2521:
4361:
1667:
132:
1661:
1655:
418:
4367:
4355:
2516:
111:
408:
was declared the valid name of the genus, (Simpson, 1980) and
Mesotheriidae the valid name of the family. Nevertheless, as the rules do not apply to anything above the family, the name of the order Typotheria is still in use, but refers to a wider range of rodent-like notoungulates.
432:, and weighed around 55 kilograms (121 lb), or possibly up to 100 kilograms (220 lb), making it the largest known member of Typotheria. Like most rodents, it had superficially long upper incisors, which met at the tips, however, it had enamel on both the
775:
Fernández-Monescillo, Marcos; Martínez, Gastón; García López, Daniel; Frechen, Manfred; Romero-Lebrón, Eugenia; Krapovickas, Jerónimo M.; Haro, J. Augusto; Rodríguez, Pablo E.; Rouzaut, Sabrina; Tauber, Adan A. (February 2023).
504:
is suggested to have been a mixed feeder that likely consumed a large quantity of grasses, with its wide snout allowing for bulk feeding. In comparison to earlier mesotheriids, it probably consumed less hard food items.
778:"The last record of the last typotherid (Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae, Mesotherium cristatum) for the middle Pleistocene of the western Pampean region, Córdoba Province, Argentina, and its biostratigraphic implications"
380:
wrote Darwin in April 1863. "Bravard sent it home under the name of
Typotherium as being the central type from which all mammals diverged." It was Serres' view that there was only one underlying animal type.
696:"Snout shape and masticatory apparatus of the rodent-like mesotheriid ungulates (Notoungulata, Typotheria): exploring evolutionary trends in dietary strategies through ancestral reconstructions"
601:"Taxonomic history and intraspecific analysis of Mesotherium cristatum (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae) from the Early-Middle Pleistocene of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina"
396:; under this name, Bravard sent the skull he found to Paris, which led to the family being named "Typotheriidae", and served as the basis for the order Typotheria. As the name
376:, and its size and proportions. "Serres—by a happy inspiration proposed calling it Mesotherium—as being a common centre towards which all mammalia got happily confounded,"
553:
4469:
966:
4489:
4464:
2520:
671:,; page 333. 1863 (The Correspondence of Charles Darwin) by Charles Darwin, Frederick Burkhardt, Duncan Porter, and Sheila Ann Dean)
910:
890:
843:
676:
922:
903:
4360:
976:
931:
755:"Analysis of function in the absence of extant functional homologues: a case study using mesotheriid notoungulates (Mammalia)"
4479:
4494:
4484:
940:
New
Mesotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Typotheria),geochronology and tectonics of the Caragua area, northernmost Chile
557:
1666:
959:
653:
372:
so due to his belief that it was an intermediate between rodents and pachyderms (or ungulates), due to its large upper
131:
882:
517:. The youngest known specimen of the genus dates to around 220,000 years ago during the late Middle Pleistocene.
1660:
3632:
3716:
1654:
1583:
952:
754:
4386:
4354:
864:
858:
4366:
4239:
4431:
4026:
926:
2515:
2386:
4155:
4134:
4061:
3943:
3474:
3292:
3202:
2402:
1203:
599:
Fernández-Monescillo, Marcos; Croft, Darin A.; Pujos, François; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2023-06-03).
