132:
1392:
35:
366:
Under the charter of 1564, the company's court consisted of a governor (elected annually by members beyond the seas), his deputies, and 24 Assistants. Admission was by patrimony (being the son of a merchant who was free of the company at the time of the son's birth), service (apprenticeship to a
298:
Under Henry VII, the merchants who were not of London complained about restraint of trade. They had once traded freely with Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and the
Netherlands, but the London company was imposing a fine of £20, which was driving them out of their markets. Henry VII required the
330:
competed to serve the
Merchant Adventurers of England, who chose Emden. They soon found, however, that the port failed to attract sufficient merchants to buy the English merchants' wares, so they left abruptly and returned to
742:
538:
Barry nebulée of six argent and azure, a chief quarterly gules and or on the first and fourth quarters a lion passant guardant of the fourth on the second and third two roses gules barbed vert
52:
311:
without having to become freemen of the
Company of Merchant Adventurers. The Merchant Adventurers kept control of their trade and Flanders as their port. Foreign merchants of the
468:
in 1635. The company suffered from trouble with interlopers, traders who were not 'free of the company' (i.e. members), but who nevertheless traded within its privileged area.
545:
Barry wavy of eight argent and azure, on a bend or a dragon passant wings indorsed tail extended vert on a chief gules a lion passant guardant of the third between two bezants
315:
had considerable privileges in
English trade and competed with the Merchant Adventurers, but these privileges were revoked by the English government in the mid-16th century.
1427:
1442:
496:
In the early seventeenth century, similar groups of investors, referred to as "adventurers", were formed to develop overseas trade and colonies in the New World: the
1457:
795:
480:
of 1689, the admission fees were reduced to £2. After
Parliament threw the trade open, the company continued to exist as a fellowship of merchants trading to
850:
745:
1437:
383:
continued as the latter had the same rights in
England as native merchants and better privileges abroad, enabling them to undersell English merchants.
99:
71:
1417:
1132:
1115:
78:
1432:
1462:
1452:
1212:
835:
85:
738:'Merchant Adventurers' Hall', in An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in City of York, Volume 5, Central (London, 1981), pp. 81-88.
1358:
251:'s charter of 1505, the company had a governor and 24 assistants. The members were trading investors, and most of them were probably
195:
granted privileges and in return promised no fees to trading merchants. The company was chiefly chartered to the
English merchants at
67:
710:
557:
Barry wavy of six argent and azure, on a chief per pale gules and azure a lion passant guardant or between two roses argent seeded or
1034:
788:
203:, who exported raw wool, as well as the Merchant Adventurers. Henry IV's charter was in favor of the English merchants dwelling in
118:
1275:
1023:
920:
56:
1110:
1270:
1127:
1122:
830:
551:
Azure, a tower triple towered or standing on the waves of the sea in base proper in chief two ducal coronets of the second
284:
1422:
1395:
950:
820:
781:
618:
Many records of the Court
Meetings of the Merchant Adventurers of London are printed in L. Lyell and F.D. Watney (eds),
92:
1207:
1092:
865:
220:
660:
391:, they tried to settle in Hamburg, but the League forced the city to expel them. Emden was tried again in 1579. The
1162:
1313:
1298:
1242:
1077:
1049:
1016:
900:
606:
460:(1614 - 1617), when the company lost and then regained its monopolistic privileges. It moved its staple port from
1447:
1353:
1348:
1265:
1087:
1054:
1039:
925:
1376:
1232:
1202:
1072:
965:
945:
905:
192:
184:
396:
1331:
1185:
890:
885:
300:
200:
45:
163:, in exchange for a large range of foreign goods. It traded in northern European ports, competing with the
1343:
1303:
1293:
1217:
336:
219:. Other groups of merchants traded to different parts of northern Europe, including merchants dwelling in
761:
Merchants and
Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653
578:
Merchants and revolution: commercial change, political conflict, and London's overseas traders, 1550–1653
1308:
1197:
930:
644:
521:
399:
to expel the merchants, but he declined. The
English merchants remained there until 1587. In 1586, the
236:
1336:
880:
512:, which settled New England). In addition, the Company of Adventurers in Canada sent forces during the
356:
283:, and other places. The merchant adventurers of these towns were separate but affiliated bodies. The
457:
131:
1190:
1029:
960:
955:
292:
248:
875:
239:
in 1391), and the English Merchants in Norway, Sweden and Denmark (who received a charter in 1408).
