872:; awareness of linguistic and ethnic distinctiveness; complexity of the dialectal environment, which prompts speakers to introduce their own literary language (especially during the formation of national literary languages) on the basis of a close group of dialects; pre-existing literary tradition in a related or unrelated language, which could provide ground for experiments in using the native language as a literary standard. The number of speakers alone does not guarantee the emergence of a literary standard, although it influences the potential outcome of the literary language formation process. Historical factors stimulating the emergence of a number of Slavic microlanguages has been
36:
904:, who believes that due to the vague and ambiguous definition of the term “Slavic microlanguages”, a number of researchers, including Aleksandr Dulichenko himself, have assigned different meanings to the concept of Slavic microlanguages. The use of this term, according to Skorvid, is inappropriate, since it can refer to completely dissimilar language varieties. All Slavic idioms of limited use can be more clearly defined by other terms. For instance, the
996:
783:. In contrast to a dialect exploited for artistic purposes, every minor literary Slavic language is to a greater or lesser degree governed by an organised literary and linguistic process that provides for the establishment and development of a literary microlanguage, and which presents it as such.
1013:
have all been labeled "new microlanguages". Most of the linguistic varieties that
Aleksandr Dulichenko groups as "microlanguages", are classified as "literary dialects" by Vladislav Knoll. In Knoll's opinion, it is necessary to separate the group of literary idiolects, such as the project of the
985:
points out to “the lack of a strict definition of the key terms in the literary microlanguage theory". This, in his opinion, gives ground to refer to an increasing number of Slavic idioms of both the present and the past as Slavic microlanguages, which has recently become a trend. In particular,
927:
in Poland and some other idioms should rather be classified as minority languages. Kashubian in Poland, Carpathian Rusyn in
Ukraine, Kajkavian and Chakavian in Croatia, as well as other similar idioms, whose speakers have a distinct regional ethno-linguistic identity, should rather be considered
700:
840:; unlike cultural-linguistic groups, these are more distinct in terms of ethnicity and language. Both peripheral and insular branches consider themselves to be an inseparable part of the corresponding Slavic ethnic nation: the Banat Bulgarians see themselves as part of the
631:) may also be considered newly formed Slavic microlanguages. Movement for the creation of literary standards in Silesian and Goral dialects has begun in Southern Poland in the 1990s; such movements are typically decentralised: different communities propose their own
1104:Милетич, Любомир. Нова латинска писменост за македонските българи под Гърция. — Македонски преглед, С., 1925, г. I, кн. 5 и 6, с. 229–233. (Miletich, Lyubomir. New latin alphabet for Macedonian Bulgarians under Greece, Macedonian review, 1925, vol. 5-6, pp. 229–233)
809:
literary microlanguages function in the environment of cultural and linguistic groups that exist within the peripheral (ethnic) area and are distinguished within its framework only by local features of culture-historical and linguistic (dialectal) nature – such are
884:
It is noteworthy that almost all peripheral literary microlanguages at the initial stage of their development (that it, before the period of national revival) were regional varieties that competed to become the basis of the emerging national literary language.
747:
in the case of the former and, in the case of the latter, a more relaxed standard. The national language often displays a standardised spoken form whereas such a regularity is absent from microlanguages (whose spoken form often consists of divergent
366:
209:
790:
and non-Slavic areas, earning some the designation of linguistic "islands" resulting from a past migration, whereas others exist indigenously, having never been entirely separated from their genetic and geographic points of origin.
880:
movements (19th century), and subjective factors such as prominent enlightenment figures giving an impetus to the development of the emerging literary standard based on their dialect, mainly by the power of their literary works.
1198:
899:
513:
1408:
Jazyki malyh etničeskih grupp: funkcionaljnyj status i problemy razvitija slovaria (na slavianskom materïale) // Modernisierung des
Wortschatzes europäischer Regional- und Minderheitensprachen. Tübingen,
722:
461:
344:. Periodicals and books have been published in different countries, with one primer published in 1925; nowadays, as far as is known, the literary standard is no longer used.
623:("Bunjevac Journal") publishes articles in the Bunjevac language, and a number of primary schools have introduced Bunjevac language classes in areas populated by Bunjevci.
571:
influence of East Slavic Rusyn dialects. Based on a set of criteria, this language occupies an intermediate position between microlanguages and the main Slavic languages.
