Knowledge (XXG)

Modern literature in Irish

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4879: 3261: 1043:-speaking minority. He uses Irish as a creative medium, and has set himself the goal of producing entertaining and modern writing in an Irish up to Gaeltacht standards. For a long time he experimented with Ulster Irish on the Web, but he published his first book in standard Irish, albeit strongly influenced by native folklore and dialects. He has published several novels, none of them set in Ireland. 27: 1000:
been argued that the use of the language by non-Irish writers has nothing to do with a specifically Irish identity. Instead, its importance lies in its use value as a language of work, personal relationships and creativity. A number of such writers, both Irish and foreign-born, are to be found in North America,
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in Irish) to write in Irish. Seosamh was a less prolific and less fortunate writer than his brother. He was stricken by a severe depressive psychosis in 1935 and spent the rest of his life – more than fifty years – at a psychiatric hospital. Before his psychosis, however, he wrote an impressive novel
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Countries other than Ireland have produced several contributors to literature in Irish, reflecting the existence globally of a group who have learned or who cultivate the language. It is worthy of note that these writers and their readers do not always form part of the traditional diaspora. It has
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By the end of the nineteenth century, Irish had been reversed from being the dominant language of Ireland to becoming a minority language, which reduced the literature being produced. The Gaelic Revival sought to reverse this decline. In the beginning, the revivalists preferred to write in
1458:, has been publishing books in Irish since 1926 under the aegis of the Irish State. It is the largest Irish language publisher in the country, and now mainly publishes lexicography, textbooks and other curricular resources, together with material for children and young adults. 1731:. Established in 1945. Later called SĂĄirsĂ©al Ó Marcaigh, they ceased publishing in 2009. Their aim was to develop Irish language literature and to assist Irish language writers. They published 200 books. All the titles were acquired by ClĂł Iar-Chonnacht. 240:), which combines realism with absurdist elements. He was to die in 1928, not yet fifty years old. Ó Conaire became something of a mythical figure in Irish literary folklore because of his highly individual talent and engaging personality. 1374:, founded in 1985, has as its particular aim the publishing of work by Gaeltacht writers. It has published over 300 books, predominantly in Irish, together with music. It has acquired the titles from SĂĄirsĂ©al agus Dill and Cois Life. 768:
Máirtín Ó Cadhain's prose is dense, powerful and (especially in his early work) difficult for the novice. His style changed and became simpler with time, in part reflecting the urban world in which he settled. Like the poet
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There are presently over 2,500 works of various kinds in print in Irish, of which the largest proportion is literature (over 2,000, including novels, short stories and poetry), children's books and educational material.
1707:. Formerly InstitiĂșid TeangeolaĂ­ochta Éireann / Linguistics Institute of Ireland, it published academic books on linguistic matters regarding the Irish language in contemporary Ireland. The institute no longer exists. 1428:,(FoilseachĂĄin Ábhair SpioradĂĄlta), established on 1 February 1916 at a meeting of Aontas MhĂĄnuat ("Maynooth Union") and they called themselves Cumann na Sagart nGaedhalach, dropping the 'nGaedhlach' some time later. 638:: his poetry was experimental enough in metre to draw attacks from literary traditionalists, while also being intensely personal in content. He was also a notable prose writer, as evidenced by his published diaries. 1506:, following on from ÉabhlĂłid's publication of ÍcĂ­ PĂ­cĂ­ by Doimnic Mac Giolla BhrĂ­de, the same author established his own publishing company to publish his next illustrated book of new songs i nGaeilge ThĂ­r Chonail. 1556:, the RIA has supported the Irish language with a number of publications Section C of the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy is dedicated to 'Archaeology, history, Celtic studies, linguistics and literature'. 773:, Ó Cadhain was a linguistic moderniser and wrote in an experimental form of the Irish language, even in contexts where a less obscure style would have been appropriate. He enriched his own Connemara Irish with 712:), this novel is a chain of voices of the dead speaking from the churchyard, where they go on forever continuing the now pointless social and political quarrels from when they were alive. Similarly to those of 1283:, a major source of subsidies, may affect their future. Both magazines have had as contributors some of the most notable figures in modern Irish-language literature, and continue to encourage new writing. 1404:, established in 1995 stopped publishing in 2019, published literary and academic works. Its output includes plays, fiction and poetry. Now closed, All its titles will be taken on by ClĂł iar-Chonachta 1292:, an international literary magazine established in North America but publishing prose and poetry in Irish by writers from a number of different countries, including Ireland, Australia and Finland. 4794: 3717: 1474:, Leabhair Chomhar is the book publishing imprint of the literary magazine Comhar, publishing books for adult learners of Irish as well as a number of general prose and poetry titles. 686:, together with other IRA men and Allied and Axis military personnel. At the camp, he taught Irish language courses to fellow internees and began his modernist masterpiece, the novel 1643:. Established in 1964, Mostly academic and religious books but also some poetry and prose. (No longer active since the passing of its sole director an tAth. PĂĄdraig Ó Fianachta). 1436:, Established in 1898, The Irish Texts Society has been publishing well edited and translated editions of important works from the cannon of Irish language literature. They also 4799: 167:
have accordingly produced some of the most interesting literature to come out of Ireland, while being both supplemented and influenced by poetry and prose composed in the
