1172:("fruits" like actual fruit or animals grown there, and any rental income from her share), during her life. She can sell her unassigned or assigned dower rights, but could not sell them while they were still inchoate before her husband's death. Her dower lot is assigned to her by the husband's heirs who inherit the land, and it should be one-third of the husband's real property (by value, not by land area). If the widow disputes it, she or the heirs may file an action in court for
1083:, that is a particular interest in her husband's property, either a particular share, or a life interest in a particular part of the land, or an annuity. This was often part of an arrangement by which she gave up her property to her husband in exchange for her jointure, which would accordingly be greater than a third. Strictly dower was only available from land that her husband owned, but a life tenant under a settlement was often given power to appoint a
681:
1333:, where equality of birth between the spouses was considered an important principle among the reigning houses and high nobility. Morganatic marriage has not been and is not possible in jurisdictions that do not allow sufficient freedom of contracting, as it is an agreement containing that pre-emptive limitation to the inheritance and property rights of the wife and the children. Marriages have never been considered morganatic in any part of the
1002:
1734:
53:
1045:, as well as in England. The object of both ordinance and charter was to regulate the amount of the dower where this was not the subject of voluntary arrangement, dower by English law consisting of a wife's life estate in one-third of the lands of the husband "of which any issue which she might have had might by possibility have been heir".
1370:), the circumstances of the breakup become relevant. If the divorce is sought for cause (such as abuse, illness, impotence, or infidelity), the woman is generally considered to have the right to keep the mahr; however, if the divorce is not sought for a generally accepted cause, the husband may request its return.
1304:). When a marriage contract is made that the bride and the children of the marriage will not receive anything else (than the dower) from the bridegroom or from his inheritance or patrimony or from his clan, that sort of marriage was dubbed as "marriage with only the dower and no other inheritance", i.e.
1058:
was passed to impair the inviolability of dower by empowering husbands to cut off by deed or will their wives from dower. Wives married before the Act still had (in certain cases) to acknowledge the deed before a commissioner to bar their right to dower in property which their husband sold. This was
1012:
Dower payments evolved from the
Germanic custom of paying a bride price, which over centuries morphed into the bride gift. After the introduction of Christianity, the custom of dower persisted as a method of exacting from the husband at marriage a promise to endow his wife, a promise retained in form
942:
At common law, dower was of a very different nature. It was a legal declaration of a wife's right to property, while the husband lived, which he would manage; which would transfer to the wife's children when they were born; and which would secure her livelihood were she widowed. A dower at common law
903:
Usually, the wife was free from kin limitations to use (and bequeath) her dower to whatever and whomever she pleased. It may have become the property of her next marriage, been given to an ecclesiastical institution, or been inherited by her children from other relationships than that from which she
1248:
period, a man who became a monk and made his religious profession in
England was deemed civilly dead, "dead in law"; consequently his heirs inherited his land forthwith as though he had died a natural death. Assignment of dower in his hand would nevertheless be postponed until the natural death of
1053:
There is judicial authority of the year 1310 for the proposition that dower was favoured by law, and at a less remote period it was said to be with life and liberty one of three things which "the law favoreth". In
England in the late 18th century, it became common for men to hold land with a trust
1325:
Morganatic marriage contained an agreement that the wife and the children born of the marriage will not receive anything further than what was agreed in pre-nuptials, and in some cases may have been zero, or something nominal. Separate nobility titles were given to morganatic wives of dynasts of
873:
Dower is the gift given by the groom to the bride, customarily on the morning after the wedding, though all dowerings from the man to his fiancée, either during the betrothal period, or wedding, or afterwards, even as late as in the testamentary dowering, are understood as dowers if specifically
1359:. It is considered a gift which the bride has to agree on. The mahr can be any value as long as it is agreed upon by both parties. When the groom gives his bride the mahr, it becomes her property. While the mahr is usually in the form of cash, it may also be real estate or a business.