440:
surfaces of the incisors, while rodents only have enamel on the labial surface. The lower incisors of
4418:
3660:
3639:
3397:
3341:
3159:
2969:
2792:
2057:
1168:
789:
707:
612:
600:
464:
4082:
3674:
3509:
2871:
2453:
1906:
1358:
939:
4459:
4040:
3829:
3794:
3616:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3467:
3425:
3362:
3285:
3138:
3068:
2829:
2822:
2711:
2704:
2183:
2162:
2066:
1813:
1742:
868:
472:
293:
4148:
3936:
3878:
3771:
3702:
3667:
3411:
3145:
2697:
2690:
2609:
2423:
2169:
2080:
2015:
2001:
1699:
1049:
4474:
4127:
3822:
3523:
3383:
3376:
3348:
3313:
3299:
3152:
3124:
3046:
2850:
2836:
2815:
2732:
2409:
2148:
2029:
1606:
1219:
1088:
1073:
872:
805:
777:
731:
636:
357:
262:
126:
3404:
3278:
3188:
3110:
2374:
1806:
1488:
1161:
1139:
1125:
1095:
4436:
3369:
3320:
2616:
2439:
2257:
1081:
1059:
4225:
4075:
4068:
3695:
3586:
3166:
2997:
2771:
2762:
2630:
2493:
2008:
1959:
1927:
1627:
1569:
1530:
1516:
1431:
906:
886:
839:
723:
672:
628:
572:
514:
468:
353:
345:
232:
3764:
4232:
4211:
4111:
3899:
3815:
3681:
3181:
2660:
2292:
2278:
2213:
2113:
1941:
1892:
1597:
1560:
1468:
1447:
1417:
1312:
1212:
944:
899:
797:
715:
620:
333:
4195:
4183:
4019:
3785:
3730:
3653:
3595:
3255:
2785:
2320:
2243:
2087:
1920:
1862:
1834:
1797:
1770:
852:
585:
393:
695:
793:
711:
616:
4089:
3927:
3913:
3906:
3892:
3602:
3355:
3306:
3195:
3131:
3096:
3060:
2990:
2878:
2778:
2681:
2653:
2639:
2575:
2551:
2395:
2327:
2313:
2299:
2155:
2127:
2094:
2022:
1985:
1972:
1620:
1613:
1576:
1539:
1495:
1454:
1379:
1365:
1321:
1154:
1132:
1109:
1006:
340:
from South
America. It one of the youngest notoungulates, and the last known member of
417:
4453:
4276:
4260:
4218:
4204:
4033:
4010:
3975:
3957:
3857:
3850:
3709:
3572:
3453:
3446:
3327:
3089:
3019:
2962:
2892:
2596:
2306:
2285:
2229:
1913:
1404:
1342:
1226:
1029:
809:
735:
640:
377:
329:
212:
199:
61:
801:
388:, it was known from the late 19th century to the early 20th century under the name "
4320:
4304:
4283:
4246:
4120:
4047:
3996:
3950:
3871:
3843:
3808:
3743:
3439:
3269:
3241:
3232:
3220:
3075:
3053:
3033:
3012:
2976:
2955:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2906:
2864:
2646:
2538:
2348:
2236:
2036:
1934:
1899:
1885:
1878:
1841:
1827:
1820:
1546:
1351:
337:
241:
186:
624:
4327:
4313:
4290:
3885:
3864:
3801:
3432:
3418:
3390:
3174:
2857:
2806:
2718:
2667:
2582:
2568:
2462:
2432:
2341:
2334:
2271:
2222:
2199:
2141:
1994:
1783:
1756:
1734:
1727:
1711:
1481:
1386:
1252:
1240:
1021:
36:
4409:
4269:
4162:
3565:
3556:
3117:
3103:
3082:
3005:
2750:
2500:
2264:
2250:
2134:
2073:
1684:
1300:
1275:
1025:
456:
341:
81:
46:
881:
By
Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell, George Gaylord Simpson. Published 1997
727:
694:
Ercoli, Marcos D.; Armella, Matías A. (May 2021). Angielczyk, Kenneth (ed.).
632:
4169:
3988:
3836:
3646:
3625:
3460:
3334:
2983:
2885:
2843:
2561:
1848:
1749:
1720:
1502:
1372:
1175:
1118:
1066:
836:
490:
480:
471:
in the ankle, as well as supination-pronation of the foot. Because of this,
460:
143:
86:
879:
Classification of
Mammals Above the Species Level: Above the Species Level
4403:
3757:
3750:
3688:
3516:
2948:
2941:
2725:
2469:
2192:
1871:
1509:
1440:
1328:
1282:
1261:
1189:
1182:
1147:
994:
373:
163:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
110:
4141:
3530:
3502:
3248:
719:
91:
66:
2043:
1268:
1000:
988:
445:
437:
173:
153:
4380:
429:
416:
4423:
392:", given it by the French palaeontologist living in Argentina,
4384:
2536:
1682:
1019:
948:
654:
493:, in that it dug, possibly to find food, or to construct dens.