2388:
517:
509:
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According to
Aleskandr Dulichenko, the formation process of new literary microlanguages is still ongoing. One example is the Bunjevac literary standard based on
658:
of contemporary Slavic microlanguages either live among unrelated linguistic communities, thereby constituting an ethnic "island", or live on the geographical
453:
922:
743:
between national standard languages and microlanguages can be ascertained by examining internal attributes, such as the disparity between strictly enforced
1014:
Lachian language and the group of regional literary languages, such as Molise
Croatian and Pannonian Rusyn, and, possibly, Kashubian and Slovakian Rusyn.
868:
Conditions necessary for the emergence of literary microlanguages include: compactly populated area of speakers and the resulting isolation from the main
852:. There is a number of other cases where the border between microlanguages and independent Slavic languages may be indistinct: for example, the "insular"
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803:, but rather the cultural-linguistic and ethno-linguistic groups which are in turn branches of larger Slavic ethnic groups or nations.
666:. Correspondingly, these microlanguages can be divided into insular and peripheral categories (the latter of which can also be called
341:
1431:(Славянская микрофилология (Slavica Tartuensia XI (Tartu Ülikool / Тартуский университет) — Slavic Eurasian Studies № 34) ed.).
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79:
57:
134:
and are used in a variety of circumstances typical of codified idioms—albeit in a limited fashion and always alongside a national
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1440:
848:. Pannonian Rusyn can be considered an independent Slavic language instead of a literary microlanguage, since it is used by an
1535:
2378:
1203:"Перемещается ли серболужицкий язык в двух его литературных формах в категорию «славянских (литературных) микроязыков»?"
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2001:
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522:— project to introduce a literary standard based on local Belarusian dialects in Lithuania; used since late 1980s
333:
2205:
934:
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group, the
Chakavians and the Kajkavians, as well as the Burgenland Croats and the Molise Croats — as part the
534:
150:, each literary microlanguage is traced back to one of the major Slavic languages or is closely related to it.
50:
44:
1396:
Malyje slavianskije literaturnyje jazyki (mikrojazyki) // Jazyki Mira: Slavianskije Jazyki. М.: Academia, 2005
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986:
modern varieties such as
Podhalian, Masurian, Silesian and Moravian, as well as historical languages such as
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variants. Nonetheless, efforts are made to create literary works in these languages, particularly, the
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As literary microlanguages are, in terms of functionality, more expansive than their corresponding
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1415:
Kleinschriftsprachen in der slawischen
Sprachenwelt // Zeitschrift für Slawistik, 1994, Bd. 39.
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1331:"От литературных идиолектов к региональным литературным языкам (не только) в славянском мире"
1267:"От литературных идиолектов к региональным литературным языкам (не только) в славянском мире"
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in Poland are both generally considered to be separate languages by the
Russian linguists.
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Slavianskije literaturnyje mikrojazyki. Voprosy formirovanija i rasvitija. Tallinn, 1981.
1069:. Vol. 16. Wydaw. Instytutu Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk. pp. 41–49.
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Theory of “Slavic microlinguistics” is critically assessed by the
Russian Slavic scholar
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An organisation seeking to preserve and develop the Pannonian Rusyn language in Serbia
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2403:
2393:
2093:
1969:
1714:
1640:
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833:
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and explored genres in the case of national languages, compared to the narrowness of
372:
190:
2011:
1785:
916:) in Germany, Pannonian Rusyn in Serbia and Croatia, Carpathian Rusyn in Slovakia,
663:
610:
752:). Likewise, the difference can be seen in external attributes such as extensive
2340:
2327:
1177:. Vol. 720 (2nd ed., erased ed.). Moscow: «Флинта». pp. 604–605.
1149:. Vol. 720 (2nd ed., erased ed.). Moscow: «Флинта». pp. 559–560.
1121:. Vol. 720 (2nd ed., erased ed.). Moscow: «Флинта». pp. 603–604.
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636:
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775:, often by way of foreign borrowings, and recourse to a previous literary and
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267:
223:
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Grażyna Balowska (2000). "Mikrojęzyki literackie". In Władysław Lubaś (ed.).