3810: 979:(who also writes in English). His work is characterised by humour and a poetic realism and has been praised for its originality. A writer of a more recent generation is 232:
was a pioneer in the writing of realistic short stories in Irish; he was also to the forefront of Irish-language journalism. His most important book is his only novel,
858:, who was raised in the Munster Gaeltacht and was part of the new wave of the sixties and seventies. She is particularly interested in the mythic element in reality. 4656: 2657: 3876: 4828: 2596: 3331: 3995: 3419: 2144: 1327:(a fact possible related to the dearth of popular science writing in the language, despite a wealth of available terminology). The American-based magazine 44: 4842: 366:(pen name "MĂĄire"). SĂ©amus Ó Grianna's most important contribution to modern literature in the language might be the fact that he persuaded his brother 800:(the last influenced by French literary theory). Ó Tuairisc, a stylistic innovator, wrote poetry and plays as well as two novels on historical themes: 3763: 3697: 3641: 793: 4661: 3297: 556: 194:(History of Ireland), a much-read 17th-century work. Classical Irish, however, was soon ousted by the living dialects actually being spoken in the 4833: 3857: 3646: 854:(d. 1982), a native speaker from Conamara, wrote fluent and elegant verse with a distinctively modern sensibility. One of the best known poets is 466:. He also wrote idealised stories about the Irish-speaking countryside, as well as nationalistic poetry in a more classical, Keating-esque style. 252:
to record the lives of native speakers in authentic dialect. This interest from outside stimulated several notable autobiographies, especially on
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has enjoyed more stability than Comhar, which suffered from a declining readership and has now been reconstituted. The withdrawal of support by
4007: 3891: 3551: 2707: 1821: 4846: 4809: 3840: 1978: 1793:, An ClĂłchomhar Tta, Baile Átha Cliath, pp.345-350, and more generally in Ó Conluain, Proinsias and Ó CĂ©ileachair, Donncha (1976 – reprint), 576: 571:. He began publishing his work in the early 1940s as a poet of homesickness and urban angst and ended, quite similarly to his literary hero 4711: 4094: 3980: 3814: 3211: 1806: 1627:. They produced a large number of books of both general and academic interest, frequently placing Irish concerns in a broader perspective. 606:
schools, and of the colloquial folk song metres (AmhrĂĄn) that replaced them until the early Gaelic revival. In 2013, she also published a
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There is now more emphasis on popular writing in Irish, and among the writers who have had considerable success with lighter genres is
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MĂĄirĂ­n Nic Eoin, 'Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Transnational Irish-Language Writing,' 12 April 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
1466:, A publisher of quality literature in Irish, also publishes graphic novels and translates titles like Tin Tin and Asterix and Oblix. 833: 139:
dates – as in most European languages – to the 16th century, modern Irish literature owes much of its popularity to the 19th century
3671: 2073: 110: 3436: 3376: 2335: 2036: 1530:, is a publisher of religious books in Irish and the religious magazine An Timire, they seem to be a better branded branch of FÁS. 1121:
is a fifth-generation Irish American who has published poetry, fiction and journalism in Irish. He is also the founding editor of
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A general survey of literature in Irish. It includes the modern period up the date of publication, but an update is required.
1746: 993: 983:. The drive, black humour and absurdist quality of his work distinguish it from the realism of much modern writing in Irish. 168: 48: 2355: 2232: 829: 598:, published several collections of lyric verse beginning in the 1950s. These display her mastery of both the strict metres ( 283: 77: 1163:, since 1987. In this period, he has published ten works in Irish, including a collection of short stories and two novels. 837: 4084: 3793: 3707: 3086: 2428: 3566: 2272: 1522:, founded in 2005, aims to publish high-quality contemporary books with elaborate illustrations for children of all ages. 952: 533: 4741: 4059: 3985: 3835: 3768: 3692: 3523: 3290: 2682: 1756: 1612:, Religious publications, mainly in English, with some titles in Irish, they publish the FadĂł series of bilingual books. 1588:, founded in 2002, is a bilingual English and Irish journal. Its September 2010 issue was dedicated to writing in Irish. 1564:, established in 2011(?), specialising in books of literary and cultural importance mostly in English and some in Irish. 1316:
It has been remarked that the average print run for a book of poetry or prose is probably 500, though a popular work of
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a catastrophic loss for Irish literature which only began to be healed during the late 1940s by the modernist poetry of
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since 1997. He published over a dozen works in Irish in this period, as well as translations from Spanish and Catalan.
59: 4079: 3452: 2187: 2405: 2002: 948: 2400: 1360:, established in 2000, they produce learning material for adult learners, and are placed in the Connemara Gaeltacht. 1184: 735:, Máirtín Ó Cadhain wrote several collections of short stories (one 'short' story, "Fuíoll Fuine" in the collection 529: 383:("The Big Drum" or "The Fife and Drum Band"), as well as a powerful and introspective account of his travels called 4784: 4089: 3783: 3157: 3127: 2985: 2822: 2501: 2375: 2182: 2130: 1679: 1271:, though it has an independent editorial policy. Both magazines publish short fiction and poetry: the manifesto of 1247:(2023). She has had many publications in various literary magazines and anthologies both in Ireland and Australia. 2252: 1086: 913: 886: 645: 37: 4491: 4347: 4067: 3881: 3803: 3788: 3773: 3621: 3556: 3518: 3508: 3498: 3358: 2317: 1396:, founded in 1980, has published 1500 titles, making it the largest private Irish language publisher in Ireland. 1130: 906: 275: 4736: 3866: 3480: 2887: 2468: 1255:
The oldest Irish-language literary magazines responsible for the encouragement of poetry and short fiction are
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A number of English language publishers provide some Irish-language material too. They include the following.