757:. Bruce Shockey, Darin Croft, and Frederico Anaya. Spring 2007
433:
851:
By George
Rolleston, William Hatchett Jackson Published 1888
833:
Horns, Tusks, and
Flippers: The Evolution of Hoofed Mammals
455:
was made up of a "ball-and-socket" arrangement between the
896:
Neanderthals
Revisited: New Approaches and Perspectives
835:
By Donald R. Prothero, Robert M. Schoch Published 2003
849:
Forms of Animal Life: A Manual of Comparative Anatomy
4301:
4257:
4192:
4180:
4108:
4007:
3972:
3924:
3782:
3727:
3613:
3583:
3553:
3266:
3229:
3217:
3030:
2915:
2903:
2803:
2759:
2747:
2678:
2627:
2593:
2450:
2420:
2383:
2371:
2210:
2180:
2110:
2054:
1982:
1969:
1956:
1859:
1794:
1767:
1708:
1696:
1594:
1557:
1527:
1465:
1428:
1401:
1339:
1309:
1297:
1249:
1237:
1200:
1106:
1046:
513:
The oldest known specimens of the genus date to the
4393:
4300:
4256:
4191:
4179:
4107:
4006:
3971:
3923:
3781:
3726:
3612:
3582:
3552:
3265:
3228:
3216:
3029:
2914:
2902:
2802:
2758:
2746:
2677:
2626:
2592:
2549:
2483:
2449:
2419:
2382:
2370:
2209:
2179:
2108:
2053:
1981:
1967:
1955:
1858:
1793:
1766:
1707:
1695:
1593:
1556:
1526:
1464:
1427:
1400:
1338:
1308:
1296:
1248:
1236:
1199:
1105:
1045:
384:Despite Serres' having officially named the genus
861:: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language
421:Restoration of the skull and jaws in lateral view
749:
747:
745:
669:The Correspondence of Charles Darwin: Volume 11
558:D. Croft SA Mammals: Mesotheriidae the original
400:had been published earlier in the same year as
475:predicted in 1905, and confirmed in 1906 that
960:
348:in 1867, and only contains a single species,
8:
463:, as well as a sliding articulation of the
4381:
4297:
4188:
4104:
3980:
3735:
3579:
3225:
3038:
2911:
2755:
2601:
2546:
2533:
2379:
2119:
1978:
1964:
1775:
1704:
1692:
1679:
1473:
1409:
1305:
1245:
1042:
1038:
1016:
967:
953:
945:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
109:
20:
336:of superficially rodent-like, burrowing
328:("Middle Beast") is an extinct genus of
526:
664:
662:
581:
570:
556:. D. Croft. 2007-01-02. Archived from
7:
4470:Pleistocene mammals of South America
689:
687:
685:
554:"D. Croft SA Mammals: Mesotheriidae"
32:Early Pleistocene–Middle Pleistocene
827:The Origin and Evolution of Mammals
14:
4365:
4359:
4353:
2519:
2514:
1665:
1659:
1653:
130:
977:South American native ungulates
802:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107925
444:were reminiscent of those of a
428:was likely the size of a small
932:Illustration of the head of a
829:(Oxford Biology) by T. S. Kemp
16:Extinct genus of notoungulates
1:
4490:Fossil taxa described in 1867
625:10.1080/08912963.2022.2074844
4465:Prehistoric placental genera
902:, Terry Harrison. Publisher
312:Gervais & Ameghino 1880
4511:
782:Quaternary Science Reviews
4351:
3983:
3738:
3041:
2604:
2545:
2532:
2512:
2122:
1778:
1691:
1678:
1651:
1476:
1412:
1041:
1037:
1015:
983:
883:Columbia University Press
268:
261:
247:
240:
127:Scientific classification
125:
117:
108:
23:
1032:, and other minor groups
344:. It was first named by
679:Retrieved on 2008-05-02
865:William Dwight Whitney
859:The Century Dictionary
422:
4480:Pleistocene Argentina
