33:
456:, some artisans tried brazing layers together. The sheets were soldered using silver solder or some other brazing alloy. This technique joined the metals, but is difficult to perfect, particularly on larger sheets. Flux inclusions could be trapped or bubbles could form. Commonly, imperfections need to be cut out, and the metal re-soldered. Ultimately the brazed sheets do not display the ductility and work-ability of diffusion bonded material.
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artisans to the brink of extinction. It reached a point where only scholars and collectors of metalwork were aware of the technique. It was not until the 1970s, when Hiroko Sato
Pijanowski – who learned the craft from Norio Tamagawa – that the craft was reignited in the public eye, as Hiroko and her
464:
The modernized process of solid-state bonding typically uses a controlled atmosphere in a temperature-controlled furnace. Mechanical aids such as a hydraulic press or torque plates (bolted clamps) are also typically used to apply compressive force on the billet during lamination. These provide for
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of simple stripes could be forged and carved to increase the pattern's complexity. Successful lamination using this process requires a highly skilled smith with a great deal of experience. Bonding in the traditional process is achieved when some or all of the alloys in the stack are heated to the
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compound produced specifically for use as a patina. The piece to be patinated is prepared, then immersed in a boiling solution until it reaches the desired color, and each element of a compound piece may be transformed to a different color. Historically, a paste of ground
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including yellow, white, sage, and rose hues as well as sterling silver. At the Santa Fe
Symposium, a major annual gathering of jewelers from around the world, there have been several papers presented on new, more predictable, and more economic, methods of producing
85:
fuses several layers of differently coloured precious metals together to form a sandwich of alloys called a "billet." The billet is then manipulated in such a way that a pattern resembling wood grain emerges over its surface. Numerous ways of working
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After the fusion of layers, the surface of the billet is cut with chisel to expose lower layers, then flattened. This cutting and flattening process will be repeated over and over again to develop intricate patterns.
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techniques around 1877, and at the Paris exposition of 1878, Tiffany's grand prize-winning display of Moore's "Japanesque" silver wares included a magnificent "Conglomerate Vase" with asymmetrical panels of
306:, along with gold and silver, to make laminates of up to twenty-four layers. Tiffany's display again won the grand prize for silver wares, and the company continued to produce its Japanesque silver with
100:
has been used to create many artistic objects. Though the technique was first developed for production of decorative sword fittings, the craft is today mostly used in the production of jewelry and
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is a
Japanese metalworking procedure which produces a mixed-metal laminate with distinctive layered patterns; the term is also used to refer to the resulting laminate itself. The term
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point of becoming partially molten (above solidus) this liquid alloy is what fuses the layers together. Careful heat control and skillful forging are required for this process.
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Modern processes are highly controlled and include a compressive force on the billet. This has allowed the technique to include many nontraditional components such as
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government and the end of the samurai class. The public display of swords as a sign of samurai status was outlawed. After this, the few metalsmiths who practiced
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the implementation of lower temperature solid-state diffusion between the interleaved layers, thus allowing the inclusion of non-traditional materials.
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techniques in preparation for the Paris exposition of 1889, where it displayed a vast array of
Japanesque silver, using ever more complex alloys of
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835:"Can you make copper & nickel Damascus?!? Mokume-gane," You Tube video showing the attempt of making a combined metal of copper and nickel,
32:
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bonds with one another without completely melting. This was useful in the traditional techniques of fusing and soldering the layers together.
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was developed in
England. It follows a similar principal of bonded layers, without use of solder, but typically had 2–3 layers, whereas
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create diverse patterns. Once the metal has been rolled into a sheet or bar, several techniques are used to produce a range of effects.
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translates closely to 'wood grain metal' or 'wood eye metal' and describes the way metal takes on the appearance of natural wood grain.
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had fallen into heavy obscurity. Japan's movement away from traditional craftwork, paired with the great difficulty of mastering
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radish was also used to prepare the work for the patina. The paste was applied immediately before the piece is boiled in the
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stopped serving as a weapon and became largely a status symbol, a demand arose for elaborate decorative handles and sheaths.