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activists have established National Council of the Bunjevac Ethnic Minority (
17:
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Slavic microlanguages exist both as geographically and socially peripheral
856:, spoken by the Slavic national minority in Germany, and the "peripheral"
2347:
2271:
2229:
1028:
975:
606:
583:
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176:
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In terms of location, Slavic microlanguages exist in both predominantly
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Cultural and political organisation of the Bunjevci minority in Serbia
2081:
1345:
1281:
1217:
944:
845:
828:— correspond with the insular literary microlanguages — such are the
800:
644:
614:
479:
467:
320:
316:
302:
232:
126:
of more well-established Slavic languages and as completely isolated
1520:
427:; attempts to introduce a literary standard were made in late 1980s
1436:
928:
regional languages. Written languages such as Podlachian, used by
787:
757:
601:
294:
236:
198:
1508:
1524:
29:
850:
ethnic group, recognised by some to be a distinct nationality
799:
The majority of Slavic microlanguages are not represented by
559:
and Croatia; genetically, Pannonian Rusyn is related to the
154:
is the only language that poses a challenge in this regard.
1514:
824:
ethno-linguistic groups — represented by the "islands" of
115:
in late 1970s; it subsequently became a standard term in
130:. They often enjoy a written form, a certain degree of
686:(which may also be characterised as "peninsular") and
239:) since the 15th–16th centuries, originally spoken in
1338:Миноритарные и региональные языки и культуры Славии (
1274:Миноритарные и региональные языки и культуры Славии (
1210:Миноритарные и региональные языки и культуры Славии (
600:
Bunjevci themselves are hypothesised to be Catholic
2364:
2311:
2220:
2174:
2102:
2067:
2056:
2022:
1920:
1845:
1836:
1775:
1757:
1734:
1725:
1626:
1558:
760:and limited functional role of microlanguages.
589:Nacionalni savet bunjevačke nacionalne manjine
582:, introduced at the turn of the 20th century.
375:in eastern Slovakia since the mid-18th century
1536:
618:
593:
587:
103:of historically prominent nations. The term "
8:
231:(Molise Croatian) — spoken in the region of
864:Origin and history of Slavic microlanguages
2064:
1842:
1731:
1543:
1529:
1521:
1511:Cultural organisation of Burgenland Croats
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1499:Materials on the Resian-Slovene language
670:). The prominent insular standards are:
609:and see themselves either as a distinct
605:who had once migrated to Vojvodina from
43:This article includes a list of general
1055:
2384:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony
1475:
1464:
1372:
1361:
1308:
1297:
1244:
1233:
528:(Sudovian/Yotvingian) — south-western
491:(Sudovian/Yotvingian) — south-western
99:that exist alongside the better-known
651:Insular and peripheral microlanguages
563:, however, it has experienced strong
395:— used by only one author — the poet
7:
876:(in the 16th century), the Slavic
771:and a more systematised, codified
423:— based on the Polish dialects of
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
974:, can be classified as "literary
627:and Goral (standard based on the
305:), spoken since the 18th century.
966:, and West Polesian promoted by
690:. The peripheral group includes
647:has been translated into Goral.
34:
1441:Slavic-Eurasian Research Center
1175:Введение в славянскую филологию
1147:Введение в славянскую филологию
1119:Введение в славянскую филологию
2244:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
1:
1447:; Slaavi Filoloogia Osakond,
2379:Slavic second palatalization
1509:Gradišćansko-hrvatski Centar
578:of Serbo-Croatian spoken in
2374:Slavic first palatalization
1515:Bunjevački Nacionalni Savet
1340:Институт славяноведения РАН
1276:Институт славяноведения РАН
1220:: «МИК». pp. 125–127.
1212:Институт славяноведения РАН
978:" and "literary dialects".
274:) and surrounding areas of
2495:
735:Functional characteristics
548:Pannonian (Yugoslav) Rusyn
2447:
2166:Slavic dialects of Greece
1485:Retrieved 2020-10-30.
1425:Славянская микрофилология
741:hierarchical relationship
334:Slavic dialects of Greece
179:), neighbouring areas of
1081:"Литературный микроязык"
1011:Transylvanian Bulgarian
947:or the already defunct
696:Literary Eastern Slovak
362:Literary Eastern Slovak
291:Banat Bulgarian dialect
266:(Gradishan Croatian) —
64:more precise citations.