4432:Paleobiology Database
927:Paleobiology Database
420:
350:Mesotherium cristatum
285:Mesotherium cristatum
251:Mesotherium cristatum
120:Mesotherium cristatum
4495:Quaternary Argentina
4485:Fossils of Argentina
2058:Sparnotheriodontinae
467:, which would cause
465:calcaneocuboid joint
4240:Pseudohegetotherium
3617:Oldfieldthomasiidae
2705:Edvardotrouessartia
2163:Pseudobrachytherium
869:The Century Company
794:2023QSRv..30107925F
712:2021Palgy..64..385E
617:2023HBio...35.1028F
473:Florentino Ameghino
451:The ankle joint of
4128:Archaeotypotherium
4027:Caraguatypotherium
1607:Granastrapotherium
873:Harvard University
720:10.1111/pala.12530
605:Historical Biology
423:
358:Middle Pleistocene
4447:
4446:
4387:Taxon identifiers
4378:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4226:Hemihegetotherium
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4076:Pseudotypotherium
4069:Plesiotypotherium
3967:
3966:
3587:Archaeopithecidae
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3212:
3211:
2763:Homalodotheriidae
2742:
2741:
2631:Henricosborniidae
2528:
2527:
2510:
2509:
2479:
2478:
2387:Amilnedwardsiidae
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2104:
2103:
2009:Guilielmofloweria
1960:Proterotherioidea
1951:
1950:
1928:Scalabrinitherium
1674:
1673:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1628:Xenastrapotherium
1570:Astrapothericulus
1531:Albertogaudryinae
1517:Parastrapotherium
1432:Trigonostylopidae
1396:
1395:
1292:
1291:
867:. Published 1890
515:Early Pleistocene
469:extension-flexion
332:, a long-lasting
321:
320:
236:
4502:
4440:
4439:
4427:
4426:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4382:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4303:
4298:
4259:
4233:Prohegetotherium
4212:Hegetotheriopsis
4194:
4189:
4182:
4156:Protarchaeohyrax
4135:Bryanpattersonia
4112:Archaeohyracidae
4110:
4105:
4062:Microtypotherium
4009:
3981:
3974:
3944:Guilielmoscottia
3926:
3900:Progaleopithecus
3816:Brucemacfaddenia
3784:
3736:
3729:
3682:Oldfieldthomasia
3615:
3585:
3580:
3555:
3475:Posnanskytherium
3293:Calchaquitherium
3268:
3231:
3226:
3219:
3203:Trimerostephanos
3039:
3032:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2805:
2761:
2756:
2749:
2680:
2661:Peripantostylops
2629:
2602:
2595:
2547:
2534:
2523:
2518:
2452:
2422:
2403:Ernestohaeckelia
2385:
2380:
2373:
2293:Paramacrauchenia
2279:Neobrachytherium
2214:Proterotheriinae
2212:
2182:
2120:
2114:Proterotheriidae
2112:
2056:
1984:
1979:
1971:
1965:
1958:
1942:Xenorhinotherium
1893:Macraucheniopsis
1861:
1796:
1776:
1769:
1710:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1598:Uruguaytheriinae
1596:
1561:Astrapotheriinae
1559:
1529:
1474:
1469:Astrapotheriidae
1467:
1448:Tetragonostylops
1430:
1418:Eoastrapostylops
1410:
1403:
1341:
1313:Colombitheriidae
1311:
1306:
1299:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1213:Asmithwoodwardia
1204:Protolipternidae
1202:
1108:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1017:
969:
962:
955:
946:
900:Katerina Harvati
871:; original from
814:
813:
772:
766:
765:
763:
762:
751:
740:
739:
691:
680:
666:
657:
651:
645:
644:
611:(6): 1028–1040.
