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a large social group integrated not by one but by a combination of several kinds of objective relationships (economic, political, linguistic, cultural, religious, geographical, historical), and their subjective reflection in collective
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Hroch's definition of nation: "Now the 'nation is not, of course, an eternal category, but was the product of a long and complicated process of historical development in Europe. For our purposes, let us define it at the outset as
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Many of these ties could be mutually substituable - some playing a particularly important role in one nation-building process, and no more than a subsidiary part in others. But among them, three stand out as irreplaceable:
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Miroslav Hroch has earned international academic renown for his works about formation and evolution of the national movements of
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The majority of the population forms a mass movement. "In this phase, a full social movement comes into being and movement branches into conservative- clerical, liberal and democratic wings, each with its own
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Bakke, Elisabeth; Breuilly, John; Hutchinson, John; Kolář, Pavel; Kriel, Mariana; Leerssen, Joep; Malečková, Jitka; Malešević, Siniša; Řezník, Miloš; Núñez Seixas, Xosé M; Šima, Karel (2022).
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In the
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a density of linguistic or cultural ties enabling a higher degree of social communication within the group than beyond it;
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a 'memory' of some common past, treated as a 'destiny' of the group - or at least of its core constituents;
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Hroch earned his PhD at the
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a conception of the equality of all members of the group organized as a civil society."
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Die Vorkämpfer der nationalen
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