1355:: a man must pay mahr to his bride. It is the duty of the husband to pay as stated in the Qu'ran (Sura Al-Nisaa’ verses 4 and 20–24), although often his family may assist, and by agreement can be in promissory form, i.e. in the event the husband pronounces
1249:
such a man, for only by his wife's consent could a married man be legally professed in religion, and she was not allowed by her consent to exchange her husband for dower. After the
Reformation and the enactment of the English statute of 11 and 12
1087:
for his wife. The wife would retain her right to dower (if not barred by a settlement) even if her husband sold the property; however this right could also be barred by a fictitious court proceeding known as levying a fine. The widow of a
1326:
reigning houses, but it sometimes included no true property. This sort of dower was far from the original purpose of the bride receiving a settled property from the bridegroom's clan, in order to ensure her livelihood in widowhood.
710:, which was given over to a bride's family well in advance for arranging the marriage, but during the early Middle Ages, was given directly to the bride instead. However, in popular parlance, the term may be used for a
1261:
widow born in
England would be debarred of dower in land which her husband, he having been an Englishman of the same faith and becoming converted after marriage, should purchase, if she herself remained unconverted.
1078:
in fee by the husband during the marriage. However, in the early modern period, it was common for a wife to bar her right to dower in advance under a marriage settlement, under which she agreed to take instead a
877:
Dower was a property arrangement for marriage first used in early medieval German cultures, and the
Catholic Church drove its adoption into other countries, in order to improve the wife's security by this
1274:) was an important condition to marriages of dynasts of reigning houses and high nobility, the old matrimonial and contractual law provision of dowering was taken into a new use by institutionalizing the
946:
Dower by custom was an attempt to recognize the rules of dower customary at each manor and in each region. Customary dowers were also abolished in the 19th century, and replaced with uniform inheritance
870:
The bride received a right to certain property from the bridegroom or his family. It was intended to ensure her livelihood in widowhood, and it was to be kept separate and in the wife's possession.
1362:
The mahr is of assistance to a wife in times of financial need, such as a divorce or desertion by the husband. If the mahr is in promissory form then it becomes payable if the husband initiates a
1311:
Neither the bride nor any children of the marriage has any right on the groom's titles, rights, or entailed property. The children are considered legitimate on other counts and the prohibition of
943:
was not liable for the husband's debts — which became controversial after many tried to use it to shield their property from the collection of debts. The Dower Acts of 19th century abolished this.
1257:
widow was not held to be debarred of dower, for dower accruing by operation of law was deemed to be not within the prohibitions of the statute. By a curious disability of old
English law a
923:(where marriages used to take place). This was optional. Dower wasn't the same as bride price; rather, it was legal assignment of movable or fixed property that became the bride's property.
939:, was the dower given to the bride by the father of the bridegroom. This became obsolete long before it was formally abolished (in the United Kingdom, for example, by the Dower Act 1834).
989:
were brought on the part of the wife. So too in the special instance of a widow (herself poor and undowried) of a husband rich at the time of his death, an ordinance of the
Christian
1789:
896:, which was brought to the marriage by the bride and used by both spouses. This often meant that the woman's legal representative, usually a male relative, became guardian or
740:
is a widow (who may receive her dower). The term is especially used of a noble or royal widow who no longer occupies the position she held during the marriage. For example,
1128:
recognized a customary dower for widows, a holdover from old French law. This dower could be forfeited by women who took perpetual vows in certain religious orders.
1496:
667:
1460:
1782:
1322:
excluding the spouse from property, though children are usually not affected by prenuptials, whereas they certainly were by morganatical marriage.
1330:
1479:
1278:. Marriage being morganatical prevents the passage of the husband's titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage.
1775:
1270:
Some high-born persons have been prone to marry an ineligible spouse. Particularly in
European countries where the equal birth of spouses (
1366:. If it was previously paid, the wife is entitled to keep her mahr. However, if the woman initiates the divorce (in the procedure called
1947:
1518:
757:
660:
2085:
1152:
while the husband is still alive (wives co-sign their husbands' deeds for land in order to release their inchoate dower rights),
741:
1064:
749:
1744:
1055:
821:
Being for the widow and being accorded by law, dower differs essentially from a conventional marriage portion such as the
393:
1386:'s most holy book, the dower is paid from the groom to the bride. The dower, if the husband lives in a city, is nineteen
653:
1474:
William
Blackstone (2009), The Commentaries of Sir William Blackstone, Knight, on the Laws, Constitution of England;
2032:
1798:
256:
206:
57:
800:
634:
684:
Dower agreement (Proikosymfono) before wedding at Kastoria, Greece, (1905). Source: Folkloric Museum of Kastoria
2318:
1585:
1205:
584:
63:
1600:
691:
is a provision accorded traditionally by a husband or his family, to a wife for her support should she become
993:
secured her the right to a part of her husband's property, of which no disposition of his could deprive her.