619:
594:
588:
142:List of microlanguages
2297:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
1348:: «МИК». p. 23.
1284:: «МИК». p. 11.
615:Croatian ethnic group
613:or a subgroup of the
229:Slavomolisano dialect
195:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
93:Slavic microlanguages
968:Nikolai Shelyagovich
662:of their historical
113:Aleksandr Dulichenko
107:microlanguages" was
97:linguistic varieties
2323:Pan-Slavic language
2122:Burgenland Croatian
2002:Marcho-Magdeburgian
1599:Old Church Slavonic
1445:Hokkaido University
1024:Dialect or language
826:national minorities
781:vernacular dialects
779:tradition alien to
676:Burgenland Croatian
537:(their language) —
264:Burgenland Croatian
2409:Illič-Svityč's law
2389:Monophthongization
1897:Camaldolese Slovak
1710:Canadian Ukrainian
1576:Up to Proto-Slavic
1569:Proto-Balto-Slavic
1474:Unknown parameter
1371:Unknown parameter
1307:Unknown parameter
1243:Unknown parameter
1007:Camaldolese Slovak
992:Bernolákova Slovak
846:Croat ethnic group
668:regional languages
472:Zakarpattia Oblast
371:— the language of
27:Linguistic concept
2461:
2460:
2454:extinct languages
2285:Solombala English
2216:
2215:
2139:Prekmurje Slovene
2052:
2051:
1832:
1831:
1686:Doukhobor Russian
1609:Glagolitic script
1458:978-4-938637-94-1
1451:. pp. 3–19.
1355:978-5-87902-356-5
1344:. Vol. 272.
1291:978-5-87902-356-5
1280:. Vol. 272.
1227:978-5-87902-356-5
1216:. Vol. 272.
1184:978-5-9765-0321-2
1156:978-5-9765-0321-2
1128:978-5-9765-0321-2
981:Czech researcher
906:Sorbian languages
870:dialect continuum
830:Burgenland Croats
692:Prekmurje Slovene
620:Bunjevačke novine
595:Bunjevačka matica
576:Bunjevac dialects
313:Bulgarian Muslims
169:Prekmurje Slovene
136:standard language
90:
89:
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16:(Redirected from
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2474:Slavic languages
2355:Slavonic-Serbian
2206:Cieszyn Silesian
2077:Carpathian Rusyn
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1617:Modern languages
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878:national revival
842:Bulgarian ethnic
838:Banat Bulgarians
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718:Carpathian Rusyn
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449:Carpathian Rusyn
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397:Óndra Łysohorsky
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249:Slavonic-Serbian
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101:Slavic languages
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2222:Mixed languages
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2112:Banat Bulgarian
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1908:Pannonian Rusyn
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1656:Old Novgorodian
1649:Old East Slavic
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1604:Cyrillic script
1594:Church Slavonic
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1420:Dulichenko A.D.
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745:standardisation
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688:Banat Bulgarian
680:Molise Croatian
656:Native speakers
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629:Podhale dialect
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561:Slovak language
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436:
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399:— based on the
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175:(north-eastern
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132:standardisation
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56:Please help to
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2319:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2267:Romano-Serbian
2264:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2184:Eastern Slovak
2180:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2071:
2062:
2058:Microlanguages
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1929:East Lechitic
1926:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1903:Eastern Slovak
1900:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1884:White Croatian
1881:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1860:Biblical Czech
1851:
1849:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1792:Serbo-Croatian
1789:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1668:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1457:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1354:
1318:
1290:
1254:
1226:
1190:
1183:
1162:
1155:
1134:
1127:
1106:
1097:
1072:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1016:
988:Biblical Czech
895:Sergey Skorvid
890:
887:
865:
862:
796:
793:
736:
733:
684:Resian dialect
652:
649:
544:
543:
542:
541:
532:
523:
497:
496:
495:
486:
466:) — spoken by
435:
432:
431:
430:
429:
428:
406:
405:
404:
378:
377:
376:
352:
349:
348:
347:
346:
345:
326:
325:
324:
306:
283:
282:
281:
280:
279:
256:
251:
246:
245:
244:
219:Serbo-Croatian
216:
215:
214:
205:Veneto-Slovene
202:
187:Resian dialect
184:
159:
156:
148:classification
143:
140:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2491:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:Meillet's law
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2235:20th century
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:Slavomolisano
2152:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2094:West Polesian
2092:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:Lower Sorbian
2035:
2033:
2032:Upper Sorbian
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:West Lechitic
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1956:Middle Polish
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1817:Slavomolisano
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:Alpine Slavic
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1715:Simple speech
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1641:Simple speech
1639:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1476:|agency=
1468:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1449:Tartu Ülikool
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1378:
1373:|agency=
1365:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1309:|agency=
1301:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1245:|agency=
1237:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1199:Skorvid S. S.
