Spiritualism (movement)

337: 592: 258: 280:(1734–1815) provided an example for those seeking direct personal knowledge of the afterlife. Swedenborg, who claimed to communicate with spirits while awake, described the structure of the spirit world. Two features of his view particularly resonated with the early spiritualists: first, that there is not a single Hell and a single Heaven, but rather a series of higher and lower heavens and hells; second, that spirits are intermediates between God and humans, so that the divine sometimes uses them as a means of communication. Although Swedenborg warned against seeking out spirit contact, his works seem to have inspired in others the desire to do so. 399:, New York, reported that they had made contact with a spirit that was later claimed to be the spirit of a murdered peddler whose body was found in the house, though no record of such a person was ever found. The spirit was said to have communicated through rapping noises, audible to onlookers. The evidence of the senses appealed to practically minded Americans, and the Fox sisters became a sensation. As the first celebrity mediums, the sisters quickly became famous for their public séances in New York. However, in 1888 the Fox sisters admitted that this contact with the spirit was a hoax, though shortly afterward they recanted that admission. 174: 721: 55: 2409:"1876 also saw the first of several exposures of another physical medium, William Eglington, in whose trunk a false beard and a quantity of muslin were found by Archdeacon Colley. He was exposed again in 1880, after which he turned to slate-writing. In this he was exposed by Richard Hodgson and S. J. Davey of the SPR in 1885. Davey, a clever conjuror, was able to duplicate all Eglington's phenomena so perfectly that some Spiritualists, notably Alfred Russel Wallace, insisted that he too was really a genuine medium." 1301:, a natural development in a movement without central authority or dogma. Today, among these unorganised circles, spiritualism is similar to the new age movement. However, theosophy, with its inclusion of Eastern religion, astrology, ritual magic and reincarnation, is an example of a closer precursor of the 20th-century new age movement. Today's syncretic spiritualists are quite heterogeneous in their beliefs regarding issues such as reincarnation or the existence of God. Some appropriate new age and 607: 517:, for example) proved to be a profitable venture, and soon became popular forms of entertainment and spiritual catharsis. The Fox sisters earned a living this way and others followed their lead. Showmanship became an increasingly important part of spiritualism, and the visible, audible, and tangible evidence of spirits escalated as mediums competed for paying audiences. As independent investigating commissions repeatedly established, most notably the 1887 report of the 1082: 997: 466:(1840–1923). Young and beautiful, her appearance on stage fascinated men. Her audiences were struck by the contrast between her physical girlishness and the eloquence with which she spoke of spiritual matters, and found in that contrast support for the notion that spirits were speaking through her. Cora married four times, and on each occasion adopted her husband's last name. During her period of greatest activity, she was known as Cora Hatch. 802: 365: 825:, and letters from readers about personal contact with ghosts. In Britain, by 1853, invitations to tea among the prosperous and fashionable often included table-turning, a type of séance in which spirits were said to communicate with people seated around a table by tilting and rotating the table. By 1897, spiritualism was said to have more than eight million followers in the United States and Europe, mostly drawn from the 5218: 351: 6849: 5600: 571: 1046:(1854–1918) was an Italian spiritualist medium from the slums of Naples who made a career touring Italy, France, Germany, Britain, the United States, Russia and Poland. Palladino was said by believers to perform spiritualist phenomena in the dark: levitating tables, producing apports, and materializing spirits. On investigation, all these things were found to be products of trickery. 1106:(1897–1956). In 1928 photographer Harvey Metcalfe attended a series of séances at Duncan's house and took flash photographs of Duncan and her alleged "materialization" spirits, including her spirit guide "Peggy". The photographs revealed the "spirits" to have been fraudulently produced, using dolls made from painted papier-mâché masks, draped in old sheets. Duncan was later tested by 2430:"One medium of the 1920s, Mina Crandon, became famous for producing ectoplasm during her sittings. At the height of the séance, she was even able to produce a tiny ectoplasmic hand from her navel, which waved about in the darkness. Her career ended when Harvard biologists were able to examine the tiny hand and found it to be nothing more than a carved piece of animal liver." 1187: 1389: 421: 1493: 1158:(1834–1911) supported both evolution and spiritualism. Hopps claimed humanity had started off imperfect "out of the animal's darkness" but would rise into the "angel's marvellous light". Hopps claimed humans were not fallen but rising creatures and that after death they would evolve on a number of spheres of existence to perfection. 381: 431: 1417:(of its own with unique characteristics), and a minority who held it to be a denomination within Christianity. In the United States, this distinction can be seen between the less Christian organization, the National Spiritualist Association of Churches, and the more Christian spiritual church movement. 1222:

agency. Later in his life, Wallace was an advocate of spiritualism and believed in an immaterial origin for the higher mental faculties of humans; he believed that evolution suggested that the universe had a purpose, and that certain aspects of living organisms are not explainable in terms of purely

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Spiritualism was mainly a middle- and upper-class movement, and especially popular with women. American spiritualists would meet in private homes for séances, at lecture halls for trance lectures, at state or national conventions, and at summer camps attended by thousands. Among the most significant

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The practice of organized spiritualism today resembles that of any other religion, having discarded most showmanship, particularly those elements resembling the conjurer's art. There is thus a much greater emphasis on "mental" mediumship and an almost complete avoidance of the apparently miraculous

85:", is seen by spiritualists not as a static place, but as one in which spirits continue to interact and evolve. These two beliefs—that contact with spirits is possible, and that spirits are more advanced than humans—lead spiritualists to the belief that spirits are capable of advising the living on 503:

Undoubtedly, on some level spiritualists recognized the Indian spectres that appeared at seances as a symbol of the sins and subsequent guilt of the United States in its dealings with Native Americans. Spiritualists were literally haunted by the presence of Indians. But for many that guilt was not

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Despite numerous instances of chicanery, the appeal of spiritualism was strong. Prominent in the ranks of its adherents were those grieving the death of a loved one. Many families during the time of the American Civil War had seen their men go off and never return, and images of the battlefield,

793:, in an experiment designed to ascertain the existence of an afterlife, committed suicide in his apartment by blowing out the pilot light on his heater and turning on the gas. After that date, no further communication from him was received by an associate whom he had recruited for the purpose. 283:

Swedenborg was formerly a highly regarded inventor and scientist, achieving several engineering innovations and studying physiology and anatomy. Then, "in 1741, he also began to have a series of intense mystical experiences, dreams, and visions, claiming that he had been called by God to reform

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The movement was extremely individualistic, with each person relying on his or her own experiences and reading to discern the nature of the afterlife. Organisation was therefore slow to appear, and when it did it was resisted by mediums and trance lecturers. Most members were content to attend

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The second direction taken has been to adopt formal organization, patterned after Christian denominations, with established liturgies and a set of seven principles, and training requirements for mediums. In the United States the spiritualist churches are primarily affiliated either with the

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As an informal movement, spiritualism does not have a defined set of rules, but various spiritualist organizations within the United States have adopted variations on some or all of a "Declaration of Principles" developed between 1899 and 1944. In October 1899, a six article "Declaration of

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in the late 19th and early 20th century. Broadly speaking the concept of evolution fitted the spiritualist thought of the progressive development of humanity. At the same time, however, the belief in the animal origins of humanity threatened the foundation of the immortality of the

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assuaged: rather, in order to confront the haunting and rectify it, they were galvanized into action. The political activism of spiritualists on behalf of Indians was thus the result of combining white guilt and fear of divine judgment with a new sense of purpose and responsibility.

413:, New York, had long been acquainted with the Fox family, and took the two girls into their home in the late spring of 1848. Immediately convinced of the veracity of the sisters' communications, they became early converts and introduced the young mediums to their circle of radical 1239:

in the human being so suggested that non-material spiritual forces accounted for these. Wallace believed the spiritual nature of humanity could not have come about by natural selection alone, the origins of the spiritual nature must originate "in the unseen universe of spirit".

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The movement quickly spread throughout the world; though only in the United Kingdom did it become as widespread as in the United States. Spiritualist organizations were formed in America and Europe, such as the London Spiritualist Alliance, which published a newspaper called

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undertook a well-publicised campaign to expose fraudulent mediums; he was adamant that "Up to the present time everything that I have investigated has been the result of deluded brains." Other magician or magic-author debunkers of spiritualist mediumship have included

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is not a static state, but one in which spirits evolve. The two beliefs—that contact with spirits is possible, and that spirits may dwell on a higher plane—lead to a third belief, that spirits can provide knowledge about moral and ethical issues, as well as about

123:. By the late 1880s the credibility of the informal movement had weakened due to accusations of fraud perpetrated by mediums, and formal spiritualist organizations began to appear. Spiritualism is currently practiced primarily through various denominational 922:(Australia). By 1880, there were about three dozen monthly spiritualist periodicals published around the world. These periodicals differed a great deal from one another, reflecting the great differences among spiritualists. Some, such as the British 2823: 873:, the spiritualists appropriated a form developed by U.S. Protestant denominations in the early nineteenth century. Spiritualist camp meetings were located most densely in New England, but were also established across the upper Midwest. 144:

are gifted to carry on such communication, but that anyone may become a medium through study and practice. They believe that spirits are capable of growth and perfection, progressing through higher spheres or planes, and that the

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The first of these continued the tradition of individual practitioners, organised in circles centered on a medium and clients, without any hierarchy or dogma. Already by the late 19th century spiritualism had become increasingly

492:(1825–1875), a man of mixed race, who also played a part in the abolitionist movement. Nevertheless, many abolitionists and reformers held themselves aloof from the spiritualist movement; among the skeptics was abolitionist 958:

in 1891, "sufficiently bloody to suit the most fastidious taste", tells of a house believed to be haunted by the ghosts of three murder victims seeking revenge against their killer's son, who was eventually driven insane.