2150:
400:
2047:
1387:
1250:
1245:
919:, was the closest to modern meaning of dower. It was the property secured by law, in bride's name at the
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2313:
2230:
1846:
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1634:
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579:
492:
283:
246:
35:
2104:
1383:
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2220:
2215:
1841:
1548:
1319:
1144:, has been "with some modifications everywhere adopted as part of the municipal jurisprudence of the
1022:
487:
482:
269:
2382:
2110:
1275:
1228:—modified and augmented in Arkansas and Kentucky with other protections for surviving spouses like
787:
629:
265:
2377:
2255:
2180:
1513:
1233:
1014:
883:
517:
447:
1192:
rights have been abolished by statute in most American states and territories, most recently in
981:
the gift was made by the husband to the wife. There was indeed in the Roman law what was termed
1071:, by which she and her husband formally remitted their right to the property to the purchaser.
2346:
2308:
2250:
2042:
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1836:
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1363:
1356:
1197:
990:
680:
619:
589:
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251:
226:
81:
1715:
1100:, an equivalent right to dower, but often (but not necessarily) a half, rather than a third.
889:
culture, such as Sweden, Germany, Normandy and successor states of the Langobardian kingdom.
2175:
2075:
1924:
1379:
1201:
977:(dowry) of the Roman law, which was a gift on the part of the wife to the husband, while in
714:
in property settled by a husband on his wife at any time, not just at the wedding. The verb
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443:
346:
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1962:
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42:
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2093:
1957:
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The husband was legally prevented from using the wife's dower — as contrasted with her
410:
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199:
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2130:
2027:
1952:
1942:
1899:
1738:
1455:
1450:
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1145:
1137:
1112:, the part of the estate that cannot be denied to a surviving wife is referred to as
1068:
1060:
836:
764:
parlance. Such a dowager will receive the income from her dower property. (The term "
745:
711:
562:
512:
415:
373:
168:
1394:) of pure gold, or, if the husband lives outside a city, the same amount in silver.
1001:
882:
benefit. The practice of dower was prevalent in those parts of Europe influenced by
1995:
1979:
1909:
1886:
1831:
1757:
1113:
1054:
that prevented their wives' acquiring dower. Accordingly, the English statute, the
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The payment from the groom to the bride is a mandatory condition for all valid
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17:
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once the lot is determined. Then she can live on the dower lot or get its
985:, a gift from the family of the husband, but this was only required if the
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2235:
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2037:
1914:
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Property made over to the bride's family at the time of the wedding is a
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331:
302:
187:
177:
141:
85:
1633:, T. & J. W. Johnson & Co., Philadelphia (1867, 2nd Ed. 1883).
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2157:
2020:
2010:
1861:
1464:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 457.
1408:
1185:
1176:
and the court will determine and assign a dower lot to the widow. See
1018:
978:
966:
962:
933:. It was abolished in 1660, by the act which did away with old tenures.
861:
822:
782:
736:
475:
457:
438:
420:
156:
126:
94:
1136:
It was the law of dower unimpaired by statute which, according to the
2140:
2015:
1974:
1635:
https://archive.org/stream/cu31924018800619/cu31924018800619_djvu.txt
1424:
1258:
1125:
1075:
1042:
1038:
1026:
912:
In English legal history, there were originally five kinds of dower:
850:
383:
151:
131:
114:
109:
104:
99:
1737: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2328:
2281:
2000:
1876:
1367:
1352:
1329:
The practice of morganatic marriage was most common in historical
1285:
1181:
1000:
893:
843:
825:
773:
703:) by agreement at the time of the wedding, or as provided by law.
