602:
498:
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209:
372:
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486:
451:
252:
869:, which provoked settler paranoia of indigenous violence. The Klamath were asked to leave, but they refused. Local Molala headman Crooked Finger protected the right for Klamath to reside among their Molala relatives. After a series of thefts, an armed group of settlers killed several Klamath and forced them to flee eastwards into the Cascade Mountains. One late 19th century account misremembered the violence as between settlers and Molala, rather than the Klamath.
614:
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798:
810:
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837:
960:"He was proud of his Indian blood and urged his people to stand by their race. Fifty years of education and training has made the Indians capable of citizenship. He thought the future was bright with hope for the Indians. He urged his people to seize the opportunities that surround them and make the most of them."
980:
In
September 1913 Yelkes was found dead with head injuries. Two months later in November, a Clackamas County grand jury issued a warrant for Harry Clark, a mixed race native. The coroner upon examination of Yelkes' body felt he died from alcohol. In the subsequent trial the jury concluded there was a
831:
He skinned
Grizzly, then began cutting him up; he scattered his body in little pieces all over. Then to the Molala country he threw the heart. He said, "Now the Molala will be good hunters: they will all be good men, thinking and studying about hunting deer. They will think all the time they are on a
529:
were "economically the most important resource exploited" by the Molala peoples. While they employed pitfalls and snares, most big game hunting was accomplished by bow and arrow. Hunting dogs were trained to pursue game as well. Klamath informants told Spier that Molala dogs were small, "with short
971:
Henry Yelkes was one of the last Molala yaʔqánt. He maintained a homestead on the
Northern fork of the Molalla River and was held in high regard by neighboring settlers. In September 1913, during festivities in the town of Molalla, Yelkes was the guest of honor. The event was held to celebrate the
342:
When seasonal resources became available the family would separate into smaller groups to exploit and gather them. Due to these population trends leadership among the Molala was in turn quite decentralized, localized, and task-orientated. The wealthiest individuals of a village were referred to as
338:
Molala society was centered upon winter villages. Usually these were composed of a single extended family and placed in low-elevation locations. Winter homesteads were made of red cedar and western hemlock planks and semi-subterranean. Summer homes were unexcavated and composed of either thatch or
904:
Because these agreements allowed for the
Kalapuyans and Molala to retain portions of the Willamette Valley, settlers protested the Dart Treaties. Their complaints reached the US Congress, which subsequently refused to approve the Treaties. Dart resigned in consequence, leaving the issue of Molala
759:
was practiced to bolster the desirability of their women to the
Chinookans. While some intermarriage with Kalapuyans was reported, the Molala attacked them for slaves. The Klamath people were intimately close to the Molala, enough to "suggest contact between these two groups throughout the entire
948:
To avoid the settler violence, some
Southern Molala moved onto the Klamath Reservation during the mid-19th century. In April 1870, a Molala resident of the Klamath Reservation named Spike attempted to kill three people, succeeding in murdering one Klamath. He was captured and presented to Agency
896:
Going against his initial orders, Dart eventually acquiesced to establishing reservations in the
Willamette Valley. Among the Treaties drafted by Dart were two for the Molala. In exchange for yielding much of their territory, on 6 May, the Northern Molala agreed to payments of goods, cash, and a
751:
Prior to the introduction of horses in the 1820s-1830s, Molala contact with their neighbors appears to have been slight. They resided between several divergent cultural areas which were shaped by distinct ecological regions. Among the bordering peoples were the
Kalapuya to west in the Willamette
775:
peoples. Gatschet reported the last known Cayuse raid occurred in the late 1820s. A Molala man of social prominence was killed in the attack. A Clackamas man served as an intermediary between the Molala and the Cayuse raiders to arrange for a battle. In the ensuing two day skirmish the
Molalas
367:
The Molala were initially separated into two groups by scholars, although evidence of a third division exists. However, little is recorded of the linguistic and cultural diversity among the Molala peoples. The three reported groupings are the
Southern Molala, the Upper Santiam Molala, and the
912:
in January 1855 he oversaw a series of negotiations that resulted in the Willamette Valley Treaty. Among others, the Northern and Upper Santiam Molala agreed to abandon the Willamette Valley in favor of a location selected by Palmer. The agreement was ratified by Congress in March 1855.
921:
In Autumn 1855 "the last Indian scare of any importance" in the Willamette Valley occurred. Fears arose that a force of Klamath were incoming to sack settler homesteads. After a day however a group of Molalas informed the fearful settlers no conflict with the Klamath was imminent.
308:
During the 1960s, Rigsby interviewed several informants at the Warm Springs Reservation to match Murdock's narrative. No one recalled stories of conflict with the Molala, or of their supposed eviction from Tygh Valley. One informant stated that after the fish runs ended in the
826:
encountered Grizzly Bear, who challenged them to a duel. Rather than combat, Coyotes suggests on seeing who could eat the most hot stones. However, instead of ingesting rocks, Coyote ate wild strawberries. After eating five hot stones Grizzly Bear died and Coyote studied the
976:"I am the last of the Molalla Indians. They named this place from our tribe. When I was a boy there were many of my people here Now they are all gone. My hat of deerskin and flicker feathers belonged to my grandfather. But he and the old times are gone."
320:
determined that Sahaptin inhabitation of Tygh Valley and utilization of the Deschutes Watershed predated the 19th century. Both French and Rigsby concluded the regional resources were jointly used by Sahaptin speakers, Wasco-Wishram peoples, and the
889:. Federal orders were for the various native peoples residing west of Cascades to be forcibly relocated to reservations established to the east of the mountains. Dart started negotiations with the various Willamette Valley natives in Spring 1851 at
925:
During the winter of 1855-1856 the Northern Molala and Upper Santiam Molala were forced to relocate to the newly established Grand Ronde Reservation. In 1889 there were reportedly 31 Molalas residing on the Grand Ronde Reservation.
