2532:
4372:
1678:
143:
1672:
1666:
429:
4378:
4366:
2527:
122:
419:
was declared the valid name of the genus, (Simpson, 1980) and
Mesotheriidae the valid name of the family. Nevertheless, as the rules do not apply to anything above the family, the name of the order Typotheria is still in use, but refers to a wider range of rodent-like notoungulates.
443:, and weighed around 55 kilograms (121 lb), or possibly up to 100 kilograms (220 lb), making it the largest known member of Typotheria. Like most rodents, it had superficially long upper incisors, which met at the tips, however, it had enamel on both the
786:
Fernández-Monescillo, Marcos; Martínez, Gastón; García López, Daniel; Frechen, Manfred; Romero-Lebrón, Eugenia; Krapovickas, Jerónimo M.; Haro, J. Augusto; Rodríguez, Pablo E.; Rouzaut, Sabrina; Tauber, Adan A. (February 2023).
515:
is suggested to have been a mixed feeder that likely consumed a large quantity of grasses, with its wide snout allowing for bulk feeding. In comparison to earlier mesotheriids, it probably consumed less hard food items.
789:"The last record of the last typotherid (Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae, Mesotherium cristatum) for the middle Pleistocene of the western Pampean region, Córdoba Province, Argentina, and its biostratigraphic implications"
391:
wrote Darwin in April 1863. "Bravard sent it home under the name of
Typotherium as being the central type from which all mammals diverged." It was Serres' view that there was only one underlying animal type.
707:"Snout shape and masticatory apparatus of the rodent-like mesotheriid ungulates (Notoungulata, Typotheria): exploring evolutionary trends in dietary strategies through ancestral reconstructions"
612:"Taxonomic history and intraspecific analysis of Mesotherium cristatum (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae) from the Early-Middle Pleistocene of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina"
407:; under this name, Bravard sent the skull he found to Paris, which led to the family being named "Typotheriidae", and served as the basis for the order Typotheria. As the name
387:, and its size and proportions. "Serres—by a happy inspiration proposed calling it Mesotherium—as being a common centre towards which all mammalia got happily confounded,"
564:
4480:
977:
4500:
4475:
2531:
682:,; page 333. 1863 (The Correspondence of Charles Darwin) by Charles Darwin, Frederick Burkhardt, Duncan Porter, and Sheila Ann Dean)
921:
901:
854:
687:
933:
914:
4371:
987:
942:
766:"Analysis of function in the absence of extant functional homologues: a case study using mesotheriid notoungulates (Mammalia)"
4490:
4505:
4495:
951:
New
Mesotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Typotheria),geochronology and tectonics of the Caragua area, northernmost Chile
568:
1677:
970:
664:
383:
so due to his belief that it was an intermediate between rodents and pachyderms (or ungulates), due to its large upper
142:
893:
528:. The youngest known specimen of the genus dates to around 220,000 years ago during the late Middle Pleistocene.
1671:
3643:
3727:
1665:
1594:
963:
765:
4397:
4365:
875:
869:
4377:
4250:
4442:
4037:
937:
2526:
2397:
4166:
4145:
4072:
3954:
3485:
3303:
3213:
2413:
1214:
610:
Fernández-Monescillo, Marcos; Croft, Darin A.; Pujos, François; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2023-06-03).