692:
679:
602:
557:
462:
31:
961:
Dower is thought to have been suggested by the bride price which
2245:
1866:
1346:
1217:
507:
161:
1771:
1253:, prohibiting "papists" from inheriting or purchasing lands, a
1688:, Filmer Bros. Press, San Francisco, (1955–1959); non-repeal:
1033:(1215); but it seems to have already become customary law in
1562:
1449:
1156:
after his death and before a dower lot is assigned to her,
1059:
simpler than the previous procedure, which had required a
771:
Property brought to the marriage by the bride is called a
1148:". In American law, a widow's dower estate has phases:
752:(though she was referred to by the more informal title "
1654:
Arkansas Code, §§ 28-11-305, 28-11-307 and 18-12-402.
900:
of the dower, to ensure that it was not squandered.
2327:
2264:
2208:
2123:
2063:
1988:
1933:
1885:
1812:
1805:
812:. This property does not pass to the bride herself.
27:
Assets reserved for a wife in case her husband dies
1074:In English law, dower was one third of the lands
1599:Vahlsing, Joseph H.; Hudson, William E. (1972).
1266:Morganatic marriage: a post-medieval application
768:", in Chinese history, has a different meaning.)
1631:A Treatise on the Law of Dower, in Two Volumes
1092:was usually provided for by the custom of the
1783:
1601:"Inchoate Dower - An Idea Whose Time Is Past"
661:
8:
1318:The practice of "only-doweried" is close to
874:intended for the maintenance of the widow.
1809:
1790:
1776:
1768:
1645:State of Michigan, Public Act 489 of 2016.
1029:(1214), and in the almost contemporaneous
668:
654:
220:
77:
47:
1716:"Islams Women – Fiqh of Marriage – Dowry"
929:was a hereditary conveyance of tenure by
1443:
1441:
1021:. Dower is mentioned in an ordinance of
1437:
1013:even now in the marriage ritual of the
795:, and is recognized as a definition of
282:
214:
139:
80:
50:
1208:being based mainly on French law. In
1049:England and other common law countries
760:was the Dowager Duchess of Halland in
706:The dower grew out of the practice of
1663:Kentucky Revised Statutes, § 381.135.
7:
1762:The Knight, The Lady, and the Priest
1753:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1573:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1240:Relationship to religious profession
1519:Commentaries on the Laws of England
1224:, a widow's dower remains a valid
25:
1747:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1561:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1005:"Thy truth, then, be thy dower".
1743:Charles William Sloane (1913). "
1732:
51:
997:Establishment in Western Europe
699:on the bride (being given into
1448:Scott, Harold Spencer (1911).
1292:, refers to the dower (Latin:
1:
1692:, PL86-3, §§ 2 and 15 (1959).
1551:, London, 1905, Vol. III, 189
1056:Fines and Recoveries Act 1833
1497:Grand dictionnaire universel
973:, but contrasts it with the
969:. This bride price he terms
965:found to be usual among the
1799:Interpersonal relationships
1686:Revised Laws of Hawaii 1955
1672:Ohio Revised Code §2103.02.
1306:matrimonium ad morganaticum
1290:matrimonium ad morganaticam
1222:Territory of Palmyra Island
1196:in 2016. Dower was never "
726:In popular usage, the term
2399:
2033:Queerplatonic relationship
1344:
40:
29:
917:Dower ad ostium ecclesiae
801:Oxford English Dictionary
30:Not to be confused with
1461:Encyclopædia Britannica
1124:As of 1913, the law in
983:donatio propter nuptias
937:Dower ex assensu patris
1009:
927:Dower de la plus belle
730:may be confused with:
685:
1948:Friends with benefits
1847:Same-sex relationship
1750:Catholic Encyclopedia
1629:Charles H. Scribner,
1570:Catholic Encyclopedia
1320:pre-nuptial contracts
1174:admeasurment of dower
1069:fictitious proceeding
1065:Court of Common Pleas
1004:
683:
476:Emotions and feelings
41:For the surname, see
36:Dour (disambiguation)
2304:Relationship anarchy
1842:Domestic partnership
1690:Hawaii Admission Act
1605:Kentucky Law Journal
1500:, Paris, 1870, s.v.
