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Molybdenum bronze

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were obtained in 1950 by Glemser and Lutz, by ambient-temperature reactions. The hydrogen in these compounds can be replaced by alkali metals by treatment with solutions of the corresponding halides. Reactions are conducted in an
1376:
Martha Greenblatt (1996), "Molybdenum and tungsten bronzes: Low-dimensional metals with unisial properties". In C. Schlenker ed., "Physics and Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Inorganic Conductors" Book, Springer, 481 pages.
1719:
E. Canadell and M.-H. Wangbo (1996), "Fermi surfaces instabilities in oxides and bronzes". In C. Schlenker ed. (1996), "Physics and Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Inorganic Conductors" Book, Springer, 481 pages.
113:. These compounds form deeply coloured plate-like crystals with a metallic sheen, hence their name. These bronzes derive their metallic character from partially occupied 4d bands. The oxidation states in K 305:
Another preparation technique involves crystallization from the melt in a temperature gradient. This report also called attention to the marked anisotropic resistivity of the purple lithium bronze
290:
and 560 °C, respectively. Sodium bronzes were also obtained by the same method. It was observed that at a slightly higher temperature (about 575 °C and above) only
1795:
Ramanujachary, K.V.; Greenblatt, D.M.; Jones, E.B.; McCarroll, W.H. (1993). "Synthesis and Characterization of a New Modification of the Quasi-Low-Dimensional Compound KMo
1846:
Andrade, Margareth; Maffei, Mariana Lanzoni; Alves, Leandro Marcos Salgado; Santos, Carlos Alberto Moreira dos; Ferreira, Bento; Sartori, Antonio Fernando (2012-10-11).
1394:
Greenblatt, M.; McCarroll, W.H.; Neifeld, R.; Croft, M.; Waszczak, J.V. (1984). "Quasi two-dimensional electronic properties of the lithium molybdenum bronze, Li
211:. The first unambiguous synthesis of alkali molybdenum bronzes was reported only in 1964, by Wold and others. They obtained two potassium bronzes, "red" 1895:
Alves, L. M. S.; Damasceno, V. I.; dos Santos, C. A. M.; Bortolozo, A. D.; Suzuki, P. A.; Izario Filho, H. J.; Machado, A. J. S.; Fisk, Z. (2010-05-26).
1960: 1339:
Wold, A.; Kunnmann, W.; Arnott, R. J.; Ferretti, A. (1964). "Preparation and Properties of Sodium and Potassium Molybdenum Bronze Crystals".
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Chin, Kin; Eda, Kazuo; Sotani, Noriyuki; Whittingham, M.Stanley (2002). "Hydrothermal Synthesis of the Blue Potassium Molybdenum Bronze, K
1669:
Collins, B.T.; Ramanujachary, K.V.; Greenblatt, M.; Waszczak, J.V. (1985). "Charge-density wave instability and nonlinear transport in Tl
1109:
Other molybdenum bronzes with anomalous electrical properties have been reported, which do not fit in these families. These include
148:
The first report of a "molybdenum bronze" was by Alfred Stavenhagen and E. Engels in 1895. They reported that electrolysis of molten
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Onoda, M.; Toriumi, K.; Matsuda, Y.; Sato, M. (1987). "Crystal structure of lithium molybdenum purple bronze Li
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can vary considerably depending on the direction, in some cases by 200:1 or more. They are generally
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Whangbo, M. H.; Schneemeyer, L. F. (1986). "Band electronic structure of the molybdenum blue bronze A
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Birtill, J.J.; Dickens, P.G. (1979). "Thermochemistry of hydrogen molybdenum bronze phases H
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Tsai, P.P.; Potenza, J.A.; Greenblatt, M.; Schugar, H.J. (1986). "Crystal structure of Li
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The hydrogen molybdenum bronzes have similar appearances but different compositions:
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Glemser, Oskar; Lutz, Gertrud (1950). "Über ein Hydroxydhydrid des Molybdäns".
