214:
5463:
5329:
4488:
4421:
4290:
3673:
3275:
169:
50:
289:
496:
358:
31:
448:
39:
317:
472:
460:
2693:
436:
484:
2703:
309:
2713:
237:, wood components such as beams, brackets, roof frames, and struts were made to interlock with perfect fit, without using fasteners or glues, enabling the wood to expand and contract according to humidity. Archaeological evidence from Chinese sites shows that, by the end of the Neolithic, mortise and tenon joinery was employed in Chinese construction.
83:
Mortise and tenon joints are strong and stable joints that can be used in many projects. They connect by either gluing or friction-fitting into place. The mortise and tenon joint also gives an attractive look. One drawback to this joint is the difficulty in making it because of the precise measuring
265:
planks and other watercraft components together. It is a locked (pegged) mortise and tenon technique that consists of cutting two mortises into the edges of two planks; a separate rectangular tenon is then inserted in the two mortises. The assembly is then locked in place by driving a dowel through
95:
The tenon, formed on the end of a member generally referred to as a rail, fits into a square or rectangular hole cut into the other, corresponding member. The tenon is cut to fit the mortise hole exactly. It usually has shoulders that seat when the joint fully enters the mortise hole. The joint may
279:
joint that prevents the tenon coming loose, is one third the length of the tenon and one-sixth of the width of the tenon in its depth. The remaining two-thirds of the rail, the tenon shoulders, help to counteract lateral forces that might tweak the tenon from the mortise, contributing to its
274:
Generally, the size of the mortise and tenon is related to the thickness of the timbers. It is good practice to proportion the tenon as one third the thickness of the rail, or as close to this as is practical. The haunch, the cut-away part of a
182:
The mortise and tenon joint is an ancient joint. One of the earliest mortise-tenon structure examples dates back 7,000 years to the Hemudu culture in China's
Zhejiang Province. Tusked joints were found in a well near
345:: a mortise in which the back is wider, or taller, than the front, or opening. The space for the wedge initially leaves room to insert the tenon. The wedge, after the tenon is engaged, prevents its withdrawal.
373:
Stub tenon: a short tenon, the depth of which depends on the size of the timber; also a tenon that is shorter than the width of the mortised piece so the tenon does not show (as opposed to a "through tenon").
84:
and tight cutting required. In its most basic form, a mortise and tenon joint is both simple and strong. There are many variations of this type of joint, and the basic mortise and tenon has two components:
649:
Tegel W, Elburg R, Hakelberg D, Stäuble H, Büntgen U (2012) Early
Neolithic Water Wells Reveal the World's Oldest Wood Architecture. PLoS ONE 7(12): e51374. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051374
1036:
1040:
2586:
335:
Stub mortise: a shallow mortise, the depth of which depends on the size of the timber; also a mortise that does not go through the workpiece (as opposed to a "through mortise").
4678:
4683:
3996:
3944:
369:
A tenon is a projection on the end of a timber for insertion into a mortise. Usually, the tenon is taller than it is wide. There are several kinds of tenons:
4688:
2749:
2576:
403:
Teasel (or teazle) tenon: a term used for the tenon on top of a jowled or gunstock post, which is typically received by the mortise in the underside of a
5231:
5211:
5299:
4477:
4887:
4381:
379:
Loose tenon: a tenon that is a separate part of the joint, as opposed to a fixed tenon that is an integral part of one of the pieces to be joined.
935:
495:
5221:
4472:
4344:
194:, and used in construction of the wooden lining of the wells. Mortise and tenon joints have also been found joining the wooden planks of the "
4748:
1068:
910:
786:
755:
5169:
2706:
698:
Pegged mortise-and-tenon joints similar to those used in Graeco-Roman ships of later centuries fasten its planks together and to the keel.
5216:
4359:
2561:
667:
802:
80:
around the world have used it for thousands of years to join pieces of wood, mainly when the adjoining pieces connect at right angles.
5226:
4616:
2591:
154:, a noun in English since the late 14th century, developed its sense of "a projection inserted to make a joint" from the Old French
435:
376:
Through tenon: a tenon that passes entirely through the piece of wood it is inserted into, being clearly visible on the rear side.
5251:
5158:
4118:
2566:
4329:
625:
225:
from archaeological sites in the Middle East, Europe and Asia. Many instances are found, for example, in ruins of houses in the
4978:
3096:
2742:
423:
Half shoulder tenon: an asymmetric tenon with a shoulder on one side only. A common use is in framed, ledged, and braced doors.
4968:
4375:
2571:
3974:
5312:
5294:
4942:
2581:
2291:
1309:
5236:
4833:
4452:
1918:
4268:
5289:
5120:
4666:
4569:
4108:
3867:
3147:
580:
553:
459:
5145:
4408:
4251:
4123:
4013:
3969:
2771:
2735:
1768:
447:
5378:
5307:
4882:
4738:
4671:
4391:
3897:
3840:
2596:
1734:
1061:
471:
5419:
4631:
4158:
4153:
3959:
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3240:
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292:
168:
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1007:
646:
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4845:
4548:
4339:
4246:
4133:
3768:
3119:
1948:
1096:
1091:
483:
244:
were dressed and fashioned with mortise and tenon joints before they were erected between 2600 and 2400 BC.
