2947:
484:
136:
910:
118:
2954:
986:
3112:
825:
798:
966:
2164:
2169:
2941:
937:
589:, by contrast, is larger and extends to near the rear edge of the skull roof. Along with the jugal, squamosal, and quadratojugal, the postorbital edges a tall, narrow opening in the rear portion of the skull. This opening, termed a ventral temporal emargination, is likely homologous to the
1166:
MacDougall, Mark J.; Tabor, Neil J.; Woodhead, Jon; Daoust, Andrew R.; Reisz, Robert R. (2017-06-01). "The unique preservational environment of the Early
Permian (Cisuralian) fossiliferous cave deposits of the Richards Spur locality, Oklahoma".
514:. The maxilla was long and narrow, possessing conical teeth which only differed from each other in a slight shortening trend towards the rear of the maxilla. The maxillary tooth count was 32 or 33, more than any other parareptile apart from
703:
appears in
Laurasia soon after the earliest known parareptiles, and spurred discussion supporting the origin of parareptiles in Laurasia. Other factors in support of a Laurasian origin are the early appearance of the Laurasian
498:(eye holes) and weak sutures, the specimen was likely a juvenile. Most of the skull bones were externally textured by radiating pits and furrows, with both sparse large pits and numerous tiny pits as in basal
3190:
3259:
3254:
656:
possesses a folded ridge on its outer surface, and encompasses the front half of a hole at the rear of the jaw. The rear half of the hole is edged by the
1212:"Plicidentine in the Early Permian Parareptile Colobomycter pholeter, and Its Phylogenetic and Functional Significance among Coeval Members of the Clade"
3177:
1465:"The first record of a nyctiphruretid parareptile from the Early Permian of North America, with a discussion of parareptilian temporal fenestration"
3264:
1684:
3249:
603:, although differs in the participation of the postorbital in its border. However, other parareptiles with postorbital participation (
732:
1063:
However, since the original description, various other analyses have each had slightly different conclusions on the position of
2946:
736:
2710:
448:
2953:
135:
2804:
1603:
MacDougall, Mark J.; Winge, Anika; Ponstein, Jasper; Jansen, Maren; Reisz, Robert R.; Fröbisch, Jörg (2019-10-31).
2856:
406:
1775:
1677:
648:
had tubular paroccipital processes, rather than fan-shaped ones present in other parareptiles. The elongated
2762:
1802:
472:
3132:
2899:
2736:
2123:
1277:
Cisneros, J.C.; Damiani, R.; Schultz, C.; Rosa, A. da.; Schwanke, C.; Neto, L.W.; Aurélio, P.L.P. (2004).
590:
348:
3244:
3216:
2684:
2163:
684:
296:
2168:
3164:
2940:
1511:
1223:
1176:
456:
247:
2098:
536:
was not complete, the internal texture of the overlapping maxilla indicates that it extended to the
444:
3115:
2328:
1670:
483:
3054:
2699:
2483:
2438:
2401:
2216:
2070:
1445:
1406:
1329:
Modesto, S. P.; Scott, D. M.; MacDougall, M. J.; Sues, H.-D.; Evans, D. C.; Reisz, R. R. (2015).
1148:
838:
669:
622:
511:
364:
299:
206:
130:
3221:
2629:
3203:
3195:
3044:
2998:
2793:
1648:
1630:
1547:
1529:
1360:
1308:
1259:
1241:
1192:
1084:
905:
751:
724:
that colonization of
Gondwana by Laurasian amniotes was more common than the reverse process.