451:
surfaces of the incisors, while rodents only have enamel on the labial surface. The lower incisors of
4429:
3671:
3650:
3408:
3352:
3170:
2980:
2803:
2068:
1179:
800:
718:
623:
611:
475:
4093:
3685:
3520:
2882:
2464:
1917:
1369:
950:
4470:
4051:
3840:
3805:
3627:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3478:
3436:
3373:
3296:
3149:
3079:
2840:
2833:
2722:
2715:
2194:
2173:
2077:
1824:
1753:
879:
483:
304:
4159:
3947:
3889:
3782:
3713:
3678:
3422:
3156:
2708:
2701:
2620:
2434:
2180:
2091:
2026:
2012:
1710:
1060:
4485:
4138:
3833:
3534:
3394:
3387:
3359:
3324:
3310:
3163:
3135:
3057:
2861:
2847:
2826:
2743:
2420:
2159:
2040:
1617:
1230:
1099:
1084:
883:
816:
788:
742:
647:
368:
273:
137:
3415:
3289:
3199:
3121:
2385:
1817:
1499:
1172:
1150:
1136:
1106:
4447:
3380:
3331:
2627:
2450:
2268:
1092:
1070:
4236:
4086:
4079:
3706:
3597:
3177:
3008:
2782:
2773:
2641:
2504:
2019:
1970:
1938:
1638:
1580:
1541:
1527:
1442:
917:
897:
850:
734:
683:
639:
583:
525:
479:
364:
356:
243:
3775:
4243:
4222:
4122:
3910:
3826:
3692:
3192:
2671:
2303:
2289:
2224:
2124:
1952:
1903:
1608:
1571:
1479:
1458:
1428:
1323:
1223:
955:
910:
808:
726:
631:
344:
4206:
4194:
4030:
3796:
3741:
3664:
3606:
3266:
2796:
2331:
2254:
2098:
1931:
1873:
1845:
1808:
1781:
863:
596:
404:
706:
804:
722:
627:
4100:
3938:
3924:
3917:
3903:
3613:
3366:
3317:
3206:
3142:
3107:
3071:
3001:
2889:
2789:
2692:
2664:
2650:
2586:
2562:
2406:
2338:
2324:
2310:
2166:
2138:
2105:
2033:
1996:
1983:
1631:
1624:
1587:
1550:
1506:
1465:
1390:
1376:
1332:
1165:
1143:
1120:
1017:
351:
from South
America. It one of the youngest notoungulates, and the last known member of
428:
4464:
4287:
4271:
4229:
4215:
4044:
4021:
3986:
3968:
3868:
3861:
3720:
3583:
3464:
3457:
3338:
3100:
3030:
2973:
2903:
2607:
2317:
2296:
2240:
1924:
1415:
1353:
1237:
1040:
820:
746:
651:
388:
340:
223:
210:
72:
812:
399:, it was known from the late 19th century to the early 20th century under the name "
4331:
4315:
4294:
4257:
4131:
4058:
4007:
3961:
3882:
3854:
3819:
3754:
3450:
3280:
3252:
3243:
3231:
3086:
3064:
3044:
3023:
2987:
2966:
2945:
2938:
2929:
2917:
2875:
2657:
2549:
2359:
2247:
2047:
1945:
1910:
1896:
1889:
1852:
1838:
1831:
1557:
1362:
348:
252:
197:
635:
4338:
4324:
4301:
3896:
3875:
3812:
3443:
3429:
3401:
3185:
2868:
2817:
2729:
2678:
2593:
2579:
2473:
2443:
2352:
2345:
2282:
2233:
2210:
2152:
2005:
1794:
1767:
1745:
1738:
1722:
1492:
1397:
1263:
1251:
1032:
47:
4420:
4280:
4173:
3576:
3567:
3128:
3114:
3093:
3016:
2761:
2511:
2275:
2261:
2145:
2084:
1695:
1311:
1286:
1036:
467:
352:
92:
57:
892:
By
Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell, George Gaylord Simpson. Published 1997
738:
705:
Ercoli, Marcos D.; Armella, Matías A. (May 2021). Angielczyk, Kenneth (ed.).
643:
4180:
3999:
3847:
3657:
3636:
3471:
3345:
2994:
2896:
2854:
2572:
1859:
1760:
1731:
1513:
1383:
1186:
1129:
1077:
847:
501:
491:
482:
in the ankle, as well as supination-pronation of the foot. Because of this,
471:
154:
97:
17:
890:
Classification of
Mammals Above the Species Level: Above the Species Level
4414:
3768:
3761:
3699:
3527:
2959:
2952:
2736:
2480:
2203:
1882:
1520:
1451:
1339:
1293:
1272:
1200:
1193:
1158:
1005:
384:
174:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
121:
4152:
3541:
3513:
3259:
730:
102:
77:
2054:
1279:
1011:
999:
456:
448:
184:
164:
4391:
440:
427:
4434:
403:", given it by the French palaeontologist living in Argentina,
4395:
2547:
1693:
1030:
959:
665:
504:, in that it dug, possibly to find food, or to construct dens.