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The spiritualists' view of evolution did not stop at death. Spiritualism taught that after death spirits progressed to spiritual states in new spheres of existence. According to spiritualists, evolution occurred in the

7419: 1439:(SPR), parapsychologists emerged to investigate spiritualist claims. The SPR's investigations into spiritualism exposed many fraudulent mediums which contributed to the decline of interest in physical mediumship. 111:. It flourished for a half century without canonical texts or formal organization, attaining cohesion through periodicals, tours by trance lecturers, camp meetings, and the missionary activities of accomplished 336: 559:

was converted to spiritualism after "sittings" with the American medium Maria B. Hayden (credited with introducing spiritualism to England); Owen made a public profession of his new faith in his publication

1010:(1823–99) moved to the United States in 1855 and was active in spiritualist circles as a trance lecturer and organiser. She is best known as a chronicler of the movement's spread, especially in her 1884 244:

This region of New York State was an environment in which many thought direct communication with God or angels was possible, and that God would not behave harshly—for example, that God would not condemn

591: 7583: 651:. Founded in London in 1862, its focus was the scientific study of alleged paranormal activities in order to prove (or refute) the existence of paranormal phenomena. Members of the club included 1064:, Mary "May" E. Bangs (1862–1917) and Elizabeth "Lizzie" Snow Bangs (1859–1920), were two spiritualist mediums based in Chicago, who made a career out of painting the dead or "spirit portraits". 1172:) and falls into a process of progressive materialization (devolution), developing the mind and losing the spiritual consciousness. After the gathering of experience and growth through repeated 3493: 499:

Another social reform movement with significant spiritualist involvement was the effort to improve conditions of Native Americans. Kathryn Troy writes in a study of Indian ghosts in seances:

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and later wrote a pamphlet, "The future of the Human race; or great glorious and future revolution to be effected through the agency of departed spirits of good and superior men and women".

4926: 291:, that it was claimed could induce trances and cause subjects to report contact with supernatural beings. There was a great deal of professional showmanship inherent to demonstrations of 525:

produced through the new medium of photography, demonstrated that their loved ones had not only died in overwhelmingly huge numbers, but horribly as well. One well known case is that of

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Spiritualism also influenced art, having a pervasive influence on artistic consciousness, with spiritualist art having a huge impact on what became modernism and therefore art today.

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and credited her eventual recovery to intercession by spirits. An extremely popular trance lecturer, she traveled about the United States until her death in 1861. Sprague was an

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Theosophy and spiritualism were both very popular metaphysical schools of thought especially in the early 20th century and thus were always clashing in their different beliefs.

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Diversity of belief among organized spiritualists has led to a few schisms, the most notable occurring in the U.K. in 1957 between those who held the movement to be a religion

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beliefs, while others call themselves "Christian spiritualists", continuing with the tradition of cautiously incorporating spiritualist experiences into their Christian faith.

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believed qualitative novelties could arise through the process of spiritual evolution, in particular the phenomena of life and mind. Wallace attributed these novelties to a

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hand during her séances. The hand was later exposed as a trick when biologists found it to be made from a piece of carved animal liver. In 1934, the psychical researcher

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A number of spiritualist periodicals appeared in the nineteenth century, and these did much to hold the movement together. Among the most important were the weeklies the

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materialistic processes, in a 1909 magazine article entitled "The World of Life", which he later expanded into a book of the same name. Wallace argued in his 1911 book

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clergyman who, in the period from 1872 to 1883, filled 24 notebooks with automatic writing, much of which was said to describe conditions in the spirit world. However,

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when he discovered that the noises produced by her trumpet were caused by chemical explosions induced by potassium and water and in other cases by lycopodium powder.

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Spiritualism and its belief system were affirmed as covered by the Employment Equality Regulations 2003 at the United Kingdom Employment Appeal Tribunal in 2009.

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Formal education in spiritualist practice emerged in 1920s, with organizations like the William T. Stead Center in Chicago, Illinois, and continue today with the

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Strube, Julian (2016). "Socialist Religion and the Emergence of Occultism: A Genealogical Approach to Socialism and Secularization in 19th-Century France".

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As the spiritualism movement began to fade, partly through the publicity of fraud accusations and partly through the appeal of religious movements such as

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Spiritualists believe in the possibility of communication with the spirits of dead people, whom they regard as "discarnate humans". They believe that

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has some claim to be the father of spiritualism. The movement developed and reached its largest following from the 1840s to the 1920s, especially in

5634: 4836: 3711: 3513: 817:, featuring articles such as "Evenings at Home in Spiritual Séance", "Ghosts in Africa" and "Chronicles of Spirit Photography", advertisements for " 5020: 3660: 326:, dictated to a friend while in a trance state, eventually became the nearest thing to a canonical work in a spiritualist movement whose extreme 4995: 4946: 4858: 4031: 3542: 4262: 3616: 3586: 3057: 1864: 683:

wanted to develop a "spirit phone", an ethereal device that would summon to the living the voices of the dead and record them for posterity.

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Moore, William D. (1997). "'To Hold Communion with Nature and the Spirit-World:' New England's Spiritualist Camp Meetings, 1865–1910". In

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for a spiritual approach to evolution and described evolution as "creative power, directive mind and ultimate purpose". Wallace believed

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was critical of spiritualism; she distanced theosophy from spiritualism as far as she could and allied herself with eastern occultism.

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In the 1920s many "psychic" books were published of varied quality. Such books were often based on excursions initiated by the use of

949:, by Catherine Crowe, published in 1853, provided definitions and accounts of wraiths, doppelgängers, apparitions and haunted houses. 934:, attempted to view spiritualist phenomena from a scientific perspective, eschewing discussion on both theological and reform issues. 1381:

or the loosely allied group of denominations known as the spiritual church movement; in the U.K. the predominant organization is the

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and writers on magic have a long history of exposing the fraudulent methods of mediumship. During the 1920s, professional magician

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described the Crandon case as "the most ingenious, persistent, and fantastic complex of fraud in the history of psychic research."

364: 202:(NSA) at a convention in Chicago, Illinois. An additional two principles were added by the NSA in October 1909, at a convention in 1164:

is in opposition to the spiritualist interpretation of evolution. Theosophy teaches a metaphysical theory of evolution mixed with

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Prominent investigators who exposed cases of fraud came from a variety of backgrounds, including professional researchers such as

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Consequently, many early participants in spiritualism were radical Quakers and others involved in the mid-nineteenth-century

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Alvarado, Carlos S.; Biondi, Massimo; Kramer, Wim (2006). "Historical Notes on Psychic Phenomena in Specialised Journals".

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The Light: A Journal Devoted to the Highest Interests of Humanity, both Here and Hereafter, Vol I, January to December 1881

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Such links with reform movements, often radically socialist, had already been prepared in the 1840s, as the example of

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were Christian and conservative, openly rejecting the reform currents so strong within spiritualism. Others, such as

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Mainstream newspapers treated stories of ghosts and haunting as they would any other news story. An account in the

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Debora Hammond, The Science of Synthesis: Exploring the Social Implications of General Systems Theory, 2003, p. 39

1018:, a detailed account of claims and investigations of mediumship beginning with the earliest days of the movement. 444:. These reformers were uncomfortable with the more mainstream churches because those churches did little to fight 7374: 7262: 7255: 7098: 6697: 5759: 4909: 4769: 4735: 4725: 4252: 4036: 4011: 1371: 854: 620:

A number of scientists who investigated the phenomenon also became converts. They included chemist and physicist

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Perhaps the best known of those who combined Swedenborg and Mesmer in a peculiarly North American synthesis was

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By 1853, when the popular song "Spirit Rappings" was published, spiritualism was an object of intense curiosity.

7467: 6914: 6828: 6777: 6622: 6261: 5814: 5203: 4622: 2960: 2869: 1510: 1503: 1136: 489: 434: 315: 6707: 2173:"Three Forms of Thought; M.M. Mangassarian Addresses the Society for Ethical Culture at Carnegie Music Hall". 988:

was organised. This church can claim to be the main vestige of the movement left today in the United States.

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In addition, the movement appealed to reformers, who fortuitously found that the spirits favoured such causes

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In the years following the sensation that greeted the Fox sisters, demonstrations of mediumship (séances and

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Many families, "having no faith in ghosts", thereafter moved into the house, but all soon moved out again.