1156: 1118: 862:(a pseudonym) is representative of an urban tradition: she is a poet and a writer of witty detective stories. 845: 654: 190: 1687: 4804: 4753: 4469: 4221: 3970: 3830: 3636: 3581: 3571: 3538: 3371: 3283: 2717: 2702: 2511: 2257: 2237: 1032: 667: 229: 2312: 1572:, DIAS have a publishing programme for academic publications on Celtic matters, some of which are in Irish. 980: 917: 289:
Although he greatly admired these Gaeltacht memoirs and particularly that of Tomás Ó Criomhthain, novelist
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is an Australian whose short stories, set mostly in Australia and Europe, have appeared in the journals
870: 694: 663: 84: 3177: 2862: 2463: 2448: 2365: 1096: 882: 4856: 4623: 4394: 4371: 4156: 4042: 3896: 3871: 3740: 3561: 3533: 3241: 3162: 2973: 2968: 2722: 2697: 2662: 2491: 2247: 1695: 1206: 1160: 789: 721: 641: 635: 607: 253: 1149:, published when he resided in Australia and describing his life in Ireland, England and Australia. 4731: 4633: 4558: 4529: 4417: 4262: 3952: 3942: 3852: 3528: 3385: 3366: 3320: 3000: 2882: 2852: 2805: 2737: 2692: 2622: 2591: 2561: 2551: 2526: 2443: 2438: 2433: 1711: 1623: 1170: 897:. Ó Searcaigh, a lyric poet, is also a traveller: this bore fruit in his engaging travelogue about 874: 788:
Modernism and renewal are also represented by several writers not of Gaeltacht background, such as
603: 428: 371: 367: 336: 270: 199: 1671: 1450:, Music label and publishing house producing books and CDs in Irish for children and young people. 4758: 4691: 4686: 4613: 4596: 4514: 4201: 4129: 3758: 3626: 3576: 3513: 3488: 3484: 3402: 3346: 3236: 3147: 2897: 2566: 2370: 2028: 1655: 1560: 1538:, is the publishing wing of GlĂłr na nGael, they produce children's books, board games, cards etc. 1514:, is a small publisher producing limited edition hand printed books in Irish and other languages. 878: 873:(d.2005), a lyric poet whose work is both whimsical and melancholy. Others of his generation are 611: 348: 152: 4022: 2277: 2037:
https://www.writing.ie/interviews/the-irish-language-and-its-literature-a-brief-overview-part-4/
960: 933: 770: 418: 1639: 4789: 4719: 4439: 4301: 4295: 4166: 4072: 4032: 3937: 3798: 3207: 2847: 2810: 2586: 2496: 2345: 2262: 2153: 2069: 1974: 1852: 1751: 1568: 1317: 1232: 944: 841: 599: 355:, at the end of the 19th century, and the hardship Irish gold-seekers endured on their way to 128: 1968: 1871: 4648: 4628: 4449: 4404: 3778: 3459: 3441: 3328: 3187: 3132: 2927: 2752: 2687: 2458: 2410: 2307: 1592: 1424: 1296: 1280: 1055: 1040: 890: 866: 851: 713: 675: 671: 595: 517:, both past and present. For these reasons, Liam De Paor has called Pearse's execution by a 514: 502: 486: 330: 307:("The Poor Mouth"), which is set in the fictional, desperately poor, and constantly raining 303: 290: 257: 185: 181: 160: 144: 132: 3222: 1348: 928:) about growing up as a native Irish speaker in the predominantly English-speaking city of 4748: 4676: 4671: 4509: 4501: 4379: 4306: 3947: 3631: 3606: 3182: 2990: 2943: 2906: 2826: 2778: 2773: 2677: 2536: 2531: 2478: 2192: 1343:
A number of publishers specialise in Irish-language material. They include the following.
1324: 1267:(founded in 1948). The latter, presently edited by Cormac Ó hAodha, is the journal of the 1108: 1051: 859: 840:
are three of the most important. They adhere in general to the realist tradition, as does
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areas, especially as championed by a native speaker from the Coolea-Muskerry area, Father
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From the online catalogue of LitrĂ­ocht.com, an Irish-language book distribution service:
1703: 704: 688: 1886: 1420:, were established in 2010 and have been publishing books for children and adults since. 4883: 4779: 4618: 4606: 4384: 4196: 3712: 3447: 3431: 3381: 3264: 3226: 3142: 3072: 3057: 3012: 2933: 2872: 2837: 2790: 2742: 2732: 2652: 2615: 2556: 2546: 2302: 2219: 2197: 2172: 1910: 1741: 1301: 725: 683: 659: 510: 498: 490: 447: 318: 156: 148: 140: 124: 1366:, publishes books in Irish only. It produces books for children, teenagers and adults. 4897: 4434: 4267: 4141: 3616: 3601: 3246: 3103: 3040: 2938: 2800: 2327: 2053: 1600: 1498:, Specialists in publishing books and CDs of special interest in the Kerry gaeltacht. 1268: 1134: 1112: 894: 699: 616: 525: 470: 463: 451: 413: 326: 147:
movement, and to the efforts of more recent poets and writers. In an act of literary
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was his only work in Irish. One of the best known of contemporary practitioners is
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and have combined influences from both their own literary history and the whole of
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also declares that one of its objects is to encourage students to write in Irish.
