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175:'s victory in the 1945 general election, the government announced its intention to nationalise Cable and Wireless, which was carried out in 1947. The company remained government-owned, continuing to own assets and operating telecommunication services outside the UK. All assets in the UK were integrated with those of the General Post Office, which operated the UK's domestic telecommunications monopoly.
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market in 1990 as a result of
Telephone Rentals being bought by Cable & Wireless. This enabled the Smart Box to be connected to a large number of TR's customers, so traffic was routed away from BT onto Mercury's network. Mercury pulled out of the PABX market in 1996, when it sold that part of the
310:
Mercury forged strategic alliances with 16 UK cable companies, which enabled them to offer both telephone and television services to their customers. By the end of
January 1993, over 117,000 telephone lines were supplied to cable operators by Mercury. In October 1996, Mercury was merged with three
408:
Later, a more modern indirect service was introduced which required only the dialling of an access code (132) and the destination number. Mercury also provided backbone services to the emerging
British cable operators which were beginning to offer their own fixed-line telephone services.
404:
by dialling a '131' prefix followed by a ten-digit customer code, then the number they wished to dial. Some phones were manufactured with a 'Mercury button' which allowed the prefix and customer code to be stored and then dialled with a single button press.
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383:
cards that were subscribed to the plan continued to provide these free calls, and often changed hands for large sums of money. Coverage was extended throughout the decade, with most of the UK having service by 1997. One2One was sold to
825:
355:
From 1986 Mercury operated public payphones in the UK, in competition with BT. These proved not to be profitable and this interest was sold in 1995. They were notable for their varied designs which imitated architectural styles.
282:(later Orange), and Unitel. PCNs were envisaged to be superior to the then-existent cellular phone technology, giving customers the flexibility to make or take calls in the home or car, in an aeroplane, or while on holiday.
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In 1997 the
Mercury brand ceased to be and it was amalgamated into Cable & Wireless Communications. The consumer arm of the latter would eventually be bought out by the telecommunications firm
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256:. Mercury Communications was first licensed in 1982, and became a full Public Telecommunications Operator in 1984. The same year, Cable & Wireless bought out the stakes of its partners.
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182:(a public corporation) replaced the General Post Office (a government department). In October 1981, the Post Office was split into two separate public corporations, the Post Office and
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office, which was in charge of licensing new telephone companies, issued thirteen new licences. But by 1911, five of the remaining six competitors had been taken over by either the
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and Bell Cable media) and renamed Cable & Wireless
Communications (in which Cable & Wireless plc owned a 53% stake); the Mercury brand then ceased to be used.
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149:, NTC was taken over by the GPO in 1912, and created a state-run monopoly that would run nearly all telecommunication assets in the UK for the next seventy years.
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Mercury began by offering fixed-line facilities direct to business and residential customers. Callers could use the 'Mercury 2300' service via their existing BT
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299:, a division of US WEST Media Group. One2One introduced Britain's first 1800 MHz GSM network in 1993, in competition with the existing mobile networks of
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379:. Calls could be made free to landlines in the area the mobile was in, and to adjacent landline exchange codes. Even after this plan ceased being sold,
103:(BT). Although it proved only moderately successful at challenging BT's dominance, it led the way for new communication companies to attempt the same.
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In July 1991, Mercury's sister concern, Mercury
Personal Communications Network (PCN) Ltd, was awarded one of the licences to develop and build a
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was established as the trading name of
Mercury Personal Communications, a joint venture partnership equally owned by Cable & Wireless and
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The history of telecommunications in the United
Kingdom starts in 1879, with the establishment of its first telephone exchange in London by
202:, and later British Telecommunications. The act also started the privatisation of Cable & Wireless, whose primary business was then in
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137:(NTC) was formed, which later brought together smaller local telephone companies. In 1898, to break the near-monopoly held by NTC, the
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In
November 1992, Cable & Wireless sold a 20% stake for about £480 million to the Canadian company BCE, the parent company of
160:, particularly the telegraph companies, should be merged into one operating company. The merged entity was initially known as the
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service in the UK. Branded as
Callpoint, it was not a success and closed in June 1991 after operating for a year and a half.
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In 1997, Mercury ceased to exist as a brand after its amalgamation into the operations of Cable & Wireless.
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During the 1920s, there was increasing competition from companies using radio communications such as
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244:– was founded as an experiment in telecommunications competition, primarily to compete with
156:. In 1928, it was decided that all telecommunication assets outside the UK, and within the
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government started the process of privatising nearly all state-run monopolies, including
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Mercury's pounds 5bn merger with cable firms heralds huge telecoms indu stry shake-up
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Following this, the group embarked on a major disposal programme, selling One2One to
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Published : Independent, by Chris Godsmark and Mathew Horsman, 23 October 1996
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541:"History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy – Cable & Wireless"
516:"History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy – Cable & Wireless"
491:"History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy – Cable & Wireless"
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European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
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in 2001 before the service was withdrawn entirely some years later.
