504:"or the crime of larceny to property valued in excess of $ 100 … the court sentences you to two years confinement in the Wisconsin State Prison; for the offense of arson … the court sentences you to two years in the Wisconsin State Prison, the sentences to be served concurrently; for the offense of burglary … the court sentences you to four years in Wisconsin State prisons, but … the court stays execution of the sentences for burglary of four years just imposed and places you on probation … to commence after you have served the two-year concurrent terms for the charges on which you have been sentenced."
403:
this point, the police had arrived and began gently pushing the
Fourteen toward the patrol wagons. The protesters offered no resistance, nor did the police officers use much force or even seem to be in a hurry as they made their arrests. By 6:15, all the Fourteen were in the patrol wagons heading for the Milwaukee County Safety Building. By the time the police had hauled the group away, around one hundred Milwaukee bystanders bore witness to the action.
484:, decided to postpone the trial until 23 June, but a few hours later he re-set the starting date for 12 May. As a result, twelve members of the group were tried by the State of Wisconsin from 12 to 26 May 1969, charged with theft, arson, and burglary. They had decided to represent themselves. "This gave us greater leeway to express our views," explains Jim Forest. As
380:
as "very respectful." Files classified as 1-A and "other files that were in a drawer marked 'Delinquent' — people who were in trouble with the
Selective Service System"— were gathered and carried out of the building and across W. Wells Street to a grassy area (now known as Postman's Square) and piled at the foot of a flagpole dedicated to dead
412:
Vietnamese dead, crippled, the mentally maimed. Today we destroy
Selective Service System files because men need to be reminded that property is not sacred. Property belongs to the human scene only if man does. If anything tangible is sacred, it is the gift of life and flesh, flesh which is daily burned, made homeless, butchered ...
402:
By 6:04 p.m., firemen had extinguished the fire with some draft records still blowing in the wind. Cullen gave a short speech as the firemen raked the embers: "We love all of you who are putting out the fire. We have done this because we love
America. We believe America has done wrong in Vietnam." By
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Shortly before 6:00 on
Tuesday evening, 24 September 1968, the group entered the second floor offices where the draft boards were located in Milwaukee's Brumder Building. They encountered a cleaning woman from whom they took office keys. Later, at the trial she would describe their manner towards her
540:
dismissed the government charges against the twelve on grounds that 'prejudicial pre-trial publicity' caused by modern press media had made a fair trial impossible." Gray notes that this was not particularly good news for the defendants since, if a re-trial were to be held and a conviction obtained,
512:
defense had produced some fresh outcomes for the anti-war movement. "This first attempt at legal self-defense raised the political issues as no previous resistance trial had done. It had tortured the consciences of a few in power. The defendants had been let off lightly. The twelve could be paroled,
491:
The trial was presided over by Judge Larson. The jury consisted of "eight men, four women, one of them black, eight of them
Catholics." State prosecutors were Deputy District Attorney Allen Samson and Assistant D. A. Harold Jackson Jr. There were no defense attorneys since twelve members had chosen
411:
Our action concentrates on the
Selective Service System because its relation to murder is immediate. Men are drafted — or "volunteer" for fear of being drafted — as killers for the state. Their victims litter the planet. In Vietnam alone, where nearly 30,000 Americans have died, no one can count the
392:
The deed done, the
Fourteen gathered together in a supportive embrace and waited to be arrested, singing the Lord's Prayer and reading scripture as fire trucks wailed in the distance. As the records continued to burn, a few pedestrians stopped to observe. Others did a quick double take and kept on
516:
Two members of the group were not tried with "the Twelve", but they also were sentenced. Michael Cullen was an Irish citizen whose legal situation had been complicated by his immigrant status. He retained an attorney for his separate federal trial, was found guilty, and sentenced. Jerry
Gardner
356:
There were several cities that were being considered (New York City, where I lived, wasn't one of them) and two or three people appointed to see what the possibilities might be. When we met to hear the reports, it was clear that
Milwaukee was the best site; more people from our group came from
454:
Although the war was not necessarily popular among these white blue-collar voters, they despised the protests and protesters—whom they associated with civil rights marchers—even more. It was their sons who were being sacrificed in Vietnam, and they resented college kids, and now even Catholic
347:
each morning and a period of Bible study later in the day. In addition there were sessions at which we got to know each other, discuss our motives and backgrounds, and to make decisions about who would take part in the action, who would form a support team, and which of several cities being
397:, began asking people walking by for their response. An older man, hearing the prayers and seeing the clerical collars of the priests as they gathered around the burning draft records, muttered, "I bet they never read any scripture." One young man exclaimed hopefully, "Maybe they got mine."
