287:
309:, was hit in the side of the head by a .58 caliber Minié ball, which shattered his skull and lodged in the right hemisphere of the brain. He went into convulsions and became paralyzed on one side of his body, but started recovering within eight days of being hospitalized. However, within three more days, his condition deteriorated and he eventually lost consciousness and died, having survived with his wound for 16 days. An autopsy of the soldier found that the right hemisphere of the brain was extensively damaged and large areas of it had necrosed. The brain was removed, preserved in formaldehyde and donated to the Army Museum in Washington. The primary cause of death had been infection caused by both the initial injury and subsequent necrosis of brain tissue.
283:, and easily penetrated the human body. Round balls tended to remain lodged in the flesh, and they were often observed to take a winding path through the body. Flexed muscles and tendons, as well as bone, could cause the round ball to deviate from a straight path. The Minié ball tended to cut a straight path and usually went all the way through the injured part; the ball seldom remained lodged in the body. If a Minié ball struck a bone, it usually shattered it. The damage to bones and resulting compound fractures were usually severe enough to necessitate amputation. A hit on a major blood vessel could also have serious and often lethal consequences.
243:, developed a major improvement on Minié's design when he added a deep conical cavity at the base of the ball, which more efficiently filled up with gas and expanded the bullet's skirt upon firing. A higher percentage of the explosive force went toward forward projectile motion and lesser percentage toward fitting into the rifling. Burton's modified Minie ball had decreased mass and increased speed, resulting in increased energy and better range, as well as a cheaper bullet, which was used in the Crimean War and then the American Civil War. Burton's version of the ball weighed 1.14 ounces.
810:
272:
824:
43:
817:
803:
725:
31:
263:, which packed the charge and filled the hollow base with powder. When the rifle was fired, the exploding gas in the base of the bullet expanded the skirt to engage the rifling, providing spin for accuracy, a better seal for consistent velocity and longer range, and easier cleaning of barrel detritus.
231:
musket as a mass battlefield weapon. Delvigne had invented a ball that could expand upon ramming to fit the grooves of a rifle in 1826. The cylindro-conoidal ball design had been proposed in 1832 by
Captain John Norton, but had not been adopted.
1280:
713:
279:
Wounds inflicted by the conical Minié ball were different from those caused by the round balls from smoothbore muskets, since the conical ball had a higher muzzle velocity and greater
1255:
1240:
706:
286:
699:
1363:
1945:
1930:
1920:
1869:
1864:
1849:
1201:
1144:
290:
Private Milton E. Wallen of
Company C, 1st Kentucky Cavalry, wounded by a Minié ball, while in prison at Richmond, July 4, 1863, being treated for
157:. The development of the Minié ball was significant because it was the first projectile type that could be made with a loose enough fit to easily
1659:
1619:
1192:
426:
1139:
1119:
691:
2117:
1508:
1483:
1428:
1134:
599:
A manual of military surgery, for the use of surgeons in the
Confederate States army; with explanatory plates of all useful operations
653:
522:
489:
466:
809:
512:
1358:
1338:
1250:
363:
1743:
1298:
1260:
1232:
994:
2008:
1528:
1270:
1086:
949:
823:
2122:
1639:
1003:
1950:
1807:
457:
196:. Minié designed the bullet with a small iron plug, and lead skirting that would expand under the pressure of gunpowder
1313:
297:
One of the more infamous documented cases involving Minié ball injuries concerned a
Confederate soldier wounded during
858:
99:, where it was found to inflict significantly more serious wounds than earlier round musket balls. Both the American
1955:
1789:
1124:
985:
931:
479:
77:
816:
306:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1877:
1423:
1383:
1185:
976:
1940:
1935:
1553:
1245:
178:
802:
271:
389:
255:, with the gunpowder poured down the barrel and the unexpanded bullet pushed down after it passed the muzzle
1887:
1738:
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1518:
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42:
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216:
100:
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1523:
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240:
104:
58:
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1403:
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906:
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338:
154:
122:
1812:
1802:
1533:
1503:
1441:
1217:
1040:
452:
193:
182:
107:
rifled muskets, the most common weapons used during the
American Civil War, used the Minié ball.
