640:
Tropical hardwoods are found within the equatorial belt, including Africa, Asia, and South
America. Hardwoods flaunt a higher density, around 1041 kg/m as a result of slower growing rates and is more stable when drying. As a result of its high density, hardwoods are typically heavier than softwoods but can also be more brittle. While there are an abundant number of hardwood species, only 200 are common enough and pliable enough to be used for woodworking. Hardwoods have a wide variety of properties, making it easy to find a hardwood to suit nearly any purpose, but they are especially suitable for outdoor use due to their strength and resilience to rot and decay. The coloring of hardwoods ranges from light to very dark, making it especially versatile for aesthetic purposes. However, because hardwoods are more closely grained, they are typically harder to work than softwoods. They are also harder to acquire in the United States and, as a result, are more expensive.
473:
pursued by many. There remains demand for hand crafted work such as furniture and arts, however with rate and cost of production, the cost for consumers is much higher. Modern woodcarving usually refers to works of wood art produced by woodcarvers in the form of contemporary art. This type of wood carving often combines traditional techniques with more modern artistic styles and concepts. Modern woodcarving can be produced in a variety of forms and styles, from realist to abstract carvings, and often uses unusual wood materials such as rainwood or wood with unique textures to highlight the uniqueness of the work.In recent years, the art of modern wood carving has become increasingly popular among woodworkers and visual art enthusiasts not only in Asia, but also around the world. Modern woodcarving art is often exhibited in art galleries and museums, and can be seen in several global contemporary art exhibitions.
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to the tendency of felled softwood to shrink and swell as it dries. Softwoods usually have a lower density, around 432–592 kg/m, which can compromise its strength. Density, however, does vary within both softwoods and hardwoods depending on the wood's geographical origin and growth rate. However, the lower density of softwoods also allows it to have a greater strength with lighter weight. In the United States, softwoods are typically cheaper and more readily available and accessible. Most softwoods are suitable for general construction, especially framing, trim, and finish work, and carcassing.
27:
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electric basses. Aspen is similarly soft, although slightly harder, and readily available and inexpensive. Butternut has a deeper hue than basswood and aspen and has a nice grain that is easy to carve, and thus friendly for beginners. It is also suitable for furniture. While more expensive than basswood, aspen, and butternut, black walnut is a popular choice for its rich color and grain. Lastly, oak is a strong, sturdy, and versatile wood for carving with a defined grain. It is also a popular wood for furniture making.
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of wood is high, it offers a lower resistance when cutting and has a diminished blunting effect on tools. Highly workable wood is easier to manipulate into desired forms. If the wood grain is straight and even, it will be much easier to create strong and durable glued joints. Additionally, it will help protect the wood from splitting when nailed or screwed. Coarse grains require a lengthy process of filing and rubbing down the grain to produce a smooth result.
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716:, is inexpensive and common at local home centers. It has a characteristic straight, pronounced grain with a red-brown tint. However, its grain pattern is relatively plain and it does not stain well, so fir is commonly used when the finished product will be painted. While commonly used for building, this softwood would also be suitable for furniture-making.
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is an important tool used in woodworking. It is similar to a hand drill, but is a table/floor mounted machine that uses a shaft with a spring loaded handle to lower the drill bit into the wood or material. A hand drill is used by many woodworkers, but a drill press is even more accurate and powerful.
