178:"These diverse experiments, which have not been repeated, and which are testified to only by certain observers possibly devoid of the necessary scepticism, do not seem to me such as to shake the negative convictions of scientists. But this is not the case with the phenomena recorded of Home, Florence Cook, Eusapia, and Miss Goligher which are unassailable. Those of Marthe-Eva, of Linda Gazzera, Mrs. Salmon, Eglinton, and Mme. Lacombe acquire full value from the others, and this value is considerable; nor do I see reason to dismiss entirely those of M. Corrales, Sambor, and perhaps those of Mme. dâEsperance."
22:
166:"The back of the chair was partially open, and of sufficient size to allow the medium to thrust her legs through as far as the hips, when the dress had been drawn up, and spread over the seat of the chair. The medium would, therefore, be in a kneeling position behind the chair, with the upper part of her body in front of the chair-back, and, of course, visible to the investigators who made the examination."
30:
110:. Her first book describes her experiences from childhood, living in a "haunted mansion" with her sick mother while her father was away at sea. She describes the shadows she saw in the house, called "Shadow People". The book describes how she developed her psychic abilities, the experiments she performed with psychical researchers and her circle.
241:"Other well-known physical mediums of the period included Madame d'Esperance (Elizabeth Hope), who was caught in Newcastle in 1880. When her materialised guide, 'Yolande', was seized by a sitter it proved to be the medium in her underclothes. She continued to practise, however, and was exposed again on the Continent thirteen years later."
63:, Elizabeth claimed to have lived in a haunted mansion with many empty rooms that she liked to explore. She spent a rather lonely childhood full of alleged psychic visions, her motherâs verbal and physical abuse, and harassment by doctors. Elizabeth discovered spiritualism in the early 1870s in the form of
173:
was one of the notable scientists who investigated psychic phenomena, especially those of materialization, submitting to a rigorous examination several mediums, then concluding: "Nothing in the history of materializations would give more positive proof than the production of moulds obtained under
139:"Madame DâEsperance, was exposed-- literally. Ectoplasm grabbed in the dark by a sitter turned out to be the medium in total dishabille. After that embarrassing interlude, Madame DâEsperance apparently became more careful since she wasnât busted again for thirteen years."
174:
unexceptionable experimental conditions, from materialized forms dematerializing themselves." Among these mediums was Madame d'Esperance, of whom Richet says, in comparison with other mediums:
491:
1010:
103:. She gained notoriety for performances in which she seemed to materialize flowers and spirits in the séance room. This led to much controversy at the time.
1362:
1020:
484:
804:
1035:
355:
321:
345:
150:, Finland, 11 December 1893 Elizabeth claimed to have dematerialized the lower part of her body whilst only her head and stomach remained.
477:
1357:
990:
789:
464:
238:
162:
noted that the room was so dark that trickery would have been easy to perform. Carrington suggested how she had performed the trick:
1226:
300:
259:
1015:
129:
a spirit named "Yohlande" materialized, a sitter grabbed it and was revealed to be
Elizabeth herself. Regarding the exposure
79:
when she adopted the pseudonym "Mme. d'Esperance". Under that name, she began travelling through Europe, giving séances in
649:
1281:
1005:
543:
1352:
583:
1231:
1191:
1156:
1081:
1025:
809:
784:
218:
59:
Elizabeth was born the daughter of George
Puttock, a sailor, and his wife Elizabeth Jane Tovey. Growing up in
1291:
1051:
624:
500:
107:
45:
447:
An
Examination and Analysis of the Evidence for âDematerializationâ as Demonstrated in Mons. Aksakofâs Book
1221:
1030:
869:
834:
714:
669:
533:
1181:
1086:
864:
859:
774:
744:
694:
568:
528:
949:
1347:
1342:
1196:
1096:
929:
914:
729:
434:
1271:
1061:
1056:
995:
794:
518:
504:
442:
430:
366:
159:
76:
1311:
1146:
939:
889:
854:
699:
573:
21:
1316:
1246:
1216:
1106:
959:
879:
849:
759:
754:
684:
639:
578:
563:
523:
460:
351:
347:
People from the Other Side: The
Enigmatic Fox Sisters and the History of American Spiritualism
327:
317:
296:
291:
255:
234:
135:
68:
1261:
1211:
1116:
1000:
894:
724:
418:
151:
1321:
1251:
1186:
1151:
1136:
944:
904:
844:
819:
679:
659:
1296:
1286:
1236:
1201:
1176:
1141:
1131:
1121:
1101:
919:
689:
644:
614:
398:
382:
286:
170:
130:
1336:
1256:
1206:
1171:
1166:
1111:
1071:
924:
884:
874:
829:
709:
664:
654:
629:
588:
538:
422:
270:
158:
which supported
Elizabeth's claims of dematerialization (1898). Psychical researcher
72:
196:
29:
1301:
1126:
1091:
1076:
1066:
974:
934:
909:
839:
824:
739:
704:
674:
634:
609:
558:
252:
Psychics, Sensitives and
Somnambules: A Biographical Dictionary With Bibliographies
188:
1276:
1266:
1241:
969:
964:
779:
734:
719:
619:
449:. Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research. Volume 1: 131â168.