652:
is ornamented with small pits, but its teeth are obscured and cannot be properly counted. The
626:
499:
3208:
1129:
gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower
Permian of Oklahoma: the basalmost parareptile from Laurasia"
2845:
2467:
2237:
1919:
1638:
1620:
1585:
1537:
1519:
1476:
1437:
1398:
1350:
1342:
1298:
1290:
1249:
1231:
1184:
1140:
610:
586:
582:
574:
529:
352:
344:
909:
2820:
2613:
2570:
2476:
2257:
1989:
1760:
560:
556:
495:
452:
117:
1515:
1426:"A new parareptile (Parareptilia, Lanthanosuchoidea) from the Early Permian of Oklahoma"
1379:
1279:"A procolophonoid reptile with temporal fenestration from the Middle Triassic of Brazil"
1227:
1180:
629:, and tall, boxy squamosal and quadratojugal which are excavated along their rear edge.
3074:
2751:
2520:
2497:
1928:
1885:
1787:
1643:
1604:
1542:
1495:
1355:
1330:
1303:
1278:
1254:
1211:
985:
960:
853:
760:
665:
657:
641:
605:
599:
516:
507:
385:
and that multiple lineages developed openings or emarginations in the temporal region.
369:
360:
824:
797:
3238:
3049:
3003:
2993:
2988:
2888:
2836:
2725:
2644:
2637:
2541:
2534:
2429:
2378:
2318:
2227:
2112:
2084:
2054:
2040:
2026:
1569:
1425:
1152:
1124:
981:
820:
739:
637:
618:
541:
533:
434:
402:
374:
336:
332:
310:
68:
30:
1449:
1410:
3084:
3059:
3039:
3029:
2813:
2673:
2555:
2548:
2408:
2368:
2278:
2267:
2247:
1980:
1950:
1942:
1935:
1662:
1080:
1068:
932:
891:
793:
779:
747:
570:
565:
549:
430:
314:
255:
222:
193:
965:
1524:
1441:
1402:
1236:
1188:
3064:
3008:
2779:
2658:
2622:
2599:
2592:
2562:
2511:
2453:
2392:
2298:
2288:
2091:
1958:
1589:
1565:
1494:
Haridy, Yara; Macdougall, Mark J.; Scott, Diane; Reisz, Robert R. (2016-12-01).
743:
721:
653:
302:
43:
3155:
413:. Historically referred to as the Fort Sill locality, the quarry has preserved
3089:
3079:
3034:
2876:
2585:
2527:
2446:
2358:
2348:
2338:
2077:
2033:
1996:
1868:
1855:
1814:
1693:
1144:
717:
705:
687:
parareptiles, and was originally described as the most basal parareptile from
578:
545:
422:
418:
414:
356:
88:
53:
1634:
1533:
1245:
1196:
672:
are the only fossilized postcranial elements, but they are poorly preserved.
475:
honors the McKinzie family, as the specimen was discovered by Mark McKinzie.
2865:
2577:
2490:
2003:
1895:
1496:"Ontogenetic Change in the Temporal Region of the Early Permian Parareptile
764:
and more derived taxa, which was resolved in the bayesian analysis to place
147:
93:
37:
1652:
1551:
1364:
1346:
1312:
1294:
1263:
771:
Cladogram from the bayesian analysis of Tsuji, Muller, & Reisz (2010):
1210:
MacDougall, Mark J.; LeBlanc, Aaron R. H.; Reisz, Robert R. (2014-05-07).
