:, the ruler of
1064:
922:Emperor Taizong
911:
775:empress dowager
767:
762:
740:, the generals
714:
636:
612:
486:Posthumous name
440:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
296:
295:
292:
278:
251:
250:
247:
243:
214:
198:
176:
118:
106:
48:
47:
41:
38:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2256:
2246:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2195:Five Dynasties
2192:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2142:
2139:
2132:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2074:Regnal titles
2068:
2067:
2055:
2035:
1971:Zizhi Tongjian
1967:
1955:
1943:
1931:
1925:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1887:
1868:
1852:
1844:Zizhi Tongjian
1833:
1825:Zizhi Tongjian
1812:
1804:Zizhi Tongjian
1791:
1783:Zizhi Tongjian
1772:
1764:Zizhi Tongjian
1751:
1743:Zizhi Tongjian
1735:
1727:Zizhi Tongjian
1716:
1708:Zizhi Tongjian
1700:
1692:Zizhi Tongjian
1681:
1673:Zizhi Tongjian
1665:
1657:Zizhi Tongjian
1649:
1641:Zizhi Tongjian
1630:
1622:Zizhi Tongjian
1609:
1601:Zizhi Tongjian
1593:
1585:Zizhi Tongjian
1577:
1569:Zizhi Tongjian
1561:
1553:Zizhi Tongjian
1540:
1532:Zizhi Tongjian
1524:
1516:Zizhi Tongjian
1508:
1487:
1466:
1439:
1406:
1386:
1377:Zizhi Tongjian
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1277:
1274:
1245:
1242:
1224:Central Plains
1182:
1179:
1173:crown prince.
1063:
1060:
962:Wang Jingchong
910:
907:
766:
763:
761:
758:
713:
710:
635:
632:
626:the Prince of
618:. His father
611:
608:
600:Five Dynasties
566:(楚恭孝王) by the
540:
539:
534:
530:
529:
524:
520:
519:
514:
508:
507:
504:
498:
497:
494:
493:
489:
488:
482:
481:
449:
448:
442:
441:
439:
438:
291:
290:
289:
277:
276:
270:
264:
258:
246:
245:
244:
232:
231:
227:
226:
187:
186:
178:
177:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
146:
144:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
115:
111:
110:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
56:
55:
39:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2988:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Qian Hongzong
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:Qian Yuanguan
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2764:
2763:Wang Yanzheng
2760:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2677:Southern Tang
2674:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Meng Zhixiang
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2239:Liu Shouguang
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2149:
2145:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2103:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2082:Meng Zhixiang
2077:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1926:0-674-01212-7
1922:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1285:Meng Zhixiang
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1270:Shangshu Ling
1267:
1266:Zhongshu Ling
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:Zhao Kuangyin
1156:
1155:Yangtze River
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:Southern Tang
1081:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:Wang Zhaoyuan
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
997:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
971:
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
916:
908:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
883:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
764:
759:
757:
755:
754:Zhang Gongduo
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
709:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
654:
649:
645:
641:
633:
631:
629:
625:
621:
620:Meng Zhixiang
617:
609:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:
553:courtesy name
550:
546:
538:
535:
531:
528:
527:Meng Zhixiang
525:
521:
518:
515:
513:
509:
505:
503:
499:
490:
487:
483:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
450:
447:
443:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
298:
288:
286:
283:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
241:
238:
233:
228:
224:
221:
217:
216:Courtesy name
212:
208:
205:
201:
196:
192:
188:
183:
179:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
145:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
116:
112:
109:
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
69:
68:
64:
63:
57:
44:
36:
35:
30:
26:
19:
18:Mengchang Jun
2854:N. Dynasties
2850:S. Dynasties
2793:Qian Hongzuo
2722:Wang Shenzhi
2662:Yang Longyan
2611:Southern Han
2519:
2497:Wang Zongyan
2474:Ten Kingdoms
2419:Liu Chengjun
2406:Northern Han
2396:Liu Chengyou
2342:Shi Chonggui
2337:Shi Jingtang
2134:
2125:Shi Chonggui
2105:
2088:
2057:
2037:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1916:
1894:
1890:
1878:
1859:
1855:
1843:
1824:
1803:
1782:
1763:
1742:
1738:
1726:
1707:
1703:
1691:
1672:
1668:
1656:
1652:
1640:
1621:
1600:
1596:
1584:
1580:
1568:
1564:
1552:
1531:
1527:
1515:
1511:
1497:
1476:
1455:
1428:
1375:
1321:Meng Xuanzhe
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1212:
1200:
1195:
1184:
1175:
1171:Meng Xuanzhe
1168:
1164:Song dynasty
1144:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1113:
1108:
1100:Jianmen Pass
1096:
1080:Northern Han
1076:
1065:
1056:
1052:Tang dynasty
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:Yi Shenzheng
1030:
1027:
998:
972:
967:Liu Chengyou
958:Zhao Yanshou
939:
930:Shi Chonggui
918:Liao dynasty
912:
909:Middle reign
888:
884:
880:
876:Gao Xingzhou
845:
841:
802:
794:Shi Jingtang
791:
772:
768:
746:Zhao Tingyin
738:Zhao Jiliang
734:Crown Prince
731:
726:
722:
715:
706:Xingjun Sima
705:
674:
651:
637:
613:
604:China proper
588:
563:
555:
548:
544:
543:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
280:Guǎngzhèng (
279:
272:
266:
260:
254:
117:July 12, 965
65:
59:
32:
25:Chinese name
2846:16 Kingdoms
2737:Wang Jipeng
2732:Wang Yanjun
2727:Wang Yanhan
2652:Yang Xingmi
2558:Gao Jichong
2548:Gao Baorong
2543:Gao Conghui
2461:Guo Zongxun
2391:Liu Zhiyuan
2357:occupation)
2351:Interregnum
2223:Zhu Youzhen
2205:Later Liang
1220:Zhuge Liang
1218:chancellor
1196:Tuanlianshi
1147:Gao Baorong
1145:Meanwhile,
1018:Gao Yanzhao
976:Li Shouzhen
942:Liu Zhiyuan
765:Early reign
750:Wang Chuhui
677:An Chonghui
644:Later Liang
549:Meng Renzan
446:Regnal name
218:: Bǎoyuán (
87:Predecessor
29:family name
2926:965 deaths
2921:919 births
2915:Categories
2838:3 Kingdoms
2747:Zhu Wenjin
2742:Wang Yanxi
2601:Ma Xichong
2591:Ma Xiguang
2581:Ma Xisheng
2538:Gao Jixing
2520:Meng Chang
2484:Former Shu
2443:Later Zhou
2429:Liu Jiyuan
2310:Li Conghou
2274:Later Tang
2259:Li Maozhen
2218:Zhu Yougui
2148:Later Zhou
1357:References
1310:Consort Xu
1296:Consort Li
1264:(太師), and
1068:Later Zhou
1062:Late reign
1010:Xu Guangpu
988:Zhao Siwan
856:An Congjin
701:Li Congyan
681:Dong Zhang
648:Former Shu
640:Later Tang
610:Background
545:Meng Chang
202:: Rénzàn (
200:Given name
46:Meng Chang
2717:Wang Chao
2634:Liu Chang
2629:Liu Sheng
2553:Gao Baoxu
2507:Later Shu
2492:Wang Jian
2456:Chai Rong
2424:Liu Ji'en
2414:Liu Chong
2379:Later Han
2329:Later Jin
2315:Li Congke
2305:Li Siyuan
2289:Li Keyong
2249:Wang Rong
2129:Later Jin
1340:Wu Zhaoyi
1317:Children
1254:Jiangling
1230:stating:
1025:he took.
1014:Wang Jian
993:Wu Zhaoyi
946:Later Han
848:Xiangyang
798:Later Jin
779:Li Congke
742:Li Renhan
719:Later Shu
670:Li Siyuan
517:Later Shu
293:938 – 966
248:934 – 938
230:Era dates
67:(more...)
62:Later Shu
2803:Qian Chu
2783:Qian Liu
2586:Ma Xifan
2300:Li Cunxu
2144:Guo Rong
2138:947–955
2109:934–965
2094:934–965
2042:, vols.
1974:, vols.
