44:
31:
484:
The Miyako toad's diet largely comprises small invertebrates such as ants, beetles, snails, and worms. The breeding season runs from
September to March. Its mating call includes five distinct notes, lasting in total some 1.5 seconds. Females lay some twelve to fourteen thousand eggs, some 1.7–2.0
411:
of 85 millimetres (3.3 in), while females are a little larger, at 77–119 millimetres (3.0–4.7 in), mean of 97 millimetres (3.8 in). Its width is around 36% of its SVL, its hand and arm length, 44%, the length of its
1014:
1111:
526:
1068:
988:
802:
1001:
1106:
895:
810:
702:
1101:
917:
879:
506:
403:. It has a grey-brown to reddish-brown back with some paler spots and stripes, and a whitish belly with some black spots. Males have a
863:
1006:
729:
582:
Kawamura, T.; Nishioka, M.; Ueda, H. (1980). "Inter- and intraspecific hybrids among
Japanese, European and American toads".
531:
979:
721:
521:
1019:
911:
328:
1116:
302:
290:
43:
827:
319:
941:
152:
490:
404:
314:
400:
344:
336:
262:
536:
457:
380:
306:
177:
38:
469:
1027:
891:
859:
806:
776:
698:
646:
599:
561:
509:
240:
168:
1032:
766:
638:
591:
473:
465:
384:
332:
248:
30:
750:
294:
622:
461:
449:
437:
417:
349:
286:
228:
224:
220:
1096:
1090:
494:
838:] (in Japanese). Naha: Okinawa Prefectural Board of Education. pp. 151–159.
1059:
754:
625:(1984). "Morphometric variation analyses and revision of the Japanese toads (Genus
445:
298:
216:
129:
297:, arguing that Okada did not sufficiently distinguish his new subspecies from the
964:
888:
Red Data Book 2014 — Threatened
Wildlife of Japan — Volume 3, Reptilia / Amphibia
973:
441:
421:
363:
282:
278:
257:
697:] (in Japanese and English). Tokyo: Bun-Ichi Sogo Shuppan. pp. 40–43.
584:
Scientific Report of the
Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University
274:
780:
650:
603:
830:(1985). "Fossil frogs from Pinza-Abu Cave, Miyako Island, Okinawa, Japan".
453:
425:
388:
252:
105:
85:
55:
771:
1053:
958:
189:
75:
1073:
993:
642:
486:
65:
935:
413:
595:
408:
354:
concluded the Miyako toad was a subspecies of the
Asiatic toad,
115:
95:
939:
631:
Contributions from the
Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University
568:. Tokyo: Imperial Agricultural Experiment Station. p. 47.
497:, which occurs after March, is 11 millimetres (0.43 in).
485:
millimetres (0.067–0.079 in) in diameter. The small dark
755:"Preliminary survey of the amphibians of the Riukiu Islands"
255:"; however, no further details were provided, making this a
489:
reach a length of around 30 millimetres (1.2 in); the
416:, 35% in males and 33% in females, and its relatively flat
335:, recommended the toad be treated as a subspecies of the
399:
The Miyako toad is somewhat warty, but less so than the
858:. Malabar: Krieger Publishing Company. pp. 46–48.
890:] (in Japanese). Gyōsei Corporation. p. 145.
836:
Pinza-Abu: Reports on
Excavation of the Pinza-Abu Cave
407:(SVL) of 61–113 millimetres (2.4–4.4 in), with a
505:
The Miyako toad is classed as Near
Threatened on the
1043:
948:
452:, where it lives among the grasses and fields of
566:The Tailless Batrachians of the Japanese Empire
689:Matsui, Masafumi; Maeda, Norio, eds. (2018).
372:
856:Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan
8:
527:List of Natural Monuments of Japan (Okinawa)
936:
884:レッドデータブック2014 —日本の絶滅のおそれのある野生生物— 3 爬虫類・両生類
577:
575:
29:
20:
770:
854:Goris, Richard C.; Maeda, Norio (2004).
684:
682:
680:
617:
615:
613:
379:. Though sometimes thought to have been
251:) in a study of the country's "tailless
849:
847:
845:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
556:
554:
552:
548:
391:has been identified from Miyako-jima.
716:
714:
7:
916:[Amphibians] (in Japanese).