768:. Bruce Shockey, Darin Croft, and Frederico Anaya. Spring 2007
444:
862:
By George
Rolleston, William Hatchett Jackson Published 1888
844:
Horns, Tusks, and
Flippers: The Evolution of Hoofed Mammals
466:
was made up of a "ball-and-socket" arrangement between the
907:
Neanderthals
Revisited: New Approaches and Perspectives
846:
By Donald R. Prothero, Robert M. Schoch Published 2003
860:
Forms of Animal Life: A Manual of Comparative Anatomy
4312:
4268:
4203:
4191:
4119:
4018:
3983:
3935:
3793:
3738:
3624:
3594:
3564:
3277:
3240:
3228:
3041:
2926:
2914:
2814:
2770:
2758:
2689:
2638:
2604:
2461:
2431:
2394:
2382:
2221:
2191:
2121:
2065:
1993:
1980:
1967:
1870:
1805:
1778:
1719:
1707:
1605:
1568:
1538:
1476:
1439:
1412:
1350:
1320:
1308:
1260:
1248:
1211:
1117:
1057:
524:
The oldest known specimens of the genus date to the
4404:
4311:
4267:
4202:
4190:
4118:
4017:
3982:
3934:
3792:
3737:
3623:
3593:
3563:
3276:
3239:
3227:
3040:
2925:
2913:
2813:
2769:
2757:
2688:
2637:
2603:
2560:
2494:
2460:
2430:
2393:
2381:
2220:
2190:
2119:
2064:
1992:
1978:
1966:
1869:
1804:
1777:
1718:
1706:
1604:
1567:
1537:
1475:
1438:
1411:
1349:
1319:
1307:
1259:
1247:
1210:
1116:
1056:
395:Despite Serres' having officially named the genus
872:: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language
432:Restoration of the skull and jaws in lateral view
760:
758:
756:
680:The Correspondence of Charles Darwin: Volume 11
569:D. Croft SA Mammals: Mesotheriidae the original
411:had been published earlier in the same year as
486:predicted in 1905, and confirmed in 1906 that
971:
359:in 1867, and only contains a single species,
8:
474:, as well as a sliding articulation of the
4392:
4308:
4199:
4115:
3991:
3746:
3590:
3236:
3049:
2922:
2766:
2612:
2557:
2544:
2390:
2130:
1989:
1975:
1786:
1715:
1703:
1690:
1484:
1420:
1316:
1256:
1053:
1049:
1027:
978:
964:
956:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
120:
31:
347:of superficially rodent-like, burrowing
339:("Middle Beast") is an extinct genus of
537:
675:
673:
592:
581:
567:. D. Croft. 2007-01-02. Archived from
7:
4481:Pleistocene mammals of South America
700:
698:
696:
565:"D. Croft SA Mammals: Mesotheriidae"
43:Early Pleistocene–Middle Pleistocene
838:The Origin and Evolution of Mammals
25:
4376:
4370:
4364:
2530:
2525:
1676:
1670:
1664:
141:
988:South American native ungulates
813:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107925
455:were reminiscent of those of a
439:was likely the size of a small
943:Illustration of the head of a
840:(Oxford Biology) by T. S. Kemp
27:Extinct genus of notoungulates
1:
4501:Fossil taxa described in 1867
636:10.1080/08912963.2022.2074844
4476:Prehistoric placental genera
913:, Terry Harrison. Publisher
323:Gervais & Ameghino 1880
4522:
793:Quaternary Science Reviews
4362:
3994:
3749:
3052:
2615:
2556:
2543:
2523:
2133:
1789:
1702:
1689:
1662:
1487:
1423:
1052:
1048:
1026:
994:
894:Columbia University Press
279:
272:
258:
251:
138:Scientific classification
136:
128:
119:
34:
1043:, and other minor groups
355:. It was first named by
690:Retrieved on 2008-05-02
876:William Dwight Whitney
870:The Century Dictionary
433:
4491:Pleistocene Argentina
4443:Paleobiology Database
