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Montenegrin Orthodox Church

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supported by a group of younger priests loyal to Bojović, as well as the hundreds of citizens gathered at the assembly. The assembly also declared the official retirement of former Metropolitan Dedeić, and proclaimed the MOC founder and former Metropolitan Abramović as a saint of the church. Dedeić sharply rejected the declaration of the assembly, calling it "a failed political rally," and stating that "street rallies cannot change the metropolitan and elect a new one next to a living and healthy leader." In October 2023, Dedeić's proposal was rejected by the basic court in Cetinje that asked to prohibit Bojović from performing religious services in MOC churches.
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their claims and requests – attempted to do so. Special police units prevented their forceful entry and that of several hundred supporters of the MOC. There was some pushing and shoving between the police, and the crowd which had intended to force its way into the monastery. Following this, members of the crowd shouted slogans such as "this isn't Serbia", "whose police are you?" and "Risto, Satan" (a reference to
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Metropolitan Boris as the new leader of the Church. The court found that the ministerial rejection of the request was unjustified, taking into account the religious autonomy of the church and the invalidity of internal statutes that had not been officially promulgated. The new leader was elected in accordance with tradition at the General Montenegrin People's Assembly on September 3, 2023.
2159:, rumor spread that the Montenegrin Orthodox Church may soon receive a similar recognition; however, this was denied by Patriarch Bartholomew, who stated that ""we will never give autocephaly to the so-called 'Montenegrin Orthodox Church'" and that its leader Dedeić was suspended by Constantinople for adultery and embezzlement. In December 2022, Mihailo was granted an audience with 378:. During 1943 and 1944, under the influence of the clerical-fascist ideology of the Ustaša movement, Drljević formulated a thesis on the diversity of Montenegrin Orthodoxy not only in relation to Serbian Orthodoxy, but also in relation to Orthodoxy in general. On that occasion, he coined the notion of 2209:
According to data of Centre of Democracy in Montenegro from February 2007, the Serbian Orthodox Church was the most trusted institution in Montenegro by public opinion (coefficient 3.29), while the Montenegrin Orthodox Church was ranked sixth (coefficient 2.35). According to a 2020 poll conducted by
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The Montenegrin Orthodox Church also has support from abroad, and it has managed to build several churches and missions in North America, South America, Australia, Western Europe all home to important Montenegrin émigré communities, most of whom also support the Montenegrin Orthodox Church. Services
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On June 24, 2024, the Supreme Administrative Court of Montenegro issued a judgment ordering the Ministry of Justice to recognize Metropolitan Boris as the head of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church. This decision ended the ongoing administrative crisis resulting from the Ministry's refusal to register
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The Montenegrin Orthodox Church currently holds its regular services in several chapels in the area of Montenegro's royal capital, Cetinje, as well as a church in Kotor. Open-air services are held across Montenegro for Christmas and Easter. The MOC officially opened a new shrine in the old town of
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originally refused to allow the MOC to be registered as an organization, as all canonical Eastern Orthodox churches have also refused to recognize the MOC. However, on appeal, the Serbian Supreme Court ruled this position unconstitutional, overturning the refusal and paving the way for a potential
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On Wednesday, April 18, 2007, the representatives of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church – which has announced that it did not wish to cause an "excessive situation", but that it would enter the Serbian Orthodox Cetinje monastery without regard to the reaction of the Serbian Orthodox Church to
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On September 3, 2023, which marked the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church, a major split in the church occurred when Bishop Boris Bojović was proclaimed the new Metropolitan of the church. This decision was made by the MOC general assembly held in Cetinje and was
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In April 2007 the "President of the Council for the promotion" of the MOC, Stevo Vučinić, was quoted as saying the "we will retake of all the churches and chapels in the towns, and of course the village churches, and the monasteries...we expect resistance, but in no case will we give up".
