293:. Another two-suited overcall system defining both suits explicitly is CRO (Colour, Rank, Other) which has similar advantages and disadvantages to Ghestem. It is also possible to use combinations of the bids that show all the two-suiters explicitly while allowing both majors to be bid at the two-level, such as RCO and SpoDo (Specific Michaels), giving a small theoretical advantage. However, all methods explicitly showing both suits in all combinations lose a natural bid, usually the 3C overcall which can otherwise be useful as a weak or pre-emptive jump overcall.
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is more precise in terms of uniquely defining the specific suits denoted. Another drawback compared to
Ghestem is that following an opposing minor suit opening, the Michaels cuebid used in combination with the unusual notrump convention does not cater for a two-suiter in spades and the other minor.
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Point count requirements vary and are a matter of partnership agreement. It is commonly agreed that a
Michaels cuebid is constructive and should be made on hands that hold the prospect of winning the auction; hand emphasis is on trick-taking capability suggesting that the long suits contain most of
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In the
Netherlands, a particular modification is growing in popularity: over opponent's opening, a cuebid shows a major and a minor unbid suit. The 2NT overcall is then used to show both majors (after a minor suit opening) or both minors (after a major suit opening). This approach allows all three
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With less than eight points, Michaels is not recommended - the chances of winning the auction are small and it gives the opponents too much information. Bidders expecting to make or sacrifice can use basic
Michaels at all point ranges with eight or more. In a common variant, known as Mini-Maxi
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and, if possible, later introducing the minor suit. However, Ghestem has the disadvantage that after a 1 of a minor opening, you cannot choose a major at the two level, as the cuebid to show both majors is 3
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Initially, partner should assume a weak hand by the
Michaels bidder; with a strong hand, the Michaels bidder will follow with a second non-forced call. Responses to the Michaels cuebid include:
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in the unbid suits to be specified in one single bid. A drawback of this method is that the hi-hi cuebid does not cater for two-suiters in the highest and lowest unbid suits.
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in the three unbid suits to be indicated. Compared to standard
Michaels, the disadvantage is that after an opposing minor suit opening, one cannot describe a
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in the three unbid suits to be indicated. Compared to standard
Michaels, the disadvantage is that after an opposing minor suit opening, one cannot introduce a
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serves the same purpose as 2NT in competitive auctions when 2NT is no longer available. 4NT serves the same purpose as 2NT when 2NT and 4
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convention. This defense assigns conventional meanings to a double and to cuebids of the suits shown by the two-suited overcall.
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After the opponents have opened at the one-level, the overcaller bids the same suit at the two-level; the two normal cases are:
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is popular in
Germany. In this treatment a cuebid shows the highest unbid suit and another unspecified suit. Together with the
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is a conventional bid used in the card game contract bridge. First devised by
Michael Michaels of Miami Beach, FL, it is an
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convention to indicate the lowest of the two unbid suits, this hi-hi cuebid allows two out of the three possible
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With 12 or fewer, pass or raise. Raise is not invitational, it shows 6/5 or better and is optional and preemptive
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An alternative approach is to use three separate bids to specify each two-suited combination explicitly, as in
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The opening side may defend against a
Michaels cuebid or any other conventional two-suited overcall with the
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Also, Michaels cuebid variants exist that remove any ambiguity on what is the second suit. An example is the
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Partnerships who have incorporated Michaels cuebids amongst their agreements usually also play the
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in the majors at the two-level. Also, the cuebid invariably leaves one of both suits unspecified.
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Michaels, candidate hands are classed into three ranges and Michaels is applied more selectively:
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and its variants. This of course requires a third bid to be used for this purpose, typically 3
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Intermediate - 13 to 15 points: do not use Michaels, bid the higher suit followed by the lower
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that over opponent's opening invariably shows the highest unbid suits. Together with the
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convention to indicate the lowest of the two unbid suits, this approach allows all
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Several modifications and extensions exist, such as the Modified Michaels cuebid,
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2NT. When the cuebid is in a major suit, asks partner to name his minor suit. (3
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the HCP and have good texture, particularly at unfavourable vulnerability.
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Over an opponent's major opening, a cuebid shows the other major and a
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Some partnerships use it as a weak three-suited takeout bid. See
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shows hearts and either clubs or diamonds. Partner can make a 2NT
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List of bridge people with Knowledge (XXG) (English) articles
341:. Devyn Press, Inc. (Louisville, Kentucky). p. 421.