1112:Endemic fauna of the Ryukyu Islands
362:. In its native Japan, the toad's
14:
799:Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan
42:
803:Herpetological Society of Japan
695:Encyclopaedia of Japanese Frogs
730:Amphibian Species of the World
532:Irabu Prefectural Natural Park
1:
1107:Amphibians described in 1931
261:. The Miyako toad was first
239:In 1927, Japanese zoologist
1102:Endemic amphibians of Japan
918:Ministry of the Environment
880:Ministry of the Environment
522:List of amphibians of Japan
507:Ministry of the Environment
420:, c. 17%. Males have black
1133:
980:Bufo gargarizans miyakonis
950:Bufo gargarizans miyakonis
360:Bufo gargarizans miyakonis
213:Bufo gargarizans miyakonis
199:Bufo gargarizans miyakonis
162:Bufo gargarizans miyakonis
373:
281:, by Okada in 1931, with
215:) is a subspecies of the
183:
176:
158:
151:
39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
23:
912:
883:
831:
805:. 2021. pp. 39–41.
794:
690:
432:Distribution and habitat
341:Bufo japonicus miyakonis
195:Bufo japonicus miyakonis
301:of China, treated this
772:10.5962/bhl.title.2991
801:] (in Japanese).
311:Bufo bufo gargarizans
456:, but has also been
401:Japanese common toad
337:Japanese common toad
144:B. g. miyakonis
1045:Bufo bufo miyakonis
832:ピンザアブ：ピンザアブ洞穴発掘調査報告
753:(8 December 1947).
436:The Miyako toad is
267:Bufo bufo miyakonis
245:Bufo bufo miyakonis
186:Bufo bufo miyakonis
130:B. gargarizans
759:Fieldiana: Zoology
537:Pinza-Abu Cave Man
315:Kawamura Toshijirō
16:Subspecies of toad
1084:
1083:
1028:Open Tree of Life
942:Taxon identifiers
897:978-4-324-09897-4
812:978-4-88325-734-8
704:978-4-8299-8843-5
405:snout–vent length
368:Miyako hiki-gaeru
205:
204:
1124:
1077:
1076:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1036:
1035:
1023:
1022:
1010:
1009:
997:
996:
984:
983:
982:
969:
968:
967:
937:
930:
929:
927:
925:
908:
902:
901:
876:
870:
869:
851:
840:
839:
823:
817:
816:
791:
785:
784:
774:
747:
741:
740:
738:
736:
724:Bufo gargarizans
718:
709:
708:
686:
655:
654:
637:(3–4): 209–428.
619:
608:
607:
579:
570:
569:
558:
470:Minamidaitō-jima
385:Late Pleistocene
378:
376:
375:
353:
323:
164:
47:
46:
33:
21:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1013:
1005:
1000:
992:
987:
978:
977:
972:
963:
962:
957:
944:
934:
933:
923:
921:
920:. 27 March 2020
914:
910:
909:
905:
898:
885:
882:, ed. (2014).
878:
877:
873:
866:
853:
852:
843:
833:
825:
824:
820:
813:
796:
793:
792:
788:
749:
748:
744:
734:
732:
720:
719:
712:
705:
692:
688:
687:
658:
629:, Bufonidae)".
623:Matsui Masafumi
621:
620:
611:
581:
580:
573:
560:
559:
550:
545:
518:
503:
482:
434:
397:
370:
364:vernacular name
347:
345:Matsui Masafumi
317:
237:
197:
193:
172:
166:
160:
147:
133:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1117:Miyako Islands
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1065:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1024:
1011:
998:
985:
970:
954:
952:
946:
945:
940:
932:
931:
903:
896:
871:
864:
841:
818:
811:
786:
765:(5): 295–352.