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On January 17, 2001, the MOC was officially registered as a non-governmental organization at the local department of the Montenegrin Ministry of the Interior. In the absence of any other relevant and more current piece of legislation, this registration was done by calling on the
2186:, officially proposing it to be mentioned in Montenegro's new Constitution, which eventually did not mention it with its adoption in late 2007. The Initiative invited representatives of both the Montenegrin and Serbian churches to a special municipal meeting in 1580: 436:
After the death of Metropolitan Antonije, he was replaced by Metropolitan Dedeić. Most liberals did not approve of this change, and their support for the church soon started to fade. By 1997, the DPS administration in Montenegro led by
1055: 1065: 1110: 425:, which was formed a year earlier following a 1992 referendum. LSCG, a party with a pro-independence agenda, is claimed to have used the MOC as a tool in their quest for Montenegrin sovereignty. At that time, the ruling 1115: 1085: 3356: 1400: 607: 1105: 584:. Lalatović was immediately expelled from the MOC on the grounds of spreading unrest and immorality in the church; the MOC officially dismissing its connections with the formation of the COC. 2992: 523:. He was enthroned to Metropolitan of Montenegrin Orthodox Church in Cetinje on October 31, 1998, in the presence of several hundred believers and supporters of Montenegrin Orthodox Church. 2014: 1090: 2268: 1452: 1413: 1095: 912: 2867: 1100: 2569: 3509: 1299: 1030: 3381: 2073:, with the help of the Association of Ethnic Montenegrins in Serbia Krstaš. A contract for the land on which the new MOC shrine will be built was signed on 5 August 2005. 2223: 2119: 1216: 1080: 1060: 2081:
as well as in the Argentine province of Chaco, which is the base of Archimandrite Gorazd Glomazic and the Montenegrin Church of Saint Nikola in the colony of Machagay.
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On January 11, 2007, the MOC created its own holy synod and proclaimed its first decree. This holy synod is constituted by archpriests of the church, led by the
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have opted for the Montenegrin Orthodox Church, while approximately 90% percent have opted for or stayed with the canonical Serbian Orthodox Church.
2893: 2614: 2000: 1191: 857: 781: 2918: 1703: 811: 488:." Following continued ethnic tension, in 2021, Montenegrins and Serbs clashed over leadership in the Serbian Orthodox Church within Montenegro. 3304: 3190: 3166: 2153: 1395: 1352: 852: 771: 653: 2785: 1423: 1418: 1980: 1698: 446: 312: 2032: 417:(LSCG), a pro-Montenegrin independence political party that existed at the time. At the time, Montenegro was part of the federal state with 3504: 3279: 2528: 1970: 1960: 1787: 1564: 1446: 664: 642: 292: 1678: 418: 2141:
for the Republic of Croatia, an act which the MOC came up to as the first supporter. The MOC had original support of the unrecognized
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The Montenegrin Orthodox Church has support from a number of likewise non-canonical or unrecognized Eastern Orthodox churches: the
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began to distance itself from Milošević, and started supporting and financing the church, which received support from both the
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was chosen by traditional public acclamation the Head of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church. In the Church of St. Paraskeva in
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Tensions continued between the canonically unrecognized Montenegrin Orthodox Church and the Serbian Orthodox Church...
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has stated that "we will never give autocephaly to the so-called 'Montenegrin Orthodox Church'" and that its leader
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As of 2024, the Montenegrin Orthodox Church is led by the Archbishop of Cetinje and Montenegro Metropolitan Boris.
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area to prevent the MOC from building a church there. Sixty-five people were arrested for violating public order.