938:Paleobiology Database
431:
361:Mesotherium cristatum
296:Mesotherium cristatum
262:Mesotherium cristatum
131:Mesotherium cristatum
4506:Quaternary Argentina
4496:Fossils of Argentina
2069:Sparnotheriodontinae
478:, which would cause
476:calcaneocuboid joint
4251:Pseudohegetotherium
3628:Oldfieldthomasiidae
2716:Edvardotrouessartia
2174:Pseudobrachytherium
880:The Century Company
805:2023QSRv..30107925F
723:2021Palgy..64..385E
628:2023HBio...35.1028F
484:Florentino Ameghino
462:The ankle joint of
4139:Archaeotypotherium
4038:Caraguatypotherium
1618:Granastrapotherium
884:Harvard University
731:10.1111/pala.12530
616:Historical Biology
434:
369:Middle Pleistocene
4458:
4457:
4398:Taxon identifiers
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4237:Hemihegetotherium
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4087:Pseudotypotherium
4080:Plesiotypotherium
3978:
3977:
3598:Archaeopithecidae
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3223:
3222:
2774:Homalodotheriidae
2753:
2752:
2642:Henricosborniidae
2539:
2538:
2521:
2520:
2490:
2489:
2398:Amilnedwardsiidae
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2115:
2114:
2020:Guilielmofloweria
1971:Proterotherioidea
1962:
1961:
1939:Scalabrinitherium
1685:
1684:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1639:Xenastrapotherium
1581:Astrapothericulus
1542:Albertogaudryinae
1528:Parastrapotherium
1443:Trigonostylopidae
1407:
1406:
1303:
1302:
878:. Published 1890
526:Early Pleistocene
480:extension-flexion
343:, a long-lasting
332:
331:
247:
16:(Redirected from
4513:
4451:
4450:
4438:
4437:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4393:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4314:
4309:
4270:
4244:Prohegetotherium
4223:Hegetotheriopsis
4205:
4200:
4193:
4167:Protarchaeohyrax
4146:Bryanpattersonia
4123:Archaeohyracidae
4121:
4116:
4073:Microtypotherium
4020:
3992:
3985:
3955:Guilielmoscottia
3937:
3911:Progaleopithecus
3827:Brucemacfaddenia
3795:
3747:
3740:
3693:Oldfieldthomasia
3626:
3596:
3591:
3566:
3486:Posnanskytherium
3304:Calchaquitherium
3279:
3242:
3237:
3230:
3214:Trimerostephanos
3050:
3043:
2928:
2923:
2916:
2816:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2691:
2672:Peripantostylops
2640:
2613:
2606:
2558:
2545:
2534:
2529:
2463:
2433:
2414:Ernestohaeckelia
2396:
2391:
2384:
2304:Paramacrauchenia
2290:Neobrachytherium
2225:Proterotheriinae
2223:
2193:
2131:
2125:Proterotheriidae
2123:
2067:
1995:
1990:
1982:
1976:
1969:
1953:Xenorhinotherium
1904:Macraucheniopsis
1872:
1807:
1787:
1780:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1691:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1609:Uruguaytheriinae
1607:
1572:Astrapotheriinae
1570:
1540:
1485:
1480:Astrapotheriidae
1478:
1459:Tetragonostylops
1441:
1429:Eoastrapostylops
1421:
1414:
1352:
1324:Colombitheriidae
1322:
1317:
1310:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1224:Asmithwoodwardia
1215:Protolipternidae
1213:
1119:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1028:
980:
973:
966:
957:
911:Katerina Harvati
882:; original from
825:
824:
783:
777:
776:
774:
773:
762:
751:
750:
702:
691:
677:
668:
662:
656:
655:
622:(6): 1028–1040.