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gave indigo-blue needles with metallic sheen, which they analysed by weight as
1306: 1113: 50: 1928: 1897:"Unconventional metallic behavior and superconductivity in the K-Mo-O system" 1881: 1832: 1781: 1706: 1655: 1607: 1549: 1481: 1435: 1360: 1314: 1275: 128:
These compounds have been much studied since the 1980s due to their markedly
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electrical properties, reflecting their layered structure. The electrical
110: 90: 1848:"Microstructure and metal-insulator transition in single crystalline KMo 1647: 1352: 379: 1473: 287: 98: 651:. Their electronic properties generally do not depend on the metal A. 340: 102: 1290: 378: 794:. Their electronic properties depend strongly on the metal A. 1168: 1578:, a stoichiometric, triclinic, lithium molybdenum bronze". 402:
Molybdenum bronzes are classified in three major families:
34:, a form of bronze which takes on a purple-colored patina. 1460:(23). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 539–540. 30:"Purple bronze" redirects here. Not to be confused with 1184: 27:
Generic name for certain mixed oxides of molybdenum
1642:(14). American Chemical Society (ACS): 2424–2429. 391:, also called "potassium-molybdenum blue bronze". 140:. Some are metals and some are semiconductors. 1907:(17). American Physical Society (APS): 174532. 1347:(4). American Chemical Society (ACS): 545–547. 1295:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 8: 975:Hydrogen molybdenum orthorhombic blue bronze 1372: 1370: 125:is an insulator, with an unfilled 4d band. 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1003:Hydrogen molybdenum monoclinic blue bronze 1871: 1447: 1445: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1212: – Chemical intercalation compound 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1677:a new blue molybdenum oxide bronze". 7: 1866:(6). FapUNIFESP (SciELO): 998–1002. 1289:Stavenhagen, A.; Engels, E. (1895). 866:Potassium molybdenum purple bronze 764:, generally with limiting formula 25: 1165:Electrical and thermal properties 934:Thallium molybdenum purple bronze 900:Rubidium molybdenum purple bronze 1805:Journal of Solid State Chemistry 1754:Journal of Solid State Chemistry 1580:Journal of Solid State Chemistry 1522:Journal of Solid State Chemistry 1248:Journal of Solid State Chemistry 1172: 1059:Hydrogen molybdenum green bronze 798:Lithium molybdenum purple bronze 655:Potassium molybdenum blue bronze 1873:10.1590/s1516-14392012005000132 832:Sodium molybdenum purple bronze 735:Thallium molybdenum blue bronze 710:Rubidium molybdenum blue bronze 561:Potassium molybdenum red bronze 481:Potassium molybdenum red bronze 1685:(12). Elsevier BV: 1023–1028. 1031:Hydrogen molybdenum red bronze 45:is a generic name for certain 1: 455:Lithium molybdenum red bronze 337:metal-to-insulator transition 1961:Non-stoichiometric compounds 1774:10.1016/0022-4596(79)90193-2 1699:10.1016/0038-1098(85)90863-4 1600:10.1016/0022-4596(86)90120-9 1428:10.1016/0038-1098(84)90944-x 1268:10.1016/0022-4596(87)90231-3 600:, with limiting composition 536:Cesium molybdenum red bronze 253:, by electrolysis of molten 138:non-stoichiometric compounds 1760:(3). Elsevier BV: 367–372. 1414:(9). Elsevier BV: 671–674. 1254:(1). Elsevier BV: 163–170. 