1024:. He served on various editorial boards with academic publishers like Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, Springer, Brill, I.B. Tauris. He acted as consultant to the Aga Khan Trust for Culture in Geneva, the Science Museum in London, and the Guggenheim Museum in New York. He contributed also to various BBC radio and TV programs on Islamic philosophy and the history of the exact sciences in Islam. He is also a recipient of the prestigious Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences Prize in 2014, and he recently joined the Oxford and Durham research team on medieval science in Britain.
845:. Motahhari is considered important for developing the ideologies of the Islamic Republic. He wrote on exegesis of the Qur'an, philosophy, ethics, sociology, history and many other subjects. In all his writings the real object he had in view was to give replies to the objections raised by others against Islam, to prove the shortcomings of other schools of thought and to manifest the greatness of Islam. He believed that in order to prove the falsity of
803:(CPS). He wrote over 200 books on several aspects of Islam and established the Centre for Peace and Spirituality to promote interfaith dialogue. He openly spoke on Islam and politics, peace and interfaith relationships, political status quo-ism, existence of God, and Tazkia & Sufism. He has over 200 books on his name on several topics including, islamic philosophy, politics, Quran and coexistence in multi-ethnic societies.
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35:
828:(2007). Akhtar argues that, unlike Christianity, Islam as a juridical monotheism, has no interest in theology, the speculative inquiry into God's nature and essence. Muslims need to know only the moral and legal will of God. Moreover, Akhtar claims that the exegesis of the scripture should be classified as part of the analytical philosophy of Islam.
859:. He was one of the most influential figures in the Islamic world in the 20th century. He attempted to explain and provide solutions for the problems faced by Muslim societies through traditional Islamic principles interwoven with and understood from the point of view of modern sociology and philosophy. Shariati was also deeply influenced by
4141:
552:. Iqbal can be credited with at least trying to reconstruct Islamic thought from the base, though some of his philosophical and scientific ideas would appear dated to us now. His basic ideas concentrated on free-will, which would allow Muslims to become active agents in their history. His interest in
995:
a
British–Lebanese philosopher, historian of science, and architectural theorist. He is a professor of philosophy and the chair of the Civilization Studies Program at the American University of Beirut. He previously taught at the University of Cambridge, the University of Nottingham, the University
670:
was a prominent twentieth-century Muslim philosopher. From 1924 to 1945 he was professor of philosophy at the Muslim
University, Aligarh – where he also served as chairman of the Department of Philosophy and dean of the Faculty of Arts. There, in 1939, he put forward the 'Aligarh Scheme'. From 1945
939:
was an Iraqi Shi'a cleric, a philosopher, and ideological founder of
Islamic Dawa Party born in al-Kazimiya, Iraq. Mohammad Baqir Al-Sadr's political philosophy, known as Wilayat Al-Umma (Governance of the people), set out his view of a modern-day Islamic state. His most famous philosophical works
677:
is a professor of Islam and
International Relations at the University of Delaware. He is a prominent Muslim intellectual and philosopher and commentator on Islamic Thought and Global Politics. He organized the first contemporary Islamic Philosophers conference at Georgetown University in 1998. His
882:
said: "his great political influence and fame was enough for people to not consider his philosophical attitude, although he was a well-trained follower of long living intellectual tradition of
Islamic Philosophy". One of his famous writings is a long introduction for the Arabic translation of
1029:. Nader El-Bizri's approach to Islamic philosophy is historical and at the same time informed at the interpretive levels by readings from contemporary Continental Thought and Anglo-American Analytic Philosophy, with a special emphasis on
1155:
768:
and the West, basing his views on
Classical Islamic governance's similarity to Western governance models in terms of religious freedoms and democratic inclination. Abdul Rauf is a highly visible American-Egyptian Imam at New York's
626:, where he was part of a committee which sought to interpret Islam for the fledgling modern sovereign state. Some of his ideas from English (which he claimed were from the Islamic tradition) were reprinted in
873:
was a prominent Shi'a Muslim intellectual and one of the most influential Muslim philosophers of 20th century. He is most famous for his political role, but he was also a philosopher who had been trained by
944:(Our Economy), consisting of an exegesis of Islamic economics coupled with a critique of Western political economy as manifested in the Soviet Union on one hand and the United States on the other, and
1152:
556:(who he called 'the Wise Man of Europe') has led later Muslim scholars to criticise him for advocating dangerous ideals that, according to them, have eventually formed certain strains of
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and member of the
Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo. His work has primarily dealt with the reconciliation of reason and revelation, especially in regard to issues surrounding the
1258:
427:
300:
52:
545:
758:. He is frequently labeled a modernist for his insistence on the historical contextualization of Muhammad's revelation in order to grasp its true moral import.