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Hands like these can only be indicated by overcalling 1
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A cuebid of opener's suit, which is a game or slam try
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Over an opponent's minor opening, a cuebid shows both
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322:BridgeGuys.com description of the Michaels Cuebid
91:to request partner to bid his minor suit, or a 3
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182:With 16 or more, bid a new suit inviting game
8:
1978:World Transnational Open Teams Championship
362:http://mjbridge.info/overcaller/page58.html
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2014:European Universities Bridge Championships
1878:Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games
1873:Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games
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142:A jump preference bid (usually preemptive)
2233:United States Bridge Championships - Open
2009:Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships
1793:List of contract bridge governing bodies
126:Strong - 16 or more points: use Michaels
314:
1852:List of bridge competitions and awards
1453:List of nationality transfers in sport
2342:25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know
2223:Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams
1788:International Mind Sports Association
7:
2026:North American bridge Championships:
2377:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge
2173:North American Bridge Championships
120:Weak - 8 to 12 points: use Michaels
2384:Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand
2088:Keohane North American Swiss Teams
14:
2415:List of contract bridge magazines
720:Optimum contract and par contract
516:Glossary of contract bridge terms
37:Glossary of contract bridge terms
2213:Smith Life Master Women's Pairs
1968:World Senior Teams Championship
1963:World Senior Pairs Championship
1938:World Junior Teams Championship
1933:World Junior Pairs Championship
1808:United States Bridge Federation
1803:South African Bridge Federation
1738:American Contract Bridge League
1274:Non-simultaneous double squeeze
214:A variant often referred to as
2243:Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs
2108:Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs
2098:Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs
2038:Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs
1983:World Women Pairs Championship
1953:World Mixed Teams Championship
1948:World Mixed Pairs Championship
1448:List of contract bridge people
1056:Principle of restricted choice
285:
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1:
2363:Contract Bridge for Beginners
2302:List of contract bridge books
1958:World Open Pairs Championship
1640:List of bridge administrators
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174:Rebids by the Michaels bidder
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2248:Wagar Women's Knockout Teams
2133:Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams
2033:ACBL King or Queen of Bridge
1928:World IMP Pairs Championship
2228:Truscott Senior Swiss Teams
2163:Non-Life Master Swiss Teams
2143:Nail Life Master Open Pairs
2103:Machlin Women's Swiss Teams
2048:Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match
1798:Norwegian Bridge Federation
1783:Hungarian Bridge Federation
1748:Brazilian Bridge Federation
1733:American Bridge Association
1299:Simultaneous double squeeze
957:List of bidding conventions
339:Bridge Conventions Complete
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2329:Terence Reese bibliography
2285:Publications and resources
1923:World Bridge Championships
1763:Canadian Bridge Federation
1753:Bridge Federation of India
1743:Austrian Bridge Federation
526:History of contract bridge
501:Duplicate bridge movements
53:and eight or more points.
22:
15:
2319:Edwin Kantar bibliography
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2168:Norman Kay Platinum Pairs
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1443:ACBL Youngest Life Master
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750:Quantitative notrump bids
740:Principle of fast arrival
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364:. Downloaded 30-Oct-2018.
18:Michaels (disambiguation)
2349:Bridge Squeezes Complete
2324:Hugh Kelsey bibliography
2053:Fall National Open Pairs
1426:People and organizations
531:Laws of Duplicate Bridge
72:shows hearts and spades.
2258:Whitehead Women's Pairs
2083:Jacoby Open Swiss Teams
1943:World Mind Sports Games
1813:World Bridge Federation
1768:Dutch Bridge Federation
1702:Galatasaray Bridge Team
996:List of play techniques
831:List of bidding systems
491:Contract bridge diagram
148:A new suit, non-forcing
2391:Right Through the Pack
2123:Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs
1908:Triple crown of bridge
1883:Cavendish Invitational
1778:European Bridge League
1712:Portland Club (London)
1645:List of bridge writers
1314:Stepping-stone squeeze
1259:Entry-shifting squeeze
896:Kaplan–Sheinwold
800:Useful space principle
2203:Senior Knockout Teams
2198:Roth Open Swiss Teams
1758:British Bridge League
891:Highly unusual method
866:Bridge World Standard
303:Copenhagen convention
276:Comparison to Ghestem
131:Responses to Michaels
2398:Tickets to the Devil
2193:Rockwell Mixed Pairs
2178:North American Pairs
2148:National 199er Pairs
2078:Hilliard Mixed Pairs
2073:Grand National Teams
1903:Senior Bowl (bridge)
1773:English Bridge Union
1707:Melville Bridge Club
735:Prepared opening bid
95:pass-or-correct bid.
