25:
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Low
Rhenish differs strongly from High German. The more to the north it approaches the Netherlands, the more it sounds like Dutch. As it crosses the Dutch-German as well as the Dutch-Belgian borders, it becomes a part of the language landscape in three neighbouring countries. In two of them Dutch is
1198:
Sprache und Raum: Ein internationales
Handbuch der Sprachvariation. Band 4: Deutsch. Herausgegeben von Joachim Herrgen, JĂĽrgen Erich Schmidt. Unter Mitarbeit von Hanna Fischer und Birgitte Ganswindt.
1083:
1445:
322:
1202:
HandbĂĽcher zur Sprach- und
Kommunikationswissenschaft (Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science / Manuels de linguistique et des sciences de communication)
1438:
1045:
Kleine niederrheinische
Sprachgeschichte (1300–1900) : eine regionale Sprachgeschichte für das deutsch-niederländische Grenzgebiet zwischen Arnheim und Krefeld
1232:
859:
By including
Kleverlandish in this continuum, we are enlarging the territory and turn the wide circle of Limburgish into a triangle with its top along the line
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308:
856:
language domination. At the dialectal level however, mutual understanding is still possible far beyond both sides of the national borders.
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Van der Masen tot op den Rijn. Ein
Handbuch zur Geschichte der volkssprachlichen mittelalterlichen Literatur im Raum von Rhein und Maas
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area, a large group of southeastern Low
Franconian dialects, including areas in Belgium, the Netherlands and the German Northern
1805:
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Arend Mihm 2000: Rheinmaasländische
Sprachgeschichte von 1500 bis 1650, in: JĂĽrgen Macha, Elmar Neuss, Robert Peters (eds.):
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standard languages have arisen. The differences between Low
Rhenish and Low Saxon are smaller than between Low Rhenish and
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This whole region between the Meuse and the Rhine was linguistically and culturally quite coherent during the so-called
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120:
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dialects spoken in the greater Meuse-Rhine area, which stretches in the northern triangle roughly between the rivers
39:
33:
734:(B). The eastmost varieties of the latter, east of the Rhine from DĂĽsseldorf to Wuppertal, are also referred to as "
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1307:
562:
in the west of
Germany. Low Franconian is a language or dialect group that has developed in the lower parts of the
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50:
1780:
1790:
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Mittelalter an Rhein und Maas. Beiträge zur Geschichte des Niederrheins. Dieter Geuenich zum 60. Geburtstag
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820:(1543–1789), though politically more fragmented. The former predominantly Dutch speaking duchies of
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area came under the influence of the Dutch standard language, especially since the founding of the
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Die Schreibsprachgeschichte des Niederrheins. Ein Forschungsprojekt der Duisburger Universität
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378:(in Germany). It is subdivided into North Meuse-Rhenish and South Meuse-Rhenish dialects (
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in the greater Meuse-Rhine area, in a literary language that is nowadays usually called
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1204:(HSK). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, 2019, p. 61ff., subchater p. 70f., here p. 70
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Today, Low Franconian dialects are spoken mainly in regions to the west of the rivers
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1106:(= Schriftenreihe der Niederrhein-Akademie 4). Bottrop/Essen: Peter Pomp (5th ed.).
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lay in the heart of this linguistic landscape, but eastward the former duchies of
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the standard language. In Germany, important towns on the Lower Rhine and in the
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between the Dutch and Belgian provinces of Limburg, encompassing the cities of
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nordrheinmaasländische (kleverländische) und südrheinmaasländische Mundarten
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area, including parts of the DĂĽsseldorf Region, are part of it, among them
1124:
8, edited by Horst Lademacher). MĂĽnster/New York/MĂĽnchen/Berlin: Waxmann.
676:. This language area stretches towards the southwest along cities such as
892:
872:
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661:
613:, but they can be regarded as the German extension or counterpart of the
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Areale Variation im Deutschen historisch: Mittelalter und FrĂĽhe Neuzeit
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1069:, Schriftenreihe der Niederrhein-Akademie Bd. 3, 1998, p. 15–34.
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district, crosses the German-Dutch border into the Dutch province of
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Arend Mihm 1992: Sprache und Geschichte am unteren Niederrhein, in:
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As a dialectological term, it was introduced by the German linguist
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1047:. Geldern / Venray: Stichting Historie Peel-Maas-Niersgebied,
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18:
1095:
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
1084:
Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
445:) is as well the modern term for literature written in the
1136:
Jahrbuch des Vereins fĂĽr niederdeutsche Sprachforschung
840:
partially, also fit in. The northwestern part of this
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area. Only the latter have traditionally been called
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Together they belong to the greater triangle-shaped
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in 1815. The southeastern part became a part of the
554:) is the collective name in German for the regional
1704:
1345:
1285:
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1145:. Köln enz. (= Niederdeutsche Studien 46), 139–164.