1063:to be levied in the
1023:King Philip Augustus
781:has been used since
744:was technically the
2111:Romantic friendship
1374:In the Baháʼà Faith
1276:morganatic marriage
748:after the death of
630:Narcissistic parent
2256:Unconditional love
2105:Maîtresse-en-titre
2088:à la façon du pays
1718:. islamswomen.com.
1522:, II, 134, note p.
1234:community property
1160:(and if necessary
1015:Established Church
1010:
791:) in the sense of
686:
448:marital separation
2360:
2359:
2347:Domestic violence
2119:
2118:
1895:Open relationship
1837:Significant other
1480:978-1-60442-719-6
1378:According to the
1178:Scribner on Dower
991:Emperor Justinian
720:is sometimes used
678:
677:
635:Power and control
359:
358:
355:
354:
227:Significant other
207:Mixed-orientation
67:
16:(Redirected from
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1596:
1590:
1584:Commentaries on
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1566:
1558:
1552:
1542:
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1529:
1523:
1510:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1453:
1445:
1353:Muslim marriages
1154:unassigned dower
788:The Clerk's Tale
777:. But the word
670:
663:
656:
221:
78:
61:
55:
48:
21:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2342:Dating violence
2323:
2314:Sexual activity
2260:
2204:
2115:
2059:
1984:
1963:One-night stand
1929:
1881:
1801:
1796:
1742:
1733:
1729:
1727:Further reading
1724:
1723:
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1560:
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1543:
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1526:
1511:
1507:
1490:
1486:
1482:; pages 105–111
1473:
1469:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1400:
1376:
1349:
1343:
1268:
1244:During the pre-
1242:
1142:Chancellor Kent
1134:
1122:
1106:
1051:
999:
959:
954:
910:
819:
766:Empress Dowager
758:Princess Lilian
742:Queen Elizabeth
674:
645:
644:
605:
595:
594:
580:Sexual activity
543:
535:
534:
478:
468:
467:
434:
426:
425:
369:
361:
360:
351:
327:
313:Mutual monogamy
194:
173:
75:
60:
56:
46:
43:Dower (surname)
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2108:
2101:
2099:Royal favorite
2096:
2094:Royal mistress
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2003:
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1992:
1990:
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1982:
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1966:
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1958:Sexual partner
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1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1707:
1694:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1622:
1591:
1576:
1553:
1537:
1524:
1505:
1484:
1467:
1456:Chisholm, Hugh
1436:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1414:Elective Share
1411:
1406:
1399:
1396:
1375:
1372:
1345:Main article:
1342:
1339:
1335:United Kingdom
1272:EbenbĂĽrtigkeit
1267:
1264:
1255:Roman Catholic
1241:
1238:
1230:elective share
1226:estate in land
1202:Louisianan law
1150:inchoate dower
1133:
1130:
1121:
1118:
1105:
1102:
1050:
1047:
998:
995:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
948:
944:
940:
934:
931:knight service
924:
909:
906:
818:
815:
814:
813:
804:
769:
676:
675:
673:
672:
665:
658:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
606:
601:
600:
597:
596:
593:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
566:
565:
560:
555:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
527:
522:
521:
520:
515:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
479:
474:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
441:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
424:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
397:
396:
394:Bachelor's Day
386:
381:
376:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
357:
356:
353:
352:
350:
349:
344:
339:
334:
328:
326:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
291:
290:
280:
279:
278:
277:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
217:
216:
212:
211:
210:
209:
204:
203:
202:
200:Group marriage
193:
192:
191:
190:
185:
174:
172:
171:
166:
165:
164:
159:
148:
145:
144:
137:
136:
135:
134:
129:
124:
119:
118:
117:
112:
102:
97:
89:
88:
76:
73:
72:
69:
68:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2395:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2319:Transgression
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Singles event
2193:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2048:Consequential
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Platonic love
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:Casual dating
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:Open marriage
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1739:public domain
1731:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1705:, Bk. II, 121
1704:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1564:"Dower"
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1451:"Dower"
1444:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1390:(approx. 2.2
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:Kitáb-i-Aqdas
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:German states
1327:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1184:'s dower and
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:United States
1143:
1139:
1132:United States
1131:
1129:
1127:
1120:French Canada
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1003:
996:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
956:
951:
945:
941:
938:
935:
932:
928:
925:
922:
918:
915:
914:
913:
907:
905:
904:received it.