1306:
1161:
899:
814:
764:
548:
114:
64:
48:
469:
331:
316:. Kirjokansi, 2328 (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.
954:
769:
749:
452:
553:
457:
The
Darkened Room: Women, Power, and Spiritualism in Late Victorian England
219:
https://www.scientificexploration.org/docs/30/jse_30_2_ParkerandWarwood.pdf
143:
126:
147:
100:
92:
80:
33:
Mme. d'Esperance covered in a net, as a control in a séance experiment.
593:
96:
88:
84:
60:
28:
20:
113:
Her last mediumistic sĂ©ance was held on 1 May 1919 in (Ăsterbro)
473:
424:
A Case of
Partial Dematerialization of the Body of a Medium
117:, Denmark. She died shortly after that, on 20 July 1919.
16:
English spiritualist medium who was exposed as a fraud
1044:
983:
602:
511:
44:, 20 November 1848 â 20 July 1919) was an English
75:. Elizabeth married a Mr. Reed and resided in
1011:National Spiritualist Association of Churches
485:
427:. Boston: Banner of Light Publishing Company.
8:
492:
478:
470:
198:Northern Lights, and Other Psychic Stories
190:Shadow Land, or, Light from the Other Side
1021:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain
373:. Herbert B. Turner & Co. pp. 235â236
275:Spiritualism: A Popular History From 1847
211:
436:The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism
371:The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism
1036:International Spiritualist Federation
7:
1363:19th-century English businesspeople
991:List of Spiritualist organizations
156:A Case of Partial Dematerialization
403:Thirty Years of Psychical Research
387:Thirty Years of Psychical Research
14:
459:. University Of Chicago Press.
405:. The Macmillan Company. p. 542
389:. The Macmillan Company. p. 542
231:Spiritualism: A Critical Survey
71:, ectoplasm, premonitions and
1:
1016:Spiritualists' National Union
439:. Herbert B. Turner & Co.
1006:London Spiritualist Alliance
51:who was exposed as a fraud.
295:. Prometheus Books. p. 65.
1379:
250:Anderson, Rodger. (2006).
233:. Aquarian Press. p. 105.
1358:English spiritual mediums
1026:Spiritual church movement
344:Maurice Leonard. (2011).
312:Kaartinen, Marjo (2020).
277:. T. F. Unwin Ltd. p. 167
229:Edmunds, Simeon. (1966).
1292:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts
1157:Carlos MarĂa de Heredia
106:She wrote two books on
1222:Charles Arthur Mercier
1031:Arthur Findlay College
870:William Stainton Moses
835:Gladys Osborne Leonard
180:
168:
42:Elizabeth Jane Puttock
34:
26:
1182:Stanley LeFevre Krebs
1087:Milbourne Christopher
996:Spiritualist churches
865:Lorin Morgan-Richards
860:William Usborne Moore
529:Cross-Correspondences
350:. The History Press.
