537:, and reliance upon fossil fuel hydrocarbon based energy sources. Global organizations like the United Nations have included sustainable development goals (SDGs) to set a standard of 17 goals for countries around the world to take action on climate change and other related issues. Businesses primarily focus on the return of investment of changes such as their source of energy, consumption patterns or how they transport or manufacture products. Governments confront these larger issues through regulation of natural resources, improved practices, providing subsidies and directly investing in new technologies and renewable energy sources.
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513:, MacKay advocates against small changes with respect to sustainability and gives the example that if everyone unplugged their chargers from the outlet, this would save enough energy to power 66,000 homes for one year. MacKay warns that these types of statements can be misleading, as 66,000 homes out of approximately 25 million homes participating in this action is a quarter of one percent. In other words, each household is only saving one quarter of one percent by unplugging their phones.
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333:, water usage, and waste. One study found that consumers who spent more time looking at the sustainability labels were individuals who cared more about sustainably sourced food, and who were more likely to select products with this labeling. Another study showed that not only does sustainable labeling cause consumers to look at the product for longer, but that the
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found that it transformed an isolated, private task into one that was social, educational, and had a positive impact on the town. They claim that having a group of people in charge of the garden required social interaction and cooperation, and having many members resulted in a collective responsibility that promoted skill sharing and cohesion.
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and waste. The emphasis of micro-sustainability is on an individual's actions, rather than organizational or institutional practices at the systemic level. These small local level actions have immediate community benefits if undertaken on a widespread scale and if imitated, they can have a cumulative
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Effective sustainable intervention occurs in small communities because these spaces allow for greater learning opportunities. One study showed that socialization encouraged learning and innovation which lead to 20% reduction in energy usage sustained over four years. With community gardening, it was
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Especially with transition towns and low carbon communities, the goal is to see if fundamental changes to society in these niches can lead to a wider acceptance of the innovation. This can occur by replicating, scaling, and translating successful practices. Although the goal is to see if changes on
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Textile waste can be reduced by making higher quality garments that are built to last. A general rule of thumb for fast fashion companies is a "10 wash mark", in which clothes are made to last about ten cycles through a washer and dryer. By extending the practical life of a garment, people can use
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Another key factor was the community working together around a clear, well defined goal as group members are willing to participate when they know they are contributing to the good of the community. Towns that would offer similar goals such as a community gardens achieved very different levels of
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in the context of micro-sustainability is a group of people in the same geographic location that interact with one another. These can range from rural communities with low population density to highly dense urban communities. These communities are able to tackle a wider range of initiatives that
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Renewable energy can include hydropower, biomass energy, geothermal energy, wind power, and solar energy. Additionally, communities can educate and promote individual sustainable practices mentioned in part 2. This can be in the form of providing information such as directions to resources and
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range in scale from unaligned, independent affairs to organized networks. While small community initiatives can take many forms, they can be generalized as an organized collective bundle of actions stretching several years or decades intended to transform a community into a sustainable state.
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as a result of that labeling is significant and positive. This means that if consumers value sustainable products that are verified through labeling and are more likely to purchase these products, then food producers and marketers can use this information to provide products that consumer is
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Although some food waste is unavoidable, such as bones or peels, there is a large component of avoidable waste. This is due to issues with over purchasing, poor preparation, and inadequate storage. In the US, "10.1 million tons are left unused on farms and in packing facilities each year."
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Additionally, due to its complex nature, it is almost impossible to model or keep track of all aspects of sustainability, and studies that do attempt to model this found that successful situations at a micro level will either not work, or will worsen environmental impacts at a larger scale.
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Although there is no exact population size to define a rural community, they are typically seen as areas with lower population density. Green rural communities are places where people value a supportive social network and a low-impact, ecologically sustainable life. These can be defined as
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There have been concerns about the effectiveness of micro-sustainability. Much of the research into individual and small community practices are only able to analyze a limited amount of data and cannot fully conclude if the small community changes will result in changes at a larger scale.