607:
601:
600:
594:
589:
587:
579:
577:
576:
561:
324:
316:
308:
242:
235:
222:
209:
196:
146:
145:
124:
114:
44:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4446:
4441:
4433:
4428:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4400:
4390:
4381:
4344:
4307:
4263:
4207:Hegetotheriinae
4195:Hegetotheriidae
4186:
4106:
4031:Altitypotherium
4013:
3974:
3930:
3797:Interatheriinae
3788:
3742:Interatheriidae
3733:
3672:Itaboraitherium
3665:Dolichostylodon
3651:Camargomendesia
3644:Brachystephanus
3619:
3607:Archaeopithecus
3589:
3547:
3409:Neoadinotherium
3353:Haplodontherium
3272:
3267:Proadinotherium
3219:
3036:
2981:Henricofilholia
2909:
2809:
2804:Trigonolophodon
2797:Homalodotherium
2749:
2684:
2633:
2599:
2552:
2535:
2517:
2486:
2456:
2426:
2365:
2332:Tetramerorhinus
2255:Diplasiotherium
2216:
2186:
2127:
2111:
2099:Sparnotheriodon
2060:
1986:
1958:
1932:Promacrauchenia
1874:Macraucheniinae
1865:
1846:Phoenixauchenia
1809:Cramaucheniinae
1800:
1782:Macraucheniidae
1773:
1698:
1681:
1644:
1600:
1563:
1533:
1471:
1434:
1403:
1345:
1299:
1243:
1206:
1180:Ricardocifellia
1112:
1044:
1022:
990:
984:
930:
864:Clarendon Press
834:
832:Further reading
829:
828:
785:
784:
780:
771:
769:
764:
763:
754:
704:
703:
694:
678:
671:
663:
659:
609:
608:
604:
590:
580:
574:
572:
563:
562:
539:
534:
522:
510:
426:
405:Auguste Bravard
377:
363:, spanning the
322:
320:M. pachygnathum
314:
303:
268:
265:
241:
233:
220:
207:
194:
140:
115:
113:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4519:
4517:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4463:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4439:
4426:
4410:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4320:
4318:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4276:
4274:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4211:
4209:
4197:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4127:
4125:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4101:Typotheriopsis
4097:
4094:Rusconitherium
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4026:
4024:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4004:
3995:
3989:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3943:
3941:
3939:Notopithecinae
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3925:Santiagorothia
3921:
3918:Protypotherium
3914:
3907:
3904:Proargyrohyrax
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3801:
3799:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3686:Maxschlosseria
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3614:Teratopithecus
3610:
3602:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3572:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3521:Toxodontherium
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3367:Hoffstetterius
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3318:Charruatoxodon
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3285:
3283:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3246:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3207:Teushentherium
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3143:Pascualihippus
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3108:Moqueguahippus
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3072:Deuterotherium
3068:
3061:
3053:
3047:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3005:
3002:Martinmiguelia
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2932:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2890:Pleurostylodon
2886:
2883:Pleurocoelodon
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2822:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2790:Chasicotherium
2786:
2778:
2776:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2695:
2693:Notostylopidae
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2665:Othnielmarshia
2661:
2654:
2651:Henricosbornia
2646:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2587:Carolodarwinia
2583:
2576:
2568:
2566:
2563:incertae sedis
2554:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2500:
2498:
2496:Incertae sedis
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2469:
2467:
2465:Notonychopidae
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2407:Amilnedwardsia
2402:
2400:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2339:Thoatheriopsis
2335:
2328:
2325:Proterotherium
2321:
2314:
2311:Picturotherium
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2167:Prothoatherium
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2139:Mesolicaphrium
2134:
2128:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2106:Victorlemoinea
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2034:Paranisolambda
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2001:
1999:
1997:Anisolambdinae
1987:
1984:Anisolambdidae
1979:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1918:Oxyodontherium
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1813:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1725:
1713:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1632:Uruguaytherium
1628:
1625:Hilarcotherium
1621:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1588:Astrapotherium
1584:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1551:Albertogaudrya
1546:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1507:Comahuetherium
1503:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1466:Trigonostylops
1462:
1455:
1447:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1391:Propyrotherium
1387:
1380:
1377:Carolozittelia
1373:
1370:Berracotherium
1366:
1358:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1333:Colombitherium
1328:
1326:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1166:Paulogervaisia
1162:
1155:
1147:
1144:Ernestokokenia
1140:
1133:
1125:
1123:
1121:Didolodontidae
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1046:
1045:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1018:Laurasiatheria
1014:
1008:
1002:
995:
992:
991:
985:
983:
982:
975:
968:
960:
954:
953:
948:
940:
929:
928:External links
926:
925:
924:
904:
887:
866:
857:
841:
833:
830:
827:
826:
778:
752:
717:(3): 385–408.