1384: 967:. O'Flaherty was raised for the first twelve years of his life with Irish on the 816:
offered a depiction of a middle-class environment and its problems. Ó Doibhlin's
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This is discussed in Caerwyn Williams, J.E. and NĂ­ MhuirĂ­osa, MĂĄirĂ­n (1979),
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MĂĄirĂ­n Nic Eoin, 'Gaeilge goes global: Irish-language works on world map,'
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IarsmaĂ­ na Teanga: Na Teangacha Ceilteacha i Stair Smaointeachas na hEorpa
4763: 4696: 4361: 4247: 4191: 3596: 3034: 2877: 778: 580: 294: 1486: 1482:, Literature in Irish and English for children, young people and adults. 1462: 1017:) has published three books in Irish: an account of his life in Brazil, 716:, Ó Cadhain's novel lampoons the rose-coloured depiction of life in the 412:
into Irish, Seosamh's work in this field includes the Irish versions of
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Both brothers were acknowledged translators. In addition to translating
4681: 4666: 4565: 4352: 4332: 3306: 1608: 1502: 1288: 1217:(2019). Two collections of his poetry have been published by CoiscĂ©im: 1201: 1123: 1036: 940:, describes a busker's adventures in Dublin's streets in the nineties. 742: 692:("Graveyard Clay"). Reminiscent of some Latin American novels (notably 408: 602:), once taught and widely used before the 17th century closing of the 4551: 4544: 4389: 4322: 4181: 3063: 3045: 2031:, 'The Irish Language and its Literature: A Brief Overview, Part 4,' 1898: 1576: 1263: 1257: 1195: 1189: 1166: 1014: 929: 564: 459: 396: 298: 2122: 808:. Diarmaid Ó SĂșilleabhĂĄin sought to adapt Irish to the urban world: 1836: 4601: 4171: 3217: 3068: 2768: 2638: 2202: 2112: 1174: 1152: 898: 750: 362:
Another important figure was the prolific writer of rural novels,
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has, however, published serials with elements of fantasy and the
1953: 1494: 1432: 1412:, Well-illustrated books in Irish for children and young people. 848:, from the Conamara Gaeltacht, has proved consistently popular. 248:
From the end of the 19th century, researchers were visiting the
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in 1955, dealing with both urban and rural themes. In 1953
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https://www.cic.ie/en/books/published-books/teachtaireacht
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Torlach Mac Con Midhe was born in Dublin and now lives in
1446: 1408: 1400: 1392: 2607: 1941: 1478: 1181:. He has published four collections of poetry in Irish. 3718:
List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland
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has published two collections of short stories by him:
905:. A younger generation is represented by such poets as 497:, Pearse also left behind a detailed blueprint for the 375:
about the difficult transition to modernity in his own
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Others of NĂ­ Dhomhnaill's generation were the mordant
399:, was left unfinished, a fact suggested by the title. 2097: 1887:
https://www.cic.ie/books/published-books/ceo-bruithne
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English Language Publishers who also publish in Irish
1058:. He has published three non-fiction books in Irish: 3448:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Irish-language publishers who have ceased publishing
1442:, company solely publishing works by Gary Bannister. 1370: 343:("The Great Wheel of Life"), dictated in his native 4772: 4710: 4647: 4587: 4500: 4448: 4403: 4370: 4315: 4280: 4230: 4149: 4140: 4058: 3961: 3930: 3823: 3751: 3685: 3473: 3357: 3200: 3119: 2999: 2959: 2952: 2896: 2761: 2645: 2579: 2477: 2419: 2326: 2218: 2211: 2160: 1231:is an Australian citizen of Irish origin living in 1145:for many years, is the author of an autobiography, 51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2118:LitrĂ­ocht.com: catalogue and book-ordering service 2054:http://www.gaeilgesanastrail.com/newsletter-en.php 590:MĂĄire Mhac an tSaoi, who was also an accomplished 244:Early twentieth-century writing from the Gaeltacht 3811:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland 543:Ó DireĂĄin, a native Irish speaker and passionate 1768:J.E. Caerwyn Williams agus MĂĄirĂ­n UĂ­ MhuirĂ­osa. 1035:, a linguist, writer and translator, belongs to 1013:(formerly resident in Ireland and now living in 450:, who was executed as one of the leaders of the 4657:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 2658:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups 1812:, 12 December 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2017. 916:, novelist, playwright and short story writer. 