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222:, and regulates all mining operations, which are government owned. Despite the public ownership of all mines in Tunisia, private operation of the mines is promoted by the National Office of Mines. When a mining operation is started, it is granted a five-year reprieve on taxation, followed by a 25% taxation on profits.
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Tunisia is the fifth largest exporter of phosphates in the world. Extraction of phosphate is the most important mining sector in the country, boosting the economy through exports by some 45%. The mineral sector as a whole contributes to 3% of the GDP. Iron ore is extracted at the underground mine at
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is legislated by the
Tunisian Mining Code (law No. 2003–30 of April 28, 2003). Laws on fuel minerals are the Hydrocarbons Code (law No. 99–93 of August 17, 1999) and its supplement (law No. 2002–23 of February 2002). The government of Tunisia develops geological and geophysical maps through the
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There are in
Tunisia two lead mines, slightly argentiferous, at Jeba and at Jeladja. Some beds of iron are at Gebel Zerissa and in several other mountains lying along the frontiers of Algeria. Most of the mines are situated in the northwest part of the regency. Marine salt is taken from several
108:
sebkas or shallow salt lakes, where it is embedded on the surface in large quantities. Gebel Hadifa contains a considerable mine of rock salt. Plaster and lime are extracted on a large scale in the central and southern provinces, and soda is furnished, especially by the district of
Cairwan."
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Mining in
Central Tunisia and the north–south axis area, covering an area of 43,000 square kilometres (17,000 sq mi), is not fully developed, but iron ore is being extracted to a considerable degree. In the northeast of central Tunisia, extraction of
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By 1962, mining labor unions accounted for 11% of organized labor (second only to government employees). Jobs in mining began decreasing in
Tunisia during the 1970s, as operations transitioned from underground mining to open-pit mining. Following the 2010
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Production of phosphate rock and phosphate fertilizers are likely to increase with the commissioning of the
Celamin and the TIFERT projects. Cement export is expected to get a boost with exports to
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Mining has been practiced in the country since the times of the Berber, Roman, Arab, and French empires. In 1890, many areas were discovered for mining extractions.
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was deposed, mining in
Tunisia declined. This was followed by nationwide labour disputes and strikes. Opposition to the hiring practices at the mines of the
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resulted in a protest at the operations lasting over six months. In 2011, further protests continued for more than three years at the mines in
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mining began in 1892, iron ore mining in 1906, and phosphate mining in 1996.
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461:(Public domain ed.). Providence Press Company, Printers. p.
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342:"Tunisian Discontent Reflected in Protests That Have Idled Mines"
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99:(1869), he discusses mining during late
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377:"The Mineral Industry of Tunisia"
323:Labor Law and Practice in Tunisia
138:Compagnie des phosphates de Gafsa
835:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
605:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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299:. Cambridge Press. p. 112.
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427:"Mining in Tunisia – Overview"
340:Gall, Carlotta (13 May 2014).
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181:and also at the open-pits of
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262:. Office national des Mines
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404:. National Office of Mines
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191:Société du Djebel Djerissa
34:mining industry of Tunisia
320:Carter, Florence (1965).
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220:National Office of Mines
293:Thomas, Martin (2012).
134:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
44:, industrial minerals (
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95:In Parry's
68:, although
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882:(Portugal)
840:Somaliland
760:Seychelles
725:Mozambique
710:Mauritania
695:Madagascar
650:The Gambia
585:Cape Verde
281:Perry 1869
244:References
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118:Gendarmes
38:phosphate
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199:fluorine
179:Djerissa
146:Moularès
58:iron ore
891:Réunion
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150:Redeyef
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380:(PDF)
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