1237:
1222:
1044:
940:
915:
855:
505:
477:
438:
407:
351:. Although trade was resumed at Antwerp from 1573 to 1582, its declining fortunes ceased with the
276:
180:
1147:
935:
860:
392:
368:
280:
188:
1172:
970:
804:
675:
400:
17:
1247:
1152:
1142:
1137:
990:
985:
870:
513:
509:
497:
380:
371:
in 1603, there were at least 200 members. They gradually increased the fees for admission.
360:
312:
232:
212:
164:
739:
975:
910:
825:
688:
488:. The Merchant Adventurers of London still existed at the beginning of the 19th century.
352:
144:
403:
invited the Merchant Adventurers to return there, but negotiations over this broke down.
1227:
1157:
995:
980:
895:
840:
812:
501:
256:
148:
1411:
1177:
1082:
701:
Joseph Edmondson (Mowbray Herald Extraordinary), Robert Glover, Sir Joseph Ayloffe,
484:. Because they drove a considerable trade there, members were sometimes called the
456:
The years between 1615 and 1689 were marked by periods, starting with the ill-fated
344:
661:
https://academic.oup.com/ej/article-abstract/39/156/619/5283364?redirectedFrom=PDF
559:(as visible on 1765 escutcheon in Great Hall of Merchant Adventurers' Hall, York;)
434:
431:
423:
411:
367:
member), redemption (purchase) or 'free gift'. By the time of the accession of
348:
323:
34:
228:
160:
602:
465:
450:
446:
422:, this was an unpopular choice with company members. In 1611 the company's
159:. Its members’ main business was exporting cloth, especially white (undyed)
1102:
308:
216:
152:
299:
fine to be reduced to 10 marks (£3, 6s and 8d). Conflict arose with the
1323:
1064:
481:
476:
When the Company of London lost its exclusive privileges following the
427:
419:
415:
384:
332:
327:
288:
272:
264:
252:
208:
204:
196:
168:
773:
1368:
1285:
1007:
517:
304:
268:
224:
410:
since 1582 were invited to return in 1587 to the (now independent)
1257:
461:
442:
388:
340:
319:
156:
707:
The Arms of Societies and Bodies Corporate Established in London
260:
777:
770:
I (12th edition, 1959), 570-84; II (6th edition 1956), 196-269.
743:
File:Merchant Adventurers' Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1505920.jpg
28:
387:
was a member of the League. When the English merchants left
641:
Calendar of Patent Rolls, Elizabeth I, Vol. III: 1563-1566
414:(later part of the Netherlands). Due to impositions by
183:
in 1407, but its roots may go back to the Fraternity of
609:, Online Library Edition, 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
151:
in the early 15th century. It brought together leading
318:
The Merchant Adventurers decided to use other ports.
303:, who sought to diversify from exporting wool through
1367:
1322:
1284:
1256:
1171:
1101:
1063:
1006:
811:
532:The arms of the various companies were as follows:
500:of Adventurers of 1609 (which later split into the
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
379:The conflict of the Merchant Adventurers with the
343:treasure ships, which were conveying money to the
291:was a separate group of investors, chartered by
620:Acts of Court of the Mercers' Company 1453-1527
235:(whose election of a governor was approved by
789:
437:was moved during the early 17th century from
259:. However, the company also had members from
8:
851:Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands
179:The company received its royal charter from
68:"Company of Merchant Adventurers of London"
796:
782:
774:
199:in 1305. This body may have included the
155:in a regulated company in the nature of a
1428:Companies established in the 15th century
846:Company of Merchant Adventurers of London
141:Company of Merchant Adventurers of London
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
335:. Operations there were interrupted by
130:
1443:Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
1208:Imperial Company of Trieste and Antwerp
569:
492:Similar groups colonising North America
1458:Organizations established in the 1400s
684:
673:
355:and the subsequent development of the
520:in 1629, and colonized the island of
508:and the Chesapeake Bay area, and the
7:
1213:Imperial Privileged Oriental Company
631:£1 = 3 English marks; 1 mark = 6s 8d
57:adding citations to reliable sources
622:(Cambridge University Press, 1936).