220:, as well as a recently reissued adaptation of 1323:Among the genres least cultivated in Irish is 963:(Liam Ó Flaithearta) published the collection 753:, and pamphlets, found in such collections as 3291: 2623: 2138: 8: 2597:Literature in the other languages of Britain 745:). An important part of his writings is his 212:. His other works include the autobiography 155:, writers in Irish have taken the advice of 3420:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 2017:http://www.litriocht.com/shop/#.WAp-Xuh96Uk 1025:(2011); and a collection of short stories, 920:has written a popular autobiography called 736: 575:, as a harsh cultural critic of escalating 312: 4843:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland 4146: 4137: 4124: 3927: 3914: 3748: 3735: 3354: 3341: 3298: 3284: 3276: 2996: 2956: 2630: 2616: 2608: 2215: 2145: 2131: 2123: 869:(who wrote both in Irish and English) and 820:is an example of introspective modernism. 301:quite mercilessly in his modernist novel 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 4662:Association football in Northern Ireland 1797:, SairsĂ©al agus Dill, Baile Átha Cliath. 1667:, Conradh na Gaeilge's publishing house. 1050:. He has published journalism in Irish, 3858:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 1782: 1580:, publishers of books in many languages 1308:Irish-language writing in local context 1177:since 1969, apart from an interlude in 1089:, who died in 2022, had been living in 473:, Pearse's reading of the experimental 2708:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652 2052:, issue 249, 22-10-2016. Available on 151:common to many other peoples seeking 16:Modern writings in the Irish language 7: 49:adding citations to reliable sources 1940:, Irish-language literary magazine 1115:and published by CoiscĂ©im in 2017. 3887:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland 3662:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 3460:Irish Free State (1922–1937) 1928:, Irish-language literary magazine 1899:http://www.coisceim.ie/corrai.html 14: 3672:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 1957:, international literary magazine 1320:might have a print run of 2,000. 4877: 3841:Tallest buildings and structures 3260: 3259: 2517:Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair 1973:. Hippocrene Books. p. 26. 1837:http://www.coisceim.ie/dola.html 1569:InstitiĂșid Ard-lĂ©inn na hÉireann 1205:. He has also published poetry. 1004:and various European countries. 828:Among modern Gaeltacht writers, 824:Contemporary literature in Irish 505:, through drawing not only upon 387:("My Own Way"). His last novel, 25: 1433:Cumann na ScrĂ­bheann nGaedhilge 1286:They have since been joined by 881:. Among those who followed are 781:from other dialects, including 462:, while continuing to write in 184:, and were notably inspired by 131:for more than 1,500 years (see 36:needs additional citations for 3677:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 1747:Irish language outside Ireland 1300:was a literary journal in the 994:Irish language outside Ireland 282:("Twenty Years a-Growing") by 169:Irish language outside Ireland 1: 2429:Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich 1791:TraidisiĂșn Liteartha na nGael 1770:TraidisiĂșn Liteartha na nGael 1680:Comhartha na dTtrĂ­ gCoinneall 1385:Comhairle BhĂ©aloideas Éireann 1304:published from 1989 to 1998. 1159:(b. 1968) has been living in 1068:Muintir SlĂ©ibhe agus a Teanga 652:, who was the Irish-language 555:, spent his life as a career 524:after the defeat of the 1916 513:, but also from the whole of 216:and retellings of tales from 4742:Northern Ireland flags issue 3693:List of conflicts in Ireland 3437:Southern Ireland (1921–1922) 2522:Donnchadh BĂ n Mac an t-Saoir 2056:. Retrieved 22 October 2016. 2039:. Retrieved 26 October 2016. 2019:. Retrieved 22 October 2016. 1757:Status of the Irish language 1352:, books for children mainly. 818:NĂ©al Maidine agus Tine OĂ­che 60:"Modern literature in Irish" 3713:Gaelic clothing and fashion 2188:Scottish Gaelic Renaissance 1967:Gabriel Rosenstock (2005). 631:Ó RĂ­ordĂĄin was born in the 4920: 2183:Scottish Gaelic literature 2178:Modern literature in Irish 1847:Muiris Mossie Ó ScanlĂĄin. 1772:. An ClĂłchomhar Tta, 1979. 1495:Oidhreacht Chorca Dhuibhne 1131:Muiris (Mossie) Ó ScanlĂĄin 1099:, an American resident in 658:par excellence. He was an 389:DĂĄ mBĂ­odh Ruball ar an Éan 347:. The title refers to the 137:modern literature in Irish 4904:Irish-language literature 4873: 4136: 4123: 3926: 3913: 3747: 3734: 3353: 3340: 3316: 3255: 2492:Aonghas PhĂ draig Caimbeul 1553:Acadamh RĂ­oga na hÉireann 1339:Irish-language publishers 947:remains a popular genre. 670:years (i.e. the years of 644:was developed further by 2888:Gaelic Christian mission 2469:Proinsias Mac an Bheatha 2336:Amhlaoibh Ó SĂșilleabhĂĄin 2065:IRISH PAGES Vol 5 No 2, 2048:See 'Easpa eolaĂ­ochta,' 1911:"Rogha | LitrĂ­ocht" 1235:. She is the author of: 1229:Julie Breathnach-Banwait 567:in the aftermath of the 443:Irish-language modernism 4834:Prostitution (Republic) 3158:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh 2718:Jacobite rising of 1745 2552:DeĂČrsa Mac Iain DheĂČrsa 2502:CatrĂŹona Lexy Chaimbeul 2006:. ABC-CLIO, 2006. 