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have opted for the Montenegrin Orthodox Church, while approximately 90 percent have opted for or stayed with the
130: 576:, defrocked for stealing of church property and falsification of church seals. In early 2010 he joined with the 2243: 2233: 2138: 2127: 1865: 1603: 1285: 1196: 1008: 993: 902: 882: 872: 729: 648: 572:
One of the prominent members of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church was Jelisej Lalatović, a former Serb monk from
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Metropolitan Mihailo had worked as a professor for the Serbian Orthodox Church and then as a priest of the
3305:"New request for autocephaly of the Church of North Macedonia from the country's PM | Orthodox Times (en)" 2145:, which was later withdrawn as the Macedonian Church entered negotiations for restoration into communion. 1975: 1140: 897: 477: 2504:"Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew: The Phanar will never recognize an autocephalous Church in Montenegro" 393: 1910: 1668: 699: 527: 308: 149: 137: 3235: 2688:"Montenegro - International Religious Freedom Report 2007 Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor" 2524: 2095: 1390: 410: 296: 204: 3140: 2868:"Na okupljanju na Cetinju za mitropolita izabran Boris; Mihailo: Politički skup koji nema legitimitet" 1920: 1885: 1270: 818: 724: 695: 438: 276: 174: 43: 3176: 3191:"Vesti - Policija zaustavila vernike CPC - Internet, Radio i TV stanica; najnovije vesti iz Srbije" 3072: 1930: 1900: 363: 322:
since 2001. According to a 2020 poll conducted by CEDEM, approximately 10 percent of Montenegro's
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Political parties in Montenegro that so far officially stated support of the MOC have been: the
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Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
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Istorija i geografija: susreti i prožimanja: History and geography: meetings and permeations
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which stated it should be a recognized religion in the country. After its 9th Congress, the
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At a General Montenegrin People's Assembly formed by the MOC in Cetinje on January 6, 1997,
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was appointed as its first metropolitan. It claims succession to an older and autocephalous
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The Montenegrin Orthodox Church has been recognized as a religious organization by the
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In 2007, the MOC attempted to expand its activities beyond the borders of Montenegro.
3498: 3431:"CEDEM - Političko javno mnjenje Gore Gore - Povjerenje u institucije - Februar 2007" 1905: 1829: 1794: 1135: 458: 120: 2713: 2481:"Patriarch Bartholomew: We will never give autocephaly to the 'Montenegrin church'" 2160: 1658: 1513: 766: 714: 617: 539: 485: 359: 347: 3050: 2102: 573: 2944:"Episkop Boris proglašen za mitropolita CPC-a, mitropolit Mihailo osporava izbor" 2842: 2193:
During the occasion of 2008 Serbian elections, the church had the support of the
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In September 2008, Serbian Orthodox locals attempted to launch a blockade in the
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Spaces and Borders: Current Research on Religion in Central and Eastern Europe
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Construction of the first MOC churches abroad, the Holy Church of Righteous
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Nations in Transit 2004: Democratization in East Central Europe and Eurasia
371: 295:. It was formed in 1993 and registered as a non-governmental organization. 3119: 580:
for the formation of the Croatian Orthodox Church and became its chief in
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of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church. This synod divided Montenegro in five
3105: 2480: 2164: 1773: 1768: 1623: 1553: 1541: 1530: 969: 535: 2919:"Boris Bojović na čelu CPC; Mihailo: Bezuspješni puč na uličnom mitingu" 2423: 2421: 3407:"Đukanović najavio provjeru vlasništva crkvenih objekata i obnovu CPC!" 3171: 1638: 1488: 406: 184: 2529:"Pope Francis Comes Out Against Orthodox Christianity's Balkanization" 3236:"PATRIARCH FILARET SUPPORTS UNRECOGNIZED MONTENEGRIN ORTHODOX CHURCH" 2070: 1925: 1518: 801: 786: 469: 222: 519:'s head Patriarch Pimen and seven metropolitans and bishops of his 2894:"Srpska pravoslavna crkva u Crnoj Gori jača, Crnogorska se dijeli" 2786:"Miraš Dedeić pozvao vernike SPC da uzmu krštenicu nekanonske CPC" 2401:"Raskol u Crnogorskoj pravoslavnoj crkvi, izabran novi mitropolit" 2187: 2037: 2031: 1633: 1536: 581: 531: 520: 512: 481: 413:
who was appointed as patriarch, initially with the support of the
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Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
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Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
2126:(founded by patriarch Pimen), and its Italian-based branch, the 1498: 677: 3490:
The Legal Foundations of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church (MOC)
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Historical documents on religion in Montenegro, in Montenegrin
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in which in the column "nationality", instead of an "Orthodox
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The first ideas about creating a special Orthodox church of
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Montenegrin Orthodox church - official site, in Montenegrin
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RTCG - Radio Televizija Crne Gore - Nacionalni javni servis
2811:"From baptism to politics, Montenegrins fight for identity" 2765:
RTCG - Radio Televizija Crne Gore - Nacionalni javni servis
334:. Notably, the creation of the MOC has been opposed by the 2201:
also endorsed the MOC as legitimate Church of Montenegro.