671:
until the partition of the sub-continent, Dr Hasan was emeritus professor at
Aligarh. Dr. Zafarul Hasan was born on 14 February 1885. He died on 19 June 1949.
1231:
2938:
2095:
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901:. His works defend Islamic and perennialist doctrines and principles while challenging the theoretical underpinnings of modern science. He argues that
1737:
1037:. El-Bizri's philosophical writings aim at renewing the impetus of philosophy in the contemporary Islamicate milieu. He is partly impacted in this by
307:
524:. He argued strongly that dogma, territorial nationalism and outright racism, all of which were profoundly rejected in early Islam and especially by
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is a
British Muslim philosopher, poet, researcher, writer and multilingual scholar. He is currently in the Faculty of Theology and Religions at
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on Islam. His numerous books, films and documentaries have won awards. His books have been translated into many languages including
Chinese and
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and other ideologies like it, it was necessary not only to comment on them in a scholarly manner but also to present the real image of Islam.
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values, 'are not exhausted at any point in history' but require constant interpretation. Rahman was driven to exile from his homeland,
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was the return to the intellectual dynamism that was the hallmark of the Islamic scholarly tradition (these ideas are outlined in
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was a mixture of both ethics and law. He was critical of historical Muslim theologies and philosophies for failing to create a
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948:(The Logical Basis of Induction) in which he develops a theory which allows one to reach certainty through inductive methods.
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include: Falsafatuna (Our Philosophy), in which he refutes modern Western philosophical schools and asserts an Islamic view,
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2004:
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work is on the subject of the philosophy of identity and rationality, Ijtihad, Islam and democracy and Islamic reform.
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1091:, leading modern Islamic thinker, a philosopher and chair of the philosophy department at the University of Cairo.
45:
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820:. This Cambridge-trained thinker is trying to revive the tradition of Sunni Islamic philosophy, defunct since
586:, he is nonetheless considered an important figure for Islam in the 20th century. He argued that the basis of
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978:
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pg. 168. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, vol. 15, iss. 2, pgs. 167–169. Conference report.
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2014:
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1059:. He has published bibliographies, anthologies and journal articles and lectured at conferences regarding
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in Paris, and with the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London. He published and lectured widely on
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777:, a non-profit organization seeking to bridge the divide between the Muslim world and the West.
598:). He sought to give philosophy free rein, and was keen on Muslims appreciating how the modern
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540:, where he was revered as the national poet. Indirectly this strain of Islam also influenced
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824:, against the background of western analytical philosophical method. His major treatise is
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736:. Ahmed is "the world's leading authority on contemporary Islam" according to the BBC.
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536:. His thought was influential in the emergence of a movement for independence of
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634:. These were quickly exploited by opponents of his political paymaster, General
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from India, who was known for contributions to the research of the history of
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Key figures from different regions, representing important trends include:
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is a Moroccan philosopher known for his formulation of an Islamic form of
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of Lincoln, and Harvard University. He is affiliated with the French
664:, and to the dissemination of Islamic teachings in the Western world.
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himself, were splitting Muslims into warring factions, encouraging
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and the reception of Heideggerian thought in the Islamicate world.
909:, that is, separated from its divine source—God—and calls for its
789:
He was a Pakistani philosopher. He was the founding father of the
689:
607:
521:
485:
461:
1192:
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or the consequences a given path of inquiry and technology. His "
764:
is a well-known proponent of cultural reconciliation between the
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477:
232:
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understood law, as opposed to ethics; his view being that the
592:
Revival and Reform in Islam: A Study of Islamic Fundamentalism
28:
2073:
582:. Not as widely known as his scholar-activist contemporary
799:
was an Indian Islamic scholar and philosopher. He founded
630:
and caused outrage among conservative Muslim scholars in
969:
or philosophy could exist that was wholly ignorant of a
1071:. Various academic endeavors on his part have received
644:
belonged to a family of scholars, jurists, writers and
1153:"Celebrating Ibn Rushd's Eight-Hundredth Anniversary,"
520:
ideals and emphasized traditional rules, e.g. against
638:, and led to his eventual exile in the United States.