83: – 2
68: – 2
16:For other uses, see
2459:Grand Slam (BBC TV)
2263:Young LM–1500 Pairs
2158:National 99er Pairs
2153:National 49er Pairs
2043:Bruce LM–5000 Pairs
1973:World Team Olympiad
1458:Bridge Headquarters
1304:Single-suit squeeze
1279:Progressive squeeze
1244:Criss-cross squeeze
700:Law of total tricks
571:Traveling scoreslip
270:Unusual vs. Unusual
2504:Bridge conventions
2370:Design for Bidding
2307:Master Point Press
2253:Wernher Open Pairs
2208:Silodor Open Pairs
1992:National and Zonal
1687:Bridge Base Online
1467:Players by country
1346:Suit combinations:
1195:Morton's fork coup
941:Strong club system
760:Sacrifice (bridge)
705:Losing-Trick Count
625:Balancing (bridge)
561:Singaporean bridge
471:Cheating in bridge
451:Bridge Murder case
169:are not available.
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2238:Vanderbilt Trophy
2138:Mott-Smith Trophy
2118:Master Individual
2019:Gold Cup (bridge)
1888:Computer Olympiad
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1289:Saturated squeeze
1175:Deschapelles coup
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936:Standard American
861:Bridge Base Basic
765:Shooting (bridge)
690:Honor point count
645:Bridge convention
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521:High card by suit
33:Bridge convention
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2442:The Bridge World
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2093:Lebhar IMP Pairs
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1726:Governing bodies
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1374:Journalist leads
1353:Suit combination
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1269:Knockout squeeze
1239:Compound squeeze
1229:Cannibal squeeze
1224:Backwash squeeze
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1036:Grosvenor gambit
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665:Five-card majors
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496:Duplicate bridge
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139:A preference bid
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64:. For example, 1
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2058:Fast Open Pairs
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1918:WBF Youth Award
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685:Hand evaluation
655:Convention card
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481:Computer bridge
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220:unusual notrump
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101:unusual notrump
43:Michaels cuebid
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25:Contract bridge
23:Main articles:
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960:
959:
953:
951:
947:
946:
944:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
916:Precision Club
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
846:Bidding system
843:
838:
833:
827:
825:
821:
820:
818:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
785:Takeout double
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
640:Board (bridge)
637:
635:Bidding system
632:
627:
622:
616:
614:
606:
605:
602:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
584:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
456:Bridge scoring
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
431:Auction bridge
427:
425:
417:
416:
413:
406:
405:
400:
398:
397:
390:
383:
375:
367:
366:
354:
347:
335:Kearse, Amayla
325:
313:
312:
310:
307:
306:
305:
298:
295:
277:
274:
265:
262:
197:Super Michaels
188:
185:
184:
183:
180:
175:
172:
171:
170:
159:
158:3NT is to play
156:
149:
146:
143:
140:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
121:
108:
105:
97:
96:
73:
29:Bidding system
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2516:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2278:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2128:Mini-Spingold
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Rosenblum Cup
1896:
1894:
1893:McConnell Cup
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:Championships
1832:
1828:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1619:United States
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1394:Rusinow leads
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1384:Rule of 10-12
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:Defender play