1982: 1921:10.1103/physrevb.81.174532 1679:Solid State Communications 1408:Solid State Communications 409:with limiting composition 29: 1811:(1). Elsevier BV: 69–78. 1586:(1). Elsevier BV: 47–56. 1528:(1). Elsevier BV: 81–87. 1307:10.1002/cber.189502802213 53:with the generic formula 1055:, 1.55 < x < 1.72 18:Molybdenum purple bronze 1966:Transition metal oxides 1454:Die Naturwissenschaften 1301:(2). Wiley: 2280–2281. 1291:"Ueber Molybdänbronzen" 1027:, 0.85 < x < 1.4 999:, 0.23 < x < 0.4 1825:10.1006/jssc.1993.1008 1542:10.1006/jssc.2001.9450 1210:Sodium tungsten bronze 1181:This section is empty. 392: 374:at about 160 °C. 121:are K, O, and Mo. MoO 382: 1956:Molybdenum compounds 1913:2010PhRvB..81q4532A 1817:1993JSSCh.102...69R 1766:1979JSSCh..29..367B 1691:1985SSCom..56.1023C 1648:10.1021/ic00234a028 1636:Inorganic Chemistry 1592:1986JSSCh..64...47T 1534:2002JSSCh.164...81C 1466:1950NW.....37..539G 1420:1984SSCom..51..671G 1353:10.1021/ic50014a022 1341:Inorganic Chemistry 1260:1987JSSCh..66..163O 1860:Materials Research 1474:10.1007/bf00589341 393: 1901:Physical Review B 1201: 1200: 592:a semi-conductor. 346:Hydrogen bronzes 43:molybdenum bronze 16:(Redirected from 1973: 1941: 1940: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1875: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1741: 1728: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1623: 1612: 1611: 1567: 1554: 1553: 1509: 1494: 1493: 1449: 1440: 1439: 1391: 1385: 1374: 1365: 1364: 1336: 1319: 1318: 1286: 1280: 1279: 1231: 1196: 1193: 1183:You can help by 1176: 1169: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1149: 1148: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1125: 1124: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1070: 1069: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1044: 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868: 859: 856: 855: 854: 850: 847: 846: 845: 841: 838: 837: 836: 834: 825: 822: 821: 820: 816: 813: 812: 811: 807: 804: 803: 802: 800: 790: 787: 786: 785: 781: 778: 777: 776: 772: 769: 768: 767: 765: 753: 750: 749: 748: 744: 741: 740: 739: 737: 728: 725: 724: 723: 719: 716: 715: 714: 712: 703: 700: 699: 698: 694: 691: 690: 689: 687: 682: 679: 678: 677: 673: 670: 669: 668: 664: 661: 660: 659: 657: 647: 644: 643: 642: 638: 635: 634: 633: 629: 626: 625: 624: 622: 617: 614: 613: 612: 608: 605: 604: 603: 601: 588: 585: 584: 583: 579: 576: 575: 574: 570: 567: 566: 565: 563: 554: 551: 550: 549: 545: 542: 541: 540: 538: 529: 526: 525: 524: 520: 517: 516: 515: 513: 508: 505: 504: 503: 499: 496: 495: 494: 490: 487: 486: 485: 483: 473: 470: 469: 468: 464: 461: 460: 459: 457: 447: 444: 443: 442: 438: 435: 434: 433: 431: 426: 423: 422: 421: 417: 414: 413: 412: 410: 400: 390: 386: 365: 362: 361: 360: 356: 351: 350: 349: 347: 331: 328: 327: 326: 322: 319: 318: 317: 313: 310: 309: 308: 306: 298: 295: 294: 293: 291: 282: 279: 278: 277: 275: 270: 267: 266: 265: 261: 258: 257: 256: 254: 249: 246: 245: 244: 240: 237: 236: 235: 233: 228: 225: 224: 223: 219: 216: 215: 214: 212: 207: 204: 203: 202: 198: 195: 194: 193: 189: 186: 185: 184: 182: 177: 174: 173: 172: 170: 165: 162: 161: 160: 156: 153: 152: 151: 149: 146: 124: 120: 116: 89:where A may be 85: 80: 79: 78: 74: 69: 68: 67: 63: 58: 57: 56: 54: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1979: 1977: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1887: 1853: 1849: 1838: 1800: 1796: 1787: 1749: 1745: 1729: 1712: 1674: 1670: 1661: 1634:(A = K, Rb)". 