530:
legs, the hind legs crooked. They were short-haired, had erect ears, short faces, with sometimes black marks on the upper eyelids..." A number of other animals were hunted, not for sustenance but for feathers or fur, such as the
784:
Only a few Molala myths remain extant, recorded by ethnographers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Boas recounts a story told by the Molala of the world once being entirely covered in water. As the world ocean receded,
872:
During June 1848 a group of Molala or Klamath were suspected of stealing clothing and a horse. A militia was formed and pursued the group of natives, who abandoned the settler's horse and two horses of their own.
858:
admonished the violence for creating tension with the natives of the Willamette Valley. The violence was in retaliation for a visiting Klamath having stolen "some article of trifling value..."
1188:
85:
1536:
937:" constantly annoying the settlers by passing to and fro over our premises, leaving fences down, and occasionally committing petit larcenies...The fact is, these Indians are a nuisance..."
2163:
1451:
893:. He was unable to get anyone to agree to removal into Eastern Oregon. The general lack of knowledge of available food resources in the unfamiliar region caused much of the protest.
638:
Located nearby Crater Lake, Huckleberry Mountain was the "single-most important berry-gathering area" for the Southern Molala and Klamath. Edible berries in the vicinity include the
601:
3846:
282:
The three informants used by Teit were appraised as being invalid by other scholars. None were descendants or related to the Molala, Northern Paiute, or the Tenino. According to
3930:
279:. He claimed pressure from the Northern Paiute forced the Molala to relocate to the Western Cascades. Joel V. Berreman accepted Teit's hypothesis and in 1937 expanded upon it.
1706:
Sketch of the Wallamette Valley, showing the purchases and reservations made by the Board of Commissioners, appointed to treat with the Indians of Oregon. April and May 1851
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reservation centered on the Molalla River eastwards to the Cascades. On the following day the Upper Santiam Molala agreed to similar terms, with a reservation going from
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497:
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1685:
305:. According to Murdock, sometime in the early 19th century, coveting this bountiful resource, Tenino warriors forced the Molala to flee to the western Cascades.
989:
A private collection of Molala artifacts located in Mt Angel in 1931 included 535 flint arrowheads, an 8 inch tomahawk head, and an assortment of beadwork.
997:
972:
opening of passenger rail service by the Portland, Eugene & Eastern Railway Company. Before the assembled crowds, the otherwise reserved Yelkes spoke:
141:
1517:
908:
Joel Palmer was the next Superintendent who negotiated a series of Treaties with Oregon Natives that were largely approved by the Federal Government. At
289:
In the 1930s Tenino informants of the Warm Springs Reservation told Murdock that Molalas once had a winter village in Tygh Valley. Large quantities of
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2098:
1624:
1478:
1457:
1526:
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considered the Molala to have once "occupied a belt of mountain country south of the Columbia River, chiefly about Mounts Hood and Jefferson."
3874:
3696:
3318:
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2753:
2734:
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2038:
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1440:
89:
46:
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1413:
2070:
553:
2114:
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At the opening ceremonies of the 1915 Siletz Fair, a Molala headman named John Williams delivered an address that was described by the
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57:. There are few recorded sources about the Molala, the majority being unpublished manuscripts. This assortment includes the works of
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1417:
371:
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317:
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The Northern Molala principally were concentrated in the Molalla River watershed. The only recorded Northern Molala autonym is
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A prominent story is the creation of the Molala people, told by Stephen Savage to Gatschet in 1877. One day near Mount Hood,
756:
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inundated the region. Fire was utilized by the Molala to create openings in these dense stands for preferred food resources.
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3612:
2139:
294:
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were captured by either basket traps or harpoons. Once gathered the meat was dried and stored for future consumption.
3826:
1236:
1206:
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are called the "Upper Santiam Molala" by ethnologists to differentiate them from the neighboring Santiam Kalapuyans.
286:
this didn't "constitute an adequate basis for a definitive reconstruction of the history" of these native societies.
509:
3935:
3776:
3288:
1700:
1371:
1266:"'Notes on the Tenino, Molala, and Paiute of Oregon' in Tribal Distribution in Eastern Oregon and Adjacent Regions"
561:
A number of plant resources were utilized seasonally by the Molala. In their western territories were prairies of
3293:
3273:
2094:
2066:
1183:
1059:
949:
officials. After a short trial Spike was executed by hanging. In 1881 there 55 Molalas living among the Klamath.
259:
In his 1846 work Hale placed the Molala as largely between the Deschutes River and the Eastern Cascades. In 1891
3753:
1710:
1387:
1027:
942:
898:
862:
298:
35:
771:, "upstreamers", occasionally attacked Molala settlements for slaves These slavers were from the Cayuse and
3841:
3801:
3796:
3583:
3308:
1893:
1879:
1865:
1851:
1837:
760:
area of Molala occupation." The Southern Molala exchanged buckskins in return for Klamath crafted beads and
3593:
968:. There, they were joined by 50 Grand Ronde members, and the group participated in the annual hop harvest.
3763:
3588:
2086:
1990:
1654:
1468:
647:
578:
444:
322:
213:
58:
577:, dried, blended with hazelnuts, and stored in sacks. To east, in the higher elevations of the Cascades,
1944:
1919:
1785:
1732:
1616:
590:
586:
405:
1940:
855:
3706:
3333:
2014:
1760:
1532:
965:
655:
643:
582:
233:
3786:
3278:
1149:
1021:
1009:
651:
639:
276:
66:
2030:
485:
3889:
3298:
1898:
1884:
1870:
1856:
1842:
1828:
1679:
1544:
1513:
Eighty-Fifth Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of the Interior
1432:
1322:
1277:
1245:
1215:
1192:
1108:
1071:
1005:
823:
663:
260:
237:
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Valley, the Upper Chinookans to north on the Columbia River, and the Klamath to the southeast.
