38:
150:
products. In western Europe about 60% of the total white spirit consumption is used in paints, lacquers and varnishes. White spirit is the most widely used solvent in the paint industry. In households, white spirit is commonly used to clean paint brushes after use, to clean auto parts and tools, as a
728:
White spirit is used for regripping golf clubs. After the old grip is removed, the white spirit is poured into the new grip and shaken. After the white spirit is poured on, the new underlying tape and the new grip are slid on. After an hour of drying out, the new grip and club are ready to use.
253: 51632). Turpentine substitute can be used for general cleaning but is not recommended for paint thinning as it may adversely affect drying times due to the less volatile components; while it may be used for brush cleaning its heavier components may leave an oily residue.
238:
as a less flammable petroleum-based dry cleaning solvent than the petroleum solvents then in use. Dry cleaners began using the result of their work in 1928 and it soon became the predominant dry cleaning solvent in the United States, until the late 1950s.
802:-like odor. Chemical manufacturers have developed a low odor version of mineral turpentine which contains less of the highly volatile shorter hydrocarbons. Odorless mineral spirits is white spirit that has been further refined to remove the more toxic
913:
of its constituents, white spirit, although it is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms, is unlikely to present significant hazards to the environment. It should not however, be purposely poured down the sink or freshwater drain.
1208:
776:, and it has inferior solvent properties. Artists use white spirit as an alternative to turpentine since it is less flammable and less toxic. Because of interactions with pigments in
906:(CTE) among house painters. In severe cases CTE may lead to disability and personality changes. These effects in painters were first studied in the 1970s in the Nordic countries.
926:
918:
867:. It has a fairly low acute toxicity by inhalation of the vapour, dermal (touching the skin) and oral (ingestion) routes. However, acute exposure can lead to
245:
is generally not made to a standard and can have a wider range of components than products marketed as white spirit, which is made to a standard (in the UK,
235:
1291:
903:
1216:
851:, this is not advisable as typical grades of white spirit have a lower flash point than kerosene. It cannot be used as an alternative to
212:
In addition there is type 0, which is defined as distillation fraction with no further treatment, consisting predominantly of saturated C
890:
Continuous exposure to an average white spirit concentration of 240 mg/m (40 ppm) for more than 13 years can lead to chronic
813:(also referred to as silk-screening), white spirit is often used to clean and unclog screens after printing with oil-based textile and
933:(REL) of 350 mg/m over an 8-hour workday and 1800 mg/m over 15 minutes. At levels of 20,000 mg/m, Stoddard solvent is
391:
Type 1 white spirit is mainly used in most of Europe and
Stoddard solvent is used in the US, both of which correspond to each other.
1149:
871:
resulting in lack of coordination and slowed reactions. Exposure to very high concentrations in enclosed spaces can lead to general
868:
1102:
917:
People can be exposed to
Stoddard solvent in the workplace by breathing it in, swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact. The
780:, artists require a higher grade of white spirit than many industrial users, including the complete absence of residual sulfur.
1253:
1378:
1127:
31:
1089:
875:
effects (drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, etc.) and can eventually lead to unconsciousness. Oral ingestion presents a high
123:
1388:
1368:
1373:
1173:
930:
922:
1342:
1187:
772:
in other applications. Mineral turpentine is chemically very different from turpentine, which mainly consists of
708:
269:
787:, used to dissolve oils and grease in laundry stains, and as a popular remedy for eliminating the irritant oil
806:, and is recommended for applications such as oil painting, where humans have close contact with the solvent.
1144:. Sullivan, Thomas F. P., Bell, Christopher L. (21st ed.). Lanham, Md.: Government Institutes. 2011.
891:
661:
507:
925:) for Stoddard solvent exposure in the workplace as 500 ppm (2900 mg/m) over an 8-hour workday. The
1383:
155:
for charcoal grills, to remove adhesive residue from non-porous surfaces, and many other common tasks.