387:
The group understood the importance of public attention to and awareness of their action. Through the Milwaukee Organizing Committee, an anti-war and anti-draft group, they had contacted the local media and, safeguarding the details of the action, led them by an indirect route to the site.
370:
The night before the event, the Milwaukee 14 gathered together and determined their roles for the burglary portion of the action. The afternoon of the event, the men walked side by side to the building that housed the nine different draft boards, with burlap bags to collect the
327:
house of hospitality. According to Forest, "On our second night at Casa Maria, Dan and I found ourselves drinking beer in a crowded kitchen in which several of those present, Michael among them, made clear they were eager to follow the Catonsville example."
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for the group was set at what was seen as an extraordinarily high $ 430,000 by Judge Christ Seraphim. Eventually this was reduced by another judge and, after a month in jail, the Fourteen were released on bail to await trial in May of the following year.
495:
On 26 May the jury was given instructions and sent out. They deliberated for seventy minutes and returned to find the defendants guilty on all counts of theft, arson, and burglary. They would remain free on bail until sentencing.
499:
At sentencing on 6 June, each member was given the same punishment of two years, with the possibility of parole after 14 months. The trial transcript for 6 June indicates that the sentences were given as follows:
357:
Milwaukee than any place else and there were nine draft boards side by side on the same floor of the same office building, with a convenient little park ideal for burning the draft records right across the street.
1853:
488:, who was present for the trial, observed, "Another purpose of the draft board raids is to turn American courtrooms into political forums on the illegality and the immorality of the Vietnam war."
463:, a prominent Milwaukee priest known for his civil rights work, stood up for the Fourteen. He helped to set up the Milwaukee Fourteen Defense Fund and on 1 October—together with comedian
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429:
Throughout the city there were many heated and negative responses to the destruction of draft files. The Milwaukee County Council unanimously condemned the act. A
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Support was found on local college campuses and among those who had recently worked for civil rights and fair housing practices in Milwaukee.
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467:—led a rally of 150 people who marched to the Milwaukee County Safety Building to sing and chant their support for the jailed activists.
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to consider who of those present might participate in another draft board action—and when it would take place. Forest describes it:
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soldiers. A car drove up from which canisters of napalm were taken; they were poured over the pile of burlap bags and set on fire.
435:
editorial called the protest "inexcusable hooliganism," and the paper published a cartoon that compared the Milwaukee Fourteen to
447:
332:
1696:"Milwaukee 14 Trial, May 12-26 & June 6 1969 AD: Extracts from Transcript with a Few Corrections & Some Description"
1274:"Milwaukee 14 Trial, May 12-26 & June 6 1969 AD: Extracts from Transcript with a Few Corrections & Some Description"
526:
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529:, facing charges of "destroying government property and interfering with the working of the Selective Service System"
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123:, gathered up about 10,000 files, carried them to an open public space, and set them on fire with homemade
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536:
of two and a half days in which he cross-examined 141 prospective jurors—mostly hostile to the defendants—
296:, the Milwaukee action was preceded by several similar protests. In February 1966 Barry Bondhus destroyed
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to defend themselves. Two of the accused—Michael Cullen and Jerry Gardner—had decided to retain counsel.
407:
In a statement released to the press, the Fourteen explained their reason for targeting the draft boards.
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and "timed their action to draw attention to the upcoming trial of the Catonsville Nine." Jim Forest and
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many months of punishment could have been added to their state sentences. But there was no re-trial.
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by pouring human excrement over them. In October 1967 four men poured blood on draft records at the
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after all, in a mere fourteen months. Movement lawyers began to write manuals for lay advocacy."
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16:
Fourteen peace activists who burned Selective Service records to protest the Vietnam War in 1968
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As a response to the violence of the war in Vietnam and its links to the injustices of
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1025:"Philip Berrigan, Former Priest and Peace Activist in the Vietnam War Era, Dies at 79"
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traveled to Milwaukee where they met with Michael Cullen and others at Casa Maria, a
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464:
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279:, 33, Catholic priest on the staff of Casa Maria House of Hospitality in Milwaukee
1058:"Jesuit priest among Catonsville Nine remembered for inspiring anti-war activism"
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priests, telling them that their sons had died or might die for an unjust cause.