417:
251:
151:
2058:
613:
3899:
3811:
3806:
3738:
3723:
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3635:
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3440:
3323:
3303:
1967:
1909:
1817:
1806:
1579:
1554:
1511:
1482:
1436:
1314:
1100:
1063:
761:
740:
675:
667:
526:
450:
325:. The Molala perhaps visited but didn't permanently inhabit the area during the 19th century.
310:
956:
as "eloquent, patriotic and impressive." The newspaper continued to detail Williams' speech:
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3500:
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1994:
1949:
1924:
1781:
1342:
1306:
890:
736:
729:
703:
671:
659:
625:
562:
388:
221:
109:
54:
1089:"A Most Sacred Place: The Significance of Crater Lake among the Indians of Southern Oregon"
901:
westward to the Santiam River. There were 121 or 123 Molalas total between the two groups.
3884:
3743:
3550:
3505:
3455:
3368:
1669:
1665:
1145:
930:
854:
In late March 1848, settlers burnt down a Molala headman's household who was out hunting.
797:
732:
725:
719:
566:
356:
74:
31:
1407:
981:
lack of evidence tying Clark to the death of Yelkes. Clark was released in January 1914.
941:
Reportedly in November 1870 an outbreak of smallpox spread among the Molala residing in
3879:
3771:
3748:
3728:
3686:
3671:
3525:
3510:
3470:
3425:
1984:
1597:
1261:
1001:
993:
909:
547:
440:
290:
283:
197:
93:
70:
1569:
992:
As of 2008, Molala produced beaded moccasins and woven baskets were on display at the
755:
Upper Chinookan crafted canoes were particularly sought after by the Northern Molala.
96:. In the 1950s 141 of the 882 Grand Ronde Reservation members claimed Molala descent.
3919:
3831:
3691:
3681:
3560:
3555:
3515:
3435:
3430:
699:
570:
522:
426:
302:
245:
229:
181:
155:
1854:, ed. (1913-09-21). "New 'Iron Horse' too much for 'Old Buck,' Pioneer of Molalla".
1500:
3816:
3791:
3781:
3733:
3485:
3399:
3394:
3389:
2006:
1826:
Hunsacker, Thomas H. (1917-03-03). Shelton, J. E. (ed.). "A Tale of Pioneer Days".
1612:
1593:
1496:
1403:
1358:
1338:
1169:
1137:
809:
687:
679:
380:
348:
78:
1153:
1048:"The First Stage of the Federal Indian Policy in the Pacific Northwest, 1849-1852"
30:
This article is about the Native American people. For their extinct language, see
1548:
1426:
1346:
1125:
3904:
3460:
397:, far-off people, by the Northern Molala, while the Klamath referred to them as
384:
241:
3230:
1965:
Taber, Graham P., ed. (1913-09-24). "Chief Henry Yelkis is believed murdered".
1907:
Putnam, George, ed. (1931-08-18). "Indian Relics Kronberg Home Are Fine Show".
1477:. Contributions to North American Ethnology. Vol. 2, Part I. Washington, D.C.:
3358:
3313:
2131:
1639:
1367:
1227:
882:
866:
786:
574:
531:
430:
272:
225:
62:
1318:
1104:
1067:
17:
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3283:
1704:
1295:"Too Small a Place: The Removal of the Willamette Valley Indians, 1850-1856"
1024:(c. 1844–1938), ethnographic informant and among the last speakers of Molala
836:
772:
683:
543:
1671:[Tualatin and Santiam Kalapuyan linguistic and ethnographic notes.]
1998:
3656:
3465:
3420:
3363:
1472:
165:
1528:
Cultural Resource Overview of Willamette National Forest, Western Oregon
1249:
1231:
1219:
1201:
1112:
1088:
1075:
1047:
3661:
3545:
3530:
3480:
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1660:
Manuscript No. 998. Washington D.C.: National Anthropological Archives.
1326:
1294:
355:
influence. Ownership of slaves and horses, along with animal hides and
316:
After a decade of work among the Wascos and Sahaptins of Warm Springs,
1281:
1265:
861:
During the Spring 1848, eighty Klamath people arrived in contemporary
3540:
3520:
1623:. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 12. Washington D.C.:
840:
The Molala believed they were created by Coyote from atop Mount Hood.
707:
539:
535:
50:
3604:
1310:
313:, certain Molala would travel to Sherars Falls to continue fishing.
3415:
1868:, ed. (1913-11-23). "Harry Clark held for death of Indian Henry".
1330:
1285:
1253:
1116:
1079:
835:
573:
were gathered in the summer and autumn. Camas bulbs were baked in
552:
449:
416:
370:
250:
207:
964:
In September 1919 Williams led a group of 60 Siletz residents to
1412:. Memoirs of American Anthropological Association. Menasha, WI:
3608:
3234:
2156:"Huckleberry Mountain Serves Indigenous for Thousands of Years"
1896:, ed. (1919-09-04). "Heap Big Chief Lead Braves to Hop Yards".
1571:
Coyote was going there: Indian literature of the Oregon country
351:
by settlers. Assistance to relatives was the primary source of
2115:"The Battle of Abiqua, Second Battle of the Willamette Valley"
379:
The Southern Molala inhabited the headwaters of the Rogue and
1347:"The Waiilatpuan Problem: More on Cayuse-Molala Relatability"
2858:
2856:
2854:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2515:
2513:
2353:
2351:
1840:, ed. (1913-08-10). "Last of Molallas, a contented farmer".
565:, an important caloric source. Found in the drier prairies,
2243:
2241:
1531:. University of Oregon Anthropological Papers. Eugene, OR:
2368:
2366:
1882:, ed. (1914-01-16). ""Indian Harry" is found not guilty".