96:
73:
767:
748:
1970:
1649:
1644:
1634:
649:
578:
518:
485:
462:
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323:
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1784:
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757:
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568:
560:
302:
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1965:
1841:
1748:
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1709:
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1114:
896:
252:
236:
205:
126:
46:
886:
2086:
2046:
1854:
1609:
1604:
1456:
1451:
1436:
1398:
1275:
876:
762:
646:
The Bloody
Crucible of Courage, Fighting Methods and Combat Experience of the Civil War
573:
548:
547:
Manring, M. M.; Hawk, Alan; Calhoun, Jason H.; Andersen, Romney C. (14 February 2009).
158:
81:
1615:
Sharps M1848, M1850, M1851, M1852, M1853, M1855, M1859, M1863, M1865 carbine and rifle
2106:
2056:
2051:
1907:
1689:
1624:
1488:
1323:
1265:
1209:
848:
88:
1170:
663:
1998:
1993:
1983:
1822:
1614:
1575:
1570:
1373:
881:
843:
597:
348:
343:
227:, an innovation that brought about the widespread use of the rifle rather than the
220:
197:
85:
54:
1797:
1776:
1328:
1227:
1129:
1071:
1025:
853:
835:
414:
298:
212:
92:
2022:
2003:
1761:
1595:
1318:
1017:
926:
735:
564:
353:
328:
228:
201:
166:
134:
118:
114:
436:
2066:
2041:
2036:
1988:
1978:
1832:
1728:
1368:
1055:
772:
333:
186:
146:
1921:
James 24-pounder M1839, 32-pounder M1829 and 42-pounder M1841 rifled cannon
582:
153:
a rifled bore after a relatively small number of shots, requiring frequent
1946:
Parrott 30-pounder, 100-pounder, 200-pounder and 300-pounder rifled cannon
17:
1096:
1045:
291:
162:
130:
35:
30:
1475:
1222:
941:
358:
318:
256:
190:
150:
110:
50:
34:
Various types of Minié balls. The four on the right are provided with
2091:
1916:(also known as James 6-pounder M1861 or 3.8-inch M1861 rifled cannon)
1471:
868:
260:
142:
138:
208:
by creating a good bullet-to-bore seal with minimal pressure loss.
285:
270:
224:
280:
1174:
695:
259:
and any detritus from prior shots. It was then rammed with the
619:"Tenacity of human life as seen in cases of gunshot injuries"
91:. It was invented in 1846 and came to prominence during the
481:
The
Complete Black Powder Handbook: The Latest Guns and Gear
1571:
Joslyn M1855, M1861, M1862, M1864, M1865 carbine and rifle
514:
Of Arms and Men: A History of War, Weapons, and
Aggression
211:
A precursor to the Minié ball was created in the 1830s by
133:
of the gun. Before the introduction of the Minié ball,
275:
Gunshot
Fracture of the Left Femur by Minié ball, 1863
27:
Type of conical projectile for mid 19th century rifles
1850:
8-inch M1841, 10-inch M1841 and 13-inch M1861 mortar
2021:
1964:
1863:
1840:
1831:
1775:
1718:
1470:
1289:
1208:
1105:
1064:
1016:
940:
867:
834:
734:
305:, on July 12, 1864. The soldier, a private in the
165:, yet maintain good accuracy during firing due to
1056:8 mm Lebel smokeless powder cartridge (1886)
251:The Minié ball could be quickly removed from the
1630:Spencer M1860, M1865 repeating carbine and rifle
484:(5th ed.). Gun Digest Books. p. 144.
204:, and grip the rifling grooves. This maximized
1087:Du Temple high-circulation steam engine (1876)
549:"Treatment of War Wounds: A Historical Review"
169:by expansion of the bullet's base when fired.
1186:
707:
682:Weaponry: The Rifle-Musket and the Minié Ball
8:
1304:Allen & Thurber M1837 revolver pepperbox
1256:M1850 army staff & field officer's sword
854:Mitrailleuse Gatling modèle APX 1895 (1895)
517:. Oxford University Press US. p. 191.