596:
590:
589:
583:
578:
576:
568:
566:
565:
550:
313:
305:
297:
231:
224:
211:
198:
185:
135:
134:
113:
103:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4435:
4430:
4422:
4417:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4389:
4379:
4370:
4333:
4296:
4252:
4196:Hegetotheriinae
4184:Hegetotheriidae
4175:
4095:
4020:Altitypotherium
4002:
3963:
3919:
3786:Interatheriinae
3777:
3731:Interatheriidae
3722:
3661:Itaboraitherium
3654:Dolichostylodon
3640:Camargomendesia
3633:Brachystephanus
3608:
3596:Archaeopithecus
3578:
3536:
3398:Neoadinotherium
3342:Haplodontherium
3261:
3256:Proadinotherium
3208:
3025:
2970:Henricofilholia
2898:
2798:
2793:Trigonolophodon
2786:Homalodotherium
2738:
2673:
2622:
2588:
2541:
2524:
2506:
2475:
2445:
2415:
2354:
2321:Tetramerorhinus
2244:Diplasiotherium
2205:
2175:
2116:
2100:
2088:Sparnotheriodon
2049:
1975:
1947:
1921:Promacrauchenia
1863:Macraucheniinae
1854:
1835:Phoenixauchenia
1798:Cramaucheniinae
1789:
1771:Macraucheniidae
1762:
1687:
1670:
1633:
1589:
1552:
1522:
1460:
1423:
1392:
1334:
1288:
1232:
1195:
1169:Ricardocifellia
1101:
1033:
1011:
979:
973:
919:
853:Clarendon Press
823:
821:Further reading
818:
817:
774:
773:
769:
760:
758:
753:
752:
743:
693:
692:
683:
667:
660:
652:
648:
598:
597:
593:
579:
569:
563:
561:
552:
551:
528:
523:
511:
499:
415:
394:Auguste Bravard
366:
352:, spanning the
311:
309:M. pachygnathum
303:
292:
257:
254:
230:
222:
209:
196:
183:
129:
104:
102:
101:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4508:
4506:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4452:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4428:
4415:
4399:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4309:
4307:
4295:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4265:
4263:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4200:
4198:
4186:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4116:
4114:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4090:Typotheriopsis
4086:
4083:Rusconitherium
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4013:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3993:
3984:
3978:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3932:
3930:
3928:Notopithecinae
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3914:Santiagorothia
3910:
3907:Protypotherium
3903:
3896:
3893:Proargyrohyrax
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3790:
3788:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3739:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3675:Maxschlosseria
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3621:
3619:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3603:Teratopithecus
3599:
3591:
3589:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3559:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3510:Toxodontherium
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3356:Hoffstetterius
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3307:Charruatoxodon
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3235:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3196:Teushentherium
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3132:Pascualihippus
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3097:Moqueguahippus
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3061:Deuterotherium
3057:
3050:
3042:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2994:
2991:Martinmiguelia
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2923:
2921:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2879:Pleurostylodon
2875:
2872:Pleurocoelodon
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2811:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2779:Chasicotherium
2775:
2767:
2765:
2753:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2684:
2682:Notostylopidae
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2654:Othnielmarshia
2650:
2643:
2640:Henricosbornia
2635:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2576:Carolodarwinia
2572:
2565:
2557:
2555:
2552:incertae sedis
2543:
2542:
2537:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2489:
2487:
2485:Incertae sedis
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2458:
2456:
2454:Notonychopidae
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2396:Amilnedwardsia
2391:
2389:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2328:Thoatheriopsis
2324:
2317:
2314:Proterotherium
2310:
2303:
2300:Picturotherium
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2156:Prothoatherium
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2128:Mesolicaphrium
2123:
2117:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2095:Victorlemoinea
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2023:Paranisolambda
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1986:Anisolambdinae
1976:
1973:Anisolambdidae
1968:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1907:Oxyodontherium
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1702:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1621:Uruguaytherium
1617:
1614:Hilarcotherium
1610:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1577:Astrapotherium
1573:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1540:Albertogaudrya
1535:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1496:Comahuetherium
1492:
1485:
1477:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1455:Trigonostylops
1451:
1444:
1436:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1380:Propyrotherium
1376:
1369:
1366:Carolozittelia
1362:
1359:Berracotherium
1355:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1322:Colombitherium
1317:
1315:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1155:Paulogervaisia
1151:
1144:
1136:
1133:Ernestokokenia
1129:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1110:Didolodontidae
1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1035:
1034:
1020:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1007:Laurasiatheria
1003:
997:
991:
984:
981:
980:
974:
972:
971:
964:
957:
949:
943:
942:
937:
929:
918:
917:External links
915:
914:
913:
893:
876:
855:
846:
830:
822:
819:
816:
815:
767:
741:
706:(3): 385–408.