1189:
Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon
86:
Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon
2724:
2722:
2326:
2324:
1804:
Hendricks, R. J., ed. (1886-11-05). "Mill Creek Falls".
1510:
McClane, James (1889). "Report of Grande Ronde Agency".
1126:"Indian Languages of the Pacific States and Territories"
359:, were the primary sources of wealth in Molala society.
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
1986:
Winuunsi Tm Talapaas: A Grammar of the Molalla Language
789:
became exposed first and latter the Willamette Valley.
447:
as a Molala village located on the Santiam headwaters.
3102:
3100:
1902:. Vol. 18, no. 154. Portland, OR. p. 6.
1888:. Vol. 12, no. 269. Portland, OR. p. 2.
1860:. Vol. 10, no. 24. Portland, OR. p. 10.
1792:. Vol. 1, no. 12. Oregon City, OR. p. 2
1553:. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1550:
Indian Linguistic Families of America: North of Mexico
593:. After being gathered huckleberries would be dried.
2952:
2950:
2311:
2309:
2296:
2294:
2292:
1874:. Vol. 10, no. 33. Portland, OR. p. 1.
1846:. Vol. 10, no. 18. Portland, OR. p. 7.
1376:
University of Washington Publications in Anthropology
933:
complained about the nearby Grand Ronde Reservation:
168:. The Tenino additionally referred to the Molalas as
2967:
2965:
2228:
2226:
1733:"[Letter from Molalla, September 23, 1857.]"
3865:
3762:
3714:
3642:
3569:
3408:
3382:
3341:
3266:
1832:. Vol. 52, no. 63. Eugene, OR. p. 8.
1810:. Vol. 19, no. 189. Salem, OR. p. 2.
275:presented the idea that the Molala once resided in
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
1232:"Minto Pass: Its History, and an Indian Tradition"
1772:Collins, Robert E., ed. (1914-09-13). "Newport".
581:were collected in the late summer; alongside the
1751:Brown, Mart V., ed. (1870-11-25). "State News".
1815:Hendricks, R. J., ed. (1915-04-08). "Molalla".
974:
958:
935:
829:
728:is extinct. Currently it is included among the
255:A mixed western hemlock and Douglas fir canopy
27:Native American tribe in present-day Oregon, US
1237:The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society
1052:The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society
3620:
3246:
2357:
1158:International Journal of American Linguistics
8:
2011:Linguistic relations in the Southern Plateau
1425:Chapman, Judith S.; Ray, Lois E. H. (2008).
1008:, and the Museum of the Oregon Territory of
3931:Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
2886:
2603:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGatschet1877 (
220:Molala territory once stretched across the
3627:
3613:
3605:
3253:
3239:
3231:
3221:
3195:sfn error: no target: CITEREFJackson1914 (
2862:
2617:
2550:
2531:
2519:
2504:
2259:
2247:
1684:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1606:, Berkeley: University of California Press
1474:The Klamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon
1453:Huckleberry Mountain Traditional-Use Study
236:headwaters in the south. Dense forests of
108:is considered to have originated from the
3579:Native American peoples of Oregon history
3142:
3019:
2910:
2783:sfn error: no target: CITEREFZenkRigsby (
2752:sfn error: no target: CITEREFZenkRigsby (
2733:sfn error: no target: CITEREFZenkRigsby (
2330:
2198:
1953:. Vol. 3. Oregon City, OR. p. 2
1928:. Vol. 5. Oregon City, OR. p. 2
1763:, ed. (1870-04-15). "An Indian Tragedy".
117:. Variants in written literature include
3178:
3154:
3130:
2983:
2598:
2574:
2444:
2396:
2283:
2031:"The Early Treaty Making Period of 1851"
1625:United States Government Printing Office
1479:United States Government Printing Office
84:Descendants of the Molala reside on the
3190:
3118:
3106:
2939:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCTSI2024 (
2701:
2468:
2456:
2315:
2300:
2184:
1645:. Manuscript No. 999. Washington D.C.:
1179:"The Molalla: a nation of good hunters"
887:Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs
3209:
3091:
3007:
2995:
2874:
2833:
2821:
2778:
2747:
2728:
2677:
2562:
2492:
2480:
2420:
2384:
2372:
2271:
2232:
1731:Adams, Williams L., ed. (1857-09-26).
1677:
743:being considered the closest related.
3941:Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians
3319:Western Oregon Indian Termination Act
3166:
3079:
3067:
3055:
3043:
3031:
2971:
2922:
2898:
2845:
2809:
2797:
2766:
2689:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2586:
2113:Lewis, David G. (December 30, 2017).
2039:Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians
297:were gathered every spring along the
90:Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians
7:
2956:
2934:
2432:
2408:
2342:
2217:
1414:American Anthropological Association
2713:
1918:Schnebly, D. J., ed. (1851-05-15).
1525:Minor, Rick; Pecor, Aubrey (1977).
865:. This occurred during the ongoing
1703:; Starling, Edward A. (May 1851).
776:considered themselves victorious.
25:
1647:National Anthropological Archives
1351:Journal of Northwest Anthropology
1202:"New Light on the Molala Indians"
929:In 1857, settlers located around
3926:Native American tribes in Oregon
3852:Oregon Constitutional Convention
3705:
3332:
2136:Native Languages of the Americas
1539:from the original on 2024-02-18.
1463:from the original on 2020-09-29.
1420:from the original on 2020-07-10.
1154:"Clackamas Chinook Texts Part 2"
808:
796:
624:
612:
600:
508:
496:
484:
412:People of the Serviceberry Tract
2166:from the original on 2020-10-31
2142:from the original on 2023-01-22
2101:from the original on 2023-11-10
2073:from the original on 2023-12-13
2045:from the original on 2023-11-30
767:Groups of armed men called the
439:as a native settlement outside
53:that originally resided in the
1576:University of Washington Press
1384:University of Washington Press
557:A bread made from camas bulbs.