720:, are both considered to have been Laurasian in origin, and evidence from
3149:
3069:
2824:
2651:
2415:
2017:
1735:
1729:
755:
713:
696:
688:
617:
is open from below. The rear of the skull is not very long, with a broad
426:
410:
398:
382:
306:
167:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
3182:
3024:
2783:
2199:
2186:
2135:
2063:
1966:
1744:
1699:
1625:
936:
709:
649:
644:
is oriented forwards. What can be seen of the braincase indicates that
555:
The front edge of the orbit was thick due to an internal flange on the
537:
503:
340:
318:
289:
177:
98:
73:
1500:
and the
Implications for Closure of the Temporal Fenestra in Amniotes"
1480:
425:
cave system. The fissure fills have yielded many other well preserved
397:
is a well-preserved skull and lower jaw designated as OMNH 71306, the
2908:
2774:
1723:
633:
525:
468:
157:
3126:
1464:
401:
specimen. It was found at the Dolese
Brothers limestone quarry near
335:
fissure fills, and can be characterized from its high tooth count,
2308:
1331:"The oldest parareptile and the early diversification of reptiles"
482:
292:
3169:
2872:
1574:, first evidence of multiple denticulate coronoids in a reptile"
593:
present in various other parareptiles. The slit-like opening of
3130:
2970:
2184:
1853:
1716:
1666:
573:
bone, though more restricted than that of lanthanosuchoids and
569:. The upper edge of the orbit had a slight contribution by the
502:. The only smoothly textured bones of the skull roof were the
664:
is one of the few parareptiles to have preserved part of the
613:) have their opening fully surrounded by bone, while that of
490:
teeth in cross-section, showing loosely folded plicidentine
429:
fossils, including the most diverse assortment of
Permian
1123:
Linda A. Tsuji; Johannes Muller; Robert R. Reisz (2010).
524:
had teeth with plicidentine, a type of internally folded
1335:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
695:, parareptiles were hypothesized to have originated in
1605:"New information on the early Permian lanthanosuchoid
381:
suggests that early parareptile evolution occurred in
331:
is one of several parareptile taxa described from the
2748:
2722:
2696:
2670:
2610:
2508:
2464:
2426:
2389:
2374:
2364:
2354:
2344:
2334:
2324:
2314:
2304:
2294:
2284:
2274:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2212:
2109:
2051:
2014:
1977:
1916:
1901:
1891:
1881:
262:
3139:
3017:
2981:
2887:
2844:
2835:
2792:
2773:
2747:
2721:
2695:
2669:
2609:
2507:
2463:
2425:
2388:
2197:
2134:
2108:
2050:
2013:
1976:
1915:
1866:
1813:
1786:
1759:
1384:
and the
Phylogeny of the Nycteroleter Parareptiles"
668:, which was formed by tall, concave plates. A few
640:is very broad, while the transverse flange of the
1169:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1570:"The lower jaw of the Early Permian parareptile
1463:Mark J. MacDougall and Robert R. Reisz (2014).
1568:; Mark J. Macdougall; Robert R. Reisz (2018).
1678:
1378:Tsuji, L.A.; Müller, J.; Reisz, R.R. (2012).
8:
1283:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
3127:
2978:
2967:
2841:
2789:
2205:
2194:
2181:
1874:
1863:
1850:
1792:
1765:
1756:
1713:
1685:
1671:
1663:
540:(nostril holes), a trait also observed in
116:
20:
1642:
1624:
1578:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1541:
1523:
1469:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1354:
1302:
1253:
1235:
754:. In the parsimony analysis, it was in a
520:. Like several other basal parareptiles,
708:, the fact that the other two clades of
585:are both small and crescent-shaped. The
1096:
377:position as a basal procolophonomorph,
636:is obscured by overlapping bones. The
1424:MacDougall, M. J.; Reisz, R. (2012).