1063:, showing especially strong interest in the work of
456:
views of ethics in science and law, and the duty of
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59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
981:with modern sciences, resulting in, for example,
648:. He was a world-renowned scholar of Islam and
614:worldview based on the values derived from the
2089:
1225:
773:in addition to being Founder and Chairman of
421:
8:
1204:Department of Philosophy – Mohammad Azadpur
3858:
3849:
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3528:
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3007:
2644:
2585:
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2123:
2112:
2096:
2082:
2074:
1570:
1552:
1248:
1232:
1218:
1210:
1113:for a glossary of key terms used in Islam.
688:, filmmaker and an outstanding scholar on
428:
414:
130:
754:, he has extended the work of his tutor,
700:and contemporary Islamic philosophy from
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
570:was professor of Islamic thought at the
496:Key figures of modern Islamic philosophy
1101:
750:, and educator. A former member of the
397:
330:
285:
231:
149:
142:
961:looked more closely at the ethics and
1126:, "Heresy in al-Andalus." Taken from
855:was a sociologist and a professor of
7:
1045:Abu Abd al-Rahman Ibn Aqil al-Zahiri
57:adding citations to reliable sources
946:Al-Usus al-Mantiqiyyah lil-Istiqra'
564:honor Iqbal and Islamic traditions.
25:
801:Centre for Peace and Spirituality
68:"Contemporary Islamic philosophy"
4153:
4152:
4139:
33:
4180:Contemporary Islamic philosophy
1111:list of Islamic terms in Arabic
903:knowledge has been desacralized
562:Four Pillars of the Green Party
544:and other figures who sought a
44:needs additional citations for
826:The Quran and the Secular Mind
448:, notably the tension between
444:revives some of the trends of
1:
2005:Gholamhossein Ebrahimi Dinani
1995:Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas
1586:Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
977:" program sought to converge
889:History of Islamic Philosophy
781:Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas
716:in Washington DC and was the
3625:Ordinary language philosophy
1672:Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
3675:Contemporary utilitarianism
3590:Internalism and externalism
1128:The Legacy of Muslim Spain,
1061:logic in Islamic philosophy
1047:is a retired Saudi Arabian
783:is a Malaysian philosopher.
446:medieval Islamic philosophy
4196:
2939:Svatantrika and Prasangika
1950:Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei
1850:Qadi Mir Husayn al-Maybudi
1764:Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi
742:is a well-known Pakistani
4133:
3848:
3831:
3238:
2584:
2573:
2161:Philosophy of mathematics
2151:Philosophy of information
2122:
2111:
1698:Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī
1569:
1551:
1247:
1191:Marranci, Gabriele (ed);
1186:Modern Islamic Philosophy
1158:28 September 2013 at the
975:Islamization of knowledge
931:resacralization of nature
925:is expressed in terms of
618:: 'moral values', unlike
404:Islamization of knowledge
287:Science in medieval times
18:Modern Islamic philosophy
1198:, (an academic journal).
927:Islamic environmentalism
923:environmental philosophy
3630:Postanalytic philosophy
3571:Experimental philosophy
1682:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
1631:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani
1591:Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri
1195:Dynamics of Muslim Life
979:early Muslim philosophy
728:and met with President
694:international relations
3763:Social constructionism
2775:Hellenistic philosophy
2191:Theoretical philosophy
2166:Philosophy of religion
2156:Philosophy of language
2015:Mohammed Abed al-Jabri
1965:Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr
1926:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
1794:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
1621:Abu Sulayman Sijistani
1443:Transcendent theosophy
963:sociology of knowledge
937:Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr
787:Syed Abul A'la Maududi
724:to UK. He has advised
656:, translations of the
560:. Some claim that the
466:sociology of knowledge
4146:Philosophy portal
3665:Scientific skepticism
3645:Reformed epistemology
2171:Philosophy of science
1799:Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi
965:, concluding that no
660:, the advancement of
594:and his magnum opus,
572:University of Chicago
550:Five Pillars of Islam
3566:Critical rationalism
3273:Edo neo-Confucianism
3117:Acintya bheda abheda
3096:Renaissance humanism
2807:School of the Sextii
2181:Practical philosophy
2176:Political philosophy
2030:Reza Davari Ardakani
1906:Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji
1840:Sadr ad-Din Dashtaki
1789:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
1703:Afdal al-Din Kashani
1075:support in the past.