140:, education and creating attitudinal changes, which result in an environmentally conscious individual. Micro-sustainability encourages sustainable changes through "change agents"—individuals who foster positive environmental action locally and inside their
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Other studies have looked at consumer preferences regarding sustainably sourced food. Food sustainability can reduce the use of natural resources and limit waste. These improvements in food sustainability can have larger, global benefits such as reducing
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The amount of greenhouse gases being released into the atmosphere due to the number of cars on the roads can be minimized by increasing the number of safe bike lanes and pedestrian walkways, and making public transportation easily accessible.
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also contribute to sustainability. Birds, for example, play an important ecological role in the reduction of insect populations; using birds as a natural way of getting rid of insects could decrease the amount of pesticides used.
628:. It also helps in reducing the amount of insects and weeds, which would reduce the use of pesticides. Fertilizer runoff and pesticides both have the potential to disrupt and harm ecosystems. Having multiple crops, as opposed to
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Implementing a variety of sustainability measures would allow for the redistribution of edible food that would have otherwise been wasted, the reduction of competition for limited resources, and the reduction of pollution.
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A study that surveyed transition towns across the UK found that 76% of them struggle to grow after initial interest fades. This indicates that scaling up beyond committed environmentalists may not be the best approach.
450:. They can exist successfully when a community provides resources such as land, equipment, knowledge and standards regarding care of the green space, and some sort of governance to ensure that the space is well kept.
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Sustainable land use can be achieved when communities reduce greenhouse gas emissions by limiting development of roads, parking lots, etc., and focus on promoting green building design technologies and green spaces.
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533:. Macro-sustainability is a large systematic addressing of sustainability in most cases by the United Nations, governments, multi-national corporations or smaller companies. They discuss global issues including
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The residential sector accounts of 21% of total U.S. energy usage, with approximately 40% of the energy used in homes being used for heating. Individuals can reduce their heating loads by improving their
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their manufacturing to less developed countries to further reduce costs for consumers, which has led to the exploitation of workers, a complex supply chain, and pollution due to transportation.
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Research and development can also be invested into more eco-friendly dyeing methods. ColorZen, for example, has developed a process of dyeing cotton using 75% less energy and 90% less water.
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micro scale can ultimately lead to a successful macro-level change, 89% of transition towns were created by individual citizens coming together—not governments or larger organizations.
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Hinkes, Cordula; Schulze-Ehlers, Birgit (2018). "Consumer attitudes and preferences towards pangasius and tilapia: The role of sustainability certification and the country of origin".
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helps with determining how much fresh water is used and polluted by a given person. With a typical
American single-family home using 70 US gallons (260 L) per person per day indoors,
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centered around small scale environmental measures that ultimately affect the environment through a larger cumulative impact. Micro-sustainability centers on individual efforts,
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interested in. Additionally, if consumers are buying more of a product, they are also incentivizing and rewarding producers that are willing to responsibly source food.
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Forrest, Nigel; Wiek, Arnim (2015). "Success factors and strategies for sustainability transitions of small-scale communities - Evidence from a cross case analysis".
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Depending on the size, wealth, and organization of a community, a variety of sustainable actions can be achieved. These can be broken down into following categories:
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production, there is a high use of chemicals and water, which then find their way back into waterways. In the US, over 85% of discarded clothes end up in landfills.
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Urban communities do not necessarily mean a larger population than rural communities, but that they are more densely populated and more influenced by the effects of
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are more sustainable farming practices. They allow for healthier soil, which in turn reduces the need for fertilizers, which then reduces the amount of fertilizer
2543:"Strategies for Finding and Building Local Support for Your Program: Collected Training Supplements and Materials from the MRC Web Seminar on Microsustainability"
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household energy performance feedback, monitoring performance like annual surveys of energy usage, or initializing community challenges such as a goal to reach
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Bask, Anu; Halme, Merja; Kallio, Markku. "Consumer
Preferences for Sustainability and their Impact on Supply Chain Management: The Case of Mobile Phones".