597:is proportionally similar to that of
7:
3260:Extinct animals of the United States
3255:Cisuralian reptiles of North America
1324:
1322:
1133:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
952:
925:
898:
869:
845:
813:
786:
774:
421:, ~289-286 Ma) fissure fills in an
1430:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1391:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
471:common to parareptile genera. The
14:
742:to position it more derived than
459:. The genus name combined Greek "
3111:
3110:
2952:
2945:
2939:
2167:
2162:
984:
964:
935:
908:
823:
796:
134:
1:
3265:Fossil taxa described in 2010
1609:based on computed tomography"
443:was named by paleontologists
1525:10.1371/journal.pone.0166819
1442:10.1080/02724634.2012.679757
1403:10.1080/02724634.2012.626004
1237:10.1371/journal.pone.0096559
1189:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.019
727:The original description of
691:. Before the description of
532:" amphibians. Although the
494:Based on the skull's large
393:The only known specimen of
3281:
3250:Prehistoric reptile genera
3106:
2977:
2966:
2937:
2208:
2193:
2180:
2160:
1877:
1862:
1849:
1795:
1768:
1755:
1712:
1590:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx085
1145:10.1080/14772010903461099
979:
957:
950:
930:
923:
903:
896:
874:
867:
850:
843:
818:
811:
791:
784:
528:which is most common in "
261:
254:
131:Scientific classification
129:
124:
115:
23:
16:Extinct genus of reptiles
1607:Feeserpeton oklahomensis
1127:Microleter mckinzieorum
441:Microleter mckinzieorum
324:Microleter mckinzieorum
267:Microleter mckinzieorum
1347:10.1098/rspb.2014.1912
1295:10.1098/rspb.2004.2748
491:
373:, which had a similar
3217:Paleobiology Database
1498:Delorhynchus cifellii
740:phylogenetic analyses
581:and particularly the
486:
349:temporal emargination
1067:, placing it as the
2982:Possible sauropsids
1516:2016PLoSO..1166819H
1289:(1547): 1541–1546.
1228:2014PLoSO...996559M
1181:2017PPP...475....1M
683:is one of the most
3055:Procolophonomorpha
2711:Ichthyosauromorpha
2700:Ichthyosauromorpha
2512:Drepanosauromorpha
2439:Acerosodontosaurus
1626:10.7717/peerj.7753
1341:(1801): 20141912.
1083:more derived than
839:Procolophonomorpha
670:cervical vertebrae
559:, akin to that of
492:
207:Procolophonomorpha
3232:
3231:
3204:Open Tree of Life
3133:Taxon identifiers
3124:
3123:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3045:Lanthanosuchoidea
2999:Protorothyrididae
2962:
2961:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2821:rhynchocephalians
2805:Lepidosauromorpha
2794:Lepidosauromorpha
2176:
2175:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1481:10.1111/zoj.12180
1060:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
906:Lanthanosuchoidea
733:maximum parsimony
300:procolophonomorph
281:
280:
250:
3272:
3225:
3224:
3212:
3211:
3199:
3198:
3186:
3185:
3173:
3172:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3128:
3114:
3113:
2979:
2968:
2957:
2956:
2949:
2943:
2857:Archosauromorpha
2846:Archosauromorpha
2842:
2790:
2750:
2724:
2698:
2672:
2612:
2510:
2468:Weigeltisauridae
2466:
2428:
2391:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2286:
2276:
2265:
2255:
2245:
2238:Cryptovaranoides
2235:
2225:
2214:
2206:
2195:
2182:
2171:
2166:
2111:
2053:
2016:
1979:
1920:Acleistorhinidae
1918:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1875:
1864:
1851:
1793:
1766:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1714:
1707:
1698:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1664:
1657:
1656:
1646:
1628:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1527:
1510:(12): e0166819.