314:Spiritistinen istunto
176:
164:
32:
24:
1197:John Nevil Maskelyne
1097:Edmund Smith Conklin
367:Carrington, Hereward
254:. McFarland. p. 42.
1272:Julien J. Proskauer
1062:George Miller Beard
1057:John Henry Anderson
795:Daniel Dunglas Home
512:History and beliefs
443:Hereward Carrington
431:Hereward Carrington
160:Hereward Carrington
1353:English fraudsters
1312:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
1147:William A. Hammond
950:StanisĆawa Tomczyk
940:Emanuel Swedenborg
890:Ethel Post-Parrish
855:Francis Ward Monck
700:Arthur Conan Doyle
574:Spirit photography
133:wrote in his book
35:
27:
1330:
1329:
1317:Lyttelton Winslow
1282:Donovan Rawcliffe
1247:E. Clephan Palmer
1217:Georgess McHargue
1107:Stuart Cumberland
1082:William Carpenter
1001:Spiritist centres
960:George Valiantine
880:Eusapia Palladino
850:Carmine Mirabelli
810:Swami Laura Horos
760:Kathleen Goligher
685:Geraldine Cummins
640:Stephen E. Braude
579:Spirit possession
564:Spiritual healing
524:Automatic writing
356:978-1-8458-8637-0
323:978-951-858-131-7
292:The Psychic Mafia
136:The Psychic Mafia
69:automatic writing
67:powers including
1370:
1262:Massimo Polidoro
1212:Henry C. McComas
1117:Joseph Dunninger
895:James Van Praagh
785:Gordon Higginson
725:William Eglinton
569:Spirit obsession
494:
487:
480:
471:
419:Alexandr Aksakov
406:
396:
390:
380:
374:
364:
358:
342:
336:
335:
309:
303:
284:
278:
268:
262:
248:
242:
227:
221:
216:
154:wrote a booklet
152:Alexandr Aksakov
38:Mme. d'Esperance
25:Mme. d'Esperance
1378:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1322:Richard Wiseman
1252:Ronald Pearsall
1232:John Mulholland
1187:Rose Mackenberg
1152:C. E. M. Hansel
1137:G. Stanley Hall
1040:
979:
945:Rosina Thompson
905:Estelle Roberts
845:Heinrich Melzer
820:James H. Hyslop
790:Richard Hodgson
680:William Crookes
598:
544:Materialization
507:
498:
415:
413:Further reading
410:
409:
399:Richet, Charles
397:
393:
383:Richet, Charles
381:
377:
365:
361:
343:
339:
324:
311:
310:
306:
287:Keene, M. Lamar
285:
281:
269:
265:
249:
245:
228:
224:
217:
213:
208:
185:
123:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1376:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:Chung Ling Soo
1294:
1289:
1287:Joseph F. Rinn
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:Fulton Oursler
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:Henry Maudsley
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Joseph Jastrow
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:Trevor H. Hall
1139:
1134:
1132:Martin Gardner
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1102:Millais Culpin
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1072:Lionel Branson
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
985:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
920:Rudi Schneider
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
800:Elizabeth Hope
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
755:Eileen Garrett
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
650:Rosemary Brown
647:
645:William Breeze
642:
637:
632:
627:
625:Charles Bailey
622:
617:
615:Rosemary Altea
612:
606:
604:
600:
599:
597:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
515:
513:
509:
508:
499:
497:
496:
489:
482:
474:
468:
467:
465:978-0226642055
450:
440:
428:
414:
411:
408:
407:
391:
375:
359:
337:
322:
304:
279:
271:McCabe, Joseph
263:
243:
239:978-0850300130
222:
210:
209:
207:
204:
203:
202:
194:
184:
181:
171:Charles Richet
131:M. Lamar Keene
122:
119:
56:
53:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1375:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Frank Podmore