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127:. The fourteen then remained at the site, singing and reading from the
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Fred Ojile, 23, draft counselor and church program organizer for the
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480:
On 5 May 1969 Judge Charles Larson, at the request of the Milwaukee
1753:"The Milwaukee Fourteen: A Burning Protest Against the Vietnam War"
1507:"The Milwaukee Fourteen: A Burning Protest Against the Vietnam War"
1488:"The Milwaukee Fourteen: A Burning Protest Against the Vietnam War"
1469:"The Milwaukee Fourteen: A Burning Protest Against the Vietnam War"
1450:"The Milwaukee Fourteen: A Burning Protest Against the Vietnam War"
1386:"The Milwaukee Fourteen: A Burning Protest Against the Vietnam War"
1367:"The Milwaukee Fourteen: A Burning Protest Against the Vietnam War"
1108:"The Milwaukee Fourteen: A Burning Protest Against the Vietnam War"
140:
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as Milwaukee firemen and police officers arrived. The subsequent
904:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Anthony Mullaney browse"
832:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Jon Higgenbotham browse"
422:
361:
The group agreed to come together in Milwaukee on September 22.
211:
James Harney, 28, Catholic priest, curate of a parish church in
976:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Larry Rosebaugh browse"
856:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Alfred Janicke browse"
712:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Robert Cunnane browse"
688:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Michael Cullen browse"
611:"Our Back Pages: When the Milwaukee 14 made a fiery statement"
558:"Our Back Pages: When the Milwaukee 14 made a fiery statement"
381:
952:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Basil O Leary browse"
760:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Jerry Gardner browse"
159:
List of the Fourteen (as described at the time of the action)
808:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/James Harney browse"
736:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/James Forest browse"
1854:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
928:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Fred Ogile browse"
880:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Doug Marvy browse"
664:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Don Cotton browse"
208:
and graduate student in sociology at Marquette University
784:"Nonviolent Cow : Milwaukee14Today/Bob Graf browse"
532:
Journalist Gray was present to report: "After a tedious
182:, co-director of the Packard Manse Ecumenical Center,
155:
were each found guilty of theft, arson, and burglary.
248:
priest, holds a Ph.D in psychology and has taught at
352:Forest explained the decision to act in Milwaukee,
77:
69:
51:
36:
26:
21:
315:The Milwaukee group was inspired by the action in
421:On the day after the action, 25 September, total
112:. On 24 September 1968, they entered Milwaukee's
1253:Milwaukee 14 Documentary (NHD State Competition)
525:On 9 June 1969 the twelve found themselves in a
393:walking. Michael Kirkhorn, a reporter from the
343:The gathering was shaped liked a retreat, with
143:of twelve of the protestors became the first
8:
446:The white working class base of the city's
171:Michael Cullen, 26, director of Casa Maria
237:Doug Marvy, 27, a resistance organizer in
18:
1555:"The Milwaukee 14: Action, Trial, Prison"
1425:"The Milwaukee 14: Action, Trial, Prison"
1303:"The Milwaukee 14: Action, Trial, Prison"
1227:"The Milwaukee 14: Action, Trial, Prison"
1202:"The Milwaukee 14: Action, Trial, Prison"
1152:"The Milwaukee 14: Action, Trial, Prison"
1127:"The Milwaukee 14: Action, Trial, Prison"
1083:"The Milwaukee 14: Action, Trial, Prison"
1799:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1969-09-25).
1770:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1969-09-25).
1722:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1969-09-25).
1665:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1969-09-25).
1636:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1969-09-25).
1607:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1969-09-25).
1578:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1969-09-25).
1524:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1969-09-25).
634:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1969-09-25).
581:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1969-09-25).
549:
508:Gray noted that the Milwaukee Twelve's
310:burned draft records in Catonsville, MD
308:. Then, on 17 May 1968 nine protestors
227:Alfred Janicke, Catholic priest of the
269:, head of the Economics department at
217:Jon Higgenbotham, 27, minister of the
331:In August 1968 a retreat was held at
7:
197:Jerry Gardner, 24, graduate student
151:. After a trial of eleven days, the
147:trial in which the defendants chose
538:Federal District Judge Myron Gordon
517:pleaded "guilty" and had no trial.
1177:"Looking back on the Milwaukee 14"
14:
1844:Conscription in the United States
1348:Federal Bureau of Investigation.