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While many woods can be used for carving, there are some clear favorites, including aspen, basswood, butternut, black walnut, and oak. Because it has almost no grain and is notably soft, Basswood is particularly popular with beginner carvers. It is used in many lower-cost instruments like guitars and
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such as tables and chairs is made using solid stock from hardwoods due to its strength and resistance to warping. Additionally, they also have a greater variety of grain patterns and color and take a finish better which allows the woodworker to exercise a great deal of artistic liberty. Hardwoods can
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Each area of woodworking requires a different variation of tools. Power tools and hand tools are both used for woodworking. Many modern woodworkers choose to use power tools in their trade for the added ease and to save time. However, many woodworkers still choose to use only hand tools for several
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There are many factors to consider when deciding what type of wood to use for a project. One of the most important is the workability of the wood: the way in which it responds when worked by hand or tools, the quality of the grain, and how it responds to adhesives and finishes. When the workability
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Softwood is most commonly found in the regions of the world with lower temperatures and is typically less durable, lighter in weight, and more vulnerable to pests and fungal attacks in comparison to hardwoods. They typically have a paler color and a more open grain than hardwoods, which contributes
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Woodworking was essential to the Romans. It provided, material for buildings, transportation, tools, and household items. Wood also provided pipes, dye, waterproofing materials, and energy for heat.Although most examples of Roman woodworking have been lost, the literary record preserved much of the
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Another important factor is the durability of the wood, especially in regards to moisture. If the finished project will be exposed to moisture (e.g. outdoor projects) or high humidity or condensation (e.g. in kitchens or bathrooms), then the wood needs to be especially durable in order to prevent
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With strength, sturdiness, and durability, maple is a common material for furniture for the bedroom and even china cabinets. Maple is moisture-resistant and frequently displays stand-out swirls in the wood grain, an aesthetically pleasing differentiator from other hardwoods. While most commonly a
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Woodworking, especially furniture making, has many different designs/styles. Throughout its history, woodworking designs and styles have changed. Some of the more common styles are listed below. Traditional furniture styles usually include styles that have been around for long periods of time and
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Popular and easy to work with, cherry is in high demand for its reddish-brown color and ease of staining and finishing. Cherry likely will not be at the local home center, but should be at a lumberyard for a somewhat expensive price. This hardwood is a very common material for furniture, and is
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This hardwood is relatively easy to work with and takes stain well, but its white to light brown color with a straight grain is visually appealing on its own. However, ash is much more difficult to find than other common woods, and will not be found at the local home center. Larger lumber yards
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are strong, aromatic softwoods that are capable of enduring outdoor elements, the most common of which is the western red cedar. Western red cedar can sustain wet environments without succumbing to rot, and as a result is commonly used for outdoor projects such as patios, outdoor furniture, and
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Hardwoods are separated into two categories, temperate and tropical hardwoods, depending on their origin. Temperate hardwoods are found in the regions between the tropics and poles, and are of particular interest to wood workers for their cost-effective aesthetic appeal and sustainable sources.
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can carve complicated and highly detailed shapes into flat stock, to create signs or art. Rechargeable power tools speed up creation of many projects and require much less body strength than in the past, for example when boring multiple holes. Skilled fine woodworking, however, remains a craft
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With two varieties, red and white, oak is known to be easy to work with and relatively strong. However, furniture makers often opt for white oak over red oak for its attractive figure and moisture-resistance. Depending on the kind needed, oak can probably be found at a local home center or a
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Both files and rasps are used to grind down wood material either to make the surface flat, rounded, concaved, or many other shapes. Rasps make deeper cuts while files make smaller and less harsh cuts on the wood. The difference between the two is mainly their teeth size.
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Whether yellow or white birch, these hardwoods are stable and easy to work with. Despite this, birch is prone to blotching when stained, so painting birch products is probably best. Birch is easily found at many home centers and is a relatively inexpensive hardwood.
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A hardwood, mahogany has a trademark reddish-brown to deep-red tint and is known as "one of the great furniture woods". However, mahogany is not typically grown in sustainable forests, and thus runs a steep price at local lumber yards.
728:, ponderosa, and southern yellow pine are common species used in furniture-making. White pine and ponderosa are typically used for indoor projects, while Southern yellow pine is recommended for outdoor projects due to its durability.
413:(éŻçŹç¶“, "Manuscript of Lu Ban"). Despite this, it is believed that the text was written some 1500 years after his death. This book is filled largely with descriptions of dimensions for use in building various items such as
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Historically, woodworkers relied upon the woods native to their region, until transportation and trade innovations made more exotic woods available to the craftsman. Woods are typically sorted into three basic types:
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Hardwood of the
European species Fagus sylvatica is widely used for furniture framing and carcase construction, in plywood, musical instruments (drum shells and piano blocks) and turned items like knobs.
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1290:, also known as a chop saw is a stationary saw used for making precise cuts across the grain path of a board. These cuts can be at any chosen angle that the particular saw is capable of.
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is a small powered sander that uses either a vibration or orbital motion to move a piece of sand paper upon the workpiece making very fine modifications in smoothing your product.
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show that many were used to work wood. The development of civilization was closely tied to the development of increasingly greater degrees of skill in working these materials.
632:, which are coniferous, cone-bearing, and stay green year round. Although a general pattern, softwoods are not necessarily always “softer” than hardwoods, and vice versa.