1359:Royal Greenland Trading Department
25:
1438:Defunct companies based in London
1035:Company of One Hundred Associates
543:Merchant Adventurers of Bristol:
406:The merchants who had frequented
1391:
1390:
1276:Royal Company of the Philippines
1024:Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
549:Merchant Adventurers of Exeter:
536:Merchant Adventurers of London:
191:existing as early as 1216. The
135:Arms of the Merchant Adventurers
33:
768:The Economic History of England
729:Edmondson, Glover & Ayloffe
720:Edmondson, Glover & Ayloffe
709:, London, 1780(no page numbers)
591:The Economic History of England
516:that achieved the surrender of
44:needs additional citations for
1418:1407 establishments in England
1163:Pernambuco and Paraíba Company
1133:Grão Pará and Maranhão Company
555:Merchant Adventurers of York:
18:Merchant Adventurers of London
1:
1433:Companies of medieval England
1271:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
1123:Cacheu and Cape Verde Company
831:British American Land Company
285:Society of Merchant Venturers
1463:Trading companies of England
821:African Company of Merchants
1453:Economic history of England
1073:Brandenburg African Company
866:Eastern Archipelago Company
836:British East Africa Company
703:A Complete Body of Heraldry
1479:
1314:Swedish West India Company
1299:Swedish East India Company
1243:Compagnie van De Moucheron
996:Virginia Company of London
901:London and Bristol Company
1385:
1354:Danish West India Company
1349:Danish East India Company
1266:Barcelona Trading Company
946:Royal West Indian Company
926:Providence Island Company
906:Massachusetts Bay Company
426:was permanently fixed at
1377:Russian-American Company
1233:Dutch West India Company
1203:Dutch East India Company
966:South Australian Company
307:into exporting cloth to
185:St. Thomas of Canterbury
1017:Compagnie de l'Occident
607:Encyclopædia Britannica
397:Count of East Friesland
301:Merchants of the Staple
1344:Danish Asiatic Company
1332:Danish African Company
1304:Swedish Levant Company
1294:Swedish Africa Company
1218:New Netherland Company
1186:Australische Compagnie
603:"Merchant Adventurers"
167:. It came to focus on
136:
1309:Swedish South Company
1198:Brabantsche Compagnie
931:Royal African Company
237:Richard II of England
187:. It claimed to have
134:
1093:West African Company
1030:Company of Habitants
961:Somers Isles Company
956:Sierra Leone Company
951:South Africa Company
921:North Borneo Company
891:Hudson's Bay Company
645:pp. 178-80, item 922
53:improve this article
1423:Chartered companies
1238:Compagnie van Verre
1223:Noordsche Compagnie
1078:East Africa Company
1045:Mississippi Company
941:Royal Niger Company
916:New Zealand Company
856:Company of Scotland
805:Chartered companies
643:(HMSO London 1960)
478:Glorious Revolution
1148:Mozambique Company
1128:East India Company
1088:New Guinea Company
1055:West India Company
1040:East India Company
936:Royal British Bank
861:East India Company
593:(1956), 2;196–269.
357:Amsterdam Entrepôt
347:, governor of the
137:
1405:
1404:
1138:Company of Guinea
971:South Sea Company
881:Greenland Company
759:Brenner, Robert.