1326:Nonviolentworm (6 March 2009),
164:Don Cotton, 24, co-chairman of
1849:Criticism of the United States
1:
1859:Protests in the United States
1757:Wisconsin Magazine of History
1511:Wisconsin Magazine of History
1492:Wisconsin Magazine of History
1473:Wisconsin Magazine of History
1454:Wisconsin Magazine of History
1390:Wisconsin Magazine of History
1371:Wisconsin Magazine of History
1112:Wisconsin Magazine of History
443:and other fanatical groups.
265:Basil O' Leary, 48, Catholic
168:at St. Louis (Mo.) University
82:U.S. Selective Service System
1751:Thering, Tim (Winter 2017).
1505:Thering, Tim (Winter 2017).
1486:Thering, Tim (Winter 2017).
1467:Thering, Tim (Winter 2017).
1448:Thering, Tim (Winter 2017).
1384:Thering, Tim (Winter 2017).
1365:Thering, Tim (Winter 2017).
1106:Thering, Tim (Winter 2017).
1023:Lewis, Daniel (2002-12-07).
476:The State of Wisconsin Trial
348:considered should be chosen.
294:poverty in the United States
306:Baltimore City Custom House
1900:
1553:Forest, Jim (2018-10-16).
1423:Forest, Jim (2018-10-16).
1301:Forest, Jim (2018-10-16).
1225:Forest, Jim (2018-10-16).
1200:Forest, Jim (2018-10-16).
1175:Forest, Jim (2006-03-03).
1150:Forest, Jim (2018-10-16).
1125:Forest, Jim (2018-10-16).
1081:Forest, Jim (2018-10-16).
615:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
562:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
527:Federal District courtroom
1834:1968 in American politics
1004:www.selective-service.org
1000:"Selective Service Fight"
221:and a draft counselor in
193:Catholic Peace Fellowship
191:, 27, co-chairman of the
1879:Catholicism in Wisconsin
1864:Roman Catholic activists
1404:"Milwaukee 14 Statement"
486:Francine du Plessix Gray
262:Draft Information Center
204:Bob Graf, 25, editor of
149:to represent themselves
108:records to protest the
1801:"The Ultra-Resistance"
1772:"The Ultra-Resistance"
1724:"The Ultra-Resistance"
1667:"The Ultra-Resistance"
1638:"The Ultra-Resistance"
1609:"The Ultra-Resistance"
1580:"The Ultra-Resistance"
1526:"The Ultra-Resistance"
980:www.nonviolentworm.org
956:www.nonviolentworm.org
932:www.nonviolentworm.org
908:www.nonviolentworm.org
884:www.nonviolentworm.org
860:www.nonviolentworm.org
836:www.nonviolentworm.org
812:www.nonviolentworm.org
788:www.nonviolentworm.org
764:www.nonviolentworm.org
740:www.nonviolentworm.org
716:www.nonviolentworm.org
692:www.nonviolentworm.org
668:www.nonviolentworm.org
636:"The Ultra-Resistance"
583:"The Ultra-Resistance"
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244:Anthony Mullaney, 39,
86:U.S. Policy in Vietnam
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219:Church of Scientology
1703:Jim and Nancy Forest
1559:Jim and Nancy Forest
1429:Jim and Nancy Forest
1307:Jim and Nancy Forest
1281:Jim and Nancy Forest
1231:Jim and Nancy Forest
1206:Jim and Nancy Forest
1181:Jim and Nancy Forest
1156:Jim and Nancy Forest
1131:Jim and Nancy Forest
1087:Jim and Nancy Forest
302:Elk River, Minnesota
284:Prelude and planning
233:St. Paul-Minneapolis
206:The Catholic Radical
199:Marquette University
178:Robert Cunnane, 36,
173:House of Hospitality
45:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
1351:COINTELPRO New Left
417:Immediate Responses
37:Active regions
1884:Draft-card burning
1029:The New York Times
482:District Attorneys
337:Newton, New Jersey
271:St. Mary's College
250:St. Anselm College
241:and a Navy veteran
28:Dates of operation
22:Milwaukee Fourteen
1874:1968 in Wisconsin
1839:Anti-war protests
1250:Bennett Huffman,
521:The Federal Trial
439:, members of the
432:Milwaukee Journal
395:Milwaukee Journal
254:Boston University
106:Selective Service
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1062:baltimoresun.com
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461:Fr. James Groppi
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333:St. Paul's Abbey
213:No. Weymouth, MA
114:Brumder Building
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1056:Prudente, Tim.
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