448:
446:
1837:
1369:Deringer M1825 Philadelphia caplock pistol
1241:M1840 army noncommissioned officer's sword
1193:
1179:
1171:
714:
700:
692:
553:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
419:The American Civil War: a military history
113:, the addition of spiral grooves inside a
1457:Wesson and Leavitt M1850 Dragoon revolver
1414:Remington M1860 Elliot revolver pepperbox
572:
542:
540:
1145:French weapons in the American Civil War
1031:Pauly-Prélat integrated cartridge (1808)
602:. Columbia: Evans and Cogswell. p.
458:Battle Cry of Freedon: The Civil War Era
409:
407:
405:
403:
41:
29:
1319:Butterfield M1855 transitional revolver
1092:Krebs naval electric gyrocompass (1880)
380:
219:. Their design was made to allow rapid
38:ball grooves for aerodynamic stability.
1941:Parrott 20-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1936:Parrott 10-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1893:12-pounder M1857 Napoleon field cannon
1790:Billinghurst Requa Battery volley gun
1509:Colt M1855 revolver carbine and rifle
859:Mle 1897 Hotchkiss Machine gun (1897)
7:
1913:James 14-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1379:Harpers Ferry M1836 and M1842 pistol
1281:USMC noncommissioned officer's sword
1926:Ordnance 3-inch M1861 rifled cannon
1429:Smith & Wesson Model No. 2 Army
1309:Allen & Wheelock M1861 revolver
617:Leavitt, T. L. (2 September 1865).
2009:Whitworth 70-pounder rifled cannon
1956:Whitworth 12-pounder rifled cannon
1888:12-pounder M1841 mountain howitzer
1620:Sharps & Hankins M1862 carbine
1504:Charleville M1816 and M1822 musket
1374:Elgin M1838 cutlass caplock pistol
1135:Second Italian War of Independence
729:French weapons of the 19th century
390:"Small but Deadly: The Minié Ball"
141:down the barrel, sometimes with a
117:, imparts a stabilizing spin to a
25:
1433:Spiller & Burr M1861 revolver
1202:Weapons of the American Civil War
1077:Marié-Davy naval periscope (1854)
849:Hotchkiss "Canon-Revolver" (1872)
1419:Savage-North M1861 Navy revolver
1097:Smokeless powder Poudre B (1886)
1082:De Bange breech obturator (1872)
822:
815:
808:
801:
723:
364:Tubes and primers for ammunition
1931:Ordnance 4.5-inch rifled cannon
1685:Springfield M1863 rifled musket
1680:Springfield M1861 rifled musket
1675:Springfield M1855 rifled musket
1494:Brunswick P1836 and P1841 rifle
1447:Volcanic M1855 repeating pistol
1072:Lepage percussion system (1807)
648:. Carroll and Graf Publishers.
461:Oxford University Press. p.474
49:'s 1855 Minié ball design (.58
1855:Coehorn 5.82-inch M1841 mortar
1705:Wesson M1859 carbine and rifle
1700:Volcanic M1855 repeating rifle
1437:Starr M1858 and M1863 revolver
511:O'Connelll, Robert L. (1990).
1:
1314:Beaumont–Adams M1862 revolver
1140:French Intervention in Mexico
977:Mechanical powered submarine
623:Medical and Surgical Reporter
421:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
1878:6-pounder M1841 field cannon
1798:Gatling I and II machine gun
1610:Richmond M1861 rifled musket
1324:Colt M1836 Paterson revolver
1120:French Intervention in Spain
1036:Prélat percussion cap (1818)
307:53rd North Carolina Infantry
161:down the barrel of a rifled
1670:Springfield M1847 musketoon
1559:Henry M1860 repeating rifle
1524:Enfield P1853 rifled musket
1519:Deringer M1817 Common rifle
1514:Deringer M1814 Common rifle
1334:Colt M1848 Dragoon revolver
1261:M1852 naval officer's sword
1251:M1840 light artillery saber
1041:Lefaucheux cartridge (1836)
912:Lahitolle 95 mm (1873)
388:Shoop, Isaac (2019-04-30).