941:, by Charles Elliott, which contains "sketches of spirits and spiritual things", including accounts of the 7497: 7493: 7368: 7288: 7234: 6512: 5847: 5523: 4803: 4672: 4617: 4448: 4257: 4096: 4061: 3941: 3896: 3760: 1471: 1115: 1075: 1071: 1021: 570: 238: 36: 31:

This article is about a 19th and 20th century religious movement. For the concept of spiritual being, see

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Paschal Beverly Randolph: A Nineteenth-Century Black American Spiritualist, Rosicrucian, and Sex Magician

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Janet Oppenheim, The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914, 1988, p. 270

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Janet Oppenheim, The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914, 1988, p. 267

930:, were pointedly non-Christian and supportive of socialism and reform efforts. Still others, such as the 7568: 7442: 7322: 6652: 6556: 6326: 6289: 6241: 6129: 5127: 4408: 4313: 4091: 4086: 4001: 3971: 3921: 3795: 3755: 3672: 2895: 2775: 2263: 1302: 1215: 1007: 1000: 625: 4176: 3636: 2800:"Greater Manchester Police Authority v Alan Power [2009] UKEAT 0434_09_1211 (12 November 2009)" 2664:

Peter J. Bowler, Science for all: the popularization of science in early twentieth-century, 2009, p. 44

350: 3657: 2336: 1561: 7522: 7502: 7122: 7000: 6932: 6672: 6321: 5820: 5804: 5789: 5530: 5247: 4574: 4423: 4323: 4156: 4141: 3956: 3681: 3403: 2992: 2277: 969:. A few of these popular books displayed unorganized spiritualism, though most were less insightful. 842: 790: 710: 456: 299: 222: 115:. Many prominent spiritualists were women, and like most spiritualists, supported causes such as the 6767: 6398: 6336: 6246: 6183: 6093: 6081: 5699: 5694: 5654: 5513: 5181: 5095: 4498: 4288: 4283: 4222: 4026: 4021: 3745: 3731: 3420: 3214: 1993: 1906:, translated by Lilananda Dasa and Joseph Cudnik, Paris, Flammarion, 1995, pp. 65, 66, 68, 247–248. 1359: 1271: 1140: 1037: 985: 732: 410: 203: 161:

According to spiritualists, anyone may receive spirit messages, but formal communication sessions (

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humanity will regain the original spiritual state, which is now one of self-conscious perfection.

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and advocated their scientific study. Other prominent adherents included journalist and pacifist

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Victorian Women and the Theatre of Trance: Mediums, Spiritualists and Mesmerists in Performance

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Exploring Other Worlds: Margaret Fox, Elisha Kent Kane, and the Antebellum Culture of Curiosity

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After the 1920s, spiritualism evolved in three different directions, all of which exist today.

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The claims of spiritualists and others as to the reality of spirits were investigated by the

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popular in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, according to which an individual's

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Martin Fichman, An elusive Victorian: the evolution of Alfred Russel Wallace, 2004, p. 159

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Spiritualists often set March 31, 1848, as the beginning of their movement. On that date,

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The Other Side of Salvation: Spiritualism and the Nineteenth-Century Religious Experience

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Spook crooks! Exposing the secrets of the prophet-eers who conduct our wickedest industry

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Supernatural Entertainments: Victorian Spiritualism and the Rise of Modern Media Culture

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The Spiritualist Movement: Speaking with the Dead in America and around the World 3 Vols

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Ghosts, Apparitions and Poltergeists: An Exploration of the Supernatural through History

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as abolition of slavery, and equal rights for women. It also appealed to some who had a

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Mesmer did not contribute religious beliefs, but he brought a technique, later known as

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The Spiritualists: The Passion for the Occult in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

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Books on the supernatural were published for the growing middle class, such as 1852's

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by appearing in the audience during their shows and explaining how the trick was done.

648: 474: 90: 1053:(1857–1933) claimed to perform spiritualist phenomena such as movement of objects and 7562: 6527: 6428: 6020: 5925: 5444: 5377: 5306: 5171: 5062: 4697: 4637: 4483: 4433: 4398: 4393: 4338: 4298: 4151: 4111: 4101: 4056: 3936: 3891: 3881: 3856: 3815: 3765: 3289: 3222: 3168: 2316: 2025: 1331: 1205: 1190: 1061: 1033: 1029: 758: 744: 736: 694: 680: 576: 327: 307: 265: 165:) are held by mediums, who claim thereby to receive information about the afterlife. 155: 7380: 7154: 7130: 7074: 6980: 6742: 6647: 6637: 6537: 6502: 6482: 6423: 6351: 6236: 6139: 6086: 5744: 5674: 5587: 4652: 4528: 4353: 4318: 4303: 4293: 4201: 4161: 4136: 4066: 4051: 3966: 3931: 3901: 3861: 3836: 3785: 3391: 3256: 2978: 2824:

A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion

1323: 1243: 1232: 1219: 1103: 1085: 1067: 870: 826: 805: 672: 629: 356: 311: 277: 241:, although Millerism and Mormonism did not associate themselves with spiritualism. 116: 98: 32: 3299:

The Specter of the Indian: Race, Gender, and Ghosts in American Séances, 1848-1890

3281: 1186: 3597: 2946:. Vol. 27, no. 44. Nanaimo, Canada: Geo. Norris. p. 2 – via 2901:

Nineteenth Century Miracles: Spirits and Their Work in Every Country of the Earth

1849: 1012:

Nineteenth Century Miracles: Spirits and Their Work in Every Country of the Earth

7542: 7457: 7220: 6720: 6632: 6561: 6497: 6453: 6271: 6226: 6179: 6113: 5957: 5920: 5774: 5754: 5664: 5572: 5535: 5503: 5498: 5486: 5363: 5112: 4720: 4657: 4642: 4503: 4493: 4468: 4196: 4191: 4006: 3961: 3946: 3846: 3685: 3336: 3244: 2142:"Dead Spiritualist Silent; Detroit Woman Awaits Message, but Denies Any Compact" 1829:

Preliminary Report of the Commission Appointed by the University of Pennsylvania

1509:

The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

1201: 1119: 1107: 1092: 838: 830: 783: 676: 660: 612: 556: 549: 538: 530: 406: 392: 385: 690:, founded in London in 1882. The society set up a Committee on Haunted Houses. 521:, fraud was widespread, and some of these cases were prosecuted in the courts. 6785: 6692: 6667: 6627: 6221: 5992: 5977: 5972: 5940: 5915: 5779: 5734: 5714: 5709: 5547: 5540: 5518: 5459: 5434: 5429: 5407: 5323: 5072: 4647: 4533: 4388: 4126: 4041: 3991: 3775: 3118: 2939: 2866:

Radical Spirits: Spiritualism and Women's Rights in Nineteenth-Century America

2752: 2084: 1298: 1169: 459:

shows. After 1848, many socialists became ardent spiritualists or occultists.

319: 186: 182: 178: 162: 141: 112: 3696: 3538: 3509: 3149: 7483: 7452: 7447: 7385: 7186: 6448: 6279: 6170: 5967: 5952: 5935: 5930: 5910: 5794: 5769: 5739: 5729: 5719: 5582: 5508: 5481: 5476: 5454: 5424: 5419: 5328: 5117: 4594: 4181: 3996: 3976: 3365: 2887: 2744: 1131: 1070:(1888–1941), a spiritualist medium in the 1920s, was known for producing an 846: 818: 303: 288: 234: 230: 146: 70: 47: 5067: 3780: 3556:

Exploring Everyday Landscapes: Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture, VII

3001:. New York: S. S. Lyon and W. Fishbough – via University of Michigan. 1917:"W.T. Stead and Spiritualism – The W.T. Stead Resource Site" 1200:; she dismissed evolution in her lectures and instead supported a type of 302:, who called his system the "harmonial philosophy". Davis was a practising 189:, published in the United States, also blamed spiritualism for causing the 78: 2163:, London Spiritualist Alliance, Eclectic Publishing Company: London, 1882. 380: 7547: 6800: 6433: 6015: 5962: 5863: 5764: 5659: 5402: 5279: 4786: 4776: 3690: 3077:

Guthrie, John J. Jr.; Lucas, Phillip Charles; Monroe, Gary, eds. (2000).

1827: 1236: 1025: 735:

exposed fraudulent mediums' tricks, such as those used in slate-writing,

86: 3249:

Sixty Years Of Psychical Research: Houdini and I Among the Spiritualists

2998:

The Principles of Nature, Her Divine Revelations, and a Voice to Mankind

1388: 877:, is the most notable spiritualist camp meeting in the southern states. 420: 324:

The Principles of Nature, Her Divine Revelations, and a Voice to Mankind

6790: 6492: 6403: 6251: 6198: 6134: 6028: 5749: 5679: 5669: 5439: 5333: 5318: 5284: 5122: 4559: 1933:

Underwood, Peter (1978) "Dictionary of the Supernatural", Harrap Ltd.,

1456: 724: 445: 430: 246: 647:

Doyle, who lost his son Kingsley in World War I, was also a member of

6861: 6738: 6301: 5888: 5809: 5724: 5689: 5643: 5562: 5054: 4897: 4793: 3820: 3630: 2379:

The Thought Reader Craze: Victorian Science at the Enchanted Boundary

1032:

was skeptical of his alleged ability to communicate with spirits and

462:

The most popular trance lecturer prior to the American Civil War was

414: 2984:

The Question: A Brief History and Examination of Modern Spiritualism

3142:

The Drama of Life After Death: A Study of the Spiritualist Religion

739:, trumpet mediumship, materializations, sealed-letter reading, and 6294: 6144: 6035: 6010: 5905: 5684: 5387: 5274: 5193: 4887: 4590: 1846:

Later Leaves: Being the Further Reminiscences of Montagu Williams.