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their clothes for longer periods of time before having to discard them, and thus consume and waste less. Textile waste may also be reduced through
228:. Sustainable living is a lifestyle that attempts to conserve natural resources. Within an individual household, this can include reducing the
655:, in which water is delivered directly to the roots of crops. This allows for less water to be used, since less water is lost to evaporation.
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606:, and also contributes to air, land, and water pollution. Food waste is a major component of landfills, which are in turn a major source of
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Van Loo, Ellen J. (2015). "Sustainability labels on coffee: Consumer preferences, willingness-to-pay and visual attention to attributes".
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Water usage in agriculture can also be reduced, which would allow for the resource to be redistributed elsewhere. One method of this is
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The fashion sector is a major contributor to air, land, and water pollution. This industry accounts for 10% of carbon emissions. In
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Green spaces within a community protect the habitats of the wildlife in the area. These spaces can be gardens, parks, green alleys,
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1321:"Food Sustainability and Waste Reduction in Spain: Consumer Preferences for Local, Suboptimal, And/Or Unwashed Fresh Food Products"
89:
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Jaffry, Shabbar; Pickering, Helen (2004). "Consumer choices for quality and sustainability labelled seafood products in the UK".
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product disposal. As a result, the study found that major manufacturers consider sustainability in their marketing and products.
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2584:
976:"Growing grassroots innovations: exploring the role of community-based initiatives in governing sustainable energy transitions"
1979:"Life cycle assessment of clothing libraries: can collaborative consumption reduce the environmental impact of fast fashion?"
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2314:"Barriers to implementing climate resilient agricultural strategies: The case of crop diversification in the U.S. Corn Belt"
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2385:"Connecting Drip Irrigation Performance to Farmers' Practices: The Case of Greenhouse Horticulture in the Algerian Sahara"
2563:"Carbon Manna Unlimited announces "The Micro Sustainability Prizes" for Innovations in Markets-based "Micro" Paradigms"
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has become increasingly popular, as it allows consumers to keep up with and then discard these trends at a low cost.
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Waitt, Gordon; Caputi, Peter; Gibson, Chris; Farbotko, Carol; Head, Lesley; Gill, Nick; Stanes, Elyse (2012-03-01).
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may provide an incentive for those in the agricultural sector to donate food that would have otherwise been wasted.
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2028:"Relationship between sustainability and risk management in fashion supply chains: A systematic literature review"
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As individuals become more aware of environmental problems that exist, their consumption decisions can promote
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products to their own facilities that they can maintain a strict standard over would lessen these issues.
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1605:
Dizdaroglu, D. (2015). "Developing micro-level urban ecosystem indicators for sustainability assessment".
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1745:"Historical industrial transitions influence local sustainability planning, capability, and performance"
1096:"Sustainable Household Capability: which households are doing the work of environmental sustainability?"
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success based on the level of structure, goals, and plans that can unite a community and gain interest.
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The following are themes seen across micro-sustainable groups that have resulted in increased success:
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1208:"Understanding household energy consumption behavior: The contribution of energy big data analytics"
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such as toilets, showers, dishwashers, and washing machines can be upgraded to reduce water usage.
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Sustainability in the textile and apparel industries : consumerism and fashion sustainability
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Sustainability in the textile and apparel industries : consumerism and fashion sustainability
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Additionally, some raise questions about the magnitude of change that needs to occur. In the book
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2009 - Jesse
Stallone coined the term micro and macro sustainability based on the ideas of
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Rafi-Ul-Shan, Piyya
Muhammad; Grant, David B.; Perry, Patsy; Ahmed, Shehzad (2018-05-14).
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Rafi-Ul-Shan, Piyya
Muhammad; Grant, David B.; Perry, Patsy; Ahmed, Shehzad (2018-05-14).
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164:, changing commuting habits to use less fossil fuels or modifying buying habits to reduce
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2432:"An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world"
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2257:"An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world"
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2200:"An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world"
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Textiles and clothing sustainability : recycled and upcycled textiles and fashion
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and ultimately affect the types of products on the market. In a study that looked at
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1055:"Transitions on the home front: A story of sustainable living beyond eco-efficiency"
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888:"Green consumption or sustainable lifestyles? Identifying the sustainable consumer"
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1882:. Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, Miguel Ángel Gardetti. Cham: Springer. 2020.