1491:
1485:
1484:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1388:
1382:Emeroleter levis
1375:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1326:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1257:
1239:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1120:
1085:lanthanosuchoids
1079:, or as a basal
988:
968:
953:
939:
926:
912:
899:
870:
846:
827:
814:
800:
787:
775:
752:lanthanosuchoids
591:temporal opening
500:lanthanosuchoids
347:, and slit-like
264:
241:
234:
221:
205:
192:
139:
138:
120:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3220:
3215:
3207:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3176:
3168:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3135:
3125:
3120:
3094:
3013:
2973:
2958:
2951:
2919:
2883:
2831:
2777:
2769:
2743:
2717:
2691:
2665:
2614:Kuehneosauridae
2605:
2571:Megalancosaurus
2503:
2477:Coelurosauravus
2459:
2421:
2384:
2258:Elachistosuchus
2202:
2189:
2172:
2150:
2130:
2104:
2046:
2009:
1972:
1911:
1871:
1858:
1829:
1809:
1782:
1776:Tetrapodomorpha
1761:Tetrapodomorpha
1751:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1691:
1661:
1660:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1122:
1121:
1098:
1093:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
678:
611:lanthanosuchids
575:procolophonoids
481:
463:(small) with "-
453:Robert R. Reisz
449:Johannes Muller
407:Comanche County
391:
343:contact, short
317:and only known
305:which lived in
277:
270:
240:
232:
219:
203:
190:
133:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3278:
3276:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3213:
3200:
3187:
3174:
3161:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3075:Younginiformes
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2798:
2796:
2787:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2763:Thalattosauria
2756:
2754:
2752:Thalattosauria
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2730:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2678:
2676:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2567:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2521:Ancistronychus
2516:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2498:Weigeltisaurus
2494:
2487:
2480:
2472:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2434:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2362:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2292:
2282:
2272:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2231:
2221:
2209:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2099:Nanomilleretta
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1985:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1932:
1929:Acleistorhinus
1924:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1886:Australothyris
1878:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1803:Reptiliomorpha
1796:
1790:
1788:Reptiliomorpha
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1769:
1763:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1595:
1584:(3): 791–803.
1557:
1486:
1475:(3): 616–630.
1455:
1416:
1370:
1318:
1269:
1202:
1158:
1139:(2): 245–255.
1095:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1077:Australothyris
1073:Australothyris
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
994:
991:
990:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
961:Nyctiphruretus
956:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
929:
924:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
902:
897:
895:
887:
886:
883:
882:
873:
868:
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
854:Australothyris
849:
844:
842:
834:
833:
830:
829:
817:
812:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
790:
785:
783:
773:
768:more basally.
766:Australothyris
761:Australothyris
677:
676:Classification
674:
666:sclerotic ring
606:Australothyris
600:Nyctiphruretus
561:procolophonids
530:labyrinthodont
517:Lanthanosuchus
480:
477:
467:(murderer), a
445:Linda A. Tsuji
390:
387:
370:Australothyris
367:. Contrary to
279:
278:
271:
259:
258:
252:
251:
230:
226:
225:
217:
210:
209:
201:
197:
196:
188:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
125:Skull diagram
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3277:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Millerosauria
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:Recumbirostra
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Captorhinidae
2992:
2990:
2989:Araeoscelidia
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2900:Pantestudines
2897:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2889:Pantestudines
2886:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Archelosauria
2834:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2737:Sauropterygia
2734:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2726:Sauropterygia
2720:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2645:Kuehneosuchus
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:Kuehneosaurus
2635:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2542:Drepanosaurus
2539:
2537:
2536:
2535:Dolabrosaurus
2532:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2430:Tangasauridae
2424:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2379:Sphodrosaurus
2373:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2329:Maiothisavros
2323:
2321:
2320:
2319:Lanthanolania
2313:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2228:Claudiosaurus
2222:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2165:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2124:Procolophonia
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2113:Procolophonia
2107:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2085:Millerosaurus
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2055:Millerettidae
2049:
2043:
2042:
2041:Stereosternum
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2027:Brazilosaurus
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1222:(5): e96559.