1393. 1835:by TomĂĄs Ó Muirgheasa: 1688:Comhlucht an Oideachais 1141:Gaeltacht who lived in 987:Writers in Irish abroad 938:Pat the Pipe - PĂ­obaire 794:Diarmaid Ó SĂșilleabhĂĄin 3703:List of Irish kingdoms 2547:Somhairle MacGill-Eain 2507:DĂČmhnall Ruadh ChorĂčna 2386:PĂĄdraig Ó Siochfhradha 2381:MĂ­cheĂĄl Ó Siochfhradha 2168:Early Irish literature 1261:(founded in 1942) and 1133:, a native speaker of 737: 648:, a schoolmaster from 322: 313: 188:'s (SeathrĂșn CĂ©itinn) 4810:Mass media (Republic) 4754:National coat of arms 3642:IRA Northern Campaign 3193:An CoimisinĂ©ir Teanga 3153:An Comunn GĂ idhealach 2858:Oireachtas na Gaeilge 2562:Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn 2356:Muiris Ó SĂșilleabhĂĄin 2293:Joe Steve Ó Neachtain 1942:http://www.feasta.ie/ 949:Donncha Ó CĂ©ileachair 918:LorcĂĄn S. Ó Treasaigh 846:Joe Steve Ó Neachtain 738:An tSraith dhĂĄ TĂłgĂĄil 724:writers of the early 485:led him to introduce 284:Muiris Ó SĂșilleabhĂĄin 274:("The Islandman") by 191:Foras Feasa ar Éirinn 4732:County coats of arms 4624:List of Irish people 3698:List of Irish tribes 3548:Cromwellian conquest 3534:Plantation of Ulster 3465:Ireland (since 1922) 3242:Kingdom of the Isles 3163:Seachtain na Gaeilge 3128:ÚdarĂĄs na Gaeltachta 2883:Insular Christianity 2698:Plantation of Ulster 2663:High King of Ireland 2542:Ailein MacDhĂČmhnaill 2512:DĂČmhnall MacAmhlaigh 2376:PĂĄdraig Ó Fiannachta 2248:Liam Mac Con Iomaire 2238:TomĂĄs de Bhaldraithe 1648:BrĂșn agus Ó NuallĂĄin 1378:ClĂł Ollscoil ChorcaĂ­ 1161:Halifax, Nova Scotia 1078:2015); and a novel, 1033:Panu Petteri Höglund 953:SĂ­le NĂ­ ChĂ©ileachair 755:Ó Cadhain i bhFeasta 722:romantic nationalist 642:Modernist literature 608:literary translation 370:(who called himself 359:, the gold country. 254:Great Blasket Island 45:improve this article 4847:in Northern Ireland 4838:in Northern Ireland 4579:Legendary creatures 4492:Traditional singing 4328:Saint Patrick's Day 3963:Republic of Ireland 3892:Tourist attractions 3877:ROI–UK border 3862:of Northern Ireland 3815:in Northern Ireland 3647:IRA Border Campaign 3622:War of Independence 3592:Second Great Famine 3577:Act of Union (1800) 3529:Flight of the Earls 3386:Lordship of Ireland 3321:Republic of Ireland 2738:Highland Clearances 2693:Flight of the Earls 2592:European literature 2557:Ruaraidh MacThĂČmais 2537:Eoghan MacLachlainn 2532:MĂ iri MhĂČr nan Òran 2527:Iain Mac Fhearchair 2439:Seosamh Mac Grianna 2391:Nuala NĂ­ Dhomhnaill 2361:MĂĄire Mhac an tSaoi 2346:TomĂĄs Ó Criomhthain 2318:Doireann NĂ­ GhrĂ­ofa 2268:MĂ­cheĂĄl Ó Conghaile 2243:DĂłnall Mac Amhlaigh 1173:has been living in 1103:, is the author of 1085:Dublin-born writer 1080:Crothla agus CnĂĄmha 907:Doireann NĂ­ GhrĂ­ofa 856:Nuala NĂ­ Dhomhnaill 834:MicheĂĄl Ó Conghaile 798:BreandĂĄn Ó Doibhlin 763:Caithfear Éisteacht 604:Irish bardic poetry 538:MĂĄire Mhac an tSaoi 425:DĂ­th CĂ©ille Almayer 372:Seosamh Mac Grianna 341:Rotha MĂłr an tSaoil 280:Fiche Bliain ag FĂĄs 276:TomĂĄs Ó Criomhthain 200:Peadar Ua Laoghaire 127:has been used as a 4884:Ireland portal 4202:Skirts and kidneys 3708:List of High Kings 3627:Anglo-Irish Treaty 3567:First Great Famine 3552:Settlement of 1652 3524:Tyrone's Rebellion 3514:Desmond Rebellions 3403:Kingdom of Ireland 3237:Kingdom of Munster 3178:Comunn na GĂ idhlig 3148:Conradh na Gaeilge 2785:Lebor GabĂĄla Érenn 2567:Aonghas MacNeacail 2464:Cathal Ó Searcaigh 2406:Maidhc DainĂ­n Ó SĂ© 2366:Peadar Ó Laoghaire 2298:Annraoi Ó LiathĂĄin 2288:BreandĂĄn Ó hEithir 2283:Diarmuid Ó GrĂĄinne 2278:Liam Ó Flaithearta 2233:PĂĄdraic Breathnach 2228:MĂ­cheĂĄl Breathnach 2029:Gabriel Rosenstock 1851:. An Sagart 2009. 1728:SĂĄirsĂ©al agus Dill 1720:Preas DhĂșn Dealgan 1664:ClĂłdhanna Teoranta 1632:An Preas NĂĄisiĂșnta 1251:Literary magazines 1219:CorraĂ­ na Nathrach 1157:PĂĄdraig Ó Siadhail 1119:SĂ©amas Ó Neachtain 883:Cathal Ó Searcaigh 879:Gabriel Rosenstock 838:PĂĄdraig Ó CĂ­obhĂĄin 830:PĂĄdraig Breathnach 695:Redoble por Rancas 678:) interned in the 655:littĂ©rateur engagĂ© 612:Rainer Maria Rilke 481:and of the French 349:Klondike gold rush 339:was the author of 256:, located off the 153:self-determination 4891: 4890: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4276: 4275: 4167:Bacon and cabbage 4119: 4118: 4115: 4114: 3986:Foreign relations 3909: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3836:Notable buildings 3730: 3729: 3726: 3725: 3273: 3272: 3208:Haplogroup R-M269 3099: 3098: 3095: 3094: 2848:Gaelic folk music 2811:Gaelic literature 2605: 2604: 2587:Celtic literature 2575: 2574: 2497:Maoilios Caimbeul 2371:PĂĄdraig Ó DuinnĂ­n 2273:MĂĄirtĂ­n Ó DireĂĄin 2258:PĂĄdraic Ó Conaire 2253:MĂĄirtĂ­n Ó Cadhain 2154:Gaelic literature 2113:An tSnĂĄthaid MhĂłr 2098:ClĂł Iar-Chonnacht 1980:978-0-7818-1099-9 1752:Irish short story 1519:An tSnĂĄthaid MhĂłr 1371:ClĂł Iar-Chonnacht 1318:detective fiction 1233:Western Australia 1207:ClĂł Iar-Chonnacht 1097:SeĂĄn Ó Muirgheasa 1087:TomĂĄs Mac SĂ­omĂłin 1082:(CoiscĂ©im 2018). 