1795:. Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, Miguel Ángel Gardetti. Cham: Springer. 2020.
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713:"Chapter 11 - Sustainable Lifestyles: Rethinking Barriers and Behaviour Change"
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The Global Water
Footprint, averages of how much water is used around the world
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Roesch-McNally, Gabrielle E.; Arbuckle, J. G.; Tyndall, John C. (2018-01-01).
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Young, William; Hwang, Kumju; McDonald, Seonaidh; Oates, Caroline J. (2010).
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797:"Sustainable lifestyles: Framing environmental action in and around the home"
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747:"The lifestyle of sustainability: Testing a behavioral measure of precycling"
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Micro-sustainability is the result of individuals and communities practicing
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836:"Sustainable consumption: green consumer behaviour when purchasing products"
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The Energy Star logo can be found on certified energy-efficient appliances.
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International
Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management
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In contrast to micro-sustainability, the remaining large-scale plans for
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293:. Other measures outside of reducing the heating load include purchasing
1151:"The Water Footprint Concept and Water's Grand Environmental Challenges"
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1261:"Use of energy in homes - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
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Laib, K.; Hartani, T.; Bouarfa, S.; Kuper, M.; Mailhol, J. C. (2018).
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Hobson, Kersty (2001-01-01), Cohen, Maurie J.; Murphy, Joseph (eds.),
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1061:. Narratives and Storytelling in Energy and Climate Change Research.
564:: new trends are constantly being put out to encourage consumption.
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2513:"Food and Tech: Solutions to Recover and Redistribute Food Waste"
2488:"Food and Tech: Solutions to Recover and Redistribute Food Waste"
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926:"How personal actions can kick-start a sustainability revolution"
463:. Communities can practice sustainable waste management such as
1977:
Zamani, Bahareh; Sandin, Gustav; Peters, Greg M. (2017-09-20).
1475:. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer.
18:
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International
Journal of Retail & Distribution Management
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International
Journal of Retail & Distribution Management
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Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution
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Gilg, Andrew; Barr, Stewart; Ford, Nicholas (2005-08-01).
692:(3). Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press): 28.
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Fast fashion, fashion brands and sustainable consumption
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Fast fashion, fashion brands and sustainable consumption
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United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
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Landfill, where a majority of discarded clothing ends up
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MacRae, Patti; Garringer, Michael; et al. (2007).
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Hawken, Paul; Lovins, Amory; Lovins, L. Hunter (1999).
182:" promoted self-sufficiency and local community growth.
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network was formed to reduce dependency on oil in the
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2122:. Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu. Singapore. 2016.
2070:. Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu. Singapore. 2019.
1930:. Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu. Singapore. 2019.
204:, which outlined small scale sustainability actions.
467:, biological treatment, zero waste, and recycling.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
438:High Point Community Garden in Seattle, Washington
1749:Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions
1545:Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions
1005:
1003:
980:Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy
1053:Hagbert, Pernilla; Bradley, Karin (2017-09-01).
509:authored by British physicist and mathematician
16:Individual or small scale sustainability efforts
1743:Ba, Yuhao; Galik, Christopher S. (2023-03-01).
745:Klug, Katharina; Niemand, Thomas (2021-05-15).
313:preferences for sustainability with respect to
2430:Yevich, Rosemarie; Logan, Jennifer A. (2003).
2255:Yevich, Rosemarie; Logan, Jennifer A. (2003).
1706:Macro-economics of mineral and water resources
1360:
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602:The agricultural sector is a major source of
125:A person recycling a glass bottle into a bin.
8:
2545:. Mentoring Resource Center. Archived from
1249:. New York City: Little, Brown and Company.
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144:. Examples of micro-sustainability include
2585:Micro-macro measurements of sustainability
2150:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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795:Barr, Stewart; Gilg, Andrew (2006-11-01).
297:and recycling energy intensive materials.