569:—Cetinjska, Dukljanska, Primorska, Ostroška and Beranska. 258: 57: 3143:[Story of Montenegrin immigrants in Argentina]. 3076: 2349:
For God and Country: Essays on Religion and Nationalism
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The Montenegrin Orthodox Church has offered to issue a
3209: 3207: 3045:[Parishes which serve the metropolitan area]. 2190:, sparking a boycott among local Serbian politicians. 919:
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
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Motyl, Alexander J.; Schnetzer, Amanda, eds. (2004).
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The Center for the National Interest, Washington, DC
449:; however, after 2001 this support seemingly waned. 3382:"Vojvodina's Montenegrins back Hungarian candidate" 253: 245: 234: 221: 210: 200: 190: 180: 166: 158: 148: 136: 126: 110: 99: 89: 79: 35: 2644:. SANU Institute for Slavic Studies. p. 430. 2295:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Volume 1 515:, on March 15, 1998, he was ordained as bishop by 455:Law on the Legal Position of Religious Communities 2316:. In Máté-Tóth, András; Rughinis, Cosima (eds.). 2210:CEDEM, approximately 10% percent of Montenegro's 346:was suspended by Constantinople for adultery and 332:canonical or widely-known Eastern Orthodox Church 3215:"Montenegro: Police arrest 65 in church dispute" 293:canonically unrecognized Eastern Orthodox Church 3073:"Krstaš, Association of Montenegrins in Serbia" 2040:, belonging to the Montenegrin Orthodox Church. 405:The Montenegrin Orthodox Church was founded in 249:10% of Orthodox Christians in Montenegro (2021) 3141:"Price o crnogorskim iseljenicima u Argentini" 303:, which operated until the unification of the 2666:"O registraciji crnogorske pravoslavne crkve" 2298:. U.S. State Department. 2007. p. 1479. 2224:Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate 2148:Following the granting of autocephaly to the 2120:Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate 2008: 154:Holy Synod of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church 8: 2199:Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro 443:Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro 427:Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro 3510:Independent Eastern Orthodox denominations 3217:. International Herald Tribune. 2009-03-29 2761:"Kršteni u SPC da zatraže krštenicu i CPC" 2137:, which aims at creating an autocephalous 2015: 2001: 586: 2379:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 504. 2341: 2339: 2337: 552:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 362:arose outside Montenegro, at a time when 336:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 3470:One faith, two churches: CNN.com article 3240:Religious Information Service of Ukraine 3098:"Montenegro Orthodox Church in Lovćenac" 2263: 2261: 2259: 2036:The Church of Saint Peter of Cetinje in 2706:"Serbia Lifts Ban on Montenegro Church" 2255: 624: 598: 398:. Looking at the Ustaša project of the 3357:"Boycott by opposition because of CPC" 3049:(in Montenegrin). 2000. Archived from 3030:Jelisej isključen iz CPC zbog nemorala 2154:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 283:, Црногорска православна црква; abbr. 32: 3330:"Meeting of Mihajlo and Pope Francis" 3017:Crnogorski raspop vraća delo Pavelića 2519: 2517: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2124:Bulgarian Alternative Orthodox Church 447:Social Democratic Party of Montenegro 313:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 7: 3256:[Orthodox Church in Italy]. 