1631: 1627: 1613: 1575: 1571: 1555: 1517: 1513: 1495: 1441: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1386: 1366: 1320: 1281: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1179: 1177: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1154: 1143: 1136: 1130: 1121: 1107: 1106: 1099: 1087: 1075: 1066: 1056: 1049: 1038: 1028: 1021: 1010: 1000: 993: 982: 968: 967: 966: 965: 959: 950: 941: 931: 925: 916: 907: 897: 891: 882: 873: 863: 857: 848: 839: 829: 823: 814: 805: 788: 779: 770: 762:Purple bronzes 759: 758: 757: 751: 742: 732: 726: 717: 707: 701: 692: 680: 671: 662: 645: 636: 627: 615: 606: 595: 594: 593: 586: 577: 568: 558: 552: 543: 533: 527: 518: 506: 497: 488: 478: 471: 462: 445: 436: 424: 415: 399: 398:Classification 396: 395: 394: 388: 384: 363: 352: 329: 320: 311: 296: 280: 268: 259: 247: 238: 226: 217: 205: 196: 187: 175: 163: 154: 145: 142: 122: 118: 114: 81: 70: 59: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1978: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1891: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1842: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1791: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1726:9780306453045 1723: 1716: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1665: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1456:(in German). 1455: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1383:9780306453045 1380: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1285: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1195: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1164: 1146: 1137: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1060: 1057: 1041: 1032: 1029: 1013: 1004: 1001: 985: 976: 973: 972: 971: 935: 932: 901: 898: 867: 864: 833: 830: 799: 796: 795: 763: 760: 736: 733: 711: 708: 656: 653: 652: 599: 596: 562: 559: 537: 534: 482: 479: 456: 453: 452: 408: 405: 404: 403: 397: 383:Crystals of K 381: 377: 376: 375: 373: 355: 344: 342: 338: 303: 302:is obtained. 289: 143: 141: 139: 135: 131: 126: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 84: 73: 62: 52: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 1904: 1900: 1890: 1863: 1859: 1841: 1808: 1804: 1790: 1757: 1753: 1715: 1682: 1678: 1664: 1639: 1635: 1583: 1579: 1525: 1521: 1457: 1453: 1411: 1407: 1389: 1344: 1340: 1298: 1294: 1284: 1251: 1247: 1189: 1185:adding to it 1180: 1144: 1108: 1039: 1011: 983: 969: 761: 598:Blue bronzes 597: 406: 401: 353: 345: 339:at about 24 304: 147: 127: 95:alkali metal 82: 71: 60: 47:mixed oxides 42: 36: 621:, that is, 430:, that is, 407:Red bronzes 232:and "blue" 144:Preparation 134:resistivity 130:anisotropic 1950:Categories 1217:References 1192:March 2020 1114:Tetragonal 51:molybdenum 1937:123147025 1929:1098-0121 1882:1980-5373 1833:0022-4596 1782:0022-4596 1707:0038-1098 1656:0020-1669 1608:0022-4596 1550:0022-4596 1482:0028-1042 1436:0038-1098 1361:0020-1669 1315:0365-9496 1276:0022-4596 372:autoclave 39:chemistry 32:Hepatizon 1490:46699509 1204:See also 335:and its 91:hydrogen 1909:Bibcode 1813:Bibcode 1762:Bibcode 1687:Bibcode 1588:Bibcode 1530:Bibcode 1462:Bibcode 1416:Bibcode 1256:Bibcode 286:at 550 109:), and 1935:  1927:  1880:  1831:  1780:  1724:  1705:  1654:  1606:  1548:  1488:  1480:  1434:  1381:  1359:  1313:  1274:  1933:S2CID 1486:S2CID 93:, an 1925:ISSN 1878:ISSN 1829:ISSN 1778:ISSN 1722:ISBN 1703:ISSN 1652:ISSN 1628:0.30 1604:ISSN 1572:0.33 1546:ISSN 1514:0.28 1478:ISSN 1432:ISSN 1379:ISBN 1357:ISSN 1311:ISSN 1272:ISSN 672:1.02 663:0.28 607:0.30 578:1.01 569:0.23 544:0.33 498:1.02 489:0.26 463:0.33 416:0.33 385:0.28 239:0.28 218:0.26 169:and 115:0.28 1917:doi 1868:doi 1821:doi 1809:102 1803:". 