443:, which was later reported by
1:
1983:Pharris, Nicholas J. (2006).
1945:"Willamette Indian Relations"
1409:Tribal Distribution in Oregon
1124:Gatschet, Albert S. (1877a).
267:Tygh Valley origin hypothesis
216:, part of the Molala homeland
3261:Indigenous peoples in Oregon
2154:Turner, Kenan (2017-02-24).
2117:. Ethnohistory Research, LLC
2087:"Willamette Valley Treaties"
1739:. Oregon City, OR. p. 2
1568:Ramsey, Jarold, ed. (1977).
1372:"The Middle Columbia Salish"
1130:Magazine of American History
295:Columbia River redband trout
1674:. University of Washington.
1505:. Philadelphia: C. Sherman.
1207:Oregon Historical Quarterly
1093:Oregon Historical Quarterly
1030:(c. 1865–1930), storyteller
3957:
3777:Lewis and Clark Expedition
3289:Northern Kalapuya language
2063:www.oregonencyclopedia.org
1786:"Indian Depredations, ETC"
1518:Government Printing Office
1402:Berreman, Joel V. (1937).
717:
190:. The Molalas were called
29:
3703:
3330:
3294:Oregon Penutian languages
3274:Central Kalapuya language
2358:Gibbs & Starling 1851
2095:Oregon Historical Society
2067:Oregon Historical Society
2059:"Kalapuya Treaty of 1855"
1989:(Thesis). Ann Arbor, MI:
1502:Ethnography and Philology
1345:; Goss, James A. (eds.).
1299:American Indian Quarterly
1136:(3): 145–166 – via
1060:Oregon Historical Society
180:, likely borrowed by the
2085:Lewis, David G. (2014).
1899:The Oregon Daily Journal
1885:The Oregon Daily Journal
1871:The Oregon Daily Journal
1857:The Oregon Daily Journal
1843:The Oregon Daily Journal
1776:. Toledo, OR. p. 1.
1755:. Albany, OR. p. 2.
1711:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1600:; Lowie, Robert (eds.),
1574:. Seattle & London:
1388:University of Washington
1357:(2): 68–146 – via
1028:Victoria Wishikin Howard
905:sovereignty unresolved.
347:by the Molala or simply
140:. Related terms used by
36:Molalla (disambiguation)
3842:Donation Land Claim Act
2057:Jette, Melinda (2014).
1971:. Salem, OR. p. 4.
1913:. Salem, OR. p. 4.
1821:. Salem, OR. p. 6.
1767:. Salem, OR. p. 2.
1765:Weekly Oregon Statesman
1450:Deur, Douglas (2002b).
1366:Teit, James H. (1928).
1293:Spores, Ronald (1993).
1270:American Anthropologist
1200:MacKey, Harold (1972).
1177:Johnson, Oscar (1999).
1087:Deur, Douglas (2002a).
421:The North Santiam River
3875:Lewis & Clark Expo
3222:Chapman & Ray 2008
2863:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2618:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2551:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2532:Minor & Pecor 1977
2520:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2505:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2260:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2248:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2160:Jefferson Public Radio
1991:University of Michigan
1753:States Rights Democrat
1617:Sturtevant, William C.
978:
962:
939:
850:Tensions with settlers
841:
834:
640:Littleleaf Huckleberry
631:Pacific Serviceberries
619:Mountain Huckleberries
579:Mountain Huckleberries
558:
455:
422:
376:
256:
217:
214:Umpqua National Forest
142:neighboring indigenous
34:. For other uses, see
1774:Lincoln County Reader
1615:(1998). "Molala". In
1431:. Images of America.
1386:: 83–128 – via
954:Lincoln County Leader
839:
587:Oval-leaf Huckleberry
556:
464:, used to mean both "
453:
420:
374:
254:
211:
3895:Rajneeshee Bioattack
3797:Hudson's Bay Company
2781:, pp. 439, 443.
2577:, pp. 157, 426.
2015:University of Oregon
1943:, ed. (1848-03-23).
1784:, ed. (1848-06-24).
1709:. Washington, D.C.:
1533:University of Oregon
1150:Voegelin, Charles F.
1046:Coan, C. F. (1921).
747:Neighoring societies
660:Evergreen Blackberry
503:Columbian Black-Deer
232:in the north to the
3822:Executive Committee
3787:Pacific Fur Company
3754:Cascadia Megathrust
3010:, pp. 181–183.
2750:, pp. 439–440.
2704:, pp. 358–359.
2507:, pp. 441–442.
2471:, pp. 396–398.
2262:, pp. 444–445.
2091:Oregon Encyclopedia
1968:The Capital Journal
1941:T'Vault, William G.
1910:The Capital Journal
1655:Gatschet, Albert S.
1627:. pp. 439–445.
1603:Klamath Ethnography
1545:Powell, John Wesley
1520:. pp. 269–270.
1516:. Washington D.C.:
1469:Gatschet, Albert S.
1058:(1). Portland, OR:
1022:Molala Kate Chantal
1010:Oregon City, Oregon
877:Treaty negotiations
694:Manufacturerd items
391:. They were called
383:along the bases of
67:Leo J. Frachtenberg
3349:Bridge of the Gods
3299:Salishan languages
2644:, pp. 9, 160.
2435:, p. 100-101.
2132:"Molale (Molalla)"
1920:"Treaties 5 and 6"
1598:Kroeber, Alfred L.
1433:Arcadia Publishing
1382:(4). Seattle, WA:
1222:– via JSTOR.