1221:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1001:
993:
992:
989:
987:
983:
982:Procolophonia
977:
976:
973:
972:
969:
967:
963:
962:
955:
954:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
938:
934:
928:
927:
921:
920:
917:
916:
913:
911:
907:
901:
900:
893:
889:
888:
885:
884:
881:
880:
879:
872:
871:
865:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:
855:
848:
847:
840:
836:
835:
832:
831:
828:
826:
822:
821:Millerosauria
816:
815:
809:
808:
805:
804:
801:
799:
795:
789:
788:
781:
777:
776:
772:
769:
767:
763:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
675:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
623:supratemporal
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:
602:
601:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
512:quadratojugal
509:
505:
501:
497:
489:
485:
478:
476:
474:
473:specific name
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
436:
435:North America
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:Early Permian
412:
408:
404:
403:Richards Spur
400:
396:
388:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:
366:
365:quadratojugal
362:
358:
354:
351:edged by the
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:Richards Spur
330:
326:
325:
320:
316:
312:
311:Early Permian
308:
304:
301:
298:
294:
291:
287:
286:
275:
269:
268:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
239:
238:
231:
228:
227:
224:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
202:
199:
198:
195:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
123:
119:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
36:289–286
32:
31:Early Permian
26:
22:
19:
3245:Parareptiles
3140:
3085:Eolacertilia
3060:Ankyramorpha
3040:Parareptilia
3030:Captorhinida
2944:
2907:
2877:crocodilians
2864:
2814:Lepidosauria
2812:
2685:Choristodera
2674:Choristodera
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2628:
2621:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2556:Kyrgyzsaurus
2554:
2549:Hypuronector
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2414:
2409:Thadeosaurus
2407:
2400:
2377:
2369:Saurosternon
2367:
2357:
2347:
2337:
2327:
2317:
2307:
2297:
2287:
2279:Feralisaurus
2277:
2268:Eunotosaurus
2266:
2256:
2248:Dolerosaurus
2246:
2236:
2226:
2215:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:Bolosauridae
1965:
1957:
1951:Delorhynchus
1949:
1943:Colobomycter
1941:
1936:Carbonodraco
1934:
1927:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1740:
1734:Superclass:
1703:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1598:
1581:
1577:
1572:Delorhynchus
1571:
1560:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1489:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1397:(1): 45–67.
1394:
1390:
1381:
1380:"Anatomy of
1373:
1338:
1334:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1076:
1072:
1069:sister taxon
1064:
1062:
980:
959:
958:
933:Bolosauridae
931:
904:
892:Ankyramorpha
877:
876:
875:
852:
851:
819:
794:Mesosauridae
792:
780:Parareptilia
770:
765:
759:
744:millerettids
728:
726:
706:bolosaurians
700:
692:
680:
679:
661:
645:
632:Most of the
631:
627:postparietal
614:
604:
598:
594:
566:Colobomycter
564:
554:
542:millerettids
521:
515:
493:
487:
464:
460:
440:
439:
431:parareptiles
394:
392:
378:
375:phylogenetic
368:
328:
323:
322:
313:period. The
303:parareptiles
284:
283:
282:
273:
266:
265:
256:Type species
243:
236:
235:
223:Ankyramorpha
213:
194:Parareptilia
184:
24:
18:
3065:Neodiapsida
3009:Varanopidae
2866:Archosauria
2659:Rhabdopelix
2623:Icarosaurus
2600:Vallesaurus
2593:Unguinychus
2563:Longisquama
2454:Tangasaurus
2402:Galesphyrus
2393:Younginidae
2299:Kenyasaurus
2289:Heleosuchus
2217:Adelosaurus
2092:Milleropsis
2071:Heleophilus
1959:Feeserpeton
1566:Yara Haridy
1436:(5): 1018.
1081:ankyramorph
1075:, basal to
699:. However,
625:, solitary
587:postorbital
583:postfrontal
550:bolosaurids
546:pareiasaurs
479:Description
353:postorbital
345:postfrontal
309:during the
3239:Categories
3141:Microleter
3090:Euryapsida
3080:Avicephala
3035:Eureptilia
3018:Other taxa
2909:Testudines
2586:Skybalonyx
2528:Avicranium
2447:Hovasaurus
2359:Palaeagama
2349:Palacrodon
2339:Orovenator
2145:see below↓
2078:Milleretta
2034:Mesosaurus
2018:Mesosauria
1997:Bolosaurus
1906:Microleter
1869:Sauropsida
1856:Sauropsida
1824:see below↓
1815:Sauropsida
1704:sensu lato
1694:Sauropsida
1091:References
1065:Microleter
878:Microleter
729:Microleter
722:varanopids
718:eureptiles
701:Microleter
693:Microleter
681:Microleter
662:Microleter
654:surangular
646:Microleter
615:Microleter
595:Microleter
557:prefrontal
522:Microleter
488:Microleter
423:Ordovician
419:Artinskian
395:Microleter
379:Microleter
329:Microleter
285:Microleter
237:Microleter
25:Microleter
2906:Includes
2871:includes
2863:Includes
2825:squamates
2819:includes
2811:Includes
2630:Idiosaura
2578:Protoavis
2491:Rautiania
2004:Eudibamus
1896:Erpetonyx
1736:Tetrapoda
1722:Kingdom:
1635:2167-8359
1619:: e7753.