1387: 1185: 1102:

Another well-known medium was the Scottish materialization medium

1080: 995: 966: 800: 664: 488:

Another spiritualist and trance medium prior to the Civil War was

429: 419: 379: 256: 209:

In the UK, the main organization representing spiritualism is the

172: 74: 53: 5612: 1262:

which revived a large interest for the public in the paranormal.

541:, was a direct response to those massive battlefield casualties. 6522: 6305: 6175: 5198: 7401: 6865: 6587: 5874: 5836: 5616: 5236: 4563: 3700: 3670:

Video and Images of the original Fox Family historic home site.

3602:(5 ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Printing Products Corporation. 2557: 2555: 537:. The surge of Spiritualism during this time, and later during 318:. He was also strongly influenced by the socialist theories of 6662: 6149: 6049: 5263: 3523:"Scientific investigation and Religious Uncertainty 1880–1900" 3206: 3113:(PhD dissertation). Dept. of Anthropology, Cornell University. 2938:

Campbell, Geo.; Hardy, Thomas; Milmokre, Jas. (June 6, 1900).

2444:

The Search for Psychic Power: ESP and Parapsychology Revisited

1486: 151: 94: 3669: 2261:"Dreadful Tale of a Haunted Man in Newton County, Missouri", 1130:

Spiritualists reacted with an uncertainty to the theories of

751:(1920), documented many fraudulent mediums and their tricks. 3375:

Lily Dale: the True Story of the Town that talks to the Dead

1246:

also promoted a version of spiritual evolution in his books

529:

who, grieving the loss of her son, organized séances in the

5832: 1036:

described Moses as a "deliberate impostor", suggesting his

628:(1823–1913) and physicist Sir Oliver Lodge. Nobel laureate 2687:"The medium's medium: The artists who 'spoke' to the dead" 552:

orientation and rejected organized religion. In 1854 the

330:

precluded the development of a single coherent worldview.

3691:"Spiritualism Exposed: Margaret Fox Kane Confesses Fraud" 1122:, rubber gloves, and cut-out heads from magazine covers. 101:"—specific spirits relied upon for spiritual direction. 3611:. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. 3494:"Spiritualism: Innocent Beliefs to Scientific Curiosity" 1649:"Arthur Conan Doyle – The History of Spiritualism Vol I" 154:

and the afterlife. Many believers therefore speak of "

5232: 2065:

Hours With the Ghosts Or Nineteenth Century Witchcraft

7584:

Religious belief systems founded in the United States

1680: 213:, whose teachings are based on the Seven Principles. 3079:

Cassadaga: the South's Oldest Spiritualist Community

2223: 1969:

Arthur C. Clarke's world of strange powers, Volume 3

1095:(1859–1942) was exposed as a fraud by the physicist 7511: 7476: 7435: 7349: 7306: 7273: 7205: 7050: 6999: 6908: 6814: 6776: 6729: 6706: 6598: 6536: 6412: 6364: 6314: 6270: 6197: 6158: 6122: 6059: 6048: 6001: 5896: 5887: 5159: 5136: 5088: 5034: 5008: 4983: 4967: 4872: 4824: 4713: 4690: 4681: 4610: 4271: 4210: 3829: 3738: 2250:

The Night Side of Nature, or Ghosts and Ghost-seers

1435:Already as early as 1882, with the founding of the 2732: 2716:"Art View; How the Spiritual Infused the Abstract" 2199: 1966: 1952:"Thomas Edison Had an Idea to Speak with the Dead" 1040:and all of his feats were the result of trickery. 902:(London). Other influential periodicals were the 632:was impressed by the mediumistic performances of 477:, Vermont. At the age of 20, she became ill with 221:Spiritualism first appeared in the 1840s in the " 3652:"American Spirit: A History of the Supernatural" 2749:A Critical Historical Overview of Parapsychology 3102:Psychic Facts: A Selection from Various Authors 2780:The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits 1154:In a talk at the London Spiritualist Alliance, 35:. For beliefs about matter and the spirit, see 3658:Open Directory Project page for "Spiritualism" 3227:Modern Spiritualism: A History and a Criticism 3188:Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology 945:, the Lane ghost, and the Rochester rappings. 533:which were attended by her husband, President 7413: 6877: 5848: 5628: 5248: 4575: 4238:National Spiritualist Association of Churches 3712: 3318:New Age, Neopagan and New Religious Movements 2284:. US: E. P. Dutton & Co. pp. 14–15. 1406:College at Stansted Hall in England, and the 1379:National Spiritualist Association of Churches 8: 7429:New religious movements in the United States 3261:Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology 1859: 1857: 229:, where earlier religious movements such as 127:in the U.S., Canada and the United Kingdom. 3596:National Spiritualist Association (1934) . 3320:. Oakland: University of California Press. 3229:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. 2827:. New Haven/London: Yale University Press. 2623:. The Alfred Russel Wallace Page hosted by 2499:An Illustrated History of the Haunted World 1057:. All of his feats were exposed as tricks. 7420: 7406: 7398: 6884: 6870: 6862: 6595: 6584: 6311: 6056: 5893: 5884: 5871: 5855: 5841: 5833: 5635: 5621: 5613: 5255: 5241: 5233: 4687: 4582: 4568: 4560: 3719: 3705: 3697: 3527:Journal of Religion and Psychical Research 3498:Journal of Religion and Psychical Research 3191:. Vol. 2 (5th ed.). Gale Group. 2959:. Religion in North America. Bloomington: 2237:Mysteries, or Glimpses of the Supernatural 2049:Spirit Slate Writing and Kindred Phenomena 1590: 1322:Spiritualism also inspired the pioneering 284:Christianity and introduce a new church." 4248:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain 3338:The Scientific Aspect of the Supernatural 2321:Spiritualism: A Popular History From 1847 1664: 1662: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1533:Learn how and when to remove this message 1368:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain 1284:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain 1112:National Laboratory of Psychical Research 808:Chicago women discuss spiritualism (1906) 703:National Laboratory of Psychical Research 3341:. London: F. Farrah – via wku.edu. 2597:Gerald Massey: Poet, Prophet, and Mystic 2211: 1752: 1728: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 837:of the camp meetings were Camp Etna, in 719: 3350:(1st ed.). San Francisco: Harper. 2582: 2479:Hellish Nell: Last of Britain's Witches 2341:. Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 101–127 2304: 2150:. Detroit. February 8, 1921. p. 3. 1890: 1788: 1704: 1668: 1594: 1550: 1212:'s theory of evolution was incomplete. 977:churches harboured many spiritualists. 566: 332: 3301:. State University of New York Press. 3160:The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism 3123:A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology 2757:A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology 2462: 2187: 2009: 1998:The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism 1878: 1799: 1797: 1776: 1764: 1692: 1635: 1557: 1196:One medium who rejected evolution was 448:and even less to advance the cause of 4263:International Spiritualist Federation 3682:"Investigating Spirit Communications" 3492:Lindgren, Carl Edwin (January 1994). 3059:The History of Spiritualism, volume 2 3035:The History of Spiritualism, volume 1 2714:Brenson, Michael (21 December 1986). 2652: 2537: 2323:. Dodd, Mead and Company. pp. 151–173 1740: 1716: 973:Christian churches, and particularly 640:(1849–1912) and physician and author 473:, who was born November 17, 1827, in 272:In this environment, the writings of 7: 2673: 2570: 2350: 2239:, Harper & Bros: New York, 1852. 2128: 1965:John Fairley, Simon Welfare (1984). 1815: 624:(1832–1919), evolutionary biologist 4218:List of Spiritualist organizations 3521:Lindgren, Carl Edwin (March 1994). 2995:(1852) . Fishbough, William (ed.). 2599:. Boston: Arena Publishing Company. 2103:. New York: Macfadden Publications. 1803: 1681:Campbell, Hardy & Milmokre 1900 485:and an advocate of women's rights. 211:Spiritualists' National Union (SNU) 3012:State University of New York Press 2957:Spiritualism in Antebellum America 2857:100 Years of National Spiritualism 2844:European Journal of Parapsychology 2224:Alvarado, Biondi & Kramer 2006 1467:List of spiritualist organizations 25: 7171:A Duet, with an Occasional Chorus 6941:The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes 6420:Attributes of God in Christianity 3444:University of Massachusetts Press 2859:. The Headquarters Publishing Co. 2501:. New Holland Publishers. p. 79. 2422:. Llewellyn Publications. p. 52. 1866:The History of Spiritualism Vol I 671:were attended by an enthusiastic 276:(1688–1772) and the teachings of 200:National Spiritualist Association 177:Spiritualism was equated by some 7147:The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard 6989:The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes 6847: 5598: 5217: 5216: 3693: – Skeptic Report 3577:Moreman, Christopher M. (2013). 2733:Guthrie, Lucas & Monroe 2000 2703:. Lenbachhaus. 2019. p. 80. 2377:. Also see Barry Wiley. (2012). 2369:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 114. 2200:Guthrie, Lucas & Monroe 2000 2177:. 29 November 1897. p. 200. 2119:. New York, D. Kemp and Company. 1491: 1114:; photographs revealed Duncan's 605: 590: 569: 370:Andrew Jackson Davis, about 1860 363: 349: 335: 249:infants to an eternity in Hell. 6478:Great Architect of the Universe 3335:Wallace, Alfred Russel (1866). 3263:. Kessinger Publishing Company. 3174:Is Spiritualism Based on Fraud? 3111:Spiritism and Science in Brazil 2940:"Baer-Spiritualistic Challenge" 2821:Albanese, Catherine L. (2007). 2782:. Guinness Publishing. p. 311. 2521:. Aquarian Press. pp. 137–144. 2519:Spiritualism: A Critical Survey 2399:Spiritualism: A Critical Survey 2367:Physical Phenomena of Mysticism 1832:, The Seybert Commission, 1887. 1204:spiritualism. The spiritualist 749:Is Spiritualism Based on Fraud? 727:exposed the tricks of "mediums" 198:Principles" was adopted by the 27:19th-century religious movement 7538:The Power of Positive Thinking 7214:J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement 6949:The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes 3006:Deveney, John Patrick (1997). 2759:. Prometheus Books. pp. 3–96. 1437:Society for Psychical Research 1280:Survivalism (life after death) 699:Society for Psychical Research 688:Society for Psychical Research 1: 6965:The Return of Sherlock Holmes 6957:The Hound of the Baskervilles 6257:Trinity of the Church Fathers 5359:Negative and positive atheism 5349:Implicit and explicit atheism 5151:Hammersmith Ghost murder case 4243:Spiritualists' National Union 3632:The case against spiritualism 3560:University of Tennessee Press 3282:10.1080/0048721X.2016.1146926 2904:. New York: William Britten. 2868:(2nd ed.). Bloomington: 2000:. Herbert B. Turner & Co. 1410:in Wisconsin, United States. 1383:Spiritualists' National Union 1364:Spiritualists' National Union 1276:Spiritualists' National Union 888:Religio-Philosophical Journal 849:, in western New York State; 580: 562:The Rational Quarterly Review 264:. Painting by Swedish artist 97:. Some spiritualists follow " 4233:London Spiritualist Alliance 3398:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 2446:. Prometheus Books. p. 245. 2338:The Psychology of Conviction 2022:A Magician Among the Spirits 1731:, pp. 171–176, 208–218. 1016:Modern American Spiritualism 18:Modern Spiritualist movement 7249:The Terror of Blue John Gap 7059:The Narrative of John Smith 6508:Phenomenological definition 5049:Electronic voice phenomenon 4842:locations in United Kingdom 3456:The History of Spiritualism 3410:. New York: Hawthorn Books. 3104:. London: Ballantyne Press. 3083:University Press of Florida 2625:Western Kentucky University 2252:, Redfield: New York, 1853. 2117:Inside the Medium's Cabinet 1869:, Arthur Conan Doyle, 1926. 655:, Sir William Crookes, Sir 7600: 7163:The Tragedy of the Korosko 7041:The Disintegration Machine 5370:Theological noncognitivism 3554:; Sally MacMurray (eds.). 3415:Buescher, John B. (2003). 3408:The Heyday of Spiritualism 3373:Wicker, Christine (2004). 3346:Weisberg, Barbara (2004). 3213:(television documentary). 3144:. Henry Holt and Company. 2919:Butt, G. Baseden (2013) . 2401:. Aquarian Press. p. 105. 2028:, Arno Press (June 1987), 1428: 1357: 1312: 1269: 1260:Raymond, or Life and Death 1091:The American voice medium 109:English-speaking countries 29: 7381:The Great Wyrley Outrages 7263:Danger! and Other Stories 7256:The Horror of the Heights 7099:The Doings of Raffles Haw 6899: 6845: 6594: 6583: 5883: 5870: 5650: 5596: 5270: 5212: 4601: 4253:Spiritual church movement 3177:. London: Watts & Co. 3163:. London: Watts & Co. 2987:. London: Grant Richards. 2955:Carroll, Bret E. (1997). 2481:. Fourth Estate. p. 100. 1842:Williams, Montagu Stephen 1372:Spiritual church movement 855:Wonewoc Spiritualist Camp 731:The psychical researcher 469:Another spiritualist was 169:Declaration of Principles 81:. The afterlife, or the " 41:Spiritualism (philosophy) 6262:Trinitarian universalism 5021:Ancient Egyptian culture 3458:. New York: Arno Press. 3377:. San Francisco: Harper. 3100:Harrison, W. H. (1880). 3062:. New York: G.H. Doran. 3038:. New York: G.H. Doran. 2961:Indiana University Press 2870:Indiana University Press 2619:Wallace, Alfred Russel. 2517:Simeon Edmunds. (1966). 2397:Simeon Edmunds. (1966). 2235:Charles Wyllys Elliott, 1653:classic-literature.co.uk 947:The Night Side of Nature 713:. Maskelyne exposed the 600:. Photo published 1904. 490:Paschal Beverly Randolph 435:Paschal Beverly Randolph 316:Blooming Grove, New York 46:Not to be confused with 7574:New religious movements 7315:FairyTale: A True Story 7228:The Case of Lady Sannox 7139:The Stark Munro Letters 7083:The Firm of Girdlestone 7067:The Mystery of Cloomber 7034:When the World Screamed 6464:Godhead in Christianity 5044:Apparitional experience 4519:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts 4384:Carlos María de Heredia 3607:Natale, Simone (2016). 3316:Urban, Hugh B. (2015). 3211:Telegrams from the Dead 3140:Lawton, George (1932). 2067:. Kessinger Publishing. 