203:
49:
2716:
830:
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4919:
4728:
4723:
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3446:
3377:
3342:
1739:
1588:
1450:
1362:
213:
4594:
3773:
927:
400:
Tusk tenon: a kind of mortise and tenon joint that uses a wedge-shaped key to hold the joint together.
5373:
5246:
5186:
5039:
4973:
4816:
4804:
4648:
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1870:
1550:
1530:
1470:
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527:
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199:
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Through-wedged half-dovetail: a wedged half-dovetail mortise that passes entirely through the piece.
5435:
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5191:
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5020:
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1830:
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1410:
1182:
1142:
276:
207:
69:
602:"Across China: Ancient woodworking technique revived in modern times - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
778:
772:
393:) through one or more holes drilled through the mortise side wall and tenon; this is common in
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3302:
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2535:
2515:
2366:
1933:
1676:
1400:
1242:
906:
881:
782:
751:
747:
741:
601:
404:
324:
A mortise is a hole cut into a timber to receive a tenon. There are several kinds of mortise:
262:
248:
222:
5045:
5486:
5358:
4914:
4809:
4553:
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4354:
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4178:
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3813:
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2311:
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2256:
1913:
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1390:
1157:
1032:
873:
689:
288:
99:
This joint is also used with other materials. For example, it is traditionally used by both
217:
Ship hull demonstrating the
Phoenician joint technique of locked (pegged) mortise and tenon
4774:
4128:
4088:
4026:
3129:
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2918:
2668:
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1991:
1711:
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38:
30:
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2187:
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1981:
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2129:
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1986:
1958:
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1560:
1540:
1277:
1252:
1237:
1197:
1162:
417:
329:
258:
100:
5099:
416:: a method of forming a tenon joint when the shoulders cannot be tightened with a
900:
17:
5451:
5413:
4996:
4935:
4754:
4708:
4693:
4621:
4349:
3828:
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3528:
3335:
3071:
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2826:
2811:
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2192:
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2089:
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1996:
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1077:
280:
strength. These also serve to hide imperfections in the opening of the mortise.
77:
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2001:
1966:
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1661:
1651:
1646:
1510:
1465:
1314:
1227:
1192:
296:
241:
230:
195:
127:
119:, "a hole or groove in which something is fitted to form a joint", comes from
104:
885:
4958:
4871:
3887:
3845:
3818:
3628:
3573:
3557:
3415:
3255:
3209:
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2331:
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512:
226:
188:
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308:
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3199:
2956:
2913:
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1656:
1583:
1525:
1490:
1485:
1382:
1301:
1212:
1177:
1172:
575:
390:
385:
Pegged (or pinned) tenon: the joint is strengthened by driving a peg or
5391:
4838:
4334:
4226:
3986:
3718:
3623:
3593:
3578:
3548:
3533:
3518:
3513:
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3159:
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2801:
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2627:
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2119:
2074:
2039:
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2029:
2024:
2006:
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1971:
1845:
1749:
1686:
1631:
1520:
1475:
1430:
1352:
1342:
1327:
1222:
1202:
647:
Early
Neolithic Water Wells Reveal the World's Oldest Wood Architecture
184:
43:
5442:
5087:
4908:
4703:
4447:
3892:
3798:
3643:
3598:
3543:
3508:
3503:
3487:
3461:
3405:
3250:
3177:
3081:
3054:
3049:
3039:
2987:
2888:
2821:
2622:
2351:
2099:
1850:
1800:
1696:
1666:
1606:
1480:
1405:
1367:
1320:
1187:
1105:
136:
2727:
198:", a 43.6 m (143 ft) long vessel sealed into a pit in the
4308:
3803:
3793:
3638:
3618:
3563:
3523:
3497:
3441:
2940:
2500:
2409:
2404:
2389:
1810:
1601:
1594:
1565:
1545:
1515:
1500:
1460:
1445:
1435:
1420:
1415:
1395:
1372:
1347:
1267:
386:
356:
315:
307:
287:
212:
167:
48:
37:
29:
3400:
3389:
3059:
3044:
3024:
2925:
2806:
2399:
1928:
1865:
1790:
1671:
1626:
1621:
1357:
1101:
361:
Two tusked through tenons are used to hold the trestles of this
338:
Through mortise: a mortise that passes entirely through a piece.
73:
5344:
4503:
4436:
4305:
3688:
3290:
2769:
2731:
1050:
382:
Biscuit tenon: a thin oval piece of wood, shaped like a biscuit
320:
Brick mold from ancient Egypt held together with mortise joints
266:
one or more holes drilled through mortise side wall and tenon.
155:
130:
3034:
2525:
2016:
1785:
1611:
1505:
1337:
1046:
1037:
A Glossary of Terms For
Traditional Timber Framing (Timberbee)
233:, dating from the first to the 4th century BC. In traditional
902:
The Oxford
Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean
501:
A modern feather tenon joint (primarily called a loose tenon)
680:
Pulak, Cemal (1998). "The
Uluburun Shipwreck: An Overview".