1166:Indiana University
842:
664:Blackcap Raspberry
559:
456:
445:Albert S. Gatschet
423:
377:
261:John Wesley Powell
257:
218:
59:Albert S. Gatschet
3936:Willamette Valley
3913:
3912:
3812:Champoeg Meetings
3807:Methodist Mission
3739:Willamette Valley
3724:Pacific Northwest
3636:History of Oregon
3602:
3601:
3324:Yoncalla language
3304:Shastan languages
2836:, pp. 64–65.
2779:Zenk & Rigsby
2748:Zenk & Rigsby
2729:Zenk & Rigsby
2656:, p. 30, 32.
2495:, pp. 81–82.
2447:, p. 44- 46.
2375:, pp. 80–81.
1818:Statesman Journal
1807:Statesman Journal
1790:Oregon Free Press
1761:Clarke, Samuel A.
1585:978-0-295-95441-7
1560:978-0-598-28444-0
1488:978-0-665-52744-9
1442:978-0-7385-5613-0
1343:Sprague, Roderick
644:Western Blueberry
607:Wild Strawberries
583:Cascade Blueberry
527:Black-tailed deer
454:The Molalla River
368:Northern Molala.
311:Willamette Valley
246:western red cedar
16:(Redirected from
3948:
3837:Oregon Territory
3709:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3606:
3374:Rogue River Wars
3336:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3232:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2960:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2726:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2668:, p. 20-21.
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2361:
2355:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2236:
2230:
2221:
2215:
2202:
2196:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2018:
2002:
1972:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1950:Oregon Spectator
1936:
1934:
1933:
1925:Oregon Spectator
1914:
1903:
1889:
1875:
1861:
1847:
1833:
1829:The Eugene Guard
1822:
1811:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1782:Curry, George L.
1777:
1768:
1756:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1689:
1683:
1675:
1666:Jacobs, Melville
1661:
1650:
1628:
1611:Zenk, Henry B.;
1607:
1589:
1564:
1540:
1521:
1506:
1492:
1464:
1462:
1446:
1421:
1391:
1362:
1334:
1289:
1257:
1223:
1196:
1191:. Archived from
1173:
1141:
1120:
1083:
943:Clackamas County
863:Clackamas county
812:
800:
730:Plateau Penutian
628:
616:
604:
512:
500:
488:
389:Mount McLoughlin
357:dentalium crafts
222:Western Cascades
104:The designation
55:Western Cascades
21:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3861:
3802:Oregon Question
3758:
3744:Missoula Floods
3710:
3701:
3638:
3633:
3603:
3598:
3589:Pioneer history
3584:History to 1806
3565:
3506:Northern Paiute
3404:
3378:
3369:Missoula Floods
3354:Kalapuya Treaty
3337:
3328:
3262:
3259:
3229:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3117:
3113:
3105:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3078:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2970:
2963:
2955:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2652:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2364:
2356:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2205:
2197:
2186:
2181:
2169:
2167:
2153:
2145:
2143:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2104:
2102:
2084:
2076:
2074:
2056:
2048:
2046:
2035:www.ctsi.nsn.us
2028:
2025:
2005:
1982:
1979:
1964:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1931:
1929:
1917:
1906:
1892:
1878:
1864:
1850:
1836:
1825:
1814:
1803:
1795:
1793:
1780:
1771:
1759:
1750:
1742:
1740:
1730:
1727:
1715:
1713:
1699:
1696:
1676:
1664:
1653:
1638:
1635:
1610:
1592:
1586:
1567:
1561:
1543:
1524:
1509:
1495:
1489:
1467:
1460:
1449:
1443:
1424:
1401:
1398:
1365:
1341:(Spring 1969).
1337:
1311:10.2307/1185526
1292:
1262:Murdock, George
1260:
1226:
1199:
1176:
1146:Jacobs, Meville
1144:
1123:
1086:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1018:
1002:Whatcom Museums
987:
919:
879:
856:William T'Vault
852:
847:
820:
819:
818:
817:
816:
813:
805:
804:
801:
782:
757:Head flattening
749:
733:language family
726:Molala language
722:
720:Molala language
716:
696:
686:from the local
672:Blue Elderberry
656:Black Twinberry
652:Wild Strawberry
648:Manzanita Berry
636:
635:
634:
633:
632:
629:
621:
620:
617:
609:
608:
605:
591:Red Huckleberry
520:
519:
518:
517:
516:
513:
505:
504:
501:
493:
492:
489:
478:
365:
336:
331:
323:Northern Paiute
318:David H. French
299:Deschutes River
269:
238:western hemlock
206:
102:
75:Melville Jacobs
47:Native American
39:
32:Molala language
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3954:
3952:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3918:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3880:Bonneville Dam
3877:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3772:Oregon Country
3768:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3749:Fort Rock Cave
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3729:Columbia River
3726:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3594:Modern history
3591:
3586:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3571:Oregon history
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3227:
3226:
3214:
3202:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3143:Hendricks 1915
3135:
3123:
3111:
3096:
3084:
3072:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3024:
3020:Hunsacker 1917
3012:
3000:
2998:, p. 178.
2988:
2976:
2961:
2946:
2927:
2915:
2911:Hendricks 1886
2903:
2891:
2879:
2877:, p. 118.
2867:
2865:, p. 444.
2850:
2848:, p. 241.
2838:
2826:
2824:, p. 240.
2814:
2802:
2790:
2771:
2759:
2740:
2731:, p. 440.
2718:
2706:
2694:
2692:, p. 194.
2682:
2670:
2658:
2646:
2634:
2632:, p. 158.
2622:
2620:, p. 440.
2610:
2601:, p. 363.
2591:
2579:
2567:
2555:
2553:, p. 445.
2536:
2524:
2522:, p. 443.
2509:
2497:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2459:, p. 400.
2449:
2437:
2425:
2423:, p. 127.
2413:
2411:, p. 197.
2401:
2399:, p. 157.
2389:
2387:, p. 134.