1022:architectural theory
899:perennialist thinker
818:University of Oxford
215:(Islamic monotheism)
181:Early social changes
176:Early historiography
53:improve this article
3137:Nimbarka Sampradaya
3048:Korean Confucianism
2795:Academic Skepticism
1990:Seyyed Hossein Nasr
1911:Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani
1901:Mohsen Fayz Kashani
1860:Sayyid Haydar Amuli
1370:Medieval psychology
1342:Natural philosophy
1193:Contemporary Islam
895:Seyyed Hossein Nasr
880:Seyyed Hossein Nasr
740:Javed Ahmad Ghamidi
714:American University
675:M. A. Muqtedar Khan
642:Muhammad Hamidullah
578:, and an expert in
3758:Post-structuralism
3660:Scientific realism
3615:Quinean naturalism
3595:Logical positivism
3551:Analytical Marxism
2770:Peripatetic school
2682:Chinese naturalism
2209:Aesthetic response
2136:Applied philosophy
2000:Abdolkarim Soroush
1845:Aziz Mahmud Hudayi
1759:Hajji Bektash Wali
1295:medieval astronomy
1241:Islamic philosophy
1201:Mohammad Azadpur;
1178:Islamic Philosophy
876:Allameh Tabatabaei
857:Mashhad University
841:was a lecturer at
775:Cordoba Initiative
668:Syed Zafarul Hasan
580:Islamic philosophy
442:Islamic philosophy
4167:
4166:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4120:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3546:Analytic feminism
3518:
3517:
3480:Kierkegaardianism
3442:Transcendentalism
3402:Neo-scholasticism
3248:Classical Realism
3225:
3224:
2997:
2996:
2812:Neopythagoreanism
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2186:Social philosophy
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
1916:Rajab Ali Tabrizi
1855:Mahmud Shabistari
1835:Jalaladdin Davani
1784:Nasir al-Din Tusi
1606:Abu Hatim al-Razi
1547:
1546:
987:Islamic sociology
983:Islamic economics
971:theory of conduct
967:scientific method
915:sacred traditions
843:Tehran University
839:Morteza Motahhari
762:Feisal Abdul Rauf
756:Amin Ahsan Islahi
718:High Commissioner
650:international law
576:McGill University
476:, especially the
438:
437:
190:Modern philosophy
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
4187:
4156:
4155:
4144:
4143:
4142:
3859:
3850:
3833:
3723:Frankfurt School
3670:Transactionalism
3620:Normative ethics
3600:Legal positivism
3576:Falsificationism
3561:Consequentialism
3556:Communitarianism
3529:
3397:New Confucianism
3236:
3043:Neo-Confucianism
3008:
2817:Second Sophistic
2802:Middle Platonism
2645:
2586:
2575:
2418:Epiphenomenalism
2285:Consequentialism
2219:Institutionalism
2124:
2113:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2075:
2045:Hasanzadeh Amoli
2040:Mostafa Malekian
2010:Taha Abdurrahman
1985:Ismail al-Faruqi
1943:
1865:Dawūd al-Qayṣarī
1596:Abu Bakr al-Razi
1571:
1553:
1378:
1365:Medieval science
1360:
1345:
1327:
1317:
1280:
1269:
1249:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1211:
1183:Leaman, Oliver;
1175:Leaman, Oliver;
1163:
1149:
1143:
1140:Brill Publishers
1121:
1115:
1106:
1079:Taha Abdurrahman
1053:existence of God
959:Ismail al-Faruqi
662:Islamic learning
584:Ismail al-Faruqi
484:") and rules of
430:
423:
416:
375:
368:
366:Classical Arabic
224:
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131:
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61:
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4081:
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3943:
3890:
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3815:
3804:Russian cosmism
3777:
3773:Western Marxism
3738:New Historicism
3703:Critical theory
3689:
3685:Wittgensteinian
3581:Foundationalism
3514:
3451:
3432:Social contract
3288:Foundationalism
3221:
3203:
3187:Illuminationism
3172:Aristotelianism
3158:
3147:Vishishtadvaita
3100:
3052:
2993:
2960:
2831:
2760:Megarian school
2755:Eretrian school
2696:
2657:Agriculturalism
2634:
2580:
2561:
2508:
2480:
2437:
2389:
2346:
2330:Incompatibilism
2299:
2271:
2223:
2195:
2118:
2107:
2102:
2072:
2059:
2025:Fouad Zakariyya
2020:Mohammed Arkoun
1975:Frithjof Schuon
1941:
1935:
1921:Qazi Sa’id Qumi
1874:
1808:
1747:
1686:
1635:
1565:
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1416:Illuminationism
1382:
1376:
1358:
1343:
1326:(jurisprudence)
1325:
1315:
1278:
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1238:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1160:Wayback Machine
1150:
1146:
1122:
1118:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1010:Ikhwan al-Safa'
955:
911:resacralization
878:. As Professor
835:
810:
797:Wahiduddin Khan
771:Masjid al-Farah
752:Jamaat-e-Islami
744:Islamic scholar
710:Islamic Studies
588:Islamic revival
514:Islamic revival
506:
498:
468:and in forming
434:
379:
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364:
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144:Islamic studies
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3989:
3983:
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3969:
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3949:Middle Eastern
3945:
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3713:Existentialism
3710:
3708:Deconstruction
3705:
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3541:Applied ethics
3537:
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3507:
3505:Nietzscheanism
3502:
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3447:Utilitarianism
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3404:
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3389:
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3345:Transcendental
3342:
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3283:Existentialism
3280:
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3139:
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3124:
3119:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
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3071:Augustinianism
3068:
3062:
3060:
3054:
3053:
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3050:
3045:
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3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2995:
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2986:
2984:Zoroastrianism
2981:
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2841:
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2827:Church Fathers
2824:
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2809:
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2799:
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2772:
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2342:Libertarianism
2339:
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2327:
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2298:
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2173:
2168:
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2158:
2153:
2148:
2146:Metaphilosophy
2143:
2138:
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2120:
2119:
2116:
2109:
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2100:
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2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
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1967:
1962:
1957:
1955:Muhammad Iqbal
1952:
1946:
1944:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1931:Hādī Sabzavārī
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1891:Mir Fendereski
1888:
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1628:
1623:
1618:
1616:Ikhwan al-Safa
1613:
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1496:
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1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1448:Traditionalist
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
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1255:
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1245:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1189:
1181:
1171:
1170:External links
1168:
1165:
1164:
1151:Majid Fakhry,
1144:
1124:Maribel Fierro
1116:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1076:
1042:
1012:, and also on
1002:Ibn al-Haytham
993:Nader El-Bizri
990:
954:
951:
950:
949:
934:
919:sacred science
892:
868:
865:Muhammad Iqbal
850:
834:
831:
830:
829:
814:Shabbir Akhtar
809:
806:
805:
804:
794:
784:
778:
759:
737:
730:George W. Bush
726:Prince Charles
686:anthropologist
682:Akbar S. Ahmed
679:
672:
665:
639:
565:
518:social justice
510:Muhammad Iqbal
505:
502:
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4114:
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4086:Miscellaneous
4084:
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4068:
4065:
4063:
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4058:
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4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3940:
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3927:
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3857:
3855:
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3847:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:Miscellaneous
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3768:Structuralism
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:Postmodernism
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:Phenomenology
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3680:Vienna Circle
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3610:Moral realism
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Phenomenology
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:Individualism
3350:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3217:Judeo-Islamic
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3193:ʿIlm al-Kalām
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:Shuddhadvaita
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:Scholasticism
3074:
3072:
3069:
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64:Find sources:
58:
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48:
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42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4151:
4137:
3808:
3799:Postcritique
3789:Kyoto School
3748:Posthumanism
3728:Hermeneutics
3583: /
3524:Contemporary
3500:Newtonianism
3463:Cartesianism
3422:Reductionism
3258:Conservatism
3253:Collectivism
3191:
2919:Sarvāstivadā
2897:Anekantavada
2822:Neoplatonism
2790:Epicureanism
2723:Pythagoreans
2662:Confucianism
2628:Contemporary
2618:Early modern
2522:Anti-realism
2476:Universalism
2433:Subjectivism
2229:Epistemology
2055:Partawi Shah
2050:Javadi Amoli
2035:Ahmad Fardid
1980:Martin Lings
1830:Hajji Bayram
1804:Ibn Taymiyya
1733:Omar Khayyám
1718:Ayn-al-Quzat
1713:Ahmad Yasavi
1626:Ibn Masarrah
1560:by century (
1558:Philosophers
1453:Contemporary
1452:
1355:
1322:
1312:
1275:
1264:
1202:
1194:
1184:
1176:
1147:
1127:
1119:
1108:
1104:
1035:epistemology
970:
888:
885:Henry Corbin
871:Musa al-Sadr
853:Ali Shariati
825:
766:Muslim World
708:chairman of
600:nation-state
595:
591:
558:pan-Islamism
548:through the
546:global ethic
499:
460:and role of
439:
398:Other topics
346:Architecture
252:Etiquettical
211:
189:
188: /
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
3794:Objectivism
3733:Neo-Marxism
3695:Continental
3605:Meta-ethics
3585:Coherentism
3490:Hegelianism
3427:Rationalism
3387:Natural law
3367:Materialism
3293:Historicism
3263:Determinism
3154:Navya-Nyāya
2929:Sautrāntika
2924:Pudgalavada
2860:Vaisheshika
2713:Presocratic
2613:Renaissance
2552:Physicalism
2537:Materialism
2443:Normativity
2428:Objectivism
2413:Emergentism
2403:Behaviorism
2352:Metaphysics
2318:Determinism
2257:Rationalism
1970:René Guénon
1960:Gohar Shahi
1896:Mulla Sadra
1820:Ibn Khaldun
1431:metaphysics
1377:(mysticism)
1359:(education)
1337:Metaphysics
1316:(dialectic)
1302:Eschatology
1279:(intellect)
1020:as well as
897:is a major
822:Ibn Khaldun
706:Ibn Khaldun
530:materialism
474:legal codes
351:Calligraphy
308:Mathematics
278:Theological
198:Eschatology
4093:Amerindian
4000:Australian
3939:Vietnamese
3919:Indonesian
3468:Kantianism
3417:Positivism
3407:Pragmatism
3382:Naturalism
3362:Liberalism
3340:Subjective
3278:Empiricism
3182:Avicennism
3127:Bhedabheda
3011:East Asian
2934:Madhyamaka
2914:Abhidharma
2780:Pyrrhonism
2547:Nominalism
2542:Naturalism
2471:Skepticism
2461:Relativism
2451:Absolutism
2380:Naturalism
2290:Deontology
2262:Skepticism
2247:Naturalism
2237:Empiricism
2201:Aesthetics
2105:Philosophy
1825:Yunus Emre
1769:Ibn Sab’in
1738:Suhrawardi
1728:Ibn Tufail
1647:Al-Ghazali
1601:Apharabius
1436:psychology
1406:Avicennism
1268:(theology)
953:Arab world
942:Iqtisaduna
833:Shia World
734:Indonesian
636:Ayyub Khan
512:sought an
504:South Asia
450:Mutazilite
359:Literature
301:Inventions
257:Hygienical
221:Mysticism
159:Philosophy
79:newspapers
3972:Pakistani
3934:Taiwanese
3881:Ethiopian
3854:By region
3840:By region
3655:Scientism
3650:Systemics
3510:Spinozism
3437:Socialism
3372:Modernism
3335:Objective
3243:Anarchism
3177:Averroism
3066:Christian
3018:Neotaoism
2989:Zurvanism
2979:Mithraism
2974:Mazdakism
2745:Cyrenaics
2672:Logicians
2305:Free will
2267:Solipsism
2214:Formalism
1886:Mir Damad
1879:17th–19th
1813:14th–16th
1779:al-Abharī
1774:Ibn Arabi
1708:Ahi Evren
1667:Bahmanyār
1426:cosmology
1411:Averroism
1344:(physics)
1290:astrology
1285:Cosmology
1096:Citations
1083:modernity
1069:Ibn Rushd
1039:Heidegger
1014:Heidegger
554:Nietzsche
542:Malcolm X
516:based on
341:Astrology
296:Astronomy
273:Political
109:July 2013
4174:Category
4158:Category
4113:Yugoslav
4103:Romanian
4010:Scottish
3995:American
3924:Japanese
3904:Buddhist
3886:Africana
3876:Egyptian
3718:Feminist
3640:Rawlsian
3635:Quietism
3533:Analytic
3485:Krausism
3392:Nihilism
3357:Kokugaku
3320:Absolute
3315:Idealism
3303:Humanism
3091:Occamism
3058:European
3003:Medieval
2949:Yogacara
2909:Buddhist
2902:Syādvāda
2785:Stoicism
2750:Cynicism
2738:Sophists
2733:Atomists
2728:Eleatics
2667:Legalism
2608:Medieval
2532:Idealism
2486:Ontology
2466:Nihilism
2370:Idealism
2128:Branches
2117:Branches
1723:Averroes
1662:Ibn Hazm
1657:Avicenna
1611:Al Amiri
1581:Al-Kindi
1574:9th–10th
1484:ʼIjtihād
1469:ʻAṣabīya
1462:Concepts
1401:Farabism
1356:Madrasah
1156:Archived
1065:Ibn Hazm
1057:theodicy
1049:polymath
1031:ontology
1006:Ibn Sina
929:and the
913:through
791:Islamism
722:Pakistan
704:. He is
702:Pakistan
698:politics
632:Pakistan
624:Pakistan
604:shari'ah
538:Pakistan
534:nihilism
526:Muhammad
490:just war
454:Asharite
316:Medicine
267:Military
247:Economic
242:Criminal
223:(Sufism)
164:Theology
136:a series
134:Part of
4108:Russian
4077:Spanish
4072:Slovene
4062:Maltese
4057:Italian
4037:Finland
4005:British
3987:Western
3977:Turkish
3962:Islamic
3957:Iranian
3909:Chinese
3896:Eastern
3863:African
3810:more...