2475: 2473: 2471: 2451: 2449: 2077:are held in the Australian state of 1971:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs 1581:Differences from the Catholic Church 1447:History of Eastern Orthodox theology 3043:"Hramovi u kojima Mitropolit sluzi" 2577:. Zagreb: Putovi. pp. 162–166. 2456:Bardos, Gordon (January 28, 2020). 2429:"United States Department of State" 1293:Other possible ecumenical councils: 1056:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania 370:gathered under the auspices of the 2551:Graničar: Tjednik za Zemun i Sriem 2320:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 117. 2085:Claim to Serbian Orthodox churches 14: 3359:. Tivatonline.com. Archived from 2991:Đukanović, Slađana (2023-11-02). 2433:United States Department of State 1163:American Orthodox Catholic Church 2195:Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians 2133:The MOC also has support of the 1066:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg 606: 457:from 1977 when Montenegro was a 68: 2346:Mentzel, Peter C., ed. (2021). 2061:, was planned to take place in 1386:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 1247:First Seven Ecumenical Councils 484:" will be changed to "Orthodox 429:(DPS) maintained close ties to 2892:Janković, Srđan (2023-09-05). 2712:. 12 June 2008. Archived from 2177:Liberal Alliance of Montenegro 2171:Support from political parties 423:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 415:Liberal Alliance of Montenegro 384:, putting it in opposition to 1: 3147:(in Montenegrin). 27 May 2005 2045:Kotor in 2006, following the 1816:Intercession of the Theotokos 1591:Opposition to papal supremacy 1410:Moscow–Constantinople schism 1111:Switzerland and Liechtenstein 214: 28:Metropolitanate of Montenegro 3254:"Chiesa Ortodossa in Italia" 2590:Montenegro: A Modern History 1381:Christianization of Bulgaria 409:on October 31, 1993, led by 376:Independent State of Croatia 281:Crnogorska pravoslavna crkva 59:Crnogorska pravoslavna crkva 58: 48:Црногорска православна црква 3505:Montenegrin Orthodox Church 3475:MOC version, in Montenegrin 3075:. Krstas.rs. Archived from 3047:Montenegrin Orthodox Church 2592:. I.B.Tauris. p. 138. 2212:Eastern Orthodox Christians 2114:Support from other churches 1936:Photios I of Constantinople 1453:20th century (Neo-Palamism) 1376:Christianization of Georgia 517:Bulgarian Alternative Synod 500:Leadership and organization 324:Eastern Orthodox Christians 273:Montenegrin Orthodox Church 239:Montenegrin Orthodox Church 36:Montenegrin Orthodox Church 3526: 2588:Morrison, Kenneth (2008). 2571:Balkanski sukobi 1905-1941 2312:Šístek, František (2011). 2239:Macedonian Orthodox Church 2150:Orthodox Church of Ukraine 2143:Macedonian Orthodox Church 1586:Opposition to the Filioque 1129:Noncanonical jurisdictions 47: 18: 3384:. B92.net. Archived from 2815:Christian Science Monitor 2792:. Radio televizija Srbije 2568:Drljević, Sekula (1944). 2229:Abkhazian Orthodox Church 2184:Croatian Civic Initiative 1823:The four fasting periods: 1704:Eastern Orthodox marriage 1312:Other important councils: 1168:American World Patriarchs 1086:Great Britain and Ireland 366:and collaborators led by 67: 40: 3282:. Alo.rs. Archived from 3258:Orthodox Church of Italy 2950:(in Bosnian). 2023-09-03 2874:(in Serbian). 2023-09-03 2692:U.S. Department of State 2407:(in Serbian). 2023-09-03 2275:(in Serbian). 