692:
669:
657:
602:
536:
535:
533:
530:
521:
518:
509:
506:
425:
422:
376:
373:
357:Étienne Serres
330:
329:
328:
327:
326:
325:
317:
309:
293:
292:
291:
277:
276:
270:
269:
266:
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218:
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205:
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126:
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117:
116:
108:
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101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
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66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4518:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4394:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4367:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4288:Propachyrucos
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4272:Pachyrukhinae
4266:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4230:Hegetotherium
4227:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4216:Ethegotherium
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4117:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4052:Eutypotherium
4049:
4047:
4046:
4045:Eotypotherium
4042:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4022:Mesotheriinae
4016:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3987:Mesotheriidae
3981:
3971:
3970:
3969:Transpithecus
3966:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3869:Interatherium
3866:
3864:
3863:
3862:Federicoanaya
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3841:Choichephilum
3838:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3806:Archaeophylus
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3728:Xenostephanus
3725:
3723:
3722:
3721:Ultrapithecus
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3584:Griphotherion
3581:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3562:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3507:Stereotoxodon
3504:
3502:
3501:
3500:Stenotephanos
3497:
3495:
3494:
3493:Prototrigodon
3490:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3479:Plesiotoxodon
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3465:Piauhytherium
3462:
3460:
3459:
3458:Pericotoxodon
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3437:Ocnerotherium
3434:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3374:Hyperoxotodon
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3339:Falcontoxodon
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3297:Andinotoxodon
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3150:Patagonhippus
3147:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3101:Mendozahippus
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3080:Edvardocopeia
3077:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3031:Termastherium
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2904:Thomashuxleya
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2841:Distylophorus
2838:
2836:
2835:
2834:Coelostylodon
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2756:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2723:Homalostylops
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:Notioprogonia
2602:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2528:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2380:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2318:Prolicaphrium
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2297:Neolicaphrium
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2241:Brachytherium
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2195:Megadolodinae
2189:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2078:Heteroglyphis
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1925:Paranauchenia
1922:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:Coniopternium
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1754:Proheptaconus
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:Astrapotheria
1410:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1354:Pyrotheriidae
1348:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1306:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1238:Protolipterna
1235:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1041:Astrapotheria
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