774:
328:
Open mortise: a mortise that has only three sides. (See
247:
A variation of the mortise and tenon technique, called
441:
A traditional through, wedged, mortise and tenon joint
2587:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
53:
1) Through tenon and 2) mortise as a shouldered joint
839:] (in Latin). Translated by Henderson, Jeffrey.
777:(English ed.). Yale University Press. pp.
746:(English ed.). Yale University Press. pp.
145:
139:
5260:
5202:
5005:
4989:
4737:
4607:
4562:
4521:
4514:
4239:
4045:
4012:
4005:
3943:
3744:
3701:
3388:
3301:
3223:
3158:
3095:
2980:
2949:
2782:
2661:
2610:
2554:
2468:
2418:
2375:
2247:
2240:
2128:
2015:
1957:
1767:
1710:
1381:
1300:
1291:
1115:
1084:
899:López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (2019-07-29).
1006:
410:Top tenon: the tenon that occurs on top of a post.
682:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
221:Mortise and tenon joints have also been found in
96:be glued, pinned, or wedged to lock it in place.
312:A through mortise is used in this wooden hinge.
407:. A common element of the English tying joint.
2743:
1062:
866:International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
34:Diagram of a mortise (left) and tenon (right)
8:
206:around 2500 BC. They were also found in the
252:
5341:
5285:Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle
5232:International Congress of Maritime Museums
5212:Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology
4518:
4511:
4500:
4433:
4302:
4009:
3698:
3685:
3298:
3287:
2779:
2766:
2750:
2736:
2728:
2244:
1773:
1297:
1069:
1055:
1047:
5300:National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology
2577:Building and Wood Workers' International
5270:Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology
862:"Phoenician joints, coagmenta punicana"
539:
431:
42:Tusked-through tenons used on a French
5222:European Association of Archaeologists
666:(Volume 54, Number 3, May/June 2001).
4478:Pompey's campaign against the pirates
7:
2712:
172:Egyptian stool with through tenons,
5217:Archaeological Institute of America
2702:
2562:American Association of Woodturners
668:Archaeological Institute of America
465:A haunched stub tenon corner joint
1031:This article is partly based on a
878:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1980.tb01303.x
694:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1998.tb00803.x
257:) was extensively used in ancient
25:
5227:Institute of Nautical Archaeology
4617:Coastal defence and fortification
3992:Roman circumnavigation of Britain
3292:Navigation, and ports and harbors
2592:National Wood Carvers Association
144:, "fastened", past participle of
5461:
5327:
5252:Society for American Archaeology
4486:
4419:
4288:
3671:
3273:
2711:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2567:Architectural Woodwork Institute
712:"House-building in Ancient Niya"
494:
482:
470:
458:
446:
434:
4684:Phoenician discovery of America
938:from the original on 2020-09-25
150:, "cut a mortise in". The word
4376:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
2572:British Woodworking Federation
1041:GNU Free Documentation License
926:Teague, Matthew (2007-05-01).
860:Sleeswyk, A. W. (1980-08-01).
135:(13th century), possibly from
1:
5295:Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa
3970:Phoenician maritime expansion
2582:Caricature Carvers of America
740:Steinhardt, Nancy W. (2002).
173:
120:
5237:Nautical Archaeology Society
1005:Teague, Matthew (May 2007).
982:"Our Reviews, Your Decision"
660:World's Oldest Planked Boats
477:A foxtail wedged tenon joint
164:History and ancient examples
5290:Museum of Ancient Seafaring
4667:Temple of Poseidon, Sounion
4473:Kidnapping of Julius Caesar
4330:Indus–Mesopotamia relations
1008:"The Pegged Joint, Exposed"
928:"The Pegged Joint, Exposed"
905:. Oxford University Press.
581:Online Etymology Dictionary
554:Online Etymology Dictionary
489:A pinned corner tenon joint
295:; cutting a mortise with a
242:sarsen stones of Stonehenge
146:
140:
5508:
5146:Phoenician Ship Expedition
3987:Pytheas' voyage to Britain
3980:Circumnavigation of Africa
5459:
5351:
5340:
5325:
4672:Samothrace temple complex
4510:
4499:
4484:
4443:
4432:
4417:
4315:
4301:
4286:
4192:
3697:
3684:
3669:
3297:
3286:
3271:
2778:
2765:
2687:
2597:Society of Wood Engravers
1776:
453:A stub tenon corner joint
3960:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
710:Roberts, Rachel (2012).
293:Experimental archaeology
5242:RPM Nautical Foundation
4979:Surviving ancient ships
4898:Marsala Punic shipwreck
1039:under the terms of the
626:"The Neolithic Toolkit"
156:
131:
72:connects two pieces of
5275:Giza Solar boat museum
4729:Underwater exploration
4724:Underwater archaeology
4689:Pre-Columbian theories
4544:John Sinclair Morrison
4505:Research and education
3955:Austronesian Expansion
2674:Frameless construction
1755:Wood-plastic composite
841:Loeb Classical Library
366:
321:
313:
300:
253:
218:
192:Linear Pottery culture
179:
54:
46:
35:
5346:Legend and literature
5304:Viking ship museums:
5280:Grand Egyptian Museum
5040:Austronesian replicas
5015:Heyerdahl expeditions
4925:Caligula's Giant Ship
4785:Dover Bronze Age Boat
3447:Berenice Troglodytica
803:"Building Stonehenge"
360:
319:
311:
291:
216:
171:
88:the mortise hole, and
52:
41:
33:
5247:Sea Research Society
4649:Maritime archaeology
4458:Ameinias the Phocian
4453:Mediterranean piracy
2602:Timber Framers Guild
1456:Australian Blackwood
743:Chinese Architecture
235:Chinese architecture
210:(14th century BC).