1360:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:Trump squeeze
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:Strip squeeze
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1264:Guard squeeze
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:Entry squeeze
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:Clash squeeze
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1200:Scissors coup
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:Merrimac coup
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:Alcatraz coup
1143:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:Declarer play
1108:
1102:
1101:Vacant Places
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1061:Probabilities
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
991:
987:
983:
976:
972:
958:
955:
954:
952:
948:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
826:
822:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:Single suiter
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
650:Brown sticker
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
620:Balanced hand
618:
617:
615:
611:
607:
600:
596:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
551:Rubber bridge
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
446:Bridge maxims
444:
442:
441:Bridge-O-Rama
439:
437:
436:Bridge ethics
434:
432:
429:
428:
426:
422:
418:
411:
407:
403:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
377:
376:
373:
363:
358:
355:
350:
348:0-910791-76-7
344:
340:
336:
329:
326:
323:
318:
315:
308:
304:
301:
300:
296:
294:
282:
275:
273:
271:
263:
261:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
200:
198:
194:
187:Modifications
186:
181:
178:
177:
173:
160:
157:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
136:
130:
125:
122:
119:
118:
117:
113:
106:
104:
102:
90:
78:
74:
63:
59:
58:
57:
54:
52:
48:
44:
38:
34:
30:
26:
19:
2452:TV and Radio
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2311:
2068:Goren Trophy
2023:
1868:Bermuda Bowl
1404:Smith signal
1379:Opening lead
1343:
1334:Vice squeeze
1309:Squeeze play
1214:
1180:Devil's coup
1135:
1116:
1081:Smother play
1051:Pin (bridge)
1016:Card reading
931:Säffle Spade
926:Romex system
901:Little Major
810:Weak two bid
805:Void (cards)
790:Three suiter
675:Forcing pass
536:Masterpoints
461:Bridge whist
357:
338:
328:
317:
279:
267:
251:
239:hi-hi cuebid
238:
236:
234:in one bid.
216:upper cuebid
215:
213:
201:
190:
134:
114:
110:
107:Requirements
103:convention.
98:
55:
42:
40:
1999:Buffett Cup
1697:Crockford's
1666:Dallas Aces
1628:Other lists
1609:Switzerland
1579:New Zealand
1514:Netherlands
1210:Vienna coup
1131:Safety play
950:Conventions
911:Polish Club
876:Carrot Club
856:Boring Club
780:Strong pass
745:Psychic bid
670:Forcing bid
630:Bidding box
247:two suiters
224:two suiters
205:two suiters
2422:Magazines:
2113:Marcus Cup
1913:Venice Cup
1717:Savoy Club
1389:Rule of 11
1205:Trump coup
921:Roman Club
815:Zar Points
795:Two suiter
775:Stolen bid
715:Minor suit
710:Major suit
541:Minibridge
309:References
228:two suiter
209:two suiter
77:minor suit
47:overcaller
2408:Magazines
2188:Reisinger
1671:Four Aces
1661:Blue Team
1474:Australia
1217:Squeezes:
1150:Bath coup
1006:Beer card
979:Card play
851:Blue Club
466:Bridgette
89:relay bid
2498:Category
2218:Spingold
1589:Pakistan
1494:Bulgaria
1096:Uppercut
1076:Shooting
886:Fantunes
725:Overcall
680:Game try
414:Overview
337:(1990).
297:See also
1845:General
1554:Ireland
1544:Hungary
1539:Germany
1529:Fiction
1524:England
1509:Denmark
1489:Britain
1479:Austria
1436:General
1126:Finesse
1041:Hold up
1026:Endplay
989:General
906:Moscito
824:Systems
730:Preempt
660:Cue bid
613:General
603:Bidding
581:Vugraph
511:Goulash
476:Chicago
424:General
281:Ghestem
264:Defense
254:Ghestem
230:in the
2336:Books:
1614:Taiwan
1604:Sweden
1599:Russia
1594:Poland
1584:Norway
1574:Monaco
1569:Mexico
1559:Israel
1534:France
1499:Canada
1484:Brazil
1399:Signal
1138:Coups:
1119:Basic:
1066:Revoke
556:Screen
345:
232:majors
62:majors
35:, and
2295:Books
1861:World
1680:Clubs
1654:Teams
1564:Italy
1549:India
1519:Egypt
1504:China
1086:Tempo
1031:Entry
1011:Caddy
576:Trump
1160:Coup
1071:Ruff
1021:Duck
881:EHAA
841:Acol
566:Suit
343:ISBN
195:and
51:suit
41:The
2500::
260:.
199:.
31:,
27:,
394:e
387:t
380:v
351:.
291:♣
286:♠
258:♣
167:♣
163:♣
161:4
153:♣
93:♣
85:♠
81:♠
70:♣
66:♣
20:.
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