879:
hazard. Prolonged or repeated skin exposure over a long period of time can result in severe irritant
876:
187:
1236:
Dieter Stoye “Solvents” in
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry2002, Wiley-VCH, Wienheim.
629:
264:
721:
White spirit is commonly used for cutting fluid in ultraprecision lathes (commonly referred to as
1167:
894:
effects. Similar long-term studies have been made in which some of the observed effects included
884:
836:
829:
163:
100:
158:
The word "mineral" in "mineral spirits" or "mineral turpentine" is meant to distinguish it from
979:
Primarily in the United
Kingdom and Australia. In New Zealand "white spirit" can also refer to
1155:
1145:
1121:
159:
135:
1237:
835:
White spirits are a major ingredient in some popular automotive fuel/oil additives, such as
578:
457:
246:
910:
810:
769:
722:
544:
490:
197:
Each type comprises three grades: low flash grade, regular grade, and high flash grade (
848:
671:
561:
441:
152:
1362:
1347:
1338:
1047:
1013:
742:
645:
415:
191:
127:
81:
84:, or as a component thereof, though paint thinner is a broader category of solvent.
980:
959:
899:
777:
738:
527:
231:
93:
72:
in painting. There are also terms for specific kinds of white spirit, including
803:
784:
704:
474:
202:
119:
89:
17:
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1311:
880:
864:
792:
761:
700:
167:
104:
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814:
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206:
182:
Three different types and three different grades of white spirit exist. The
108:
65:
37:
872:
799:
788:
220:
hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 140–200 °C (284–392 °F).
946:
895:
825:
746:
612:
291:
147:
143:
139:
69:
773:
712:
171:
126:, as a cleaning solvent, as a degreasing solvent and as a solvent in
783:
White spirit was formerly an active ingredient in the laundry soap
190:(removal of sulfur) alone (type 1), solvent extraction (type 2) or
765:
209:
used as the starting material and the conditions of distillation.
131:
36:
1312:"CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Stoddard solvent"
934:
839:, as they are capable of dissolving varnish and sludge buildup.
847:
Although white spirit is used as an alternative to kerosene in
1090:"Annex 1 – Background document to RAC opinion on white spirit"
250:
314:
is a North
American term corresponding to white spirit type 1
435:
IBP+21 °C (70 °F), max. 220 °C (428 °F)
226:
is a specific mixture of hydrocarbons, typically over 65% C
166:
distilled from fermented biological material) or from true
41:
A 2-litre (3.5 imp pt) container of white spirit
1088:
European
Chemical Agency: Committee for Risk Assessment,
1188:"A Chronology of Historical Developments in Drycleaning"
1197:. State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners. 2007.
764:. It is commonly used as a paint thinner for oil-based
122:, white spirit is insoluble in water and is used as an
1292:"National Transportation Safety Board Incident Report"
902:
etc. White spirit is implicated in the development of
927:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
230:
or higher hydrocarbons, developed in 1924 by
Atlanta
855:, which is a much more volatile gasoline-like fuel.
186:
refers to whether the solvent has been subjected to
699:In industry, white spirit is used for cleaning and
817:inks. It is also used to thin inks used in making
1339:ICPS safety sheet White Spirit (Stoddard Solvent)
703:machine tools and parts, and in conjunction with
92:, and are recommended for applications such as
68:-derived clear liquid used as a common organic
1254:"Mineral Turpentine (Low Odour) Product Sheet"
795:. It was removed as a potential health risk.
919:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
798:White spirit has a characteristic unpleasant
8:
1354:CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
346:hydrodesulphurized heavy naphtha (petroleum)
330:medium aliphatic solvent naphtha (petroleum)
949:, a combination of aliphatic hydrocarbons C
395:White spirit types 1–3 physical properties
234:W. J. Stoddard and Lloyd E. Jackson of the
88:have been refined to remove the more toxic
27:Petroleum-derived clear, transparent liquid
1109:. Archived from the original on 2020-11-27
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
962:, a form of white gas used as a stove fuel
170:(distilled tree resin, composed mostly of
1020:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 1996
362:solvent-refined heavy naphtha (petroleum)
935:immediately dangerous to life and health
434:
393:
260:
1209:"Cleaning Up the Dry Cleaning Standard"
1000:
972:
236:Mellon Institute of Industrial Research
1165:
1119:
666:reaction with strong oxidizing agents
378:hydrotreated heavy naphtha (petroleum)
863:White spirit is mainly classed as an
7:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1350:– World Health Organization (1996)
824:White spirit is often used inside
545:Explosion limits (Flammable Range)
427:175–200 °C (347–392 °F)
205:). The grade is determined by the
80:. White spirit is often used as a
25:
1348:Environmental Health Criteria 187
869:central nervous system depression
424:145–174 °C (293–345 °F)
421:130–144 °C (266–291 °F)
921:(OSHA) has set the legal limit (
909:Owing to the volatility and low
898:, poor concentration, increased
768:and cleaning brushes, and as an
656:60–75 °C (140–167 °F)
752:White spirit is an inexpensive
653:60–75 °C (140–167 °F)
650:60–75 °C (140–167 °F)
1048:"White spirit (HSG 103, 1996)"
1014:"White spirit (EHC 187, 1996)"
493:kPa at 20 °C (68 °F)
485:> 55 °C (131 °F)
482:31–54 °C (88–129 °F)
86:Odorless mineral spirits (OMS)
1:
1092:, p. 5, adopted 10 June 2011.
479:21–30 °C (70–86 °F)
32:White spirit (disambiguation)
904:chronic toxic encephalopathy
598:cps, 25 °C (77 °F)
52:(US, Canada), also known as
756:-based replacement for the
78:solvent naphtha (petroleum)
1405:
1142:Environmental law handbook
931:recommended exposure limit
923:Permissible exposure limit
695:Degreasing and lubricating
615: % by weight in water
581:at 20 °C (68 °F)
539:230 °C (446 °F)
29:
1343:World Health Organization
1126:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
733:Solvent and paint thinner
665:
536:240 °C (464 °F)
533:240 °C (464 °F)
257:Chemical registry numbers
249:BS 245, in Germany,
1276:"The Prince of Guides".
1242:10.1002/14356007.a24_437
547: % by volume in air
48:(AU, UK and Ireland) or
826:liquid-filled compasses
460:15 °C (59 °F)
1172:: CS1 maint: others (
892:central nervous system
42:
1280:: 24. September 2004.
1195:drycleancoalition.org
243:Turpentine substitute
58:turpentine substitute
40:
1379:Hydrocarbon solvents
739:petroleum distillate
188:hydrodesulfurization
30:For other uses, see
1389:Commodity chemicals
1369:Household chemicals
630:Kauri-butanol value
432:Final boiling point
396:
387:Physical properties
375:white spirit type 3
359:white spirit type 2
343:white spirit type 1
327:white spirit type 0
164:alcoholic beverages
1374:Painting materials
1103:"STODDARD SOLVENT"
929:(NIOSH) has set a
885:contact dermatitis
837:Marvel Mystery Oil
804:aromatic compounds
737:White Spirit is a
513:-butyl acetate = 1
394:
136:wood preservatives
124:extraction solvent
90:aromatic compounds
54:mineral turpentine
43:
896:memory impairment
687:
686:
440:Average relative
384:
383:
160:distilled spirits
62:petroleum spirits
16:(Redirected from
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1219:on 18 March 2019
1215:. Archived from
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579:Refractive index
458:Relative density
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312:Stoddard solvent
308:Stoddard solvent
277:Descriptive name
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247:British Standard
224:Stoddard solvent
178:Types and grades
74:Stoddard solvent
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911:bioavailability
861:
849:portable stoves
845:
843:Portable stoves
811:screen printing
770:organic solvent
735:
723:diamond turning
697:
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491:Vapour pressure
409:T3: High flash
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50:mineral spirits
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1384:Dry cleaning
1319:. Retrieved
1315:
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1295:. Retrieved
1286:
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1260:. Retrieved
1248:
1232:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:the original
1213:www.nfpa.org
1212:
1203:
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1182:
1141:
1136:
1111:. Retrieved
1106:
1097:
1056:. Retrieved
1051:
1022:. Retrieved
1017:
981:Coleman fuel
975:
960:Coleman fuel
916:
908:
900:irritability
889:
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406:T2: Regular
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120:hydrocarbons
98:
94:oil painting
85:
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57:
56:(AU/NZ/ZA),
53:
49:
46:White spirit
45:
44:
1316:www.cdc.gov
785:Fels Naptha
725:machines).