1194:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1056:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:Trnava Slovak
998:
993:
989:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
955:
950:
946:
942:
936:
931:
930:Jan Maksymiuk
924:
919:
915:
914:Lower Sorbian
911:
907:
901:
896:
888:
886:
882:
879:
875:
874:Protestantism
871:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:Molise Croats
831:
827:
823:
819:
818:in Croatia.
817:
813:
808:
804:
802:
795:Ethnic factor
794:
792:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
755:
754:functionality
751:
746:
742:
734:
732:
730:
729:West Polesian
724:
719:
713:
708:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:ethnic groups
661:
657:
650:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
616:
612:
608:
603:
596:
590:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:
540:
536:
533:
531:
527:
526:West Polesian
524:
519:
515:
511:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
494:
490:
489:West Polesian
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
463:
459:
455:
450:
446:
443:
442:
441:
438:
437:
433:
426:
420:
415:
412:
411:
410:
407:
402:
398:
392:
387:
384:
383:
382:
379:
374:
368:
363:
360:
359:
358:
355:
354:
350:
343:
339:
335:
332:
331:
330:
327:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
289:
288:
287:
284:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
261:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
211:
206:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
155:
153:
149:
141:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:are literary
94:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
18:Microlanguage
2449:
2439:Winter's law
2399:Havlík's law
2353:
2346:
2339:
2295:
2283:
2276:
2251:Mednyj Aleut
2249:
2242:
2234:
2104:South Slavic
2061:and dialects
2057:
1968:
1954:
1947:
1895:
1871:
1866:Czechoslovak
1864:
1847:Czech-Slovak
1784:
1759:Transitional
1727:South Slavic
1663:
1654:
1647:
1615:
1583:Proto-Slavic
1581:
1574:
1567:
1424:
1388:Bibliography
1337:
1321:
1273:
1257:
1209:
1193:
1174:
1165:
1146:
1137:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:
1075:
1065:
1058:
980:
892:
883:
867:
821:
820:
806:
805:
798:
785:
762:
739:The precise
738:
731:and others.
654:
611:ethnic group
573:
551:— spoken by
546:
545:
336:— spoken by
311:— spoken by
191:Resia Valley
158:South Slavic
146:In terms of
145:
121:
92:
91:
76:
70:January 2011
67:
48:
2414:Ivšić's law
2341:Army Slavic
2328:Interslavic
2313:Constructed
2176:West Slavic
2069:East Slavic
1838:West Slavic
1807:Montenegrin
1628:East Slavic
1503:Ruska Matka
995: [
952: [
933: [
921: [
898: [
721: [
710: [
699: [
637:orthography
508: [
452: [
434:East Slavic
417: [
389: [
373:Protestants
365: [
351:West Slavic
338:Macedonians
208: [
62:introducing
2468:Categories
2404:Hirt's law
2394:Dybo's law
2365:Historical
2278:Russenorsk
2257:Ponaschemu
2149:Shtokavian
2089:Podlachian
1990:Slovincian
1980:Pomeranian
1949:Old Polish
1749:Macedonian
1636:Belarusian
1491:References
958:, used by
816:Kajkavians
812:Chakavians
807:Peripheral
777:linguistic
535:Podlachian
505:Halshanish
500:Belarusian
329:Macedonian
268:Burgenland
224:Shtokavian
128:ethnolects
117:Slavistics
45:references
2452:indicate
2367:phonology
2315:languages
2303:Trasianka
2129:Kajkavian
2117:Chakavian
2042:Schleifer
1985:Kashubian
1767:Torlakian
1744:Bulgarian
1700:Ukrainian
1665:Ruthenian
1497:Resianica
1478:ignored (
1467:cite book
1375:ignored (
1364:cite book
1311:ignored (
1300:cite book
1247:ignored (
1236:cite book
1090:8 January
1039:Trasianka
976:idiolects
889:Criticism
858:Kashubian
660:periphery
580:Vojvodina
565:substrate
557:Vojvodina
539:Podlachia
514:be-tarask
440:Ukrainian
425:Lithuania
367:be-tarask
286:Bulgarian
259:Chakavian
254:Kajkavian
173:Prekmurje
2348:Iazychie
2272:Runglish
2230:Balachka
2201:Silesian
2159:Bunjevac
2007:Polabian
1964:Silesian
1943:dialects
1938:Masurian
1922:Lechitic
1879:Moravian
1802:Croatian
1705:dialects
1676:dialects
1422:(2018).