1921:attackingthedevil.co.uk 1477:Spiritualism in fiction 916:El Criterio Espiritista 912:Annali dello Spiritismo 867:Montague, Massachusetts 701:and Harry Price of the 237:had emerged during the 79:contacted by the living 7369:Charles Altamont Doyle 7289:The Crime of the Congo 7235:The Club-Footed Grocer 5524:Naturalistic pantheism 4673:Procession of the dead 4449:Charles Arthur Mercier 4258:Arthur Findlay College 4097:William Stainton Moses 4062:Gladys Osborne Leonard 3637:Hodder & Stoughton 3438:Chapin, David (2004). 3297:Troy, Kathryn (2017). 2923:. Literary Licensing. 2896:Britten, Emma Hardinge 2595:Flower, B. O. (1895). 2101:Spirit Mediums Exposed 1472:New religious movement 1408:Morris Pratt Institute 1399: 1256:Evolution and Creation 1193: 1088: 1076:Walter Franklin Prince 1022:William Stainton Moses 1003: 841:; Onset Bay Grove, in 809: 728: 509:Believers and skeptics 506: 437: 427: 388: 269: 239:Second Great Awakening 194: 136:Mediumship and spirits 65:is a social religious 59: 37:Spiritualism (beliefs) 7443:Purification movement 7323:Photographing Fairies 6290:Fate of the unlearned 6242:Shield of the Trinity 5128:Paranormal television 4837:locations in Scotland 4409:Stanley LeFevre Krebs 4314:Milbourne Christopher 4223:Spiritualist churches 4092:Lorin Morgan-Richards 4087:William Usborne Moore 3756:Cross-Correspondences 3157:Mann, Walter (1919). 2993:Davis, Andrew Jackson 2418:Brian Righi. (2008). 2278:White, Stewart Edward 2264:Chicago Daily Tribune 2051:. Munn & Company. 1391: 1216:Alfred Russel Wallace 1189: 1084: 1008:Emma Hardinge Britten 1001:Emma Hardinge Britten 999: 955:Chicago Daily Tribune 804: 723: 626:Alfred Russel Wallace 501: 433: 423: 393:Kate and Margaret Fox 383: 376:Reform-movement links 260: 253:Swedenborg and Mesmer 176: 125:spiritualist churches 57: 7523:Azusa Street Revival 7503:Ghost Dance movement 7179:Adventures of Gerard 7001:Professor Challenger 6933:The Sign of the Four 5790:Religious naturalism 5531:Philosophical theism 5113:Stories about ghosts 4937:District of Columbia 4424:John Nevil Maskelyne 4324:Edmund Smith Conklin 3473:Lehman, Amy (2009). 3209:(October 19, 1994). 3125:. Prometheus Books. 3109:Hess, David (1987). 2864:Braude, Ann (2001). 2855:Bassett, J. (1990). 2497:Jason Karl. (2007). 2381:. McFarland. p. 35. 1863:Arthur Conan Doyle, 1248:Man and the Universe 894:(Philadelphia), the 843:Onset, Massachusetts 797:Unorganized movement 791:Thomas Lynn Bradford 711:John Nevil Maskelyne 457:Andrew Jackson Davis 300:Andrew Jackson Davis 223:Burned-over District 117:abolition of slavery 7498:Jehovah's Witnesses 7339:Houdini & Doyle 7331:Arthur & George 6824:Slavic Native Faith 6247:Trinitarian formula 6184:Father of Greatness 6067:Abrahamic religions 5514:Classical pantheism 5182:Kardecist spiritism 5026:Classical antiquity 4499:Julien J. Proskauer 4289:George Miller Beard 4284:John Henry Anderson 4022:Daniel Dunglas Home 3739:History and beliefs 3599:Spiritualist Manual 3452:Doyle, Arthur Conan 3421:Skinner House Books 3348:Talking to the Dead 3215:American Experience 3081:. Gainesville, FL: 3054:Doyle, Arthur Conan 3030:Doyle, Arthur Conan 2585:, pp. 135–136. 2353:, pp. 115–130. 2307:, pp. 283–287. 1994:Hereward Carrington 1385:, founded in 1890. 1360:Spiritualist church 1354:Spiritualist church 1272:Spiritualist Church 1141:spiritual evolution 1049:The British medium 986:Spiritualist Church 733:Hereward Carrington 705:, and professional 204:Rochester, New York 7357:Adrian Conan Doyle 6973:The Valley of Fear 6925:A Study in Scarlet 6893:Arthur Conan Doyle 6786:Abrahamic prophecy 6716:Ayyavazhi theology 6488:Apophatic theology 5877:Conceptions of God 5465:Ethical monotheism 5297:Conceptions of God 5096:Films about ghosts 5080:Spirit photography 4539:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett 4374:William A. Hammond 4177:Stanisława Tomczyk 4167:Emanuel Swedenborg 4117:Ethel Post-Parrish 4082:Francis Ward Monck 3927:Arthur Conan Doyle 3801:Spirit photography 3684: – 3675:2012-06-24 at the 3663:2009-04-02 at the 3635:. United Kingdom: 2944:Nanaimo Free Press 2720:The New York Times 2267:, January 4, 1891. 2175:The New York Times 2147:The New York Times 1462:List of channelers 1425:Psychical research 1400: 1393:Arthur Conan Doyle 1344:Georgiana Houghton 1231:could not explain 1194: 1097:Kristian Birkeland 1089: 1004: 943:Salem witch trials 924:Spiritual Magazine 920:Harbinger of Light 898:(London), and the 875:Cassadaga, Florida 859:Wonewoc, Wisconsin 853:, in Indiana; the 810: 741:spirit photography 729: 715:Davenport brothers 657:William F. Barrett 642:Arthur Conan Doyle 519:Seybert Commission 494:Frederick Douglass 442:reforming movement 438: 428: 403:Amy and Isaac Post 389: 343:Emanuel Swedenborg 274:Emanuel Swedenborg 270: 195: 191:American Civil War 105:Emanuel Swedenborg 93:and the nature of 71:awareness persists 60: 7556: 7555: 7489:Christian Science 7395: 7394: 7342:(2016 miniseries) 7334:(2015 miniseries) 7296:The Vital Message 7091:The White Company 6859: 6858: 6841: 6840: 6837: 6836: 6579: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6470:Latter Day Saints 6439:Divine simplicity 6360: 6359: 6217:Consubstantiality 6193: 6192: 6044: 6043: 5988:Theistic finitism 5830: 5829: 5705:Feminist theology 5610: 5609: 5568:Theistic finitism 5494:Nontrinitarianism 5344:Christian atheism 5230: 5229: 5004: 5003: 4663:Residual haunting 4628:Haunted locations 4618:Ancestral spirits 4557: 4556: 4544:Lyttelton Winslow 4509:Donovan Rawcliffe 4474:E. Clephan Palmer 4444:Georgess McHargue 4334:Stuart Cumberland 4309:William Carpenter 4228:Spiritist centres 4187:George Valiantine 4107:Eusapia Palladino 4077:Carmine Mirabelli 4037:Swami Laura Horos 3987:Kathleen Goligher 3912:Geraldine Cummins 3867:Stephen E. Braude 3806:Spirit possession 3791:Spiritual healing 3751:Automatic writing 3618:978-0-271-07104-6 3588:978-0-313-39947-3 3183:Melton, J. Gordon 2248:Catherine Crowe, 2226:, pp. 61–63. 1543: 1542: 1535: 1229:natural selection 1044:Eusapia Palladino 1024:(1839–92) was an 982:Christian science 918:(Spain), and the 851:Camp Chesterfield 789:In February 1921 669:Eusapia Palladino 634:Eusapia Palladino 554:utopian socialist 527:Mary Todd Lincoln 515:automatic writing 322:. His 1847 book, 16:(Redirected from 7591: 7422: 7415: 7408: 7399: 7363:Jean Conan Doyle 7195:The Maracot Deep 7115:The Great Shadow 7026:The Land of Mist 6886: 6879: 6872: 6863: 6851: 6596: 6585: 6472: 6312: 6207:Athanasian Creed 6057: 5894: 5885: 5872: 5857: 5850: 5843: 5834: 5785:Process theology 5637: 5630: 5623: 5614: 5602: 5553:Skeptical theism 5393:Ceremonial deism 5383:Classical theism 5371: 5339:Agnostic atheism 5257: 5250: 5243: 5234: 5220: 5219: 4688: 4633:Haunted highways 4584: 4577: 4570: 4561: 4489:Massimo Polidoro 4439:Henry C. McComas 4344:Joseph Dunninger 4122:James Van Praagh 4012:Gordon Higginson 3952:William Eglinton 3796:Spirit obsession 3721: 3714: 3707: 3698: 3640: 3622: 3603: 3592: 3573: 3546: 3541:. Archived from 3517: 3512:. Archived from 3488: 3469: 3447: 3434: 3411: 3399: 3378: 3369: 3342: 3331: 3312: 3293: 3264: 3252: 3240: 3218: 3202: 3178: 3164: 3153: 3136: 3114: 3105: 3096: 3073: 3049: 3025: 3002: 2988: 2974: 2951: 2934: 2921:Madame Blavatsky 2915: 2891: 2860: 2851: 2838: 2808: 2807: 2796: 2790: 2773: 2767: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2631: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2550: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2529: 2515: 2509: 2495: 2489: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2437: 2431: 2416: 2410: 2395: 2389: 2363:Montague Summers 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2330: 2324: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2274: 2268: 2259: 2253: 2246: 2240: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2113:Joseph Dunninger 2110: 2104: 2094: 2088: 2077:Julien Proskauer 2074: 2068: 2058: 2052: 2042: 2036: 2019: 2013: 2007: 2001: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1972: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1942: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1913: 1907: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1870: 1861: 1852: 1839: 1833: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1657: 1656: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1598: 1592: 1565: 1555: 1538: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1518: 1495: 1494: 1487: 1336:Kasimir Malevich 1328:Vasily Kandinsky 1315:Spiritualist art 1309:Spiritualist art 1198:Cora L. V. Scott 1181:Madame Blavatsky 1166:human devolution 1118:to be made from 1055:materializations 1051:William Eglinton 823:patent medicines 780:Joseph Dunninger 772:Julien Proskauer 638:William T. Stead 609: 594: 585: 582: 573: 471:Achsa W. Sprague 464:Cora L. V. Scott 425:Cora L. V. Scott 407:Hicksite Quakers 367: 353: 339: 227:upstate New York 121:women's suffrage 51: 44: 21: 7599: 7598: 7594: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7589: 7588: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7552: 7533:Nation of Islam 7528:Moorish Science 7507: 7472: 7431: 7426: 7396: 7391: 7345: 7302: 7269: 7201: 7107:Beyond the City 7046: 7018:The Poison Belt 6995: 6912: 6910:Sherlock Holmes 6904: 6895: 6890: 6860: 6855: 6853:Religion portal 6833: 6810: 6772: 6753:Holy Scriptures 6725: 6702: 6590: 6571: 6532: 6468: 6444:Divine presence 6408: 6356: 6310: 6266: 6212:Comma Johanneum 6189: 6154: 6118: 6052: 6040: 5997: 5879: 5866: 5861: 5831: 5826: 5646: 5641: 5611: 5606: 5604:Religion portal 5592: 5470:Post-monotheism 5398:Christian deism 5369: 5314:Agnostic theism 5266: 5261: 5231: 5226: 5208: 5155: 5145:Booty v Barnaby 5132: 5089:Popular culture 5084: 5030: 5000: 4979: 4963: 4920:Day of the Dead 4868: 4859:Slavic religion 4820: 4709: 4683: 4677: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4558: 4553: 4549:Richard Wiseman 4479:Ronald Pearsall 4459:John Mulholland 4414:Rose Mackenberg 4379:C. E. M. Hansel 4364:G. Stanley Hall 4267: 4206: 4172:Rosina Thompson 4132:Estelle Roberts 4072:Heinrich Melzer 4047:James H. Hyslop 4017:Richard Hodgson 3907:William Crookes 3825: 3771:Materialization 3734: 3725: 3677:Wayback Machine 3665:Wayback Machine 3648: 3643: 3625: 3619: 3606: 3595: 3589: 3576: 3570: 3549: 3520: 3491: 3485: 3472: 3466: 3450: 3437: 3431: 3414: 3402: 3390: 3386: 3384:Further reading 3381: 3372: 3358: 3345: 3334: 3328: 3315: 3309: 3296: 3267: 3255: 3251:. Truth Seeker. 3243: 3237: 3221: 3205: 3199: 3181: 3167: 3156: 3139: 3133: 3117: 3108: 3099: 3093: 3076: 3070: 3052: 3046: 3028: 3022: 3005: 2991: 2977: 2971: 2954: 2937: 2931: 2918: 2912: 2894: 2880: 2863: 2854: 2841: 2835: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2776:Rosemary Guiley 2774: 2770: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2701:World Receivers 2699: 2698: 2694: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2629: 2627: 2621:"World of Life" 2618: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2536: 2532: 2516: 2512: 2496: 2492: 2475:Malcolm Gaskill 2473: 2469: 2461: 2457: 2440:C. E. M. Hansel 2438: 2434: 2417: 2413: 2396: 2392: 2361: 2357: 2349: 2345: 2331: 2327: 2315: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2292: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2260: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2234: 2230: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2159: 2155: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2127: 2123: 2111: 2107: 2095: 2091: 2075: 2071: 2059: 2055: 2043: 2039: 2020: 2016: 2008: 2004: 1992: 1988: 1981: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1954:. 