681:
658:
646:
591:
525:
524:
522:
519:
510:
507:
498:
495:
414:
411:
365:
362:
346:Étienne Serres
319:
318:
317:
316:
315:
314:
306:
298:
282:
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40:
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34:
28:
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10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
4507:
4496:
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4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4368:
4364:
4362:
4356:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4277:Propachyrucos
4274:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4261:Pachyrukhinae
4255:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4219:Hegetotherium
4216:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4205:Ethegotherium
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4106:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4041:Eutypotherium
4038:
4036:
4035:
4034:Eotypotherium
4031:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4011:Mesotheriinae
4005:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3976:Mesotheriidae
3970:
3960:
3959:
3958:Transpithecus
3955:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3858:Interatherium
3855:
3853:
3852:
3851:Federicoanaya
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3830:Choichephilum
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3795:Archaeophylus
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3717:Xenostephanus
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:Ultrapithecus
3707:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3573:Griphotherion
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3551:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3496:Stereotoxodon
3493:
3491:
3490:
3489:Stenotephanos
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:Prototrigodon
3479:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3468:Plesiotoxodon
3465:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3454:Piauhytherium
3451:
3449:
3448:
3447:Pericotoxodon
3444:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3426:Ocnerotherium
3423:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3363:Hyperoxotodon
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3328:Falcontoxodon
3325:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3286:Andinotoxodon
3283:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3215:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3139:Patagonhippus
3136:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3090:Mendozahippus
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3069:Edvardocopeia
3066:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3020:Termastherium
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2893:Thomashuxleya
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2830:Distylophorus
2827:
2825:
2824:
2823:Coelostylodon
2820:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2745:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:Homalostylops
2709:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Notioprogonia
2591:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2522:
2517:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2369:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2307:Prolicaphrium
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2286:Neolicaphrium
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2230:Brachytherium
2227:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2184:Megadolodinae
2178:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2107:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2067:Heteroglyphis
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1954:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1914:Paranauchenia
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1814:Coniopternium
1811:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1743:Proheptaconus
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:Astrapotheria
1399:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1343:Pyrotheriidae
1337:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1227:Protolipterna
1224:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1030:Astrapotheria
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1004:
1002:
998:
996:
992:
990:
986:
985:
982:
978:
970:
965:
963:
958:
956:
951:
950:
947:
941:
938:
936:
935:
930:
928:
924:
921:
920:
916:
912:
911:1-4020-5844-6
908:
905:
901:
897:
894:
892:
891:0-231-11013-8
888:
884:
880:
877:
874:
870:
866:
862:
860:
856:
854:
850:
847:
845:
844:0-8018-7135-2
841:
838:
834:
831:
828:
825:
824:
820:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
771:
768:
756:
750:
748:
746:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:Palaeontology
697:
690:
688:
686:
682:
678:
677:0-521-59033-7
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
650:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
595:
592:
587:
574:
560:on 2009-12-24
559:
555:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
527:
520:
518:
516:
508:
506:
503:
496:
494:
492:
488:
484:
482:
479:would have a
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
419:
412:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
379:
378:Hugh Falconer
375:
371:
368:Serres named
363:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:notoungulates
335:
331:
327:
326:
310:
307:
304:Ameghino 1887
302:
299:
295:
291:
288:
287:
286:
283:
279:
276:
275:
273:
270:
269:
267:
264:
260:
253:
252:
246:
243:
239:
234:
229:
228:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:Mesotheriinae
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:Mesotheriidae
195:
192:
191:
188:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
124:
121:
116:
112:
107:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
4394:
4358:
4326:
4321:Paedotherium
4319:
4312:
4305:Pachyrukhini
4289:
4284:Prosotherium
4282:
4275:
4268:
4247:Sallatherium
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4149:Pascualhyrax
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4121:Archaeohyrax
4119:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4048:Hypsitherium
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
3997:Trachytherus
3995:
3987:
3956:
3951:Notopithecus
3949:
3942:
3937:Antepithecus
3935:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3879:Neoicochilus
3877:
3872:Miocochilius
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3844:Eopachyrucos
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3809:Boleatherium
3807:
3800:
3793:
3772:Punapithecus
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3744:Antofagastia
3742:
3715:
3708:
3703:Tsamnichoria
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3668:Kibenikhoria
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3601:
3594:
3571:
3564:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3440:Paratrigodon
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3412:Nesodonopsis
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:Toxodontinae
3254:
3247:
3242:Adinotherium
3240:
3233:Nesodontinae
3221:Toxodontidae
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3146:Perhippidion
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3076:Eomorphippus
3074:
3067:
3059:
3054:Argyrohippus
3052:
3045:
3034:Notohippidae
3018:
3013:Taubatherium
3011:
3004:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2977:Huilatherium
2975:
2968:
2961:
2956:Elmerriggsia
2954:
2947:
2940:
2935:Ancylocoelus
2933:
2928:Anayatherium
2926:
2919:Leontiniidae
2907:Eutoxodontia
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2865:Periphragnis
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2698:Chilestylops
2696:
2691:Boreastylops
2689:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2647:Nanolophodon
2645:
2638:
2615:
2610:Satshatemnus
2608:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2550:
2539:Notoungulata
2499:
2492:
2484:
2468:
2461:
2438:
2431:
2424:Indaleciidae
2408:
2401:
2394:
2349:Villarroelia
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2237:Diadiaphorus
2235:
2228:
2221:
2198:
2191:
2170:Salladolodus
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2093:
2086:
2081:Phoradiadius
2079:
2072:
2065:
2042:
2037:Protheosodon
2035:
2028:
2021:
2016:Lambdaconops
2014:
2007:
2002:Eolicaphrium
2000:
1993:
1940:
1935:Windhausenia
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1900:Micrauchenia
1898:
1891:
1886:Macrauchenia
1884:
1879:Huayqueriana
1877:
1870:
1847:
1842:Pternoconius
1840:
1833:
1828:Llullataruca
1826:
1821:Cramauchenia
1819:
1812:
1805:
1782:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1700:Eulitopterna