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Joseph McCabe
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:Harry Houdini
1170:
1168:
1167:Terence Hines
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Eric Dingwall
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
984:Organizations
982:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
925:Maria Silbert
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
885:Leonora Piper
883:
881:
878:
876:
875:Einer Nielsen
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
830:Franek Kluski
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
715:Harry Edwards
713:
711:
710:Eddy Brothers
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
670:Florence Cook
668:
666:
665:Doris Collins
663:
661:
658:
656:
655:Sylvia Browne
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Bangs Sisters
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
605:
603:Spiritualists
601:
595:
592:
590:
589:Table-turning
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:Spirit guides
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
539:Faith healing
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
495:
490:
488:
483:
481:
476:
475:
472:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:
448:
444:
441:
438:
437:
432:
429:
426:
425:
420:
417:
416:
412:
404:
400:
395:
392:
388:
384:
379:
376:
372:
368:
363:
360:
357:
353:
349:
348:
341:
338:
333:
329:
325:
319:
315:
308:
305:
302:
301:1-5739-2161-0
298:
294:
293:
288:
283:
280:
276:
272:
267:
264:
261:
260:0-7864-2770-1
257:
253:
247:
244:
240:
236:
232:
226:
223:
220:
215:
212:
205:
200:
199:
195:
192:
191:
187:
186:
182:
179:
175:
172:
167:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
138:
137:
132:
128:
125:In 1880 in a
120:
118:
116:
111:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:table-turning
70:
66:
62:
54:
52:
50:
47:
43:
39:
31:
23:
19:
1302:Gordon Stein
1127:Chris French
1092:Edward Clodd
1077:Derren Brown
1067:Ruth Brandon
1052:David Abbott
975:Chico Xavier
935:Doris Stokes
910:Jane Roberts
840:Oliver Lodge
825:Allan Kardec
805:William Hope
799:
740:Leslie Flint
705:Helen Duncan
695:Frank Decker
690:Pearl Curran
675:Mina Crandon
660:Eva CarriĂšre
635:Ada Besinnet
610:Derek Acorah
584:Spirit world
501:Spiritualism
456:
446:
435:
423:
402:
394:
386:
378:
370:
362:
346:
340:
313:
307:
290:
282:
274:
266:
251:
246:
230:
225:
214:
197:
189:
183:Publications
177:
169:
165:
155:
141:
134:
124:
112:
108:spiritualism
105:
58:
46:spiritualist
41:
37:
36:
18:
1348:1919 deaths
1343:1855 births
1277:James Randi
1267:Harry Price
1242:Joe Nickell
1227:Albert Moll
1192:David Marks
1122:Henry Evans
970:Etta Wriedt
965:Jack Webber
930:Henry Slade
915:William Roy
780:Alec Harris
775:Robert Hare
745:Arthur Ford
735:Fox sisters
730:Colin Evans
720:John Edward
620:Dan Aykroyd
65:mediumistic
1337:Categories
1307:Amy Tanner
1162:Carl Hertz
900:Bert Reese
815:Cecil Husk
765:Rita Goold
549:Mediumship
455:. (2004).
445:. (1907).
433:. (1907).
421:. (1898).
401:. (1923).
385:. (1923).
369:. (1907).
289:. (1997).
273:. (1920).
206:References
115:Copenhagen
955:Ena Twigg
770:Jan Guzyk
750:Colin Fry
534:Ectoplasm
505:spiritism
453:Alex Owen
332:2323-7392
77:Newcastle
55:Biography
1045:Skeptics
148:Helsinki
101:Germany
93:Belgium
81:Denmark
594:Theism
554:SĂ©ance
519:Apport
463:
354:
330:
320:
299:
258:
237:
201:(1899)
193:(1897)
144:séance
127:séance
97:Sweden
89:Norway
85:France
61:London
49:medium
40:(born
142:In a
121:Fraud
503:and
461:ISBN
352:ISBN
328:ISSN
318:ISBN
297:ISBN
256:ISBN
235:ISBN
99:and
146:in
1339::
326:.
95:,
91:,
87:,
83:,
493:e
486:t
479:v
334:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