8 March 2015. 1950: 1949: 1945: 1932: 1928: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1901: 1897: 1889: 1885: 1877: 1873: 1862: 1855: 1840: 1836: 1826: 1822: 1814: 1810: 1802: 1795: 1787: 1783: 1775: 1771: 1763: 1759: 1751: 1747: 1739: 1735: 1727: 1723: 1715: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1691: 1687: 1679: 1675: 1667: 1660: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1634: 1601: 1593: 1568: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1539: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1508: 1502:has an unclear 1496: 1492: 1485: 1453: 1445: 1433: 1427: 1397:Sherlock Holmes 1374: 1358:Main articles: 1356: 1348:František Kupka 1317: 1311: 1294: 1286: 1270:Main articles: 1268: 1266:After the 1920s 1156:John Page Hopps 1128: 1014:, and her 1870 994: 892:Mind and Matter 883:Banner of Light 799: 653:Charles Dickens 622:William Crookes 616: 610: 601: 598:William Crookes 595: 586: 583: 574: 535:Abraham Lincoln 511: 479:rheumatic fever 378: 371: 368: 359: 354: 345: 340: 262:Hypnotic séance 255: 219: 171: 138: 133: 52: 45: 30: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7597: 7595: 7587: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7561: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7519:Pentecostalism 7515: 7513: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7505: 7500: 7494:Bible Students 7491: 7486: 7480: 7478: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7470: 7468:Rosicrucianism 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7439: 7437: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7417: 7410: 7402: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7389: 7383: 7378: 7372: 7366: 7360: 7353: 7351: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7343: 7335: 7327: 7319: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7292: 7285: 7282:The Inner Room 7277: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7259: 7252: 7245: 7242:The Brown Hand 7238: 7231: 7224: 7217: 7209: 7207: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7199: 7191: 7183: 7175: 7167: 7159: 7151: 7143: 7135: 7127: 7119: 7111: 7103: 7095: 7087: 7079: 7071: 7063: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7022: 7014: 7010:The Lost World 7005: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6985: 6977: 6969: 6961: 6953: 6945: 6937: 6929: 6920: 6918: 6906: 6905: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6891: 6889: 6888: 6881: 6874: 6866: 6857: 6856: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6820: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6782: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6763:Predestination 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6735: 6733: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6712: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6618:Biblical canon 6615: 6610: 6604: 6602: 6592: 6591: 6588: 6581: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6543: 6541: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6416: 6414: 6413:Other concepts 6410: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6370: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6318: 6316: 6309: 6308: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6287: 6285:Apocalypticism 6282: 6276: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6203: 6201: 6199:Trinitarianism 6195: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6173: 6168: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6114:Zoroastrianism 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6063: 6061: 6054: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6038: 6033: 6032: 6031: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5946:Urmonotheismus 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5891: 5881: 5880: 5875: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5852: 5845: 5837: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5824: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5644:Belief systems 5642: 5640: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5617: 5608: 5607: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5578:Trinitarianism 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5533: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5467: 5457: 5452: 5450:Liberal theism 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5415:Dipolar theism 5412: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5354:Jewish atheism 5351: 5346: 5341: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5260: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5237: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5189:The Ghost Club 5186: 5185: 5184: 5174: 5169: 5167:Fear of ghosts 5163: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5140: 5138: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5092: 5090: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5065: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5046: 5040: 5038: 5036:Parapsychology 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5012: 5010: 5006: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4977: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4903:Ghost sickness 4900: 4892: 4891: 4890: 4882: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4855: 4854: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4784: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4757: 4755:Ghost Festival 4752: 4751: 4750: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4723: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4707: 4702:South Africa ( 4700: 4694: 4692: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4668:Vengeful ghost 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4643:Haunted trains 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4614: 4612: 4611:Manifestations 4608: 4607: 4604:List of ghosts 4602: 4599: 4598: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4579: 4572: 4564: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4524:Chung Ling Soo 4521: 4516: 4514:Joseph F. Rinn 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4464:Fulton Oursler 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4429:Henry Maudsley 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4404:Joseph Jastrow 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4369:Trevor H. Hall 4366: 4361: 4359:Martin Gardner 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4329:Millais Culpin 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4299:Lionel Branson 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4147:Rudi Schneider 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4027:Elizabeth Hope 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3982:Eileen Garrett 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3877:Rosemary Brown 3874: 3872:William Breeze 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3852:Charles Bailey 3849: 3844: 3842:Rosemary Altea 3839: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3735: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3716: 3709: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3688: 3679: 3667: 3655: 3647: 3646:External links 3644: 3642: 3641: 3627:Stoddart, Jane 3623: 3617: 3604: 3593: 3587: 3574: 3569:978-0870499838 3568: 3552:Annmarie Adams 3547: 3545:on 2013-12-03. 3518: 3516:on 2013-12-02. 3489: 3484:978-0786434794 3483: 3470: 3465:978-0405070259 3464: 3448: 3435: 3430:978-1558964488 3429: 3412: 3400: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3370: 3357:978-0060566678 3356: 3343: 3332: 3327:978-0520281189 3326: 3313: 3308:978-1438466095 3307: 3294: 3276:(3): 359–388. 3265: 3253: 3241: 3236:978-1108072588 3235: 3223:Podmore, Frank 3219: 3203: 3197: 3185:, ed. (2001). 3179: 3169:McCabe, Joseph 3165: 3154: 3137: 3131: 3121:, ed. (1985). 3115: 3106: 3097: 3092:978-0813017433 3091: 3074: 3069:978-1410102430 3068: 3050: 3045:978-1410102430 3044: 3026: 3021:978-0791431207 3020: 3003: 2989: 2975: 2970:978-0253333155 2969: 2952: 2948:Newspapers.com 2935: 2930:978-1494069407 2929: 2916: 2911:978-0766162907 2910: 2892: 2879:978-0253215024 2878: 2861: 2852: 2839: 2834:978-0300136159 2833: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2809: 2804:www.bailii.org 2791: 2788:978-0851127484 2768: 2737: 2725: 2706: 2692: 2678: 2666: 2657: 2655:, p. 300. 2645: 2636: 2611: 2602: 2587: 2575: 2573:, p. 120. 2563: 2551: 2542: 2540:, p. 599. 2530: 2527:978-0850300130 2510: 2507:978-1845376871 2490: 2487:978-1841151090 2467: 2465:, p. 126. 2455: 2452:978-0879755331 2432: 2428:978-0738713632 2411: 2407:978-0850300130 2390: 2387:978-0786464708 2375:978-1161363654 2355: 2343: 2333:Joseph Jastrow 2325: 2309: 2297: 2291:978-0898041514 2290: 2282:The Betty Book 2269: 2254: 2241: 2228: 2216: 2204: 2192: 2180: 2165: 2153: 2133: 2121: 2105: 2097:Fulton Oursler 2089: 2069: 2053: 2045:Chung Ling Soo 2037: 2014: 2002: 1986: 1980:978-0399130663 1979: 1957: 1943: 1926: 1908: 1895: 1883: 1881:, p. 679. 1871: 1853: 1850:See chapter 8. 1834: 1820: 1818:, p. 151. 1808: 1793: 1781: 1769: 1757: 1745: 1733: 1721: 1709: 1707:, p. 144. 1697: 1695:, p. 148. 1685: 1673: 1658: 1640: 1638:, p. 296. 1599: 1597:, p. 248. 1566: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1504:citation style 1499: 1497: 1490: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1431:Parapsychology 1429:Main article: 1426: 1423: 1404:Arthur Findlay 1355: 1352: 1340:Hilma af Klint 1313:Main article: 1310: 1307: 1293: 1290: 1267: 1264: 1174:reincarnations 1127: 1124: 993: 990: 886:(Boston), the 869:. In founding 798: 795: 776:Fulton Oursler 764:Chung Ling Soo 747:, in his book 743:. The skeptic 675:and a dubious 649:the Ghost Club 618: 617: 611: 604: 602: 596: 589: 587: 575: 568: 510: 507: 475:Plymouth Notch 450:women's rights 377: 374: 373: 372: 369: 362: 360: 355: 348: 346: 341: 334: 254: 251: 218: 215: 170: 167: 142:spirit mediums 137: 134: 132: 129: 91:ethical issues 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7596: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7423: 7418: 7416: 7411: 7409: 7404: 7403: 7400: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377:(grandfather) 7376: 7373: 7370: 7367: 7364: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7348: 7341: 7340: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7328: 7325: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7290: 7286: 7283: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7272: 7265: 7264: 7260: 7257: 7253: 7250: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7236: 7232: 7229: 7225: 7222: 7218: 7215: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7206:Short stories 7204: 7197: 7196: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7165: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7128: 7125: 7124: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7031: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6958: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6898: 6894: 6887: 6882: 6880: 6875: 6873: 6868: 6867: 6864: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6796:Denominations 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6769: 6768:Last Judgment 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6586: 6582: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6528:Unmoved mover 