901:
899:
895:
890:
888:
885:
881:
875:
871:
868:
866:
863:
859:
855:
852:
848:
845:
841:
838:
834:
831:
827:
824:
816:
811:
810:
805:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:
784:
780:
776:
775:
770:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:dowager queen
743:
739:
738:
733:
732:
731:
729:
724:
723:
719:
718:
713:
712:life interest
709:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
682:
671:
666:
664:
659:
657:
652:
651:
649:
648:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
604:
599:
598:
591:
588:
586:
585:Transgression
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
546:
545:
539:
538:
531:
528:
526:
523:
519:
518:Unconditional
516:
514:
511:
510:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
477:
472:
471:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
430:
429:
422:
419:
417:
416:Singles event
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
395:
392:
391:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
365:
364:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
292:
289:
285:
281:
275:
271:
267:
263:
260:
258:
257:Queerplatonic
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
208:
205:
201:
198:
197:
196:
195:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
169:Open marriage
167:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
149:
147:
146:
143:
138:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
116:
113:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
92:
91:
90:
87:
83:
79:
71:
70:
65:
59:
58:Relationships
54:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
2373:Property law
2289:Gold digging
2276:
2103:
2087:
1996:Acquaintance
1989:Non-romantic
1980:Sugar dating
1910:Polyfidelity
1887:Non-monogamy
1832:Cohabitation
1761:
1758:Georges Duby
1748:
1710:
1702:
1701:Blackstone,
1697:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1630:
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1608:
1604:
1594:
1586:American Law
1583:
1579:
1568:
1556:
1540:
1532:
1531:Blackstone,
1527:
1517:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1487:
1470:
1459:
1423:
1384:Baháʼà Faith
1377:
1361:
1350:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:morganaticum
1293:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1243:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1140:commentator
1135:
1123:
1114:jus relictae
1107:
1073:
1052:
1011:
986:
982:
974:
970:
960:
936:
926:
921:church porch
916:
911:
902:
891:
887:Scandinavian
879:
876:
872:
869:
864:
857:
853:
846:
839:
832:
820:
807:
796:
792:
786:
778:
772:
754:queen mother
735:
727:
725:
721:
716:
705:
688:
687:
552:
323:Polyfidelity
308:Non-monogamy
252:Life partner
242:Cohabitation
18:Morning gift
2352:Elder abuse
2337:Child abuse
2272:Bride price
2190:Meet market
2172:Separation
1920:Concubinage
1684:, § 319-1,
1404:Bride price
1392:troy ounces
1300:, Swedish:
1284:, from the
1251:William III
1246:Reformation
1031:Magna Carta
858:bruidsschat
809:bride price
708:bride price
548:Bride price
406:Meet market
337:Concubinage
122:Grandparent
2383:Family law
2367:Categories
2309:Repression
2299:Infidelity
2226:Compersion
2221:Attachment
2064:Historical
2055:Sycophancy
2006:Friendship
1953:Enjo kĹŤsai
1935:Casual sex
1827:Girlfriend
1545:Year Books
1514:Blackstone
1432:References
1302:morgongĂĄva
1298:Morgengabe
1296:, German:
1282:Morganatic
1206:civil code
1162:admeasured
1090:copyholder
880:additional
590:Repression
575:Infidelity
488:Attachment
389:Engagement
368:Activities
262:Friendship
237:Girlfriend
215:Partner(s)
2378:Widowhood
2294:Hypergamy
2265:Practices
2241:Limerence
2163:Annulment
2136:Courtship
2086:Marriage
1970:Courtesan
1905:Polyamory
1877:Widowhood
1822:Boyfriend
1549:Edward II
1315:applies.