1070:(CoiscĂ©im 2009), 1021:(2009); a novel, 914:ÉilĂ­s NĂ­ Dhuibhne 887:TomĂĄs Mac SĂ­omĂłin 790:Eoghan Ó Tuairisc 741:, can count as a 646:MĂĄirtĂ­n Ó Cadhain 534:MĂĄirtĂ­n Ó DireĂĄin 230:PĂĄdraic Ó Conaire 143:, a cultural and 129:literary language 121: 120: 113: 95: 4911: 4882: 4881: 4880: 4559:Tuatha DĂ© Danann 4147: 4138: 4125: 4060:Northern Ireland 4038: 4028: 4018: 3928: 3915: 3749: 3736: 3612:Home Rule crisis 3442:Northern Ireland 3355: 3342: 3329:Northern Ireland 3300: 3293: 3286: 3277: 3263: 3262: 3201:Related subjects 3188:Clans of Ireland 3138:BĂČrd na GĂ idhlig 3133:Foras na Gaeilge 2997: 2981:Medical families 2957: 2928:Classical Gaelic 2853:Sean-nĂłs singing 2796:Gaelic astrology 2779:Gaelic mythology 2688:Statutes of Iona 2632: 2625: 2618: 2609: 2459:Brian Ó NuallĂĄin 2454:SĂ©amus Ó Grianna 2444:Cosslett Ó Cuinn 2434:MicĂ­ Mac Gabhann 2396:SeĂĄn Mac MathĂșna 2216: 2147: 2140: 2133: 2124: 2085: 2082: 2076: 2063: 2057: 2046: 2040: 2026: 2020: 2013: 2007: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1970:Beginner's Irish 1964: 1958: 1950: 1944: 1935: 1929: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1880: 1874: 1865: 1859: 1845: 1839: 1830: 1824: 1819: 1813: 1804: 1798: 1787: 1281:Foras na Gaeilge 1241:Ar ThĂłir gach NĂ­ 1171:Derry O'Sullivan 977:SeĂĄn Mac MathĂșna 926:What is English? 922:CĂ©ard Ă© English? 891:Diarmuid Johnson 875:Liam Ó Muirthile 867:Michael Hartnett 740: 676:Second World War 672:Irish neutrality 596:literary scholar 583:, and excessive 515:world literature 503:Irish literature 487:Modernist poetry 429:Peadar O'Donnell 385:Mo Bhealach FĂ©in 364:SĂ©amus Ó Grianna 337:MicĂ­ Mac Gabhann 331:Dingle Peninsula 316: 258:Dingle Peninsula 186:Geoffrey Keating 161:world literature 145:language revival 133:Irish literature 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 53: 29: 21: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4878: 4876: 4861: 4829:outside Ireland 4800:Historic houses 4768: 4749:Irish Wolfhound 4720:Brighid's Cross 4706: 4677:Gaelic handball 4672:Gaelic football 4643: 4614:Hiberno-Normans 4583: 4496: 4444: 4399: 4380:Hiberno-English 4366: 4311: 4272: 4226: 4132: 4111: 4054: 4036: 4026: 4016: 3957: 3948:Ulster loyalism 3922: 3901: 3819: 3743: 3722: 3681: 3607:Dublin lock-out 3543:Confederate War 3494:Norman invasion 3481:Battles of Tara 3469: 3425:1801–1923 3413:1691–1800 3408:1536–1691 3396:1169–1536 3349: 3336: 3312: 3304: 3274: 3269: 3251: 3196: 3183:Columba Project 3121: 3115: 3091: 2995: 2948: 2944:Scottish Gaelic 2907:Primitive Irish 2892: 2823:Scottish Gaelic 2757: 2683:Nine Years' War 2646:General history 2641: 2636: 2606: 2601: 2571: 2479:Scottish Gaelic 2473: 2449:Niall Ó DĂłnaill 2415: 2401:SeĂĄn Ó RĂ­ordĂĄin 2322: 2207: 2193:Manx literature 2156: 2151: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2079: 2067:The Irish Issue 2064: 2060: 2047: 2043: 2035:(5 June 2012): 2027: 2023: 2014: 2010: 1999: 1995: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1951: 1947: 1936: 1932: 1922: 1918: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1881: 1877: 1866: 1862: 1846: 1842: 1831: 1827: 1820: 1816: 1805: 1801: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1765: 1738: 1619: 1545: 1471:Leabhar Comhair 1341: 1325:science fiction 1310: 1253: 1109:detective novel 989: 961:Liam O'Flaherty 957:BullaĂ­ MhĂĄrtain 934:Colm Ó Snodaigh 860:Biddy Jenkinson 826: 783:Scottish Gaelic 731:In addition to 720:favored by the 636:breac-Gaeltacht 622:Austrian German 569:Irish Civil War 530:SeĂĄn Ó RĂ­ordĂĄin 507:Irish mythology 495:literary critic 456:Connaught Irish 445: 419:Almayer's Folly 317:); a parody of 246: 218:Irish mythology 182:Classical Irish 177: 117: 106: 100: 97: 54: 52: 42: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4917: 4915: 4907: 4906: 4896: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4840: 4831: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4795:Heritage Sites 4792: 4787: 4782: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4745: 4744: 4734: 4729: 4722: 4716: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4653: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4619:Irish diaspora 4616: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4607:Gaelic Ireland 4599: 4593: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4576: 4569: 4562: 4555: 4548: 4541: 4534: 4533: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4506: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4478: 4477: 4467: 4460: 4454: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4420: 4415: 4409: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4376: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4350: 4348:Rose of Tralee 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4319: 4317: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4292: 4286: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4157:List of dishes 