200:Giza pyramid complex
4340:Maritime Jade Route
3493:Kaveri Poompattinam
2322:Hammer-headed tenon
1841:Janka hardness test
958:"Mortise-and-Tenon"
771:Xujie, Liu (2002).
414:Hammer-headed tenon
187:, created by early
177: 1991–1450 BC
76:or other material.
4888:Bajo de la Campana
4590:Peter Throckmorton
4575:Jean-Yves Empereur
4549:William L. Rodgers
4370:Maritime Silk Road
1183:Japanese carpentry
829:(1934) . "XVIII".
367:
322:
314:
301:
254:coagmenta punicana
219:
208:Uluburun shipwreck
180:
55:
47:
36:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5336:
5335:
5323:
5322:
4943:Madrague de Giens
4662:Temple of Isthmia
4658:Maritime temples
4644:Marine navigation
4603:
4602:
4595:Shelley Wachsmann
4585:J. Richard Steffy
4495:
4494:
4428:
4427:
4297:
4296:
4284:
4283:
4235:
4234:
3965:Ocean exploration
3680:
3679:
3667:
3666:
3326:Rutter (nautical)
3282:
3281:
3269:
3268:
3125:Mortise and tenon
2759:Ancient seafaring
2725:
2724:
2679:Green woodworking
2536:Wood preservation
2464:
2463:
2367:Tongue and groove
2347:Mortise and tenon
2236:
2235:
1934:Warrington hammer
1763:
1762:
1451:African Blackwood
1243:Segmented turning
956:Dekker, Michael.
934:. Taunton Press.
912:978-0-19-049935-8
788:978-0-300-09559-3
757:978-0-300-09559-3
628:. Archaeology.org
606:www.xinhuanet.com
574:Harper, Douglas.
547:Harper, Douglas.
249:Phoenician joints
223:ancient furniture
91:the tenon tongue.
66:mortice and tenon
27:Woodworking joint
18:Mortice and tenon
16:(Redirected from
5499:
5465:
5464:
5359:Ark of bulrushes
5342:
5331:
5330:
4969:Oldest surviving
4679:Nusantao network
4554:Chester G. Starr
4519:
4512:
4501:
4490:
4489:
4463:Cilician pirates
4434:
4423:
4422:
4360:Sa Huynh-Kalanay
4355:Iron Age Britain
4303:
4292:
4291:
4010:
3699:
3686:
3675:
3674:
3589:Ptolemais Theron
3299:
3288:
3277:
3276:
2869:Single-outrigger
2780:
2767:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2729:
2715:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2695:
2694:
2245:
1914:Thickness planer
1774:
1568:(lime, basswood)
1298:
1158:Chainsaw carving
1071:
1064:
1057:
1048:
1033:Quicksilver wiki
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1013:Fine Woodworking
1010:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
992:
978:
972:
971:
969:
968:
962:Woodwork Details
953:
947:
946:
944:
943:
923:
917:
916:
896:
890:
889:
857:
851:
850:
848:
847:
823:
817:
816:
814:
813:
807:English Heritage
799:
793:
792:
768:
762:
761:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
707:
701:
700:
677:
671:
658:Ward, Cheryl. "
656:
650:
644:
638:
637:
635:
633:
622:
616:
615:
613:
612:
598:
592:
591:
589:
588:
571:
565:
564:
562:
561:
544:
498:
486:
474:
462:
450:
438:
256:
251:(from the Latin
178:
175:
159:
149:
143:
134:
125:
122:
21:
5507:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5466:
5462:
5457:
5347:
5332:
5328:
5319:
5262:
5256:
5204:
5203:Institutes and
5198:
5153:Viking replicas
5094:Balangay Voyage
5007:
5001:
4985:
4740:
4733:
4609:
4599:
4558:
4506:
4491:
4487:
4482:
4439:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4311:
4293:
4289:
4280:
4231:
4188:
4041:
4001:
3946:
3939:
3740:
3693:
3676:
3672:
3663:
3539:Mueang Phra Rot
3393:
3384:
3293:
3278:
3274:
3265:
3219:
3193:Triangular sail
3154:
3091:
3065:Sail components
2976:
2945:
2919:Tessarakonteres
2774:
2761:
2756:
2726:
2721:
2683:
2669:Frame and panel
2657:
2606:
2550:
2460:
2419:Surface piecing
2414:
2371:
2292:Crown of thorns
2232:
2218:Smoothing plane
2124:
2011:
1953:
1856:Milling machine
1759:
1720:Cross-laminated
1706:
1377:
1287:
1258:Spindle turning
1248:Shingle weaving
1218:Pallet crafting
1111:
1080:
1075:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1016:
1015:. Taunton Press
1004:
1003:
999:
990:
988:
980:
979:
975:
966:
964:
955:
954:
950:
941:
939:
932:FineWoodworking
925:
924:
920:
913:
898:
897:
893:
859:
858:
854:
845:
843:
832:De agri cultura
825:
824:
820:
811:
809:
801:
800:
796:
789:
770:
769:
765:
758:
739:
738:
734:
724:
722:
709:
708:
704:
679:
678:
674:
657:
653:
645:
641:
631:
629:
624:
623:
619:
610:
608:
600:
599:
595:
586:
584:
573:
572:
568:
559:
557:
546:
545:
541:
536:
509:
502:
499:
490:
487:
478:
475:
466:
463:
454:
451:
442:
439:
430:
355:
306:
286:
272:
176:
166:
123:
113:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5505:
5503:
5495:
5494:
5492:Timber framing
5489:
5479:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5395:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5361:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5208:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5172:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5136:
5128:Mediterranean
5126:
5125:
5124:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5091:
5084:
5081:Alingano Maisu
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5024:
5011:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4930:De Meern ships
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4856:
4848:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4800:Cape Gelidonya
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4745:
4743:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4563:Archaeologists
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4529:David Blackman