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Crisis in Britain: Plans and Achievements of the Labour Government
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in 1999, and selling its stake in CWC's consumer operations to
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Defunct telecommunications companies of the United Kingdom
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Its name lives on through its original sponsorship of the
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in the United Kingdom, formed in 1981 as a subsidiary of
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Telecommunications companies disestablished in 1997
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421:(SBCS), which later became Siemens Communications.
278:(PCN) in the United Kingdom. The other two went to
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35:
1581:Internet Telephony Services Providers' Association
645:"Cable & Wireless Communications: Our History"
216:Cable & Wireless Communications § History
125:Cable & Wireless Communications § History
835:Telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom
704:Business: The Company File: One 2 One sale agreed
1893:Telecommunications companies established in 1981
1743:British Approvals Board for Telecommunications
453:History of Cable & Wireless Communications
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851:Science and technology in the United Kingdom
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566:"Evolution Cable and Wireless 1928 – 1934"
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259:In 1989, Mercury formed a consortium with
252:, known for his success in turning around
27:
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1535:Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
388:in 1999 for £8.4bn, and was rebranded as
162:Imperial and International Communications
131:The Telephone Company (Bells Patents) Ltd
121:National Telephone Company § History
1888:British companies disestablished in 1997
1710:South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
621:. licensing.ofcom.org.uk. Archived from
594:, on nationalization 1945-50, pp 284-306
236:– a consortium of Cable & Wireless,
1788:Interception of Communications Act 1985
463:
346:A Mercury Communications payphone kiosk
1576:Internet Service Providers Association
419:Siemens Business Communication Systems
1883:British companies established in 1981
1545:International Telecommunication Union
367:service, launched in 1993 as Mercury
228:featuring inflatable "payphone", 1994
7:
1849:
1270:British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph
1265:Bonelli's Electric Telegraph Company
154:Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company
99:, to challenge the then-monopoly of
1748:British Telecommunications Act 1981
224:Promotional Mercury Communications
792:Cable & Wireless UK operations
742:"One 2 One to rebrand as T-Mobile"
14:
1908:1997 disestablishments in England
717:"Together at last – Telecoms.com"
592:. University of California Press.
478:History of Mercury Communications
1848:
1836:
1835:
1818:UK telephone code misconceptions
359:Mercury also operated the first
248:. Its first chairperson was Sir
276:personal communications network
1903:1981 establishments in England
1655:British Indian Ocean Territory
1280:Cable & Wireless Worldwide
619:"History of Cellular services"
417:business to Siemens, creating
1:
1555:Phone-paid Services Authority
969:BT Business and Public Sector
846:Economy of the United Kingdom
428:in 1999, and then sold on to
1617:British Overseas Territories
787:Cable & Wireless History
1639:British Antarctic Territory
1530:Broadband Stakeholder Group
1380:Universal Private Telegraph
767:"Mercury Blue Button Phone"
311:cable operators in the UK (
147:Telephone Transfer Act 1911
1924:
1325:National Telephone Company
1285:Electric Telegraph Company
1255:Atlantic Telegraph Company
693:– via Find Articles.
234:Mercury Communications Ltd
213:
184:British Telecommunications
164:company, and from 1934 as
135:National Telephone Company
118:
22:Mercury Communications Ltd
1831:
1753:British telephone sockets
886:BT Wholesale and Ventures
841:
684:"FindArticles.com | CBSi"
396:Fixed-line phone services
287:Bell Canada International
196:British Steel Corporation
26:
16:British telephone company
1763:BT site engineering code
1715:Turks and Caicos Islands
1591:London Internet Exchange
1275:Cable & Wireless plc
586:Robert A. Brady (1950).
145:(GPO) or NTC. Under the
1813:Telephone numbers in UK
1773:Communications Act 2003
605:"University of Salford"
414:Private Branch eXchange
412:Mercury moved into the
280:Microtel Communications
115:Background: before 1981
1660:British Virgin Islands
1468:Marconi Communications
347:
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89:Mercury Communications
1625:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
1193:Virgin Media Business
881:Babcock International
797:19 April 2006 at the
351:Payphones and mobiles
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297:US West International
223:
178:In October 1969, the
1778:Earth stations in UK
1305:Gutta Percha Company
1027:Cable & Wireless
946:Andrews & Arnold
265:Shaye Communications
166:Cable & Wireless
139:Postmaster General's
133:. On 10 March 1881,
97:Cable & Wireless
81:Cable & Wireless
67:Cable & Wireless
1365:Submarine Telegraph
1300:General Post Office
480:fundinguniverse.com
439:, now sponsored by
437:Mercury Music Prize
143:General Post Office
23:
1823:Web blocking in UK
1808:Telegraph Act 1885
1803:Telegraph Act 1868
1612:Crown Dependencies
1601:Symbian Foundation
1503:Carphone Warehouse
976:BT Global Services
773:on 26 August 2004.