705:cutting oil
530:temperature
475:Flash point
232:dry cleaner
203:flash point
1363:Categories
1321:2015-11-21
1297:2012-11-11
1262:2011-04-30
1223:2017-11-19
1113:2017-11-19
1107:hazard.com
1058:2017-11-19
1024:2017-11-19
995:References
881:dermatitis
877:aspiration
819:monoprints
793:poison ivy
778:oil paints
762:turpentine
741:used as a
701:degreasing
662:Reactivity
613:Solubility
607:0.74–1.65
590:1.41–1.44
508:Volatility
369:64742-48-9
353:64741-92-0
337:64742-82-1
321:64742-88-7
201:refers to
194:(type 3).
168:turpentine
105:open-chain
1168:cite book
1160:757405855
985:white gas
967:Footnotes
853:white gas
815:plastisol
758:vegetable
754:petroleum
745:and mild
716:lubricant
624:< 0.1
604:0.74–1.65
601:0.74–1.65
596:Viscosity
587:1.41–1.44
584:1.41–1.44
400:Property
372:265-150-3
356:265-095-5
340:265-185-4
324:265-191-7
305:232-489-3
302:8052-41-3
288:232-443-2
285:8030-30-6
207:crude oil
144:varnishes
109:alicyclic
101:aliphatic
66:petroleum
1122:cite web
941:See also
873:narcotic
865:irritant
859:Toxicity
800:kerosene
789:urushiol
621:< 0.1
618:< 0.1
414:Initial
140:lacquers
128:aerosols
947:Naphtha
760:-based
747:solvent
713:reaming
553:0.6–6.5
550:0.6–6.5
292:Naphtha
148:asphalt
70:solvent
64:, is a
1158:
1148:
1054:. 1996
830:gauges
774:pinene
640:29–33
573:4.5–5
556:0.6–8
469:0.795
270:EINECS
172:pinene
146:, and
132:paints
60:, and
1257:(PDF)
1191:(PDF)
766:paint
707:as a
680:0.5–6
637:29–33
634:29–33
570:4.5–5
567:4.5–5
564:air=1
522:0.04
466:0.780
463:0.765
418:(IBP)
199:flash
1174:link
1156:OCLC
1146:ISBN
1128:link
828:and
711:and
674:mg/m
519:0.15
516:0.47
502:0.1
452:160
280:Ref
274:Name
216:to C
184:type
115:to C
76:and
1238:doi
809:In
791:in
690:Use
499:0.6
496:1.4
449:150
446:140
265:CAS
251:DIN
174:).
107:or
1365::
1341:–
1314:.
1211:.
1193:.
1170:}}
1166:{{
1154:.
1124:}}
1120:{{
1105:.
1067:^
1050:.
1033:^
1016:.
1003:^
987:).
955:12
953:–C
937:.
887:.
832:.
821:.
749:.
718:.
683:4
228:10
218:12
142:,
138:,
134:,
130:,
117:12
103:,
96:.
1324:.
1300:.
1265:.
1240::
1226:.
1176:)
1162:.
1130:)
1116:.
1061:.
1027:.
983:(
951:5
677:—
511:n
214:9
162:(
113:7
111:C
34:.
20:)
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