4525:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4468:Jewish pirates
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4306:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4154:Lake Trasimene
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4055:Mediterranean:
4051:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3951:
3949:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3358:Maritime pilot
3355:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3323:
3321:Portolan chart
3318:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:Oared warships
2891:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2709:
2699:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2648:Quarter sawing
2645:
2640:
2638:Wood splitting
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2546:Wood finishing
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2506:Paint stripper
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2213:Shoulder plane
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2188:Moulding plane
2185:
2180:
2178:Japanese plane
2175:
2170:
2168:Grooving plane
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1982:Flooring clamp
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Winding sticks
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1919:Timber-framing
1916:
1911:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1745:Particle board
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Glue laminated
1722:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1306:
1304:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1263:Timber framing
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1233:Relief carving
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1133:Bush carpentry
1130:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1026:
1025:
997:
973:
948:
918:
911:
891:
872:(3): 243–244.
852:
837:On agriculture
818:
794:
787:
763:
756:
732:
702:
672:
651:
639:
617:
593:
566:
538:
537:
535:
532:
531:
530:
525:
523:Dovetail joint
520:
515:
508:
505:
504:
503:
500:
493:
491:
488:
481:
479:
476:
469:
467:
464:
457:
455:
452:
445:
443:
440:
433:
429:
426:
425:
424:
421:
411:
408:
401:
398:
395:timber framing
383:
380:
377:
374:
354:
351:
350:
349:
346:
339:
336:
333:
305:
302:
285:
282:
271:
268:
204:Fourth Dynasty
165:
162:
112:
109:
93:
92:
89:
64:(occasionally
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5504:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5429:Metamorphoses
5426:
5424:
5422:
5421:The Histories
5418:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5399:The Histories
5396:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5343:
5339:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5201:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5114:Marumaru Atua
5111:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5074:Samudra Raksa
5071:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5060:Te Au o Tonga
5057:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4920:Blackfriars I
4918:
4916:
4915:Arles Rhône 3
4913:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4719:Thalassocracy
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:Shell middens
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4654:Naval warfare
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4534:Lionel Casson
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4502:
4498:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4435:
4431:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Incense trade
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4300:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4269:South America
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:Sailing ships
4215:
4213:
4212:Oared vessels
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4134:Cape Hermaeum
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3945:Migration and
3942:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3752:Ancient Egypt
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:Civilizations
3743:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3285:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Clinker built
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:Boat building
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Navis lusoria
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2718:
2710:
2708:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:Chainsaw mill
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:Organizations
2553:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Steam bending
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:French polish
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:Rabbet/Rebate
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:Mason's mitre
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:Jointer plane
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:Compass plane
2151:
2149:
2148:Chamfer plane
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:Bedrock plane
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Veneer hammer
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:Impact driver
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:Red Quebracho