2377:
2362:
2347:
2345:, p. 214.
2335:
2331:Gatschet 1877a
2320:
2305:
2288:
2276:
2274:, p. 551.
2264:
2252:
2250:, p. 439.
2237:
2222:
2203:
2199:Gatschet 1877b
2183:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2151:
2127:
2110:
2082:
2054:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2013:. Eugene, OR:
2003:
1999:2027.42/125859
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1962:
1937:
1915:
1904:
1890:
1876:
1862:
1848:
1834:
1823:
1812:
1801:
1778:
1769:
1757:
1748:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1662:
1651:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1608:
1590:
1584:
1565:
1559:
1541:
1522:
1507:
1493:
1487:
1465:
1447:
1441:
1422:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1363:
1335:
1305:(2): 171–191.
1290:
1276:(3): 395–402.
1258:
1244:(3): 241–250.
1224:
1197:
1195:on 2020-01-16.
1174:
1142:
1121:
1084:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1017:
1016:Notable Molala
1014:
994:British Museum
986:
983:
918:
915:
885:was appointed
878:
875:
851:
848:
846:
843:
814:
807:
806:
802:
795:
794:
793:
792:
791:
781:
778:
748:
745:
718:Main article:
715:
712:
700:composite bows
695:
692:
676:Red Elderberry
630:
623:
622:
618:
611:
610:
606:
599:
598:
597:
596:
595:
548:Chinook salmon
515:Chinook Salmon
514:
507:
506:
502:
495:
494:
490:
483:
482:
481:
480:
479:
477:
474:
470:Molala people"
466:Molala person"
425:Molala of the
364:
361:
335:
332:
330:
327:
291:Sockeye salmon
284:George Murdock
268:
265:
212:A view of the
205:
202:
101:
100:Origin of name
98:
94:Klamath Tribes
71:Philip Drucker
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3953:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3832:Oregon Treaty
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3625:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3561:Wasco/Wishram
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3224:, p. 11.
3223:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3179:Jackson 1913c
3175:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3155:Jackson 1913b
3151:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3131:Jackson 1913a
3127:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3082:, p. 12.
3081:
3076:
3073:
3070:, p. 33.
3069:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2984:Schnebly 1851
2980:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2959:, p. 56.
2958:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2812:, p. 41.
2811:
2806:
2803:
2800:, p. 24.
2799:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2769:, p. 59.
2768:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2599:Gatschet 1877
2595:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2575:Gatschet 1890
2571:
2568:
2565:, p. 78.
2564:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2534:, p. 80.
2533:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2483:, p. 80.
2482:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2445:Berreman 1937
2441:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2397:Gatschet 1890
2393:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2286:, p. 44.
2285:
2284:Berreman 1937
2280:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2116:
2111:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:Rigsby, Bruce
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1701:Gibbs, George
1698:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:Rigsby, Bruce
1609:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1594:Spier, Leslie
1591:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1497:Hale, Horatio
1494:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1404:Spier, Leslie
1400:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:Rigsby, Bruce
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1184:Smoke Signals
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
984:
982:
977:
973:
969:
967:
961:
957:
955:
950:
946:
944:
938:
934:
932:
927:
923:
916:
914:
911:
906:
902:
900:
899:Mt. Jefferson
894:
892:
888:
884:
876:
874:
870:
868:
864:
859:
857:
849:
844:
838:
833:
828:
825:
811:
799:
790:
788:
779:
777:
774:
770:
765:
763:
758:
753:
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
731:
727:
721:
713:
711:
709:
705:
701:
693:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
627:
615:
603:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:tarweed seeds
568:
564:
555:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
524:
523:Roosevelt elk
511:
499:
491:Roosevelt Elk
487:
475:
473:
471:
467:
463:
462:
452:
448:
446:
442:
438:
437:
432:
428:
427:Santiam River
419:
415:
413:
409:
407:
402:
401:
396:
395:
390:
386:
382:
381:Umpqua Rivers
373:
369:
362:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
340:
333:
328:
326:
324:
319:
314:
312:
306:
304:
303:Sherars Falls
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
280:
278:
274:
266:
264:
262:
253:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Molalla River
227:
223:
215:
210:
203:
201:
199:
195:
194:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
115:
111:
107:
99:
97:
95:
91:
87:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
18:Molala people
3817:Oregon Trail
3792:Fort Astoria
3782:Fort Clatsop
3734:Celilo Falls
3697:Reservations
3676:
3490:
3400:Mount Mazama
3395:Celilo Falls
3390:Fort Clatsop
3217:
3205:
3191:Jackson 1914
3186:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3119:Jackson 1919
3114:
3107:Collins 1914
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2930:
2918:
2906:
2894:
2887:T'Vault 1848
2882:
2870:
2841:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2774:
2762:
2743:
2709:
2702:Pharris 2006
2697:
2685:
2673:
2661:
2649:
2637:
2625:
2613:
2594:
2589:, p. 4.
2582:
2570:
2558:
2527:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2469:Murdock 1938
2464:
2457:Murdock 1938
2452:
2440:
2428:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2338:
2316:McClane 1889
2301:Johnson 1999
2279:
2267:
2255:
2168:. Retrieved
2159:
2144:. Retrieved
2135:
2130:NLA (2005).
2119:. Retrieved
2103:. Retrieved
2090:
2075:. Retrieved
2062:
2047:. Retrieved
2034:
2010:
1985:
1966:
1955:. Retrieved
1948:
1930:. Retrieved
1923:
1908:
1897:
1894:Jackson, Sam
1883:
1880:Jackson, Sam
1869:
1866:Jackson, Sam
1855:
1852:Jackson, Sam
1841:
1838:Jackson, Sam
1827:
1816:
1805:
1794:. Retrieved
1789:
1773:
1764:
1752:
1741:. Retrieved
1737:Oregon Argus
1736:
1714:. Retrieved
1705:
1670:
1658:
1643:
1620:
1602:
1570:
1549:
1527:
1512:
1501:
1473:
1452:
1427:
1408:
1379:
1375:
1359:Google Books
1354:
1350:
1329:– via
1302:
1298:
1284:– via
1273:
1269:
1252:– via
1241:
1235:
1214:(1): 63–65.