256:, people can also have a water footprint.
152:by turning off unused lights, programming
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2002:
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1206:Zhou, Kaile; Yang, Shanlin (2016-04-01).
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1720:"THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development"
1691:Sustainable Energy - Without the Hot Air
1471:El-Haggar, Salah; Samaha, Aliaa (2019).
1212:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
974:Seyfang, Gill; Haxeltine, Alex (2011) .
507:Sustainable Energy - Without the Hot Air
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1607:Environmental Impact Assessment Review
719:, Oxford: Pergamon, pp. 191–209,
680:Ibrahim, Mohamed Mohsen (2016-11-09).
610:(a major global warming contributor).
454:Renewable energy and waste management
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1708:. India: Capital Publishing Company.
1059:Energy Research & Social Science
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
639:Pesticides being sprayed over crops
14:
1642:Huppes, G.; Ishikawa, M. (2009).
952:"The "Back to the Land" Movement"
717:Exploring Sustainable Consumption
682:"EcoBIM for micro-sustainability"
529:, are categorized under the term
1149:Hogeboom, Rick J. (2020-03-20).
202:Sustainable Consumption Patterns
23:
2565:. Skynewswire. January 18, 2010
2330:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.12.002
1029:"Micro vs Macro Sustainability"
252:Like the common concept of the
34:needs additional citations for
1663:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.01.007
1379:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.07.011
813:10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.05.002
1:
1995:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.128
1983:Journal of Cleaner Production
1449:10.1016/j.foodpol.2004.04.001
904:10.1016/j.futures.2004.10.016
763:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126699
751:Journal of Cleaner Production
2436:Global Biogeochemical Cycles
2261:Global Biogeochemical Cycles
2204:Global Biogeochemical Cycles
1176:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.02.010
1120:10.1080/00049182.2012.649519
560:The industry's main goal is
2360:"Gale - Institution Finder"
2318:Global Environmental Change
1406:10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.001
1303:10.1108/IJPDLM-03-2012-0081
342:Group and community actions
295:energy-efficient appliances
234:domestic energy consumption
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2044:10.1108/IJRDM-04-2017-0092
1856:10.1108/IJRDM-04-2017-0092
1761:10.1016/j.eist.2022.100690
1619:10.1016/j.eiar.2015.06.004
1557:10.1016/j.eist.2015.05.005
1224:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.001
1072:10.1016/j.erss.2017.05.002
698:10.5339/qproc.2016.qgbc.28
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2174:Crain's New York Business
1481:10.1007/978-3-030-14584-2
180:back-to-the-land movement
659:Implementing government
331:greenhouse gas emissions
2600:Sustainable development
2389:Irrigation and Drainage
840:Sustainable Development
2517:NYC Food Policy Center
2492:NYC Food Policy Center
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415:Sustainable transport
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138:behavior modification
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2282:10.1029/2002GB001952
2225:10.1029/2002GB001952
1651:Ecological Economics
1367:Ecological Economics
950:Daloz, Kate (2016).
686:Qscience Proceedings
618:Crop diversification
531:macro-sustainability
521:Macro-sustainability
301:Consumer preferences
262:household appliances
130:Micro-sustainability
43:improve this article
2448:2003GBioC..17.1095Y
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2194:Yevich, Rosemarie;
2170:"Better way to dye"
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598:Agricultural Sector
471:Methods for success
283:building insulation
142:sphere of influence
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2196:Logan, Jennifer A.
1338:10.3390/su12104148
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226:sustainable living
220:Individual actions
132:is the portion of
127:
2364:galeapps.gale.com
2129:978-981-10-2146-6
2077:978-981-13-1268-7
1937:978-981-13-1268-7
1889:978-3-030-38532-3
1802:978-3-030-38532-3
1583:Our World in Data
1490:978-3-030-14583-5
726:978-0-08-043920-4
511:David J.C. MacKay
461:carbon neutrality
376:Urban communities
355:Rural communities
236:of the building.
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1577:(2018-06-13).