683:Missing or empty
449:in 1635, then to
445:in 1621, then to
430:. The designated
401:Senate of Hamburg
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
1470:
1448:Hanseatic League
1394:
1393:
1340:
1248:Veerse Compagnie
1194:
1153:Zambezia Company
1119:
991:Plymouth Company
986:Virginia Company
871:Eastland Company
798:
791:
784:
775:
747:
736:
730:
727:
721:
718:
712:
699:
693:
692:
686:
681:
679:
671:
669:
667:
658:academic.oup.com
654:
648:
638:
632:
629:
623:
616:
610:
600:
594:
587:
581:
576:Robert Brenner,
574:
514:Thirty Years War
510:Plymouth Company
498:Virginia Company
458:Cockayne Project
412:United Provinces
381:Hanseatic League
361:Dutch Golden Age
353:fall of the city
313:Hanseatic League
243:Under the Tudors
233:Hanseatic League
165:Hanseatic League
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
102:
61:
37:
29:
21:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1381:
1363:
1334:
1318:
1280:
1252:
1188:
1176:
1167:
1113:
1097:
1059:
1050:Senegal Company
1002:
976:Spanish Company
911:Muscovy Company
826:Barbary Company
807:
802:
756:
754:Further reading
751:
750:
737:
733:
728:
724:
719:
715:
700:
696:
682:
672:
665:
663:
656:
655:
651:
639:
635:
630:
626:
617:
613:
601:
597:
588:
584:
575:
571:
566:
530:
494:
486:Hamburg Company
474:
472:Hamburg Company
377:
337:Queen Elizabeth
245:
193:Duke of Brabant
177:
147:founded in the
145:trading company
125:
114:
108:
105:
62:
60:
50:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1476:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1228:Ostend Company
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1182:
1180:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1158:Niassa Company
1155:
1150:
1145:
1143:House of India
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
999:
998:
993:
983:
981:Venice Company
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
896:Levant Company
893:
888:
886:Guinea Company
883:
878:
876:French Company
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
841:Canada Company
838:
833:
828:
823:
817:
815:
809:
808:
803:
801:
800:
793:
786:
778:
772:
771:
764:
763:(Verso, 2003).
755:
752:
749:
748:
731:
722:
713:
694:
649:
633:
624:
611:
595:
582:
580:(Verso, 2003).
568:
567:
565:
562:
561:
560:
553:
547:
541:
529:
526:
502:London Company
493:
490:
473:
470:
376:
373:
324:East Friesland
257:City of London
244:
241:
176:
173:
149:City of London
127:
126:
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1475:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1398:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1178:Low Countries
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1083:Emden Company
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
816:
814:
810:
806:
799:
794:
792:
787:
785:
780:
779:
776:
769:
765:
762:
758:
757:
753:
746:
744:
740:
735:
732:
726:
723:
717:
714:
711:
708:
704:
698:
695:
690:
677:
662:
659:
653:
650:
646:
642:
637:
634:
628:
625:
621:
615:
612:
608:
604:
599:
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592:
586:
583:
579:
573:
570:
563:
558:
554:
552:
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542:
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534:
533:
527:
525:
523:
519:
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511:
507:
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499:
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483:
479:
471:
469:
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459:
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448:
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429:
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421:
417:
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409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
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364:
362:
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354:
350:
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342:
338:
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302:
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202:
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194:
190:
186:
182:
181:King Henry IV
174:
172:
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166:
162:
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150:
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133:
123:
120:
112:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
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1022:
1015:
845:
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734:
725:
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706:
705:, Volume 1,
702:
697:
685:|title=
664:. Retrieved
657:
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51:Please help
46:verification
43:
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766:Lipson, E.
435:staple port
349:Netherlands
339:'s seizing
1412:Categories
1103:Portuguese
741:See image
666:25 October
564:References
439:Middelburg
408:Middelburg
359:, and the
231:, and the
161:broadcloth
79:newspapers
506:Jamestown
504:settling
466:Rotterdam
453:in 1655.
451:Dordrecht
447:Rotterdam
295:in 1552.
293:Edward VI
277:Newcastle
249:Henry VII
229:the Sound
189:liberties
153:merchants
109:June 2024
1396:Category
1173:Austrian
676:cite web
528:Heraldry
375:Conflict
309:Flanders
217:Flanders
201:Staplers
1369:Russian
1286:Swedish
1258:Spanish
813:British
482:Hamburg
428:Hamburg
420:Zeeland
416:Holland
393:Emperor
385:Hamburg
369:James I
341:Spanish
333:Antwerp
328:Hamburg
289:Bristol
273:Ipswich
265:Norwich
255:of the
253:mercers
221:Prussia
213:Brabant
209:Zeeland
205:Holland
197:Antwerp
169:Hamburg
93:scholar
1324:Danish
1065:German
1008:French
518:Quebec
424:staple
305:Calais
269:Exeter
247:Under
225:Scania
215:, and
175:Origin
143:was a
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432:Dutch
389:Emden
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157:guild
100:JSTOR
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689:help
668:2022
418:and
326:and
281:Hull
261:York
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1175:and
605:in
464:to
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