1770:doi 1752:". 1748:MoO 1695:doi 1673:MoO 1671:0.3 1644:doi 1630:MoO 1596:doi 1574:MoO 1538:doi 1526:164 1520:". 1516:MoO 1470:doi 1424:doi 1406:". 1396:0.9 1349:doi 1303:doi 1264:doi 1246:". 1236:0.9 1187:. 1155:2−δ 1150:MoO 1117:KMo 1083:MoO 1081:or 1071:MoO 1045:MoO 1017:MoO 989:MoO 942:0.9 908:0.9 874:0.9 840:0.9 806:0.9 771:0.9 747:MoO 743:0.3 722:MoO 718:0.3 697:MoO 693:0.3 686:or 611:MoO 548:MoO 523:MoO 519:0.3 512:or 467:MoO 432:AMo 420:MoO 387:MoO 359:MoO 312:0.9 292:MoO 276:MoO 264:MoO 243:MoO 222:MoO 171:MoO 159:MoO 117:MoO 49:of 37:In 1952:: 1931:. 1923:. 1915:. 1905:81 1903:. 1899:. 1876:. 1864:15 1862:. 1858:. 1827:. 1819:. 1807:. 1776:. 1768:. 1758:29 1756:. 1732:^ 1701:. 1693:. 1683:56 1681:. 1650:. 1640:25 1638:. 1616:^ 1602:. 1594:. 1584:64 1582:. 1558:^ 1544:. 1536:. 1524:. 1498:^ 1484:. 1476:. 1468:. 1458:37 1444:^ 1430:. 1422:. 1412:51 1410:. 1404:17 1398:Mo 1369:^ 1355:. 1343:. 1323:^ 1309:. 1299:28 1297:. 1293:. 1270:. 1262:. 1252:66 1250:. 1244:17 1238:Mo 1224:^ 960:17 946:Mo 937:Cs 926:17 912:Mo 903:Rb 892:17 878:Mo 858:17 844:Mo 835:Na 824:17 810:Mo 801:Li 789:17 775:Mo 738:Tl 713:Rb 667:Mo 646:30 637:10 632:Mo 573:Mo 539:Cs 493:Mo 458:Li 451:: 343:. 330:17 316:Mo 307:Li 288:°C 192:Mo 183:Na 150:Na 111:Tl 105:, 103:Na 101:, 99:Li 66:Mo 41:, 1939:. 1919:: 1911:: 1884:. 1870:: 1856:" 1854:6 1852:O 1850:4 1835:. 1823:: 1815:: 1801:6 1799:O 1797:4 1784:. 1772:: 1764:: 1750:3 1746:x 1709:. 1697:: 1689:: 1675:3 1658:. 1646:: 1632:3 1610:. 1598:: 1590:: 1576:3 1552:. 1540:: 1532:: 1518:3 1492:. 1472:: 1464:: 1438:. 1426:: 1418:: 1402:O 1400:6 1363:. 1351:: 1345:3 1317:. 1305:: 1278:. 1266:: 1258:: 1242:O 1240:6 1194:) 1190:( 1160:. 1145:x 1139:K 1131:6 1126:O 1122:4 1104:O 1100:2 1095:H 1093:. 1088:2 1076:3 1067:2 1062:H 1050:3 1040:x 1034:H 1022:3 1012:x 1006:H 994:3 984:x 978:H 955:O 951:6 921:O 917:6 887:O 883:6 869:K 853:O 849:6 819:O 815:6 784:O 780:6 766:A 752:3 727:3 702:3 688:K 681:3 676:O 658:K 641:O 628:3 623:A 616:3 602:A 587:3 582:O 564:K 553:3 528:3 514:K 507:3 502:O 484:K 472:3 446:9 441:O 437:3 425:3 411:A 389:3 364:3 354:x 348:H 341:K 325:O 321:6 297:2 281:3 274:+ 269:4 260:2 255:K 248:3 234:K 227:3 213:K 206:7 201:O 197:5 188:2 176:3 164:4 155:2 123:3 119:3 107:K 83:z 77:O 72:y 61:x 55:A 20:)

Index

Molybdenum purple bronze
Hepatizon
chemistry
mixed oxides
molybdenum
hydrogen
alkali metal
Li
Na
K
Tl
anisotropic
resistivity
non-stoichiometric compounds
°C
metal-to-insulator transition
K
autoclave

Lithium molybdenum red bronze
Potassium molybdenum red bronze
Cesium molybdenum red bronze
Potassium molybdenum red bronze
Potassium molybdenum blue bronze
Rubidium molybdenum blue bronze
Thallium molybdenum blue bronze
Lithium molybdenum purple bronze
Sodium molybdenum purple bronze
Potassium molybdenum purple bronze
Rubidium molybdenum purple bronze

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