162:(in nature or from electronic air purifiers) had long been presumed to have a nonspecific positive effect on wellbeing, and might be exploited as a placebo control for light therapy. The lab tested low ion levels vs. high ion levels in a set of randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trials. The high concentrations showed significantly greater antidepressant effect for both seasonal and nonseasonal depression, as well as when administered after waking or during sleep.
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remission from depression within a week or less. Patients receive up to three alternate nights of wake therapy (no sleep allowed) with light therapy each morning. Recovery sleep on alternate nights begins earlier than usual, but shifts over days to normal bedtime. The method has been applied successfully at
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melatonin production without spikes and with gradual washout corresponding to the natural nighttime pattern. When used several hours before sleep, it magnifies the clock resetting effect of light at wake-up, which is particularly useful for normalizing the sleep pattern in patients with delayed sleep
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had recently been discovered, with a primary function of programming daily cycles of physiology and behavior even in the absence of day-night cues. In animals lacking the clock nuclei, they showed that circadian rhythms of visual sensitivity and anticipatory behavior for scheduled meals persisted,
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Terman's animal studies showed that the internal circadian clock responds with high sensitivity to the small light level changes during gradual dawn and dusk transitions, independent of daytime lighting. In an extension to chronotherapeutics, his group designed a computerized twilight simulator
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In 2009, Terman, with colleagues Anna Wirz-Justice (Basel) and
Francesco Benedetti (Milan) published the first chronotherapeutics treatment manual for clinicians. With particular emphasis on bipolar depression, it explains how three non-pharmaceutical procedures can be combined to produce rapid
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for use in the bedroom. The dim incremental dawn signal, received through closed eyelids, exerts an antidepressant effect similar to post-awakening bright light therapy, and acts like bright light by resetting the circadian clock to an earlier hour.
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bright light therapy,” which became the standard regimen for brief morning light treatment to reset the internal clock at an earlier position in the 24-hour day. The method has been extended to treatment of nonseasonal depression,
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Avery, D.H.; Eder, D.N.; Bolte, M.A.; Hellekson, Carla J; Dunner, David L; Vitiello, Michael V; Prinz, Pat N; et al. (2001). "Dawn
Simulation and Bright Light in the Treatment of SAD: A Controlled Study".
241:"About five days ago, I increased the amount of time in front of my light box from 30 to 45 minutes, to try to stave off the mid-afternoon slump. ... » Center for Environmental Therapeutics"
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Before turning to clinical research, Terman's laboratory work focused on the effects of light-dark exposure and timing of food ingestion on circadian rhythm organization in animals. The
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Flory, R.; Ametepe, J.; Bowers, B. (2010). "A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of bright light and high-density negative air ions for treatment of
Seasonal Affective Disorder".
74:. In 1994, in parallel with his academic pursuits, he founded the Center for Environmental Therapeutics (CET), an independent, nonprofit international consortium of specialists in
70:. In 2004, the program evolved into the first hospital-based chronotherapeutics outpatient clinic in the United States, the Center for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms at
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Terman also devised a questionnaire that estimates the melatonin cycle so light therapy could be timed effectively without serial sampling of melatonin in the blood or saliva.
115:) that operate in a coordinated multiple-clock system. With Swiss colleagues Charlotte Remé and Anna Wirz-Justice, he published the 1991 empirical and theoretical synthesis,
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Reme, C. E.; Wirz-Justice, A.; Terman, M. (1991). "The Visual Input Stage of the
Mammalian Circadian Pacemaking System: I. Is There a Clock in the Mammalian Eye?".
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even though unrestricted feeding and drinking behavior became arrhythmic. This work contributed to the conception of “peripheral” internal clocks (e.g., in the
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Universities. He then moved to
Columbia, where he is a professor of Clinical Psychology in Psychiatry, with a joint appointment as a Research Scientist at the
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130:, Terman turned to clinical therapeutics, with a focus on non-pharmacologic antidepressant responses to circadian light schedules. The lab developed “10,000
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Wirz-Justice, A. (2009). "From the basic neuroscience of circadian clock function to light therapy for depression: On the emergence of chronotherapeutics".
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Terman, M.; Terman, J. S. (2006). "Controlled Trial of
Naturalistic Dawn Simulation and Negative Air Ionization for Seasonal Affective Disorder".
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Serendipitously, the lab discovered that a nonvisual environmental factor, negative air ion concentration, also has an antidepressant effect.
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is an
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Chronotherapeutics for
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Chronotherapeutics for
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Chronotherapy: Resetting Your Inner Clock to Boost Mood, Alertness, and
Quality Sleep
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Terman M, Terman JS (2010). "Light therapy". In Krieger M, Roth T, Dement W (eds.).
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Profile for Michael Terman, PhD, at the Center for Environmental Therapeutics
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Faculty Profile for Michael Terman, PhD, at Columbia University
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Terman, M (2007). "Evolving applications of light therapy☆".
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After the discovery in the early 1980s of light therapy for
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Wirz-Justice, A. (1998). "Beginning to see the light".
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during pregnancy. It has also been used to correct the
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The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
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The Visual Input Stage of the Circadian Timing System
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297:Terman, M.; Reme, C. E.; Wirz-Justice, A. (1991).
723:"Automated Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire"
432:(5th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp.
651:Wirz-Justice, A; F. Benedetti; M Terman (2009).
165:The lab also devised a formulation that mimics
50:in 1964, and a ScM (1966) and PhD (1968) from
211:Wirz-Justice A, Benedetti F, Terman M (2009)
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428:Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine
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671:Sleeping (or not) by the wrong clock.
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64:New York State Psychiatric Institute
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128:National Institute of Mental Health
68:National Institute of Mental Health
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189:University of California at Irvine
72:Columbia University Medical Center
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34:. This subspecialty is known as
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798:Columbia Medical School faculty
688:Journal of Affective Disorders
557:American Journal of Psychiatry
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348:Archives of General Psychiatry
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256:Journal of Biological Rhythms
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174:Applied Chronotherapeutics
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596:New York, Guilford Press
590:Rosenthal, N.E. (2006).
56:physiological psychology
803:Brown University alumni
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16:American psychologist
243:. 16 September 2017.
222:. New York, Penguin.
42:Education and career
514:Psychiatry Research
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185:Milan
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