400:, and their German counterparts in German Northern
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Geographical position of the Meuse-Rhenish dialects
1079:I. Das ripuarisch-niederfränkische übergangsgebiet
852:at the same time, and from then it was subject to
558:language varieties spoken alongside the so-called
1122:Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur Nordwesteuropas
351:) is a term with several meanings, used both in
1717:Langue des signes Francophone de Belgique, LSFB
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1439:
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8:
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964:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
907:) is a major part of the southeastern one.
784:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
495:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1074:Mittelfränkisch-niederfränkische studien.
984:Learn how and when to remove this message
804:Learn how and when to remove this message
515:Learn how and when to remove this message
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1091:II. Zur geschichte des niederfränkischen
32:This article includes a list of general
16:Dialect group and Middle Ages literature
1181:
1143:Rheinisch-Westfälische Sprachgeschichte
1116:Uwe Ludwig, Thomas Schilp (eds.) 2004:
704:river (in both Dutch and German called
620:in the Netherlands and Belgium, and of
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200:
138:
110:
582:. Yet, Low Rhenish does not belong to
396:in the Belgian and Dutch provinces of
1104:Atlas zur Geschichte des Niederrheins
374:(in Belgium and the Netherlands) and
106:This article is a part of a series on
7:
1067:Sprache und Literatur am Niederrhein
962:adding citations to reliable sources
782:adding citations to reliable sources
493:adding citations to reliable sources
1194:Rheinmaasländisch (Niederfränkisch)
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1188:Michael Elmentaler, Anja Voeste,
846:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
1242:
1072:Theodor Frings 1916 & 1917:
934:
895:Line is its western border, the
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601:, in the Dutch speaking part of
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23:
1:
1712:Deutsche Gebärdensprache, DGS
1097:, 42 (1917), p. 177–248.
1087:, 41 (1916), p. 193–271.
722:, and then again crosses the
700:, passing cities east of the
605:, but also in Germany in the
531:The German Lower Rhine region
366:in 1992 to denote a group of
1796:Languages of the Netherlands
1745:Languages of the Netherlands
1722:Nederlandse Gebarentaal, NGT
384:). It includes varieties of
283:East Low Franconian dialects
202:West Low Franconian dialects
121:Languages of the Netherlands
570:. From this group both the
1827:
1454:Languages and dialects of
1152:. Geldern: Erich Schmidt.
457:Low Rhenish and Limburgish
1735:
1462:
586:, but to Low Franconian.
349:Rheinmaasländisch (Rhml.)
1727:Vlaamse Gebarentaal, VGT
1043:Georg Cornelissen 2003:
746:The Meuse-Rhine triangle
1771:West Germanic languages
1750:Languages of Luxembourg
1148:Helmut Tervooren 2005:
1102:Irmgard Hantsche 2004:
706:
85:Isogloss definition of
53:more precise citations.
1806:North Rhine-Westphalia
1335:Lower Sorbian language
1330:Upper Sorbian language
1192:, with the subchapter
628:) in the Netherlands.
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1801:Languages of Belgium
1776:Languages of Germany
1740:Languages of Belgium
1585:Standard High German
1409:German Sign Language
1268:Standard High German
1249:Languages of Germany
1061:Michael Elmentaler,
958:improve this section
778:improve this section
738:" (after the former
489:improve this section
297:Southeast Limburgish
818:early modern period
566:, northwest of the
1611:Northern Low Saxon
1363:Moselle Franconian
1170:Moselle Franconian
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663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
629:
627:
623:
622:Kleverlandish
619:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
529:
519:
516:
508:
505:February 2023
498:
494:
490:
484:
483:
479:
474:This section
472:
468:
463:
462:
456:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:Meuse-Rhenish
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:Kleverlandish