1534:1932-6203
1246:1932-6203
1197:0031-0182
1153:129529082
746:and less
714:synapsids
658:articular
642:pterygoid
508:squamosal
389:Discovery
361:squamosal
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
3170:47450487
3156:Q6839611
3150:Wikidata
3116:Category
3070:Eosuchia
3025:Anapsida
2972:See also
2784:Reptilia
2652:Pamelina
2484:Glaurung
2416:Youngina
2200:Diapsida
2187:Diapsida
2136:Diapsida
1730:Chordata
1728:Phylum:
1724:Animalia
1700:Reptilia
1653:31687269
1552:27907071
1504:PLOS ONE
1450:86218618
1411:55268829
1365:25589601
1313:15306328
1264:24804680
1216:PLOS ONE
1175:: 1–11.
756:polytomy
737:bayesian
710:amniotes
697:Gondwana
689:Laurasia
638:palatine
621:, small
619:parietal
534:lacrimal
427:tetrapod
411:Oklahoma
399:holotype
383:Laurasia
337:lacrimal
307:Oklahoma
178:Reptilia
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
3209:6149396
3196:1475139
3183:8438763
2914:turtles
2064:Broomia
1990:Belebey
1967:Karutia
1745:Amniota
1644:6825742
1543:5132164
1512:Bibcode
1356:4308993
1304:1691751
1255:4013015
1224:Bibcode
1177:Bibcode
894:
841:
782:
748:derived
650:dentary
571:frontal
526:dentine
504:maxilla
465:oleter"
461:mikros"
319:species
290:extinct
229:Genus:
200:Order:
174:Class:
105:↓
3222:204048
2775:Sauria
1651:
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1550:
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1301:
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1244:
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890:
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778:
660:bone.
634:palate
577:. The
548:, and
510:, and
496:orbits
469:suffix
451:, and
363:, and
341:narial
288:is an
276:, 2010
274:et al.
272:Tsuji
244:et al.
242:Tsuji
3191:IRMNG
2873:birds
2780:Crown
2309:Kudnu
1741:Clade
1613:PeerJ
1446:S2CID
1407:S2CID
1387:(PDF)
1149:S2CID
758:with
750:than
731:used
685:basal
579:jugal
538:nares
357:jugal
297:basal
293:genus
185:Clade
3178:GBIF
2898:see
2875:and
2855:see
2823:and
2803:see
2761:see
2735:see
2709:see
2683:see
2122:see
1801:see
1774:see
1649:PMID
1631:ISSN
1548:PMID
1530:ISSN
1361:PMID
1309:PMID
1260:PMID
1242:ISSN
1193:ISSN
735:and
716:and
609:and
563:and
457:2010
315:type
248:2010
214:Node
44:PreꞒ
3165:EoL
1639:PMC
1621:doi
1586:doi
1582:184
1538:PMC
1520:doi
1477:doi
1473:172
1438:doi
1399:doi
1351:PMC
1343:doi
1339:282
1299:PMC
1291:doi
1287:271
1250:PMC
1232:doi
1185:doi
1173:475
1141:doi
1071:of
455:in
433:in
405:in
321:is
295:of
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94:Pg
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79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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