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
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1174:
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1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:Bow and arrow
1126:
1124:
1123:Boat building
1121:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1014:
1009:
1001:
998:
987:
986:Man Of Family
983:
977:
974:
963:
959:
952:
949:
937:
933:
929:
922:
919:
914:
908:
904:
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895:
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883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
856:
853:
842:
838:
834:
833:
828:
822:
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804:
798:
795:
790:
784:
780:
776:
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767:
764:
759:
753:
749:
745:
744:
736:
733:
721:
717:
713:
706:
703:
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695:
691:
687:
683:
676:
673:
669:
665:
661:
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648:
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627:
621:
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607:
603:
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594:
583:
582:
577:
570:
567:
556:
555:
550:
543:
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521:
519:
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510:
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485:
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406:
402:
399:
396:
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388:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
371:
370:
364:
363:trestle table
359:
352:
347:
344:
340:
337:
334:
331:
327:
326:
325:
318:
310:
303:
298:
294:
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71:
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63:
60:
51:
45:
40:
32:
19:
5450:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5412:
5407:On the Ocean
5405:
5398:
5390:
5387:Literature:
5175:
5157:
5138:
5131:
5121:Aotearoa One
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5031:
5027:
5019:
5006:Experimental
4974:Museum ships
4941:
4934:
4907:
4879:Phoenician:
4870:
4865:Leontophoros
4863:
4827:Butuan boats
4822:Pontian boat
4760:Dufuna canoe
4699:Shipbuilding
4610:and theories
4580:Boris Rankov
4374:
4307:Economy and
4207:Incendiaries
4054:
3841:Indus Valley
3809:Tarumanagara
3736:Ubaid period
3654:Wadi al-Jarf
3569:Ostia Antica
3173:Fore-and-aft
3140:Shipbuilding
3124:
3115:Carvel built
3097:Construction
3055:Steering oar
2936:Sailing ship
2859:Obelisk ship
2817:Dugout canoe
2486:Heat bending
2431:Edge banding
2346:
2203:Router plane
2198:Rebate plane
2158:Finger plane
1889:
1593:
1587:
1567:
1561:Lignum vitae
1319:
1313:
1278:Wood carving
1253:Shipbuilding
1238:Root carving
1198:Log building
1163:Chip carving
1017:. Retrieved
1012:
1000:
989:. Retrieved
985:
976:
965:. Retrieved
961:
951:
940:. Retrieved
931:
921:
901:
894:
869:
865:
855:
844:. Retrieved
836:
831:
827:Cato, Marcus
821:
810:. Retrieved
806:
797:
773:
766:
742:
735:
723:. Retrieved
719:
715:
705:
697:
685:
681:
675:
663:
654:
642:
630:. Retrieved
620:
609:. Retrieved
605:
596:
585:. Retrieved
579:
569:
558:. Retrieved
552:
542:
368:
341:Wedged half-
330:bridle joint
323:
273:
261:to assemble
259:shipbuilding
246:
239:
220:
181:
151:
116:
114:
98:
94:
82:
65:
61:
58:
56:
5414:Argonautica
5401:(Herodotus)
5364:Flood myths
5261:Museums and
5205:conferences
5170:Vital Alsar
5008:archaeology
4817:Austronesia
4810:Hjortspring
4805:Rochelongue
4755:Pesse canoe
4709:Ship burial
4694:Sea Peoples
4627:Lighthouses
4622:Grave goods
4570:George Bass
4350:Spice trade
3947:exploration
3769:Philippines
3764:Austronesia
3757:Old Kingdom
3634:Trincomalee
3584:Prosphorion
3529:Myos Hormos
3373:Micronesian
3364:By region:
3336:Lighthouses
3144:By region:
2909:Quinquereme
2834:Kunlun ship
2827:Penteconter
2812:Dragon boat
2707:WikiProject
2653:Rift sawing
2643:Flat sawing
2531:Wood drying
2208:Scrub plane
2193:Razee plane
2143:Block plane
1997:Mitre clamp
1944:Wood scribe
1895:Combination
1637:Purpleheart
1333:Douglas fir
1283:Woodturning
1116:Occupations
1078:Woodworking
1035:article at
664:Archaeology
277:sash corner
270:Description
240:The thirty
229:kingdom of
160:"to hold".
124: 1400
105:blacksmiths
101:stonemasons
78:Woodworkers
5481:Categories
5423:(Polybius)
5067:Hawaiʻiloa
4949:Nemi ships
4834:Black Sea
4780:Khufu ship
4741:and relics
4639:Marine art
4632:Alexandria
4539:Fik Meijer
4522:Historians
4409:Indo-Roman
4222:Greek navy
4124:Salamis II
4114:Hellespont
4074:Artemisium
4064:Nile Delta
4027:Achaemenid
3920:Achaemenid
3789:Langkasuka
3784:Micronesia
3702:Prehistory
3629:Sounagoura
3457:Chittagong
3432:Barbarikon
3411:Alexandria
3353:Pilot boat
3303:Navigation
3135:Sewn-plank
3130:Lashed-lug
3008:Figurehead
2981:Components
2950:Propulsion
2904:Quadrireme
2885:Polyremes
2864:Outriggers
2662:Techniques
2611:Conversion
2541:Wood stain
2469:Treatments
2257:Birdsmouth
2223:Spokeshave
2173:Jack plane
2163:Fore plane
2002:Pipe clamp
1967:Band clamp
1891:Carpenters
1712:Engineered
1662:Rubberwood
1511:Eucalyptus
1315:Calocedrus
1228:Pyrography
1193:Kohlrosing
1019:2015-02-18
991:2017-07-28
967:2015-02-18
942:2021-04-28
846:2021-04-27
812:2020-10-27
725:26 October
688:(3): 210.