2139:
2118:American Civil War weapons
1576:Lorenz M1854 rifled musket
1424:Smith & Wesson Model 1
1359:Colt M1862 Police revolver
1339:Colt M1849 Pocket revolver
1329:Colt M1847 Walker revolver
1233:M1832 foot artillery sword
1125:French conquest of Algeria
1026:Lepage fulminate (1807–10)
959:Ironclad floating battery
892:Canon obusier de 12 (1853)
844:Reffye mitrailleuse (1866)
684:- Allan W. Howey, for the
1903:32-pounder M1844 howitzer
1898:24-pounder M1841 howitzer
1883:12-pounder M1841 howitzer
1394:Lefaucheux M1858 revolver
1389:Lefaucheux M1854 revolver
1271:M1860 light cavalry saber
794:
758:Lefaucheux M1858 revolver
565:10.1007/s11999-009-0738-5
125:, greatly increasing the
80:, inventor of the French
1979:Bomford Columbiad cannon
1665:Springfield M1842 musket
1660:Springfield M1840 musket
1655:Springfield M1835 musket
1650:Springfield M1822 musket
1645:Springfield M1816 musket
1640:Springfield M1812 musket
1635:Springfield M1795 musket
1554:Harper Ferry M1803 rifle
1549:Hall-North M1843 carbine
1534:Fayetteville M1862 rifle
1409:Remington M1858 revolver
1364:Colt Root M1855 revolver
1354:Colt M1861 Navy revolver
1349:Colt M1860 Army revolver
1344:Colt M1851 Navy revolver
927:Canet 320 mm (1880)
644:Brent Nosworthy (2003).
596:Chisolm, Julian (1864).
215:captains Montgomery and
179:cylindro-conoidal bullet
2004:Rodman Columbiad cannon
1739:Double-barreled shotgun
1591:Mississippi M1841 rifle
1529:Enfield P1861 musketoon
394:The Gettysburg Compiler
1539:Gallager M1861 carbine
1499:Burnside M1855 carbine
1462:Whitney M1857 revolver
1442:Tranter M1856 revolver
897:La Hitte system (1858)
773:Chassepot rifle (1866)
768:Tabatière rifle (1864)
294:
276:
217:Henri-Gustave Delvigne
200:causing the bullet to
189:on its exterior and a
101:Springfield Model 1861
61:
39:
1908:Blakely rifled cannon
1818:Vandenberg volley gun
1710:Whitworth P1857 rifle
1695:Tarpley M1863 carbine
1586:Merrill M1858 carbine
1581:Maynard M1851 carbine
1484:Augustin M1842 musket
1004:Electrical submarine
922:de Bange 90 mm (1877)
917:de Bange 80 mm (1877)
877:Year XI system (1803)
744:Delvigne rifle (1826)
664:"The lead minie ball"
289:
274:
194:concavity in its base
45:
33:
2123:Causes of amputation
1984:Brooke rifled cannon
1951:Pate revolver cannon
1823:Williams machine gun
1808:Pate revolver cannon
1744:Hale rocket launcher
1605:Potzdam M1831 musket
1452:Walch M1859 revolver
1404:Moore M1864 revolver
1399:LeMat M1856 revolver
1299:Adams M1851 revolver
1046:Tamisier ball (1841)
788:Modèle 1892 revolver
668:CivilWar@Smithsonian
478:Fadala, Sam (2006).
241:Harpers Ferry Armory
239:, an armorer at the
177:The Minié ball is a
105:Pattern 1853 Enfield
78:Claude-Étienne Minié
59:Harpers Ferry Armory
2072:Maynard tape primer
1794:Claxton machine gun
1690:Starr M1858 carbine
1625:Smith M1857 carbine
1489:Ballard M1861 rifle
1384:Kerr M1855 revolver
1246:M1840 cavalry saber
1237:M1833 dragoon saber
1150:Franco-Prussian War
907:Reffye 75 mm (1873)
902:Reffye 85 mm (1870)
887:Valée system (1828)
882:Paixhans gun (1823)
453:McPherson, James M.