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materials, along with new possibilities for laminating metals such as the use of friction-stir welding.
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along with most other sword related artisans largely transferred their skills to create other objects.
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Today, jewelry, flatware, hollowware, spinning tops and other artistic objects are made using
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In liquid phase fusion, metal sheets were stacked and carefully heated; the solid
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with alternating layers of red and black. Other historical names for it were
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returning ruling power to the emperor, following the dissolution of the
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282:. Moore and Tiffany's silver smiths continued to develop its popular
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back to the United States and began teaching it to their students.
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were relatively soft metals and alloys (gold, copper, silver,
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to protect the surface against tarnish and uneven coloring.
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To increase the contrast between the laminate layers, many
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In attempting to recreate the appearance of traditional
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One example of a traditional
Japanese patination for
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industry dried up in the late 19th century, with the
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685:"Old Process, New Technology: Modern Mokume Gane"
583: – Jewelry rings or bands mainly of titanium
127:was originally used for swords. As the customary
742:Pijanowski, H.S. & Pijanowski, G.M. (2001).
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339:husband Eugene Pijanowski brought the craft of
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839:(April 18, 2018), Retrieved December 15, 2018
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494:items are colored by the application of a
148:process. He initially called his product
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683:Binnion, J. E. & Chaix, B. (2002).
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138:(1651–1728), a master metalworker from
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312:techniques up into the 20th century.
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43:with a hawk and a sparrow, made by
460:Solid-state bonding (contemporary)
428:patterns in gold and silver alloys
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744:"Wood Grained Metal: Mokume-Gane"
615:Mokume Gane A comprehensive study
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221:) which would form liquid phase
117:First developed in 17th-century
433:Liquid phase fusion (historic)
386:, and various colors of karat
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589: – Swordmaking technique
316:20th-21st century development
27:Japanese mixed-metal laminate
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786:Magnificent Tiffany Silver
581:Mokume-gane titanium rings
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320:By the mid 20th century,
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191:The early components of
1367:Nickel silver (alpacca)
613:Midgett, Steve (2000).
765:Cite journal requires
718:Cite journal requires
650:. 2002. Archived from
571:could have many more.
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1708:Other natural objects
831:at Wikimedia Commons
784:Loring, John (2001).
648:andrewnycedesigns.com
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134:To meet this demand,
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1183:Wire wrapped jewelry
1163:Repoussé and chasing
617:. earthshine press.