989:
981:
976:
974:
969:
967:
962:
961:
958:
952:
949:
947:
946:
941:
939:
935:
932:
931:
927:
923:
922:1-4020-5844-6
919:
916:
912:
908:
905:
903:
902:0-231-11013-8
899:
895:
891:
888:
885:
881:
877:
873:
871:
867:
865:
861:
858:
856:
855:0-8018-7135-2
852:
849:
845:
842:
839:
836:
835:
831:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
782:
779:
767:
761:
759:
757:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:Palaeontology
708:
701:
699:
697:
693:
689:
688:0-521-59033-7
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
661:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
606:
603:
598:
585:
571:on 2009-12-24
570:
566:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
538:
531:
529:
527:
519:
517:
514:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
493:
490:would have a
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
430:
423:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
390:
389:Hugh Falconer
386:
382:
379:Serres named
374:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:notoungulates
346:
342:
338:
337:
321:
318:
315:Ameghino 1887
313:
310:
306:
302:
299:
298:
297:
294:
290:
287:
286:
284:
281:
280:
278:
275:
271:
264:
263:
257:
254:
250:
245:
240:
239:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:Mesotheriinae
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:Mesotheriidae
206:
203:
202:
199:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
135:
132:
127:
123:
118:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
37:
33:
30:
19:
4405:
4369:
4337:
4332:Paedotherium
4330:
4323:
4316:Pachyrukhini
4300:
4295:Prosotherium
4293:
4286:
4279:
4258:Sallatherium
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4160:Pascualhyrax
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4132:Archaeohyrax
4130:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4059:Hypsitherium
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4008:Trachytherus
4006:
3998:
3967:
3962:Notopithecus
3960:
3953:
3948:Antepithecus
3946:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3890:Neoicochilus
3888:
3883:Miocochilius
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3855:Eopachyrucos
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3820:Boleatherium
3818:
3811:
3804:
3783:Punapithecus
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3755:Antofagastia
3753:
3726:
3719:
3714:Tsamnichoria
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3679:Kibenikhoria
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3612:
3605:
3582:
3575:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3451:Paratrigodon
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3423:Nesodonopsis
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:Toxodontinae
3265:
3258:
3253:Adinotherium
3251:
3244:Nesodontinae
3232:Toxodontidae
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3157:Perhippidion
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3087:Eomorphippus
3085:
3078:
3070:
3065:Argyrohippus
3063:
3056:
3045:Notohippidae
3029:
3024:Taubatherium
3022:
3015:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2988:Huilatherium
2986:
2979:
2972:
2967:Elmerriggsia
2965:
2958:
2951:
2946:Ancylocoelus
2944:
2939:Anayatherium
2937:
2930:Leontiniidae
2918:Eutoxodontia
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2876:Periphragnis
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2709:Chilestylops
2707:
2702:Boreastylops
2700:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2658:Nanolophodon
2656:
2649:
2626:
2621:Satshatemnus
2619:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2561:
2550:Notoungulata
2510:
2503:
2495:
2479:
2472:
2449:
2442:
2435:Indaleciidae
2419:
2412:
2405:
2360:Villarroelia
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2248:Diadiaphorus
2246:
2239:
2232:
2209:
2202:
2181:Salladolodus
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2104:
2097:
2092:Phoradiadius
2090:
2083:
2076:
2053:
2048:Protheosodon
2046:
2039:
2032:
2027:Lambdaconops
2025:
2018:
2013:Eolicaphrium
2011:
2004:
1951:
1946:Windhausenia
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1911:Micrauchenia
1909:
1902:
1897:Macrauchenia
1895:
1890:Huayqueriana
1888:
1881:
1858:
1853:Pternoconius
1851:
1844:
1839:Llullataruca
1837:
1832:Cramauchenia
1830:
1823:
1816:
1793:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1711:Eulitopterna
1669:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1558:Astraponotus
1556:
1549:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1427:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1363:Baguatherium
1361:
1338:
1331:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1061:Kollpaniidae
1016:Superorder:
944:
906:
889:
868:
859:
843:
837:
796:
792:
781:
770:. Retrieved
714:
710:
679:
660:
619:
615:
605:
573:. Retrieved
523:
512:
511:
497:
496:
487:
463:
461:
452:
436:
435:
416:
412:
408:
400:
396:
394:
380:
378:
360:
335:
334:
333:
319:
311:
300:
295:
288:
282:
267:Serres, 1857
261:
260:
253:Type species
237:
236:
198:Notoungulata
130:
35:
29:
4406:Mesotherium
4339:Tremacyllus
4325:Pachyrukhos
4302:Tremacyllus
4066:Mesotherium
3897:Patriarchus
3876:Juchuysillu
3834:Caenophilus
3813:Argyrohyrax
3535:Trigodonops
3444:Palyeidodon
3430:Nonotherium
3402:Mixotoxodon
3395:Minitoxodon
3388:Mesotoxodon
3360:Hemixotodon
3325:Dinotoxodon
3311:Ceratoxodon
3186:Rhynchippus
3164:Plexotemnus
3136:Pampahippus
3058:Acoelohyrax
2869:Pampatemnus
2862:Lophocoelus
2848:Hedralophus
2827:Anisotemnus
2818:Isotemnidae
2744:Parastylops
2730:Notostylops
2679:Simpsonotus
2594:Perutherium
2580:Archaeogaia
2474:Notonychops
2444:Adiantoides
2421:Rutimeyeria
2353:Uruguayodon
2346:Thoatherium
2283:Lambdaconus
2234:Anisolophus
2211:Megadolodus
2160:Promylophis
2153:Olisanophus
2041:Polyacrodon
2006:Anisolambda
1795:Polymorphis
1768:Tricoelodus
1746:Proectocion
1739:Proadiantus
1723:Adianthidae
1493:Antarctodon
1398:Pyrotherium
1264:Carodniidae
1252:Xenungulata
1231:Miguelsoria
1100:Simoclaenus
1085:Pascualodus
1033:Xenungulata
945:Mesotherium
934:Mesotherium
513:Mesotherium
500:was likely
498:Mesotherium
488:Mesotherium
464:Mesotherium
453:Mesotherium
437:Mesotherium
424:Description
417:Mesotherium
413:Typotherium
409:Mesotherium
401:Typotherium
397:Mesotherium
381:Mesotherium
341:mesotheriid
336:Mesotherium
312:M. maendrum
301:M. hystatum
289:Typotherium
283:Mesotherium
238:Mesotherium
217:Subfamily:
36:Mesotherium
18:Typotherium
4471:Typotheres
4465:Categories
4281:Medistylus
4174:Pseudhyrax
3577:Campanorco
3568:Typotheria
3416:Neotoxodon
3290:Abothrodon
3200:Stilhippus
3129:Notohippus
3122:Nesohippus
3115:Morphippus
3094:Eurygenium
3017:Scarrittia
2762:Toxodontia
2512:Proacrodon
2386:Notopterna
2276:Epitherium
2262:Eoauchenia
2146:Neodolodus
2085:Notiolofos
1818:Caliphrium
1696:Litopterna
1500:Astrapodon
1312:Pyrotheria
1287:Notoetayoa
1173:Raulvaccia
1151:Escribania
1137:Enneoconus
1107:Tiuclaenus
1037:Pyrotheria
986:Genera of
799:: 107925.
772:2008-07-10
593:|url=
575:2008-06-05
532:References
520:Chronology
468:astragalus
353:Typotheria
4486:Ensenadan
4181:Punahyrax
4000:Fiandraia
3848:Cochilius
3658:Colbertia
3637:Allalmeia
3472:Pisanodon
3381:Mesenodon
3346:Gyrinodon
3332:Eutomodus
2995:Leontinia
2897:Rhyphodon
2855:Isotemnus
2628:Seudenius
2573:Acoelodus
2451:Indalecia
2269:Epecuenia
1860:Theosodon
1761:Thadanius
1732:Adianthus
1514:Liarthrus
1384:Griphodon
1187:Saltaodus
1130:Didolodus
1093:Pucanodus
1078:Molinodus
1071:Andinodus
998:Kingdom:
848:JHU Press
821:254913691
747:233684440
739:0031-0239
652:249531139
644:0891-2963
502:fossorial
492:great toe
472:navicular
375:Etymology
161:Kingdom:
155:Eukaryota
129:Skull of
4421:Q1176128
4415:Wikidata
3769:Johnbell
3762:Ignigena
3707:Suniodon
3700:Paginula
3528:Trigodon
3178:Purperia
3009:Purperia
2960:Coquenia
2953:Colpodon
2783:Asmodeus
2737:Otrhonia
2505:Kyraodus
2481:Requisia
2204:Bounodus
1883:Cullinia
1521:Maddenia
1452:Shecenia
1340:Proticia
1294:Rodcania
1273:Carodnia
1201:Xesmodon
1194:Umayodus
1159:Lamegoia
1012:Mammalia
1006:Chordata
1004:Phylum:
1000:Animalia
915:Springer
584:cite web
470:and the
385:incisors
305:Ameghino
274:Synonyms
204:Family:
185:Mammalia
175:Chordata
171:Phylum:
165:Animalia
151:Domain:
4435:4528770
4153:Eohyrax
3776:Munizia
3542:Xotodon
3514:Toxodon
3260:Nesodon
3193:Rosendo
1595:Scaglia
1010:Class:
936:in the
801:Bibcode
719:Bibcode
624:Bibcode
595:value (
508:Ecology
449:lingual
230:Genus:
191:Order:
181:Class:
109:↓
3171:Puelia
2974:Gualta
2055:Wainka
1280:Etayoa
920:
900:
853:
819:
745:
737:
686:
650:
642:
591:Check
457:rabbit
445:labial
345:family
246:, 1867
244:Serres
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