746:campaignlive.co.uk
706:BBC, 6 August 1999
625:on 5 February 2013
545:atlantic-cable.com
520:atlantic-cable.com
495:atlantic-cable.com
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267:to run a national
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186:. In 1981, the
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1705:Saint Helena
1412:Arm Holdings
1319:
1234:Zen Internet
1186:Virgin Media
1113:Telecom Plus
998:China Mobile
771:the original
761:
749:. Retrieved
745:
736:
724:. Retrieved
721:telecoms.com
720:
711:
699:
687:. Retrieved
648:. Retrieved
639:
627:. Retrieved
623:the original
613:
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581:
569:. Retrieved
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498:. Retrieved
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365:mobile phone
358:
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332:Virgin Media
321:
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258:
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177:
173:Labour Party
170:
151:
128:
105:
88:
87:
65:Merged with
18:
1758:BT Research
1731:legislation
1685:Isle of Man
1637:(including
1458:GEC Plessey
1360:Sainsbury's
1345:Post Office
1209:Vodafone UK
962:BT Consumer
951:Asda Mobile
334:) in 2000.
180:Post Office
1872:Categories
1695:Montserrat
1635:Antarctica
1422:Metaswitch
1370:Tiscali UK
1229:WightFibre
1216:Talkmobile
1061:Lycamobile
1042:KCOM Group
1017:Colt Group
896:KCOM Group
459:References
402:phone line
338:Operations
214:See also:
119:See also:
1675:Gibraltar
1398:Suppliers
932:providers
911:Interxion
906:Openreach
891:CityFibre
869:providers
860:Companies
392:in 2002.
313:Vidéotron
269:Telepoint
232:In 1981,
204:Hong Kong
77:Successor
1843:Category
1729:History,
1680:Guernsey
1630:Anguilla
1483:Standard
1478:PicoChip
1427:Sarantel
1375:T-Mobile
1224:Voipfone
1203:Vodafone
1179:Giffgaff
1154:Leetline
1129:Three UK
1091:Business
1085:TalkTalk
1037:Inmarsat
1012:Claranet
956:BT Group
901:Nexfibre
795:Archived
447:See also
441:Free Now
390:T-Mobile
324:T-Mobile
301:Vodafone
261:Motorola
238:Barclays
188:Thatcher
36:Industry
1856:Commons
1650:Bermuda
1446:Defunct
1432:Spirent
1405:Current
1320:Mercury
1290:Energis
1243:Defunct
1032:Entanet
990:Plusnet
939:Current
930:Service
751:6 March
726:6 March
689:6 March
650:8 April
571:30 July
550:6 March
525:6 March
500:6 March
369:One2one
305:Cellnet
293:One2One
110:History
54:Defunct
46:Founded
1853:
1840:
1690:Jersey
1437:Telent
1355:Rabbit
1335:Orange
1310:Ionica
1295:Family
1159:No One
1136:SMARTY
1098:Mobile
1056:Lebara
1004:CMLink
876:Arqiva
629:9 June
430:Npower
240:, and
123:, and
1768:Buzby
1596:MaNAP
1586:LONAP
1550:Ofcom
1496:Other
1417:Icera
1350:Pipex
1340:Ovivo
1123:Three
1118:Tesco
1080:spusu
363:1800
330:(now
317:Nynex
1508:Hibu
1473:Pace
753:2022
728:2022
691:2022
652:2012
631:2012
573:2012
552:2022
527:2022
502:2022
303:and
263:and
62:Fate
57:1997
49:1981
1614:and
1610:In
1453:CSR
1330:NTL
1250:AOL
1144:Tru
1066:Sky
426:NTL
381:SIM
373:M25
361:GSM
328:NTL
1874::
1172:O2
1105:TV
983:EE
744:.
719:.
675:^
660:^
543:.
518:.
493:.
466:^
443:.
315:,
307:.
242:BP
206:.
198:,
194:,
168:.
1641:)
827:e
820:t
813:v
755:.
730:.
654:.
633:.
607:.
575:.
554:.
529:.
504:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