611:2024-03-26
587:2019-02-19
560:2019-02-19
534:References
297:cannonbone
196:Khufu ship
132:'mortaise'
128:Old French
5436:Geography
5374:Gilgamesh
5263:memorials
5187:Viracocha
5100:Faʻafaite
5053:Sarimanok
4959:Yassi Ada
4872:Syracusia
4795:Canaanite
4770:Moor Sand
4240:By region
4202:Grappling
4174:Naulochus
4164:Myonessus
4119:Echinades
4104:Arginusae
4099:Cynossema
4084:Naupactus
4079:Eurymedon
3913:Classical
3888:Phoenicia
3883:Mycenaean
3846:Tamilakam
3829:Polynesia
3819:Srivijaya
3614:Satingpra
3574:Palembang
3558:Cattigara
3500:(Kadaram)
3483:Jambukola
3477:Guangzhou
3418:(Podouke)
3416:Arikamedu
3378:Polynesia
3311:Celestial
3224:Armaments
3210:Spritsail
3168:Crab claw
3110:Careening
3077:Sternpost
2931:Reed boat
2874:Catamaran
2849:Multihull
2451:Parquetry
2446:Oystering
2441:Marquetry
2282:Butterfly
1949:Workbench
1881:Sandpaper
1861:Mitre box
1806:Drawknife
1796:Burnisher
1781:Abrasives
1730:Hardboard
1391:Afromosia
1273:Whittling
1223:Parquetry
1208:Marquetry
1153:Certosina
1148:Carpentry
1138:Cabinetry
1085:Overviews
886:1057-2414
632:7 January
549:"mortise"
513:Box joint
365:together.
227:Silk Road
189:Neolithic
141:'murtazz'
115:The noun
111:Etymology
62:and tenon
5452:Tākitimu
5355:Legend:
5313:Roskilde
5192:Tangaroa
5133:Olympias
5107:Gaualofa
5046:Hōkūleʻa
5021:Kon-Tiki
4854:Ashkelon
4790:Uluburun
4749:Earliest
4515:Scholars
4397:shipping
4197:Boarding
4109:Mytilene
4094:Syracuse
4059:Alashiya
4022:Egyptian
4006:Military
3997:Timeline
3975:Sardinia
3898:Carthage
3814:Kalingga
3774:Sa Huỳnh
3709:Timeline
3659:Zanzibar
3609:Sarapion
3604:Rhacotis
3534:Martaban
3479:(Canton)
3472:Godavaya
3467:Giao Chỉ
3437:Barygaza
3427:Avalites
3348:Piloting
3236:Catapult
3231:Ballista
3205:Mast-aft
3018:Planking
2957:Paddling
2914:Hexareme
2879:Trimaran
2844:Longship
2792:Balangay
2697:Category
2476:Adhesive
2456:Purfling
2436:Intarsia
2377:Profiles
2302:Dovetail
2241:Geometry
2080:Hand saw
2065:Crosscut
2050:Circular
2045:Chainsaw
1992:Holdfast
1657:Rosewood
1589:American
1584:Mahogany
1556:Jelutong
1526:Hornbeam
1491:Cocobolo
1486:Chestnut
1401:Andiroba
1213:Millwork
1178:Intarsia
1173:Fretwork
1168:Ébéniste
1097:Glossary
936:Archived
716:IDP News
507:See also
405:tie beam
391:treenail
343:dovetail
304:Mortises
5487:Joinery
5392:Odyssey
5369:Genesis
5166:Others
4965:Lists:
4954:Marausa
4904:Roman:
4894:Punic:
4859:Kyrenia
4850:Greek:
4846:Marsala
4839:Sinop D
4714:Tacking
4448:History
4335:Meluhha
4325:Fishing
4320:Whaling
4227:Ramming
4149:Aegates
4144:Drepana
4139:Ecnomus
4069:Salamis
4057:
4047:Battles
3925:Nabatea
3908:Archaic
3878:Nuragic
3868:Somalia
3719:Oceania
3714:Britain
3691:History
3624:Socotra
3594:Qandala
3579:Piraeus
3549:Muziris
3519:Madurai
3514:Manthai
3452:Canopus
3422:Arsinoe
3394:harbors
3343:History
3331:Coastal
3261:Sambuca
3246:Dolphin
3160:Rigging
2972:Poling
2962:Sailing
2899:Trireme
2839:Liburna
2802:Coracle
2772:Vessels
2717:Commons
2633:Whipsaw
2628:Sawmill
2521:Varnish
2516:Thermal
2491:Lacquer
2426:Binding
2395:Chamfer
2262:Biscuit
2228:Surform
2120:Whipsaw
2090:Keyhole
2075:Fretsaw
2055:Compass
2040:Bucksaw
2030:Bandsaw
2025:Backsaw
2007:Sawbuck
1977:F-clamp
1972:C-clamp
1846:Jointer
1750:Plywood
1702:Zebrano
1642:Ovankol
1607:Meranti
1595:African
1566:Linden
1521:Hickory
1476:Cedrela
1471:Camphor
1466:Bubinga
1461:Boxwood
1441:Bilinga
1426:Avodire
1343:Juniper
1328:Cypress
1203:Luthier
1092:History
576:"tenon"
428:Gallery
397:joints.