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:Meuse-Rhenish
338:
326:
321:
319:
314:
312:
307:
306:
304:
303:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
288:
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284:
280:
275:
272:
270:
267:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
246:
243:
241:
240:Kleverlandish
238:
236:
233:
232:
231:
230:Central Dutch
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
212:
209:
208:
207:
206:
203:
199:
192:
189:
187:
186:Stellingwarfs
184:
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137:
132:
129:
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118:
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109:
105:
104:
97:
91:by Arend Mihm
89:
83:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1696:West Frisian
1510:West Flemish
1496:East Flemish
1375:Upper German
1346:Unrecognized
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1121:
1117:
1103:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1062:
1044:
980:
971:
956:Please help
944:
909:
897:Benrath line
858:
832:(entirely),
815:
800:
791:
776:Please help
764:
630:
625:
610:
588:
568:Benrath line
535:
534:
511:
502:
487:Please help
475:
451:Middle Dutch
412:
406:
389:
361:
357:dialectology
340:
334:
282:
220:East Flemish
211:West Flemish
201:
139:
65:
56:
37:
1634:Achterhoeks
1627:Westphalian
1579:High German
1368:Upper Saxon
1057:(in German)
887:Line). The
879:(along the
854:High German
626:Kleverlands
611:Low Rhenish
607:Lower Rhine
599:Netherlands
580:High German
560:Lower Rhine
536:Low Rhenish
447:Middle Ages
390:Kleverlands
337:linguistics
166:Achterhooks
161:Westphalian
51:introducing
1765:Categories
1691:Papiamento
1605:Low German
1600:Limburgish
1550:Champenois
1524:Stadsfries
1473:Brabantian
1402:Limburgish
1315:Low German
1286:Recognized
1176:References
1038:Literature
1021:Limburgish
842:triangular
728:Maastricht
710:) such as
698:Limburgish
688:, and the
670:Oberhausen
666:DĂĽsseldorf
615:Limburgish
584:Low German
552:Nederrijns
431:or rarely
394:Limburgish
364:Arend Mihm
292:Limburgish
269:Stadsfries
262:Brusselian
257:Antwerpian
252:Brabantian
34:references
1811:Rhineland
1592:Ripuarian
1517:Zeelandic
1487:Hollandic
1380:Alemannic
1358:Ripuarian
1308:Saterland
1279:languages
1138:, 88–122.
945:does not
920:Rhineland
905:Wuppertal
877:Wuppertal
765:does not
730:(NL) and
690:Heinsberg
674:Wuppertal
576:Afrikaans
476:does not
402:Rhineland
235:Hollandic
225:Zeelandic
181:Sallaands
131:Afrikaans
1648:Sallands
1618:Gronings
1390:Bavarian
1164:See also
1003:Germanic
893:Nijmegen
873:Duisburg
822:Guelders
716:Roermond
662:Duisburg
618:dialects
388:(Dutch:
154:Gronings
59:May 2022
1662:Tweants
1641:Drèents
1571:Walloon
1557:Lorrain
1532:English
1456:Benelux
1385:Swabian
1325:Sorbian
1298:Frisian
966:removed
951:sources
826:Limburg
786:removed
771:sources
736:Bergish
732:Hasselt
694:Limburg
682:Krefeld
603:Belgium
597:in the
497:removed
482:sources
398:Limburg
191:Tweants
171:Drèents
47:improve
1676:Veluws
1669:Urkers
1564:Picard
1537:French
1320:Romani
1293:Danish
1264:German
1196:. In:
1156:
1128:
1110:
1093:, in:
1081:, in:
1065:, in:
1051:
899:(from
885:IJssel
861:Arnhem
836:, and
834:JĂĽlich
830:Cleves
720:Geleen
646:Xanten
595:IJssel
540:German
439:French
417:German
392:) and
345:German
274:Bildts
176:Veluws
36:, but
1467:Dutch
1303:North
916:Rhine
912:Meuse
901:Eupen
889:Diest
881:Rhine
869:Wesel
865:Kleve
724:Meuse
712:Venlo
702:Meuse
678:Neuss
658:Essen
654:Moers
650:Wesel
642:Kleve
634:Rhine
591:Rhine
572:Dutch
548:Dutch
425:Dutch
376:Rhine
372:Meuse
112:Dutch
1154:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1108:ISBN
1049:ISBN
949:any
947:cite
838:Berg
824:and
769:any
767:cite
718:and
707:Maas
684:and
672:and
638:Ruhr
593:and
480:any
478:cite
355:and
1120:(=
960:by
903:to
780:by
742:).
491:by
407:In
335:In
1767::
1266:)
1055:]
922:.
875:–
871:–
867:–
863:–
714:,
680:,
668:,
664:,
660:,
656:,
652:,
648:,
644:,
550::
546:,
542::
453:.
441::
437:,
427::
423:,
419::
411:,
404:.
359:.
347::
339:,
1447:e
1440:t
1433:v
1262:(
1234:e
1227:t
1220:v
987:)
981:(
976:)
972:(
968:.
954:.
914:-
891:-
883:-
807:)
801:(
796:)
792:(
788:.
774:.
636:-
624:(
538:(
518:)
512:(
507:)
503:(
499:.
485:.
415:(
343:(
324:e
317:t
310:v
213:/
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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