339:Internal ballistics
155:cleaning of the gun
123:external ballistics
74:hollow-based bullet
1813:Ripley machine gun
1803:Gorgas machine gun
1777:Rapid fire weapons
1218:Arkansas toothpick
932:Canon de 75 (1897)
783:Lebel rifle (1886)
763:Minié rifle (1849)
295:
277:
97:American Civil War
62:
40:
2100:
2099:
2017:
2016:
1971:Coastal artillery
1917:
1168:
1167:
1051:Minié ball (1847)
995:Armoured cruiser
986:Steel battleship
950:Steam battleship
778:Gras rifle (1874)
428:978-0-307-26343-8
324:Caplock mechanism
16:(Redirected from
2130:
1989:Carronade cannon
1915:
1838:
1785:Ager machine gun
1767:Winans Steam Gun
1596:P1839 and P1842
1544:Hall M1819 rifle
1195:
1188:
1181:
1172:
826:
819:
812:
805:
728:
727:
726:
716:
709:
702:
693:
671:
659:
631:
630:
614:
608:
607:
593:
587:
586:
576:
559:(8): 2168–2191.
544:
535:
534:
532:
531:
508:
502:
501:
499:
498:
475:
469:
450:
441:
440:
411:
398:
397:
385:
303:Washington, D.C.
103:and the British
21:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2082:Paper cartridge
2062:Friction primer
2029:
2013:
1999:Paixhans cannon
1994:Dahlgren cannon
1969:
1960:
1870:Siege artillery
1868:
1859:
1827:
1771:
1749:Ketchum Grenade
1734:Congreve rocket
1714:
1466:
1285:
1204:
1199:
1169:
1164:
1160:Sino-French War
1155:Tonkin Campaign
1115:Napoleonic Wars
1107:
1101:
1060:
1012:
936:
863:
830:
829:
792:
751:Carabine à tige
730:
724:
722:
720:
686:Civil War Times
678:
662:
656:
643:
640:
635:
634:
616:
615:
611:
595:
594:
590:
546:
545:
538:
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525:
510:
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496:
494:
492:
477:
476:
472:
451:
444:
429:
413:
412:
401:
387:
386:
382:
377:
372:
315:
269:
253:paper cartridge
249:
237:James H. Burton
206:muzzle velocity
175:
127:effective range
72:, is a type of
47:James H. Burton
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2136:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2087:Percussion cap
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:.56-56 Spencer
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
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1874:
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1861:
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1857:
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1846:
1844:
1835:
1829:
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1820:
1815:
1810:
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1795:
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1787:
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1769:
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1759:
1757:Rains landmine
1754:
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1741:
1736:
1731:
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1713:
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1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
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1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
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1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
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1283:
1278:
1276:Mameluke sword
1273:
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393:
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349:Nessler ball
344:Muzzleloader
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69:
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1106:Operational
301:'s raid on
299:Jubal Early
213:French Army
121:for better
93:Crimean War
82:Minié rifle
57:) from the
2107:Categories
2077:Minié ball
2027:cartridges
2023:Ammunition
1598:Brown Bess
1018:Ammunition
988:Redoutable
749:Thouvenin
736:Small arms
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370:References
354:Projectile
329:Gun barrel
229:smoothbore
187:cannelures
167:obturation
145:, because
137:had to be
119:projectile
115:gun barrel
70:Minie ball
66:Minié ball
18:Minie ball
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968:Ironclad
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334:Gunpowder
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1291:Sidearms
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688:magazine
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417:(2009).
313:See also
292:gangrene
235:Captain
202:obturate
185:-filled
163:long gun
131:accuracy
95:and the
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1476:muskets
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1065:Systems
1006:Gymnote
869:Cannons
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455:(1988)
359:Rifling
319:Cap gun
267:Effects
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191:conical
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111:Rifling
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53:, 500
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1865:Field
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375:Notes
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68:, or
1474:and
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281:mass
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64:The
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247:Use
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