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392:Types of work
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315:mobile phones
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307:green designs
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178:1960s - The "
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158:use of energy
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2567:. Retrieved
2551:. Retrieved
2547:the original
2521:. Retrieved
2519:. 2019-06-26
2516:
2507:
2496:. Retrieved
2494:. 2019-06-26
2491:
2482:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2367:. Retrieved
2363:
2354:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2207:
2203:
2189:
2178:. Retrieved
2176:. 2018-06-18
2173:
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2118:
2112:
2066:
2060:
2035:
2031:
2021:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1926:
1920:
1878:
1872:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1791:
1785:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1727:. Retrieved
1723:
1714:
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1548:
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1430:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1370:
1366:
1331:(10): 4148.
1328:
1324:
1294:
1290:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:
1255:
1246:
1240:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1106:(1): 51–74.
1103:
1099:
1089:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1037:. Retrieved
1035:. 2009-12-29
1032:
1011:
983:
979:
945:
934:. Retrieved
932:. 2010-02-03
929:
920:
895:
891:
846:(1): 20–31.
843:
839:
829:
804:
800:
754:
750:
740:
730:, retrieved
716:
706:
689:
685:
675:
657:
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642:
616:
612:
601:
593:
581:
570:
566:Fast fashion
562:obsolescence
559:
552:
530:
524:
515:
506:
504:
500:
491:
488:Goal setting
482:
474:
465:incineration
457:
448:buffer zones
446:, and green
441:
430:Green spaces
424:
403:
395:
386:
382:urbanization
379:
370:eco-villages
358:
345:
327:
319:raw material
304:
285:, improving
279:
251:
223:
201:
150:power saving
129:
128:
105:
99:January 2012
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2569:January 12,
2553:January 12,
2324:: 206–215.
1724:sdgs.un.org
1628:11693/21092
1613:: 119–124.
1437:Food Policy
1400:: 171–181.
1373:: 215–225.
1265:www.eia.gov
1218:: 810–819.
1065:: 240–248.
630:monoculture
444:green roofs
323:end of life
196:2007 - The
185:2007 - The
166:consumption
162:water usage
160:, reducing
154:thermostats
2594:Categories
2523:2021-03-01
2498:2021-03-01
2442:(4): n/a.
2369:2021-03-01
2267:(4): n/a.
2210:(4): n/a.
2180:2021-03-01
2086:1041931248
1946:1041931248
1898:1147258468
1811:1147258468
1755:: 100690.
1729:2023-04-19
1575:Roser, Max
1348:10532/5012
1270:2021-08-31
1039:2018-08-06
936:2021-08-31
861:10059/1015
757:: 126699.
732:2023-04-19
667:References
645:pesticides
604:food waste
577:Insourcing
497:Criticisms
200:published
69:newspapers
2466:1944-9224
2417:116781424
2409:1531-0361
2346:158821915
2338:0959-3780
2291:1944-9224
2234:1944-9224
2146:cite book
2138:956376348
2094:cite book
2052:0959-0552
2013:0959-6526
1954:cite book
1906:cite book
1864:0959-0552
1819:cite book
1777:255653001
1769:2210-4224
1671:153424574
1551:: 22–40.
1507:182585383
1499:2522-8722
1232:1364-0321
1193:216486954
1185:2590-3322
1155:One Earth
1136:145112743
1128:0004-9182
1081:2214-6296
912:0016-3287
870:1099-1719
821:0016-7185
779:233619438
771:0959-6526
589:upcycling
585:recycling
573:outsource
348:community
146:recycling
2474:15112465
2299:15112465
2242:15112465
2198:(2003).
1422:13687911
1414:29733863
1394:Appetite
801:Geoforum
400:Land use
311:consumer
2444:Bibcode
2269:Bibcode
2212:Bibcode
1297:(5/6).
1163:Bibcode
1108:Bibcode
1014:. 2007.
892:Futures
608:methane
555:textile
173:History
83:scholar
2472:
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2415:
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2011:
1944:
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626:runoff
85:
78:
71:
64:
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2470:S2CID
2413:S2CID
2342:S2CID
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