202:of the
185:Leipzig
157:'tenir'
147:'razza'
117:mortise
59:mortise
44:granary
5443:Aeneid
5159:Viking
5140:Regina
4909:Alkedo
4765:Abydos
4739:Wrecks
4608:Topics
4438:Piracy
4392:Greece
4252:Odisha
4184:Actium
4179:Mycale
4014:Navies
3903:Greece
3893:Olmecs
3861:Pandya
3836:Minoan
3799:Champa
3779:Lapita
3724:Remote
3644:Tyndis
3599:Quilon
3544:Muscat
3509:Lothal
3504:Korkai
3488:Jeddah
3462:Essina
3406:Adulis
3316:Charts
3251:Harpax
3241:Corvus
3215:Square
3183:Settee
3178:Lateen
3087:Tiller
3082:Strake
3050:Rudder
3040:Paddle
2988:Anchor
2967:Towing
2889:Bireme
2822:Galley
2797:Bangka
2623:Hewing
2362:Splice
2317:Halved
2312:Groove
2307:Finger
2287:Coping
2272:Bridle
2249:Joints
2130:Planes
2115:Veneer
2105:Scroll
2100:Ripsaw
2085:Jigsaw
2060:Coping
1959:Clamps
1886:Square
1876:Shaper
1871:Router
1851:Mallet
1826:Gimlet
1801:Chisel
1697:Willow
1687:Walnut
1677:Totara
1667:Sapele
1632:Poplar
1617:Padauk
1579:Merbau
1551:Jarrah
1536:Imbuia
1531:Idigbo
1496:Cumaru
1481:Cherry
1406:Anigre
1368:Spruce
1321:Cedrus
1188:Khatam
1143:Caning
1106:lumber
909:
884:
785:
754:
662:," in
528:Kumiko
353:Tenons
299:chisel
231:Cadota
137:Arabic
5379:Greek
5182:Abora
5176:Ivlia
5088:Saina
5032:Ra II
4990:Sites
4775:Dokos
4387:Egypt
4309:trade
4274:Rafts
4259:Japan
4247:India
4159:Chios
4129:Mylae
4089:Olpae
4037:Roman
4032:Greek
3930:Aksum
3856:Chera
3851:Chola
3824:Sunda
3804:Kutai
3794:Kedah
3639:Tulum
3619:Sidon
3564:Opone
3554:Óc Eo
3524:Malao
3498:Kedah
3442:Basra
3390:Ports
3368:Inuit
3188:Tanja
3148:Egypt
2998:Cabin
2941:Tomol
2784:Types
2501:Paint
2410:Ovolo
2405:Ogive
2390:Bevel
2357:Scarf
2342:Miter
2110:Table
2095:Miter
2070:Frame
1987:Gripe
1903:Speed
1899:Miter
1831:Gauge
1821:Float
1816:Fence
1811:Drill
1769:Tools
1692:Wenge
1682:Utile
1647:Ramin
1602:Maple
1574:Lovoa
1546:Iroko
1516:Hazel
1501:Ebony
1446:Birch
1436:Beech
1431:Balsa
1421:Aspen
1416:Apple
1396:Alder
1353:Kauri
1348:Larch
1310:Cedar
1293:Woods
1268:Treen
835:[
418:clamp
389:pin (
387:dowel
284:Types
152:tenon
126:from
70:joint
5308:Oslo
5030:and
4936:Isis
4883:Gozo
4404:Rome
4382:Maya
4264:Rome
4169:Nile
3935:Rome
3873:Maya
3729:Near
3649:Tyre
3401:Aden
3200:Junk
3072:Stem
3060:Sail
3045:Rope
3030:Mast
3025:Keel
3013:Hull
3003:Deck
2926:Raft
2807:Dhow
2400:Ogee
2385:Bead
2327:Knee
2297:Dado
2277:Butt
2017:Saws
1929:Vise
1866:Rasp
1791:Adze
1672:Teak
1627:Plum
1622:Pear
1383:Hard
1363:Rimu
1358:Pine
1302:Soft
1102:Wood
907:ISBN
882:ISSN
783:ISBN
752:ISBN
727:2012
634:2015
518:Dado
263:hull
103:and
74:wood
4345:Tin
3392:and
3256:Ram
3035:Oar
2993:Bow
2526:Wax
2496:Oil
2332:Lap
2267:Box
2035:Bow
1907:Try
1786:Axe
1740:OSB
1735:MDF
1612:Oak
1541:Ipê
1506:Elm
1411:Ash
1373:Yew
1338:Fir
874:doi
690:doi
5483::
5028:Ra
4997:H3
4751::
1905:,
1901:,
1897:,
1893:,
1592:,
1318:,
1011:.
984:.
960:.
930:.
880:.
868:.
864:.
805:.
781:.
779:11
750:.
720:39
718:.
714:.
696:.
686:27
684:.
604:.
578:.
551:.
332:).
174:c.
121:c.
107:.
68:)
57:A
3560:)
3556:(
2751:e
2744:t
2737:v
1910:)
1888:(
1598:)
1586:(
1324:)
1312:(
1108:)
1104:(
1070:e
1063:t
1056:v
1043:.
1022:.
994:.
970:.
945:.
915:.
888:.
876::
870:9
849:.
815:.
791:.
760:.
748:1
729:.
692::
670:.
636:.
614:.
590:.
563:.
420:.
20:)
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