1110:Scots law
1098:freebench
1007:King Lear
957:Roman era
837:Byzantine
750:George VI
695:. It was
570:Hypergamy
542:Practices
530:Sexuality
503:Limerence
463:Widowhood
453:Annulment
379:Courtship
342:Courtesan
318:Polyamory
270:cross-sex
232:Boyfriend
183:Polyandry
2236:Jealousy
2231:Intimacy
2216:Affinity
2209:Emotions
2076:Seraglio
2071:Cicisbeo
2043:Familiar
2038:Stranger
2021:Siblings
1925:Mistress
1915:Polygamy
1872:Soulmate
1857:Marriage
1852:Monogamy
1814:Romantic
1703:op. cit.
1611:(3): 671
1589:, IV, 36
1533:op. cit.
1492:Larousse
1419:Jointure
1398:See also
1388:mithqáls
1341:In Islam
1220:and the
1214:Kentucky
1210:Arkansas
1198:received
1194:Michigan
1170:usufruct
1158:assigned
1138:American
1104:Scotland
1085:jointure
1081:jointure
1035:Normandy
898:executor
884:Germanic
856:, Dutch
762:heraldic
756:"), and
717:to dower
640:Stalking
620:Domestic
513:Platonic
498:Jealousy
493:Intimacy
483:Affinity
347:Mistress
332:Cicisbeo
303:Monogamy
284:Intimate
266:romantic
247:Same-sex
188:Polygyny
178:Polygamy
142:marriage
86:adoptive
2251:Passion
2200:Wedding
2181:Marital
2168:Divorce
2158:Breakup
2146:Romance
2131:Bonding
2081:Plaçage
2011:Kinship
1862:Husband
1764:(1981).
1741::
1502:Douaire
1458:(ed.).
1409:Curtesy
1364:divorce
1288:phrase
1200:" into
1190:curtesy
1186:widower
1019:England
979:Germany
967:Germans
963:Tacitus
952:History
865:Mitgift
844:Italian
823:English
817:Meaning
799:in the
783:Chaucer
737:dowager
697:settled
693:widowed
625:Elderly
563:service
525:Passion
458:Divorce
439:Breakup
433:Endings
421:Wedding
411:Romance
374:Bonding
264: (
157:Husband
127:Sibling
95:Kinship
82:Genetic
64:Outline
2151:Mating
2141:Dating
2124:Events
2016:Family
1975:Gigolo
1478:
1425:Wittum
1382:, the
1313:bigamy
1259:Jewish
1204:, its
1126:Quebec
1108:Under
1076:seised
1043:Naples
1041:, and
1039:Sicily
1027:France
862:German
851:French
828:(cf.
615:Dating
401:Mating
384:Dating
298:Casual
288:sexual
152:Spouse
132:Cousin
115:mother
110:father
105:Parent
100:Family
2329:Abuse
2282:Dowry
2277:Dower
2176:Legal
2001:Enemy
1806:Types
1745:Dower
1682:Dower
1615:3 May
1535:, 131
1454:. In
1368:khula
1357:talaq
1286:Latin
1182:widow
1180:. A
1166:dower
1096:with
1094:manor
947:laws.
908:Types
894:dowry
840:proĂx
830:Roman
826:dowry
797:dower
793:dowry
779:dower
774:dowry
728:dower
701:trust
689:Dower
610:Child
603:Abuse
558:dowry
553:dower
444:Legal
74:Types
32:Dowry
2246:Love
1867:Wife
1617:2021
1512:See
1476:ISBN
1347:Mahr
1232:and
1218:Ohio
1067:, a
1061:fine
847:dote
508:Love
286:and
274:zone
162:Wife
1547:of
1188:'s
1025:of
1017:in
987:dos
975:dos
971:dos
867:).
854:dot
833:dos
140:By
84:or
34:or
2369::
1760:,
1609:60
1607:.
1603:.
1567:.
1516:,
1494:,
1440:^
1337:.
1308:.
1236:.
1216:,
1212:,
1164:)
1116:.
1037:,
860:,
849:,
842:,
835:,
734:A
272:/
268:/
1791:e
1784:t
1777:v
1619:.
803:.
785:(
722:.
669:e
662:t
655:v
446:/
276:)
66:)
62:(
45:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