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6429:Binitarianism 6427: 6425: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6363: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6313: 6307: 6303: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6196: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6157: 6151: 6150:Supreme Being 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6058: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6037: 6034: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6021:Gender of God 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5926:Kathenotheism 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5858: 5853: 5851: 5846: 5844: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5823: 5822: 5818: 5816: 5815:Transcendence 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5645: 5638: 5633: 5631: 5626: 5624: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5445:Kathenotheism 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5378:Binitarianism 5376: 5372: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5307:Gender of God 5305: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5277: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5258: 5253: 5251: 5246: 5244: 5239: 5238: 5235: 5223: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5172:Spectrophilia 5170: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5063:Ghost hunting 5061: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5007: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4968:South America 4966: 4958: 4957:San Francisco 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4927:United States 4925: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873:North America 4871: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4705: 4701: 4699: 4698:Madam Koi Koi 4696: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4648:Haunted ships 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4638:Haunted house 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4580: 4578: 4573: 4571: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4484:Frank Podmore 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4434:Joseph McCabe 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4399:Harry Houdini 4397: 4395: 4394:Terence Hines 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4339:Eric Dingwall 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4211:Organizations 4209: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4152:Maria Silbert 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4112:Leonora Piper 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4102:Einer Nielsen 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4057:Franek Kluski 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3942:Harry Edwards 3940: 3938: 3937:Eddy Brothers 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3897:Florence Cook 3895: 3893: 3892:Doris Collins 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3882:Sylvia Browne 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3857:Bangs Sisters 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830:Spiritualists 3828: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3816:Table-turning 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3786:Spirit guides 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3766:Faith healing 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3710: 3708: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3614: 3610: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3594: 3590: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3561: 3558:. Knoxville: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3477:. McFarland. 3476: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3404:Brown, Slater 3401: 3397: 3393: 3392:Brandon, Ruth 3389: 3388: 3383: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3339: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3257:Spence, Lewis 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2979:Clodd, Edward 2976: 2972: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2913: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2805: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2710: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2693: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2676:, p. 20. 2675: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2598: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2564: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2344: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2317:Joseph McCabe 2313: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2298: 2293: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2258: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2212:Harrison 1880 2208: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2181: 2176: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2154: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2026:Harry Houdini 2023: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1987: 1982: 1976: 1971: 1970: 1961: 1958: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1930: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1902:Anna Hurwic, 1899: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1753:Weisberg 2004 1749: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1729:Albanese 2007 1725: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1537: 1534: 1526: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1500:This article 1498: 1489: 1488: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1432: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1398: 1395:, creator of 1394: 1390: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332:Piet Mondrian 1329: 1325: 1320: 1316: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1252:Making of Man 1249: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1225:World of Life 1221: 1217: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1206:Gerald Massey 1203: 1199: 1192: 1191:Gerald Massey 1188: 1184: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1062:Bangs Sisters 1058: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1034:Joseph McCabe 1031: 1030:Frank Podmore 1027: 1023: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1002: 998: 992:Other mediums 991: 989: 987: 983: 978: 976: 970: 968: 963: 960: 957: 956: 950: 948: 944: 940: 935: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 904:Revue Spirite 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 884: 878: 876: 872: 871:camp meetings 868: 864: 863:Lake Pleasant 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 834: 832: 831:upper classes 828: 824: 820: 816: 807: 803: 796: 794: 792: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 760: 759:Harry Houdini 756: 752: 750: 746: 745:Joseph McCabe 742: 738: 737:table-turning 734: 726: 722: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 695:Frank Podmore 691: 689: 684: 682: 681:Thomas Edison 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 645: 644:(1859–1930). 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 614: 608: 603: 599: 593: 588: 578: 577:Frank Podmore 572: 567: 565: 563: 558: 555: 551: 547: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 522: 520: 516: 508: 505: 500: 497: 495: 491: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 467: 465: 460: 458: 453: 451: 447: 443: 436: 432: 426: 422: 418: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 398: 394: 387: 382: 375: 366: 361: 358: 352: 347: 344: 338: 333: 331: 329: 328:individualism 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 296: 294: 290: 285: 281: 279: 275: 267: 266:Richard Bergh 263: 259: 252: 250: 248: 242: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 216: 214: 212: 207: 205: 201: 192: 188: 184: 180: 175: 168: 166: 164: 159: 157: 156:spirit guides 153: 148: 143: 135: 130: 128: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 100: 99:spirit guides 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 56: 49: 42: 38: 34: 19: 7569:Spiritualism 7512:20th century 7463:Spiritualism 7462: 7337: 7329: 7321: 7313: 7294: 7261: 7193: 7185: 7177: 7169: 7161: 7155:Rodney Stone 7153: 7145: 7137: 7131:The Parasite 7129: 7123:The Refugees 7121: 7113: 7105: 7097: 7089: 7081: 7075:Micah Clarke 7073: 7065: 7057: 7051:Other novels 7024: 7016: 7008: 6987: 6981:His Last Bow 6979: 6971: 6963: 6955: 6947: 6939: 6931: 6923: 6902:Bibliography 6663:Hamartiology 6648:Ecclesiology 6638:Pneumatology 6547:Christianity 6538:Names of God 6513:Philo's view 6503:Personal god 6483:Great Spirit 6422: / 6379:Christianity 6237:Perichoresis 6140:Emanationism 6082:Christianity 6072:Baháʼí Faith 6050:Singular god 6023: 5983:Spiritualism 5982: 5819: 5745:Neoplatonism 5675:Antireligion 5588:Unitarianism 5558:Spiritualism 5557: 5177:Spiritualism 5176: 5143: 5053: 5016:Mesopotamian 4952:Pennsylvania 4682:By continent 4653:Hungry ghost 4623:Ghost lights 4529:Gordon Stein 4354:Chris French 4319:Edward Clodd 4304:Derren Brown 4294:Ruth Brandon 4279:David Abbott 4202:Chico Xavier 4162:Doris Stokes 4137:Jane Roberts 4067:Oliver Lodge 4052:Allan Kardec 4032:William Hope 3967:Leslie Flint 3932:Helen Duncan 3922:Frank Decker 3917:Pearl Curran 3902:Mina Crandon 3887:Eva Carrière 3862:Ada Besinnet 3837:Derek Acorah 3811:Spirit world 3728:Spiritualism 3727: 3631: 3608: 3598: 3578: 3555: 3543:the original 3533:(2): 83–91. 3530: 3526: 3514:the original 3501: 3497: 3474: 3455: 3439: 3416: 3407: 3395: 3374: 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Amherst: 3119:Kurtz, Paul 2850:(1): 58–87. 2814:Works cited 2735:, p. . 2463:McCabe 1920 2188:Wicker 2004 2061:Henry Evans 2010:McCabe 1920 1879:Spence 2003 1777:Strube 2016 1767:, p. . 1765:Braude 2001 1719:, p. . 1693:Lawton 1932 1671:, p. . 1636:Braude 2001 1558:Melton 2001 1443:Recognition 1415:sui generis 1254:(1924) and 1208:wrote that 1202:pantheistic 1120:cheesecloth 1108:Harry Price 1093:Etta Wriedt 910:(Belgium), 908:Le Messager 890:(Chicago), 839:Etna, Maine 784:Joseph Rinn 768:Henry Evans 677:Marie Curie 667:séances of 661:Harry Price 613:Harry Price 584: 1895 557:Robert Owen 550:materialist 539:World War I 531:White House 386:Fox sisters 312:clairvoyant 77:and may be 7563:Categories 7477:Gilded Age 7436:Antebellum 7375:John Doyle 7365:(daughter) 7307:Depictions 6806:Philosophy 6693:Sophiology 6673:Philosophy 6668:Messianism 6628:Paterology 6232:Hypostasis 6222:Homoousian 6053:theologies 5993:Theopanism 5978:Polytheism 5941:Monotheism 5916:Henotheism 5800:Shramanism 5780:Polytheism 5760:Nondualism 5735:Monotheism 5715:Henotheism 5710:Gnosticism 5655:Abrahamism 5548:Polytheism 5541:Euhemerism 5519:Hylotheism 5460:Monotheism 5435:Henotheism 5430:Misotheism 5324:Antitheism 5073:Mediumship 4991:Polynesian 4932:California 4884:Caribbean 4816:Vietnamese 4534:Amy Tanner 4389:Carl Hertz 4127:Bert Reese 4042:Cecil Husk 3992:Rita Goold 3776:Mediumship 3419:. Boston: 3198:0810394898 3132:0879753005 3010:. Albany: 2778:. (1994). 2765:0879753005 2753:Paul Kurtz 2747:. (1985). 2653:Clodd 1917 2630:2011-03-23 2538:Kurtz 1985 2442:. (1989). 2365:. (2010). 2335:. (1918). 2319:. (1920). 2115:. (1935). 2099:. (1930). 2085:A. L. Burt 2079:. (1932). 2063:. (1897). 2047:. (1898). 2034:0405028016 1996:. (1907). 1973:. 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