2024-07-02 2244:Orthodox Church in Italy 2234:Croatian Orthodox Church 2139:Croatian Orthodox Church 2128:Orthodox Church in Italy 1866:Athanasius of Alexandria 1116:United States of America 908:Czech Lands and Slovakia 730:Four Marks of the Church 473:permission to register. 400:Croatian Orthodox Church 320:Government of Montenegro 2135:Croatian Orthodox Union 2096:Metropolitan Amfilohije 1699:Eastern Orthodox bowing 600:Eastern Orthodox Church 578:Croatian Orthodox Union 563:Metropolitan Archbishop 556:Eastern Orthodox Church 328:Serbian Orthodox Church 280: 228:Serbian Orthodox Church 74:Coat of arms of the MOC 3179:on September 27, 2007. 2638:Božić, Sofija (2014). 2041: 1976:Eastern Orthodox cross 1141:Spiritual Christianity 16:Religious organization 2898:Radio Slobodna Evropa 2549:(1943). "Crna Gora". 2527:(December 23, 2019). 2485:Orthodox Christianity 2352:. MDPI. p. 105. 2035: 1986:Statistics by country 1911:Maximus the Confessor 1339:Constantinople (1872) 528:Greek Orthodox Church 478:baptismal certificate 340:Patriarch Bartholomew 309:Kingdom of Montenegro 85:CPC/ЦПЦ (Montenegrin) 3480:About MOC in English 3108:on 7 September 2011. 2487:. December 31, 2019. 1921:Theodore the Studite 1886:Gregory of Nazianzus 1744:Russian bell ringing 1669:Liturgical entrances 1479:Essence vs. Energies 1474:Contemplative prayer 1227:Evangelical Orthodox 1049:Episcopal assemblies 772:Ecumenical Patriarch 725:Apostolic succession 509:Metropolitan Mihailo 364:Montenegrin fascists 311:, later to join the 2900:(in Serbo-Croatian) 1931:Cyril and Methodius 1901:Cyril of Alexandria 1788:Liturgical calendar 1604:Liturgy and worship 1240:Ecumenical councils 643:History of theology 538:and accusations of 360:ethnic Montenegrins 3053:on 12 January 2010 2948:Al Jazeera Balkans 2619:Christianity Today 2525:Pietrobon, Emanuel 2053:Outside Montenegro 2042: 1881:Cyril of Jerusalem 1811:Feast of Orthodoxy 1106:Spain and Portugal 614:Christ Pantocrator 459:socialist republic 431:Slobodan Milošević 411:Antonije Abramović 301:Montenegrin Church 297:Antonije Abramović 205:Antonije Abramović 3145:montenegro-canada 2049:on independence. 2028:Within Montenegro 2025: 2024: 1876:Basil of Caesarea 1871:Ephrem the Syrian 1754:Sign of the cross 1729:Paschal troparion 1509:Mystical theology 1319:Quinisext Council 1020:Semi-Autonomous: 665:View of salvation 305:Kingdom of Serbia 269: 268: 131:Orthodox theology 94:Eastern Christian 56: 3517: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3448: 3442: 3436:. 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Montenet.org 3111: 3089: 3064: 3034: 3028:Vesti Online, 3021: 3015:Vesti Online, 3008: 2983: 2960: 2935: 2910: 2884: 2859: 2834: 2817:. 1999-04-23. 2802: 2777: 2752: 2727: 2697: 2679: 2657: 2650: 2630: 2605: 2598: 2580: 2560: 2538: 2513: 2508:Orthodox Times 2490: 2467: 2445: 2417: 2392: 2385: 2365: 2358: 2333: 2326: 2304: 2285: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2219: 2216: 2206: 2205:Public opinion 2203: 2172: 2169: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2086: 2083: 2059:Ivan Crnojević 2054: 2051: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2019: 2012: 2005: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1848: 1842: 1840:Apostles' Fast 1837: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1797: 1791: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1774:Use of incense 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 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