1964:vol. 479
1940:vol. 136
1848:vol. 294
1829:vol. 293
1808:vol. 292
1787:vol. 291
1768:vol. 290
1747:vol. 289
1731:vol. 288
1712:vol. 287
1696:vol. 286
1677:vol. 285
1661:vol. 284
1645:vol. 283
1626:vol. 282
1605:vol. 281
1589:vol. 280
1573:vol. 278
1557:vol. 275
1536:vol. 274
1520:vol. 272
1504:vol. 479
1382:vol. 279
1188:Changzhi
1072:Guo Rong
1001:Zhang Ye
980:Yuncheng
899:Tianshui
868:Shangluo
837:Ma Xifan
783:Hanzhong
685:Mianyang
653:jiedushi
624:Li Cunxu
435:Year 28:
430:Year 27:
425:Year 26:
420:Year 25:
415:Year 24:
410:Year 23:
405:Year 22:
400:Year 21:
395:Year 20:
390:Year 19:
385:Year 18:
380:Year 17:
375:Year 16:
370:Year 15:
365:Year 14:
360:Year 13:
355:Year 12:
350:Year 11:
345:Year 10:
235:Míngdé (
193:: Mèng (
93:, father
23:In this
2690:Li Jing
2685:Li Bian
2667:Yang Pu
2657:Yang Wo
2624:Liu Bin
2619:Liu Yan
2596:Ma Xi'e
2530:Jingnan
2451:Guo Wei
2213:Zhu Wen
2064:vol. 49
1952:vol. 64
1908:Sources
1483:vol. 64
1462:vol. 49
1292:Mother
1281:Father
1216:Shu Han
1204:Yichang
1151:Jingnan
1140:Sichuan
1092:Li Jing
1088:Liu Jun
954:Shaanxi
926:Kaifeng
891:Longnan
872:Shaanxi
864:Shaanxi
829:Changde
821:Huaihua
787:Shaanxi
697:Shaanxi
689:Sichuan
666:Luoyang
662:Sichuan
658:Chengdu
616:Taiyuan
574:of the
572:emperor
556:Baoyuan
551:(孟仁贊),
512:Dynasty
340:Year 9:
335:Year 8:
330:Year 7:
325:Year 6:
320:Year 5:
315:Year 4:
310:Year 3:
305:Year 2:
300:Year 1:
273:Year 4:
267:Year 3:
261:Year 2:
255:Year 1:
191:Surname
121:Kaifeng
119:modern
108:Taiyuan
2878:W. Xia
2576:Ma Yin
2189:rulers
1923:
1899:vol. 3
1883:vol. 2
1864:vol. 1
1435:vol. 4
1334:Li Hao
1262:Taishi
1192:Shanxi
1006:Li Hao
984:Shanxi
915:Khitan
860:Ankang
723:Taibao
558:(保元),
533:Mother
523:Father
131:Spouse
27:, the
2822:Shang
2775:Wuyue
2695:Li Yu
1208:Hubei
1120:River
1116:Liang
1104:Baidi
950:Xi'an
903:Gansu
895:Gansu
852:Hubei
833:Hunan
825:Hunan
813:Hunan
760:Reign
693:Baoji
502:House
185:Names
142:Issue
125:Henan
79:Reign
2894:Qing
2890:Ming
2886:Yuan
2874:Song
2870:Liao
2862:Tang
2826:Zhou
2355:Liao
2253:Zhao
1921:ISBN
1102:and
1020:and
1008:and
744:and
506:Meng
287:):
114:Died
102:Born
34:Meng
2902:PRC
2898:ROC
2882:Jīn
2858:Sui
2842:Jìn
2834:Han
2830:Qin
2818:Xia
2757:Yin
2705:Min
2568:Chu
2283:Jin
2243:Yan
2146:of
2127:of
2032:294
2028:293
2024:292
2020:291
2016:290
2012:289
2008:288
2004:287
2000:286
1996:283
1992:282
1988:281
1984:279
1980:278
1976:275
1235:me?
1142:).
934:Han
905:).
854:),
817:Chu
805:Han
729:).
628:Jin
562:as
105:919
31:is
2917::
2900:/
2896:→
2892:→
2888:→
2884:→
2880:/
2876:/
2872:/
2868:→
2864:→
2860:→
2856:→
2852:/
2848:→
2844:/
2840:→
2836:→
2832:→
2828:→
2824:→
2820:→
2644:Wu
2263:Qi
2062:,
2050:,
2046:,
2030:,
2026:,
2022:,
2018:,
2014:,
2010:,
2006:,
2002:,
1998:,
1994:,
1990:,
1986:,
1982:,
1978:,
1962:,
1950:,
1938:,
1897:,
1881:,
1871:^
1862:,
1846:,
1836:^
1827:,
1815:^
1806:,
1794:^
1785:,
1775:^
1766:,
1754:^
1745:,
1729:,
1719:^
1710:,
1694:,
1684:^
1675:,
1659:,
1643:,
1633:^
1624:,
1612:^
1603:,
1587:,
1571:,
1555:,
1543:^
1534:,
1518:,
1502:,
1490:^
1481:,
1469:^
1460:,
1442:^
1433:,
1409:^
1389:^
1380:,
1364:^
1206:,
1190:,
1138:,
982:,
952:,
901:,
893:,
870:,
862:,
850:,
831:,
823:,
811:,
785:,
695:,
687:,
672:.
660:,
478:皇帝
123:,
51:孟昶
2353:(
2265:)
2261:(
2255:)
2251:(
2245:)
2241:(
2179:e
2172:t
2165:v
2066:.
2054:.
2052:4
2048:3
2044:2
2034:.
1966:.
1954:.
1942:.
1929:.
1901:.
1885:.
1866:.
1850:.
1831:.
1810:.
1789:.
1770:.
1749:.
1733:.
1714:.
1698:.
1679:.
1663:.
1647:.
1628:.
1607:.
1591:.
1575:.
1559:.
1538:.
1522:.
1506:.
1485:.
1464:.
1437:.
1404:.
1384:.
480:)
475:孝
472:明
469:聖
466:仁
463:武
460:英
457:文
454:睿
285:政
282:廣
240:德
237:明
225:)
223:元
220:保
213:)
211:昶
207:贊
204:仁
197:)
195:孟
37:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.