1329:(2017).
1327:Knoll V.
1265:(2017).
1263:Knoll V.
1201:(2017).
1173:(2014).
1145:(2014).
1117:(2014).
1085:Академик
1029:Balachka
1018:See also
941:Masurian
765:dialects
750:dialects
625:Silesian
607:Dalmatia
584:Bunjevci
569:adstrate
476:Slovakia
401:Silesian
241:Dalmatia
177:Slovenia
124:dialects
105:literary
2450:Italics
2335:Lydnevi
2291:Surzhyk
2024:Sorbian
1873:Knaanic
1824:Slovene
1812:Serbian
1797:Bosnian
1777:Western
1736:Eastern
1671:Russian
1560:History
1433:Sapporo
1034:Surzhyk
972:Belarus
949:Lachian
854:Sorbian
822:Insular
801:nations
773:grammar
769:lexicon
707:Lachian
641:grammar
633:writing
530:Belarus
493:Belarus
484:Hungary
470:in the
414:Vichian
403:dialect
386:Lachian
299:Romania
276:Hungary
272:Austria
181:Austria
164:Slovene
58:improve
2262:Quelia
2144:Resian
1933:Polish
1891:Slovak
1588:Accent
1455:
1352:
1346:Moscow
1288:
1282:Moscow
1224:
1218:Moscow
1181:
1153:
1125:
945:Poland
788:Slavic
758:genres
682:, the
645:Gospel
592:) and
553:Rusyns
480:Poland
468:Rusyns
409:Polish
357:Slovak
342:Greece
321:Pomaks
317:Greece
303:Serbia
233:Molise
109:coined
47:, but
2196:Goral
2134:Pomak
2082:Lemko
1855:Czech
1695:Rusyn
1437:Tartu
1429:(PDF)
1409:1999.
1334:(PDF)
1270:(PDF)
1206:(PDF)
1050:Notes
999:]
962:poet
960:Czech
956:]
937:]
925:]
918:Lemko
910:Upper
902:]
725:]
714:]
703:]
672:Rusyn
602:Serbs
520:]
464:]
445:Rusyn
421:]
393:]
381:Czech
369:]
309:Pomak
295:Banat
237:Italy
212:]
199:Italy
2012:Rani
1970:Lach
1480:help
1453:ISBN
1377:help
1350:ISBN
1313:help
1286:ISBN
1249:help
1222:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1123:ISBN
1092:2019
1009:and
912:and
639:and
567:and
301:and
970:in
943:in
555:of
454:rue
340:in
315:in
293:—
111:by
2470::
1471::
1469:}}
1465:{{
1443:,
1439::
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1298:{{
1272:.
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1238:}}
1234:{{
1208:.
1083:.
1005:,
1001:,
997:ru
990:,
954:ru
939:,
935:pl
923:ru
900:ru
836:,
832:,
814:,
727:,
723:ru
716:,
712:ru
705:,
701:ru
694:,
678:,
674:,
635:,
617:.
598:;
518:ru
516:;
512:;
510:be
482:,
478:,
474:,
462:ru
460:;
458:uk
456:;
419:uk
391:uk
323:).
210:ru
201:).
197:,
189:—
171:—
138:.
119:.
2456:.
1590:)
1586:(
1544:e
1537:t
1530:v
1482:)
1461:.
1379:)
1358:.
1342:)
1315:)
1294:.
1278:)
1251:)
1230:.
1214:)
1187:.
1159:.
1131:.
1094:.
908:(
447:(
319:(
297:(
278:.
270:(
243:.
235:(
193:(
183:.
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.