4153: 4151: 4144: 4134: 4133: 4128: 4121: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4073:D'Hondt method 4064: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4046: 4045: 4040: 4034:Seanad Éireann 4030: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3999: 3998: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3967: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3934: 3932: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3838: 3827: 3825: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3817: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3774:Extreme points 3771: 3766: 3764:Climate change 3761: 3755: 3753: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3582:1803 Rebellion 3579: 3574: 3572:1798 Rebellion 3569: 3564: 3559: 3557:Williamite War 3554: 3545: 3539:1641 Rebellion 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3519:Spanish Armada 3516: 3511: 3509:Tudor conquest 3506: 3501: 3499:Bruce campaign 3496: 3491: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3445: 3444:(1921–present) 3439: 3434: 3432:Irish Republic 3429: 3428: 3427: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3400: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3391:800–1169 3382:Gaelic Ireland 3379: 3374: 3369: 3363: 3361: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3334: 3326: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3305: 3303: 3302: 3295: 3288: 3280: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3267: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3220: 3215: 3212:human genetics 3204: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3143:Culture Vannin 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3111: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3066: 3061: 3043: 3038: 3028: 3005: 3003: 2994: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2977: 2976: 2969:Royal families 2965: 2963: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2910: 2902: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2873:Highland games 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2838:Insular script 2835: 2830: 2808: 2803: 2801:Gaelic kinship 2798: 2793: 2791:Gaelic warfare 2788: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2765: 2763: 2762:Gaelic culture 2759: 2758: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2743:Gaelic Revival 2740: 2735: 2733:Irish diaspora 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2703:1641 Rebellion 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2668:Irish kingdoms 2665: 2660: 2655: 2653:Gaelic Ireland 2649: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2634: 2627: 2620: 2612: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2483: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2425: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2332: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2313:DaithĂ­ Ó MuirĂ­ 2310: 2305: 2303:Patrick Pearse 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2263:Dara Ó Conaola 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2224: 2222: 2220:Connacht Irish 2213: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2173:Gaelic revival 2170: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2149: 2142: 2135: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2093: 2092:External links 2090: 2087: 2086: 2077: 2058: 2041: 2021: 2008: 2003:Celtic Culture 2000:John T. Koch. 1993: 1979: 1959: 1945: 1930: 1916: 1902: 1890: 1875: 1868:Teachtaireacht 1860: 1849:An MĂĄm Ó Dheas 1840: 1825: 1814: 1799: 1795:An DuinnĂ­neach 1781: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1742:Irish language 1737: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1724: 1716: 1708: 1700: 1692: 1684: 1676: 1668: 1660: 1652: 1644: 1636: 1628: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1605: 1597: 1589: 1581: 1573: 1565: 1557: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1531: 1523: 1515: 1507: 1499: 1491: 1483: 1475: 1467: 1459: 1451: 1443: 1437: 1429: 1421: 1413: 1405: 1397: 1389: 1381: 1375: 1367: 1361: 1353: 1340: 1337: 1309: 1306: 1302:Irish language 1252: 1249: 1245:CnĂĄmha Scoilte 1211:Teachtaireacht 1147:An MĂĄm Ăł Dheas 1072:AistĂ­ Eorpacha 997: 996: 988: 985: 981:DaithĂ­ Ó MuirĂ­ 903:Seal i Neipeal 871:Michael Davitt 844:. The work of 842:Dara Ó Conaola 825: 822: 814:Caoin ThĂș FĂ©in 726:Gaelic revival 684:County Kildare 660:active service 577:Secularization 499:Decolonization 491:Irish language 448:Patrick Pearse 444: 441: 353:ruathar an Ăłir 325:, the name in 323:Corca Dhuibhne 293:also chose to 271:An t-OileĂĄnach 245: 242: 176: 173: 157:Patrick Pearse 149:decolonization 141:Gaelic Revival 119: 118: 33: 31: 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4916: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4886: 4885: 4872: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4852:Public houses 4850: 4848: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4637: 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