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116:, the midwinter horn is held in the hands when played, rather than rested on the ground. It is traditionally held over water, supposedly for amplification although the shape of the curve and the angle at which the instrument is held make this ineffective. Approximately eight notes can be produced, but since they vary between instruments, midwinter horns are not played together.
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A midwinter horn is about 1.3 m (4 ft) long, although they vary in size and are said to have become longer in modern times. They are made from slightly curved tree trunks of, for example, alder (said to be the traditional material), birch, or willow, which are cut in half lengthwise,
109:, and the horn is played laterally. In the early twentieth century, wooden midwinter horns were replaced by sheet metal horns, made in sections to achieve the desired curve, but still with a wooden mouthpiece; the folklore revival displaced these modern instruments.
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hollowed out until the walls are about 1 cm (half an inch) thick, and then rejoined. The halves are either glued together, clamped at intervals with metal rings or automotive clamps, or, traditionally, bound with willow or bramble
101:, and traditionally the horn is dipped in water to seal cracks and then played wet; water is usually also poured down the instrument immediately before playing. A mouthpiece, usually made of
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154:(6 January). Many villages and town neighbourhoods in the border region have groups of midwinter horn players, who sound their instruments one after the other. The tradition in
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Playing midwinter horns is now practised as an announcement and celebration of
Christmas: the horns are sounded from the beginning of Advent (late November or early December) to
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in 1988. The region is a
Catholic enclave within overwhelmingly Protestant areas, and the horns may well have been blown to warn neighbouring farmers of danger; during the
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The playing of wooden horns at midwinter is an old tradition on either side of the Dutch-German border that has been revived in recent years in, for example, the
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depicting horn-blowing shepherds, and argued that the modern tradition was new folklore having more to do with regional identity than with the pagan past.
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The first recorded mention of the midwinter horn dates to 1815, but the tradition is generally thought to derive from
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in the Second World War, they were used to signal the approach of a patrol. However, the folklorist
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has been shown by excavations to date back a thousand years; the custom survived, on
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saw the midwinter horn as deriving not from
Germanic paganism but from medieval
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has been listed as a national heritage tradition of the
Netherlands on the
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season in areas of the
Netherlands and nearby parts of North Germany.
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proscribes the sounding of horns along with the playing of bells as
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wood, is added; this is cut at a slant, like that of the Celtic
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291:"Germanischer Brauch feiert in Niedersachsen eine Renaissance"
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heathen methods of warding off bad weather. The playing of
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custom, both to summon help and to repel evil spirits. The
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395:"Midwinterhoornblazen nationaal erkende volkscultuur"
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164:Nationale Inventaris Immaterieel Cultureel Erfgoed
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417:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
355:"Middewinterhörner rufen in Nordhorns City"
273:28 (April 1975), 71–80, doi 10.2307/841572.
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375:"Stichting Midwinterhoornblazen Twenthe"
335:"Middewinterhörner ertönen in Gildehaus"
267:"The Construction of the Midwinterhoorn"
313:"Dunkle Töne verkünden frohe Botschaft"
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215:German occupation of the Netherlands
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456:"Het ossenhoornblazen in Markelo"
135:Use and geographical distribution
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20:Playing a midwinter horn in the
296:Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung
123:Making a midwinter horn at the
88:Characteristics and manufacture
807:Christmas traditions in Europe
112:Unlike the similar but larger
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377:, retrieved 20 December 2016
431:, Berlin: De Gruyter, 1973,
125:Netherlands Open Air Museum
80:traditionally blown at the
41:and in various dialects of
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812:Natural horns and trumpets
414:K. Ranke, "Abwehrzauber",
271:The Galpin Society Journal
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359:Grafschafter Nachrichten
339:Grafschafter Nachrichten
318:Grafschafter Nachrichten
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147:in the Netherlands.
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507:at Wikimedia Commons
64:, also known as the
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473:"Brommen op de hei"
458:, 22 November 2016
401:, 28 November 2013
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76:horn), is a wooden
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361:, 5 December 2016
321:, 1 November 2012
289:Bernhard Remmers,
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141:County of Bentheim
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22:County of Bentheim
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399:Omroep Gelderland
341:, 5 January 2015
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46:Middewinterhorn
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771:Tube trumpet
756:Tibetan horn
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427:., volume 1
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393:Marco Loef,
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781:Waqra phuku
444:(in German)
363:(in German)
343:(in German)
323:(in German)
301:(in German)
167: [
70:adventshorn
66:dewertshorn
43:Low German
801:Categories
729:Roman tuba
658:Embouchure
641:Didgeridoo
483:(in Dutch)
460:(in Dutch)
441:p. 33
403:(in Dutch)
379:(in Dutch)
242:References
160:Overijssel
156:Gelderland
761:Tochacatl
719:Post horn
612:Hakgediya
587:Bukkehorn
199:Friesland
197:horns in
186:Indiculus
97:or split
82:Christmas
30:midwinter
776:Vuvuzela
766:Trembita
724:Ramsinga
592:Chazozra
546:trumpets
178:Germanic
152:Epiphany
734:Salpinx
714:Olifant
634:Swedish
629:Cowhorn
617:Horagai
602:Clarion
582:Buisine
567:Buccina
557:Alphorn
211:Markelo
114:alphorn
95:withies
751:Sringa
739:Shofar
682:Lituus
677:Karnay
672:Karnal
660:&
646:modern
597:Carnyx
572:Bucium
435:
145:Twente
129:Arnhem
107:carnyx
99:rushes
74:Advent
786:Wazza
709:Nyele
704:Nafir
622:Nagak
607:Conch
577:Bugle
425:et al
191:Saxon
171:]
103:elder
36:Dutch
34:, in
667:Erke
653:Dord
544:and
433:ISBN
205:and
181:Yule
158:and
68:and
60:and
32:horn
27:The
687:Lur
127:in
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386:^
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195:ox
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169:nl
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72:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