742:
710:
703:
656:
609:
571:
547:
546:
544:
541:
540:
539:
534:
529:
524:
517:
514:
502:
499:
481:
478:
466:Kitadaitō-jima
462:Okinawa Island
450:Miyako Islands
433:
430:
424:. There is no
418:parotoid gland
396:
393:
287:Ryūkyū Islands
241:Okada Yaichirō
236:
233:
229:Ryūkyū Islands
225:Miyako Islands
203:
202:
181:
180:
174:
173:
167:
156:
155:
153:Trinomial name
149:
148:
141:
139:
135:
134:
127:
125:
121:
120:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1129:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
986:
981:
975:
971:
966:
960:
956:
955:
953:
951:
947:
943:
938:
919:
915:
907:
904:
899:
893:
889:
881:
875:
872:
867:
865:1-57524-085-8
861:
857:
850:
848:
846:
842:
837:
829:
826:Nokariya, H;
822:
819:
814:
808:
804:
800:
790:
787:
782:
778:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
746:
743:
731:
727:
726:Cantor, 1842"
725:
717:
715:
711:
706:
700:
696:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
657:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
618:
616:
614:
610:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
578:
576:
572:
567:
563:
557:
555:
553:
549:
542:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
515:
513:
511:
508:
500:
498:
496:
495:metamorphosis
492:
488:
479:
477:
475:
474:Daitō Islands
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
431:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
406:
402:
394:
392:
390:
386:
382:
369:
365:
361:
357:
351:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:type locality
289:given as the
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:
254:
250:
246:
242:
234:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
201:
200:
196:
191:
187:
182:
179:
175:
170:
165:
163:
157:
154:
150:
146:
145:
140:
137:
136:
132:
131:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1044:
949:
922:. Retrieved
906:
887:
874:
855:
835:
828:Hasegawa, Y.
821:
798:
789:
762:
758:
745:
733:. Retrieved
723:
694:
634:
630:
626:
596:10.15027/333
587:
583:
565:
504:
501:Conservation
483:
435:
422:nuptial pads
398:
367:
359:
355:
340:
324:
310:
299:Asiatic toad
270:
266:
256:
244:
238:
217:Asiatic toad
212:
208:
206:
198:
194:
185:
184:
161:
159:
143:
142:
138:Subspecies:
128:
116:
24:Miyako toad
18:
974:Wikispecies
751:Inger, R.F.
643:2433/156031
464:as well as
442:Miyako-jima
395:Description
348: [
343:. In 1984,
331:laboratory
318: [
313:. In 1980,
293:. In 1947,
283:Miyako-jima
279:Common toad
258:nomen nudum
253:batrachians
209:Miyako toad
1091:Categories
1060:Q123026872
795:新日本両生爬虫類図鑑
543:References
458:introduced
446:Irabu-jima
381:introduced
275:subspecies
231:of Japan.
965:Q21354552
781:0015-0754
651:0452-9987
604:0386-3166
590:: 1–125.
562:Okada, Y.
454:sugarcane
426:vocal sac
263:described
243:included
227:, in the
124:Species:
106:Bufonidae
62:Kingdom:
56:Eukaryota
1074:11023021
1054:Wikidata
994:10947846
959:Wikidata
691:日本産カエル大鑑
564:(1931).
516:See also
510:Red List
487:tadpoles
374:ミヤコヒキガエル
329:based on
249:Schlegel
235:Taxonomy
219:that is
190:protonym
178:Synonyms
102:Family:
86:Amphibia
76:Chordata
72:Phylum:
66:Animalia
52:Domain:
1007:1107385
480:Ecology
472:in the
448:in the
389:bufonid
387:fossil
333:crosses
307:synonym
285:in the
277:of the
273:, as a
223:to the
112:Genus:
92:Order:
82:Class:
1033:857965
1020:261169
924:11 May
894:
862:
809:
779:
735:11 May
701:
649:
602:
438:native
325:et al.
221:native
171:, 1931
886:[
834:[
797:[
693:[
414:tibia
352:]
339:, as
322:]
305:as a
295:Inger
265:, as
169:Okada
96:Anura
1097:Bufo
1069:GBIF
1015:NCBI
1002:ITIS
989:GBIF
926:2022
892:ISBN
860:ISBN
807:ISBN
777:ISSN
737:2022
699:ISBN
647:ISSN
627:Bufo
600:ISSN
468:and
444:and
409:mean
383:, a
356:i.e.
303:name
271:i.e.
207:The
117:Bufo
913:両生類
767:doi
639:hdl
592:doi
512:.
493:on
491:SVL
460:to
440:to
366:is
309:of
1093::
1071::
1056::
1030::
1017::
1004::
991::
976::
961::
844:^
775:.
763:32
761:.
757:.
728:.
713:^
659:^
645:.
635:26
633:.
612:^
598:.
586:.
574:^
551:^
476:.
428:.
358:,
350:fr
327:,
320:ja
269:,
928:.
900:.
868:.
815:.
783:.
769::
739:.
722:"
707:.
653:.
641::
606:.
594::
588:4
377:)
371:(
247:(
211:(
192:)
188:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