3495:Marxism
3325:British
3268:Dualism
3164:Islamic
3122:Advaita
3112:Vedanta
3086:Scotism
3081:Thomism
3023:Tiantai
2966:Persian
2954:Tibetan
2944:Śūnyatā
2885:Cārvāka
2875:Ājīvika
2870:Mīmāṃsā
2850:Samkhya
2765:Academy
2718:Ionians
2692:Yangism
2649:Chinese
2640:Ancient
2603:Western
2598:Ancient
2557:Realism
2514:Reality
2504:Process
2385:Realism
2365:Dualism
2360:Atomism
2242:Fideism
1942:present
1504:Maslaha
1388:Schools
1375:Sufism
1259:Alchemy
1142:, 1994.
1016:and on
905:in the
861:Mowlana
847:Marxism
748:exegete
712:at the
612:ethical
464:in the
458:Muslims
390:Pottery
262:Marital
154:History
93:scholar
4067:Polish
4047:German
4042:French
4027:Danish
4017:Canada
3967:Jewish
3929:Korean
3914:Indian
3456:People
3377:Monism
3330:German
3298:Holism
3231:Modern
3209:Jewish
3132:Dvaita
3105:Indian
3028:Huayan
2880:Ajñana
2837:Indian
2702:Greco-
2687:Taoism
2677:Mohism
2623:Modern
2590:By era
2579:By era
2494:Action
2375:Monism
2295:Virtue
2277:Ethics
1534:Tawḥīd
1494:ʻIrfān
1307:Ethics
1265:Aqidah
1252:Fields
1136:Leiden
1073:UNESCO
921:. His
808:Europe
684:is an
658:Qur'an
654:Hadith
616:Qur'an
373:Poetry
212:Tawhid
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
4098:Aztec
4052:Greek
4032:Dutch
4022:Czech
3871:Bantu
3308:Anti-
2855:Nyaya
2845:Hindu
2705:Roman
2499:Event
2141:Logic
1940:20th–
1539:Ummah
1529:Shūrā
1524:Qiyās
1514:Qadar
1499:Ijmāʿ
1479:Iʻjaz
1396:Early
1350:Peace
1332:Logic
1313:Kalam
690:Islam
646:sufis
608:moral
596:Islam
522:usury
488:(or "
486:jihad
480:(or "
462:Islam
385:Music
186:Early
100:JSTOR
86:books
3199:Sufi
3033:Chan
2892:Jain
2865:Yoga
2395:Mind
2335:Hard
2323:Hard
1870:Jami
1752:13th
1691:12th
1640:11th
1519:Qalb
1509:Nafs
1489:ʻIlm
1421:Sufi
1323:Fiqh
1109:See
1067:and
1055:and
1033:and
998:CNRS
985:and
917:and
863:and
628:Urdu
610:and
574:and
532:and
492:").
478:fiqh
472:and
452:and
332:Arts
72:news
3473:Neo
3038:Zen
1474:Ḥāl
1276:Aql
887:'s
720:of
55:by
4176::
1562:CE
1138::
1134:.
1008:,
1004:,
746:,
692:,
138:on
2097:e
2090:t
2083:v
1564:)
1274:'
1233:e
1226:t
1219:v
1085:.
989:.
933:.
891:.
867:.
793:.
696:/
429:e
422:t
415:v
323:)
319:(
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
20:)
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