1211:
1205:
1193:the original
1182:
1170:Project MUSE
1168:– via
1161:
1157:
1138:Google Books
1133:
1129:
1115:– via
1099:(1): 18–49.
1096:
1092:
1078:– via
1055:
1051:
1035:Bibliography
991:
988:
979:
975:
970:
966:Independence
963:
959:
953:
951:
947:
940:
936:
928:
924:
920:
907:
903:
895:
880:
871:
860:
853:
830:
821:
803:Grizzly Bear
783:
768:
766:
754:
750:
723:
698:Molala made
697:
668:Thimbleberry
637:
560:
521:
469:
465:
460:
459:
457:
435:
434:
424:
411:
408:-Area-People
406:Serviceberry
404:
399:
398:
393:
392:
378:
366:
363:Subdivisions
352:
344:
341:
337:
315:
307:
288:
281:
270:
258:
219:
192:
191:
186:
185:
176:
175:
170:
169:
160:
159:
146:
145:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
113:
112:
105:
103:
83:
79:Leslie Spier
42:
40:
3905:New Carissa
3890:Bottle Bill
3309:Thunderbird
3210:Putnam 1931
3092:Clarke 1870
3008:Spores 1993
2996:Spores 1993
2875:Ramsey 1977
2834:MacKey 1972
2822:Rigsby 1965
2678:Turner 2017
2563:Rigsby 1969
2493:Rigsby 1969
2481:Rigsby 1969
2421:Powell 1891
2385:Rigsby 1969
2373:Rigsby 1969
2272:Jacobs 1959
2233:Jacobs 1936
1640:Boas, Franz
1633:Manuscripts
1368:Boas, Franz
1228:Minto, John
917:Reservation
762:wocus seeds
704:Pacific Yew
680:Wax Currant
575:earth ovens
563:camas bulbs
400:čakġe•nkni•
385:Crater Lake
375:Crater Lake
277:Tygh Valley
242:Douglas fir
187:tlÄ-tĹn-pĹm
3920:Categories
3900:Tax Revolt
3359:Cayuse War
3167:Taber 1913
3080:Deur 2002b
3068:Deur 2002a
3056:Brown 1870
3044:Adams 1857
3032:Jette 2014
2972:Lewis 2014
2923:Curry 1848
2899:Lewis 2017
2846:Minto 1903
2810:Spier 1930
2798:Spier 1930
2767:Spier 1930
2690:Spier 1930
2666:Deur 2002b
2654:Deur 2002a
2642:Spier 1930
2630:Spier 1930
2587:Spier 1930
2179:References
2170:2024-02-18
2146:2024-02-17
2105:2024-02-18
2077:2024-02-18
2049:2024-02-18
1957:2024-02-19
1932:2024-02-19
1796:2024-02-19
1743:2024-02-19
1725:Newspapers
1716:2024-02-18
1006:Washington
883:Anson Dart
867:Cayuse War
787:Mount Hood
589:, and the
532:bald eagle
431:Franz Boas
273:James Teit
226:Mount Hood
166:Kalapuyans
92:, and the
63:Franz Boas
49:people of
3857:Modoc War
3847:Statehood
3652:Nez Perce
3536:Tillamook
3501:Nez Perce
3496:Multnomah
3476:Klickitat
3446:Clackamas
3284:Longhouse
3279:Chinookan
2957:Coan 1921
2935:CTSI 2024
2433:Teit 1928
2409:Hale 1846
2343:Hale 1846
2218:Boas 1890
1680:cite book
1657:(1877b).
1319:0095-182X
1105:0030-4727
1068:2153-1706
1062:: 46–89.
780:Mythology
773:Nez Perce
688:Wild Rose
684:Rose hips
567:hazelnuts
544:Steelhead
436:čimbú•ihe
433:recorded
394:tulǽyaŋsi
177:táytilpam
144:included
123:Molallie,
110:Clackamas
3827:Portland
3657:Kalapuya
3551:Umatilla
3466:Kalapuya
3456:Coquille
3421:Atfalati
3364:Potlatch
2714:NLA 2005
2164:Archived
2140:Archived
2099:Archived
2071:Archived
2043:Archived
2023:Websites
2009:(1965).
1668:(1936).
1642:(1890).
1596:(1930),
1547:(1891).
1537:Archived
1499:(1846).
1471:(1890).
1458:Archived
1418:Archived
1264:(1938).
1250:20609580
1230:(1903).
1220:20613280
1148:(1959).
1113:20615207
1076:20610175
1040:Articles
891:Champoeg
881:In 1850
769:haylĂşnci
741:Sahaptin
714:Language
461:lá•ti•wi
271:In 1928
228:and the
204:Homeland
171:Ĺ‚ytilpam
161:mulé•lis
138:Moolalle
3885:Vanport
3764:Pioneer
3687:Bannock
3672:Klamath
3667:Chinook
3662:Takelma
3556:Umpquat
3546:Tututni
3531:Takelma
3526:Siuslaw
3511:Santiam
3481:Latgawa
3471:Klamath
3451:Clatsop
3441:Chinook
3426:Bannock
2121:May 14,
1621:Plateau
1619:(ed.).
1428:Molalla
1406:(ed.).
1370:(ed.).
1327:1185526
1152:(ed.).
931:Molalla
845:History
827:corpse:
737:Klamath
735:, with
540:bobcats
536:coyotes
353:yaʔqánt
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