1856:Composite materials
1725:Ebonite (vulcanite)
788:. Harry N. Abrams.
644:"About Mokume Gane"
538:, a complex copper
469:Development of the
446:Soldering (brazing)
414:brass/copper billet
160:, a type of carved
1070:Jewellery designer
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240:Meiji Restoration
16:(Redirected from
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1866:Metalworking
1835:Wearable art
1830:Phaleristics
1825:Metalworking
1730:Gutta-percha
1506:Lapis lazuli
1361:
1292:Colored gold
1173:Stonesetting
821:
804:
785:
779:
758:cite journal
747:. Retrieved
711:cite journal
700:. Retrieved
689:the original
656:. Retrieved
652:the original
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256:Adoption of
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47:, using the
29:
1772:Art jewelry
1596:Tiger's eye
1501:Labradorite
1451:Chrysocolla
1446:Chrysoberyl
1362:Mokume-gane
1339:Base metals
1111:centrifugal
1080:Silversmith
955:Ferronnière
905:Belt buckle
900:Belly chain
829:Mokume-gane
568:mokume-gane
519:mokume-gane
491:mokume-gane
472:mokume-gane
453:mokume-gane
425:Mokume-gane
422:Example of
411:Mokume-gane
394:mokume-gane
356:mokume-gane
349:Present day
342:mokume-gane
335:mokume-gane
329:mokume-gane
323:mokume-gane
309:mokume-gane
285:mokume-gane
279:mokume-gane
272:mokume-gane
262:in the West
259:mokume-gane
249:mokume-gane
234:faded. The
231:mokume-gane
194:mokume-gane
167:kasumi-uchi
162:lacquerwork
145:mokume-gane
124:mokume-gane
97:Mokume-gane
89:mokume-gane
82:Mokume-gane
76:mokume-gane
60:Mokume-gane
50:mokume-gane
18:Mokume gane
1850:Categories
1606:Tourmaline
1551:Prasiolite
1426:Aventurine
1297:Crown gold
1199:Draw plate
1148:Metal clay
1085:Watchmaker
1075:Lapidarist
1060:Clockmaker
935:Collar pin
930:Chatelaine
749:2007-01-26
702:2007-01-26
658:2015-02-10
600:References
401:Techniques
176:itame-gane
102:hollowware
1752:Toadstone
1689:Operculum
1616:Variscite
1611:Turquoise
1591:Tanzanite
1526:Moonstone
1521:Marcasite
1516:Malachite
1441:Carnelian
1416:Amazonite
1403:gemstones
1377:Pinchbeck
1322:Argentium
1312:Shibuichi
1253:Palladium
1232:Materials
1168:Soldering
1158:Polishing
1133:Engraving
1128:Enameling
1094:Processes
1065:Goldsmith
1000:Tie chain
975:Neck ring
965:Lapel pin
874:Jewellery
540:verdigris
303:shibuichi
244:shogunate
223:diffusion
209:shibuichi
151:guri bori
53:technique
1820:Gemology
1794:Fineness
1785:(purity)
1720:Bog-wood
1667:Precious
1647:Ammolite
1586:Sunstone
1576:Sodalite
1571:Sapphire
1531:Obsidian
1471:Fluorite
1461:Diopside
1421:Amethyst
1401:Mineral
1392:Tungsten
1387:Titanium
1302:Electrum
1258:Platinum
1143:Kazaziye
1138:Filigree
1116:lost-wax
1015:Toe ring
1005:Tie clip
980:Pectoral
970:Necklace
945:Cufflink
920:Bracelet
915:Bolo tie
895:Barrette
575:See also
484:Coloring
368:platinum
364:titanium
217:kuromido
185:yosefuki
1815:Fashion
1789:Finding
1637:Abalone
1546:Peridot
1511:Larimar
1496:Kyanite
1481:Howlite
1466:Emerald
1456:Diamond
1329:Tumbaga
1307:Shakudō
1263:Rhodium
1214:Mandrel
1153:Plating
1106:Casting
1101:Carving
1010:Tie pin
985:Pendant
960:Genital
950:Earring
550:rokushō
534:rokushō
510:rokushō
475:pattern
291:shakudō
201:shakudō
113:Origins
108:History
1861:Alloys
1779:(mass)
1715:Bezoar
1621:Zircon
1581:Spinel
1556:Quartz
1491:Jasper
1476:Garnet
1372:Pewter
1357:Copper
1352:Bronze
1279:alloys
1268:Silver
1219:Pliers
1209:Hammer
1121:vacuum
1048:People
1041:Making
1025:pocket
925:Brooch
890:Anklet
792:
621:
545:daikon
496:patina
439:billet
376:bronze
236:katana
213:, and
182:, and
1783:Carat
1777:Carat
1765:Terms
1740:Shell
1694:Pearl
1684:Nacre
1674:Ivory
1662:Black
1657:Coral
1652:Copal
1642:Amber
1601:Topaz
1560:smoky
1431:Beryl
1411:Agate
1347:Brass
1192:Tools
1030:strap
1020:Watch
995:Tiara
940:Crown
910:Bindi
882:Forms
526:niiro
504:Niiro
380:brass
119:Japan
39:Tsuba
1735:Hair
1566:Ruby
1541:Opal
1536:Onyx
1486:Jade
1248:Gold
1204:File
990:Ring
790:ISBN
771:help
724:help
619:ISBN
388:gold
372:iron
300:and
297:sedo
157:guri
1679:Jet
1435:red
694:PDF
68:木目金
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