1658:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1547:Astraponotus
1545:
1538:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1416:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1352:Baguatherium
1350:
1327:
1320:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1050:Kollpaniidae
1005:Superorder:
933:
895:
878:
857:
848:
832:
826:
785:
781:
770:
759:. Retrieved
703:
699:
668:
649:
608:
604:
594:
562:. Retrieved
512:
501:
500:
486:
485:
476:
452:
450:
441:
425:
424:
405:
401:
397:
389:
385:
383:
369:
367:
349:
324:
323:
322:
308:
300:
289:
284:
277:
271:
256:Serres, 1857
250:
249:
242:Type species
226:
225:
187:Notoungulata
119:
24:
18:
4395:Mesotherium
4328:Tremacyllus
4314:Pachyrukhos
4291:Tremacyllus
4055:Mesotherium
3886:Patriarchus
3865:Juchuysillu
3823:Caenophilus
3802:Argyrohyrax
3524:Trigodonops
3433:Palyeidodon
3419:Nonotherium
3391:Mixotoxodon
3384:Minitoxodon
3377:Mesotoxodon
3349:Hemixotodon
3314:Dinotoxodon
3300:Ceratoxodon
3175:Rhynchippus
3153:Plexotemnus
3125:Pampahippus
3047:Acoelohyrax
2858:Pampatemnus
2851:Lophocoelus
2837:Hedralophus
2816:Anisotemnus
2807:Isotemnidae
2733:Parastylops
2719:Notostylops
2668:Simpsonotus
2583:Perutherium
2569:Archaeogaia
2463:Notonychops
2433:Adiantoides
2410:Rutimeyeria
2342:Uruguayodon
2335:Thoatherium
2272:Lambdaconus
2223:Anisolophus
2200:Megadolodus
2149:Promylophis
2142:Olisanophus
2030:Polyacrodon
1995:Anisolambda
1784:Polymorphis
1757:Tricoelodus
1735:Proectocion
1728:Proadiantus
1712:Adianthidae
1482:Antarctodon
1387:Pyrotherium
1253:Carodniidae
1241:Xenungulata
1220:Miguelsoria
1089:Simoclaenus
1074:Pascualodus
1022:Xenungulata
934:Mesotherium
923:Mesotherium
502:Mesotherium
489:was likely
487:Mesotherium
477:Mesotherium
453:Mesotherium
442:Mesotherium
426:Mesotherium
413:Description
406:Mesotherium
402:Typotherium
398:Mesotherium
390:Typotherium
386:Mesotherium
370:Mesotherium
330:mesotheriid
325:Mesotherium
301:M. maendrum
290:M. hystatum
278:Typotherium
272:Mesotherium
227:Mesotherium
206:Subfamily:
25:Mesotherium
4460:Typotheres
4454:Categories
4270:Medistylus
4163:Pseudhyrax
3566:Campanorco
3557:Typotheria
3405:Neotoxodon
3279:Abothrodon
3189:Stilhippus
3118:Notohippus
3111:Nesohippus
3104:Morphippus
3083:Eurygenium
3006:Scarrittia
2751:Toxodontia
2501:Proacrodon
2375:Notopterna
2265:Epitherium
2251:Eoauchenia
2135:Neodolodus
2074:Notiolofos
1807:Caliphrium
1685:Litopterna
1489:Astrapodon
1301:Pyrotheria
1276:Notoetayoa
1162:Raulvaccia
1140:Escribania
1126:Enneoconus
1096:Tiuclaenus
1026:Pyrotheria
975:Genera of
788:: 107925.
761:2008-07-10
582:|url=
564:2008-06-05
521:References
509:Chronology
457:astragalus
342:Typotheria
4475:Ensenadan
4170:Punahyrax
3989:Fiandraia
3837:Cochilius
3647:Colbertia
3626:Allalmeia
3461:Pisanodon
3370:Mesenodon
3335:Gyrinodon
3321:Eutomodus
2984:Leontinia
2886:Rhyphodon
2844:Isotemnus
2617:Seudenius
2562:Acoelodus
2440:Indalecia
2258:Epecuenia
1849:Theosodon
1750:Thadanius
1721:Adianthus
1503:Liarthrus
1373:Griphodon
1176:Saltaodus
1119:Didolodus
1082:Pucanodus
1067:Molinodus
1060:Andinodus
987:Kingdom:
837:JHU Press
810:254913691
736:233684440
728:0031-0239
641:249531139
633:0891-2963
491:fossorial
481:great toe
461:navicular
364:Etymology
150:Kingdom:
144:Eukaryota
118:Skull of
4410:Q1176128
4404:Wikidata
3758:Johnbell
3751:Ignigena
3696:Suniodon
3689:Paginula
3517:Trigodon
3167:Purperia
2998:Purperia
2949:Coquenia
2942:Colpodon
2772:Asmodeus
2726:Otrhonia
2494:Kyraodus
2470:Requisia
2193:Bounodus
1872:Cullinia
1510:Maddenia
1441:Shecenia
1329:Proticia
1283:Rodcania
1262:Carodnia
1190:Xesmodon
1183:Umayodus
1148:Lamegoia
1001:Mammalia
995:Chordata
993:Phylum:
989:Animalia
904:Springer
573:cite web
459:and the
374:incisors
294:Ameghino
263:Synonyms
193:Family:
174:Mammalia
164:Chordata
160:Phylum:
154:Animalia
140:Domain:
4424:4528770
4142:Eohyrax
3765:Munizia
3531:Xotodon
3503:Toxodon
3249:Nesodon
3182:Rosendo
1584:Scaglia
999:Class:
925:in the
790:Bibcode
708:Bibcode
613:Bibcode
584:value (
497:Ecology
438:lingual
219:Genus:
180:Order:
170:Class:
98:↓
3160:Puelia
2963:Gualta
2044:Wainka
1269:Etayoa
909:
889:
842:
808:
734:
726:
675:
639:
631:
580:Check
446:rabbit
434:labial
334:family
235:, 1867
233:Serres
4437:43426
806:S2CID
732:S2CID
637:S2CID
430:sheep
354:Early
907:ISBN
887:ISBN
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