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is a machine that uses a wide rotating sandpaper drum to sand down a piece of wood as it rolls through the tool. Similar to a planer in how it operates; but instead of
628:
Hardwoods, botanically known as angiosperms, are deciduous and shed their leaves annually with temperature changes. Softwoods come from trees botanically known as
468:) Machines, for example, has made it possible to mass-produce and reproduce products faster, with less waste, and often with more complex design than ever before.
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are tools that are powered by an external energy such as a battery, motor, or a power cable connected to a wall outlet. The more common power tools are:
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is intended to make long precise cuts along the grain pattern of the board known as rip cuts. Most table saws offer the option of a beveled rip cut.
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With the advances in modern technology and the demands of industry, woodwork as a field has changed. The development of
Computer Numeric Controlled (
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Two palm sanders. Left sander is an orbital palm sander. The sander on the right is a mouse sander. Which uses vibration instead of orbital motions.
237:) have been preserved. Tombs represent a large collection of these artifacts and the inner coffins found in the tombs were also made of wood. The
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is used to make both irregularly shaped cuts and cuts through material thicker than a table saw can manage. It is much more robust than the
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Woodworking clamps. Top left two are f-style clamps. On the right is a quick-grip Irwin clamp. In the bottom middle is a spring clamp.
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have shown a mark of wealth and luxury for centuries. More modern furniture styles are commonly used over the past few hundred years.
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is used to produce a flat surface along a board's length and to create a square (or 90°) edge between two adjoining surfaces.
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are classified as tools that receive power only from the hands that are holding them. Edged hand woodworking tools need to be
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be cut more cleanly and leave less residue on sawblades and other woodworking tools. Cabinet/fixture makers employ the use of
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rot. Because of their oily qualities, many tropical hardwoods such as teak and mahogany are popular for such applications.
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building exteriors. This wood can be easily found at most home centers in the US and Canada for a moderate price.
217:. Woodworking is depicted in many extant ancient Egyptian drawings, and a considerable amount of ancient Egyptian
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are tools with a long blade, a cutting edge, and a handle. Used for cutting and shaping wood or other materials.
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while being worked. Clamps vary in all shapes and sizes from small c-clamps to very large bar or strap clamps. A
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1175:, according to Cambridge University, "a saw that is operated by hand rather than using electricity or a motor."
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and the added character to the work, while some choose to use only hand tools simply for their own enjoyment.
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is a retractable or flexible ruler that has measurement increments as small as 1/32" or 1 millimetre.
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can mark 90 and 45-degree fixed angles and any angle between 0 and 90 degrees using its long axis.
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is used to smooth the surface of a board and make it the exact thickness across the entire board.
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409:, chalk-line, and other tools to China. His teachings were supposedly left behind in the book
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of
Fellbach-Schmieden in Germany has provided fine examples of wooden animal statues from the
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Woodworking hand tools used in class at the Women's
Woodshop in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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published by
Institut fĂĽr den Wissenschaftlichen Film. Available in the AV-Portal of the
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The practical woodworker : a comprehensive step-by-step course in working with wood
1071:, which can hammer, pry, and pull nails, is the most common hammer used in woodworking.
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A try square. A common style of square in woodworking usually used for 90 degree angles
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to trees and woody plants, providing a wealth of information on trees and their uses.
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320:, though the composition of these varnishes is unknown. Although different native
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is a vise specialized to the needs of a woodworker; numerous types have evolved.
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1973:"differences American hardwoods and tropical hardwoods | Hardwood Distributors"
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668:, shaping with wood while it contains its natural moisture prior to drying.
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A common hammer, the claw hammer, used in woodworking and other activities
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Wooden house with wooden furniture, spinning wheel, loom and various tools
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2537:. revised and expanded by Alan Peters. New York: Sterling Publishing Co.
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is a tool used to drill a hole or to insert a screw into a workpiece.
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is a form of clamp, temporarily or permanently mounted as required. A
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425:. It mentions almost nothing of the intricate glue-less and nail-less
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resistant to normal wear-and-tear, but it is best for indoor pieces.
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A review of wood machining literature with a special focus on sawing
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Woodworking basics : mastering the essentials of craftsmanship
135:) provide some of the first examples of wooden hunting implements.
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and other man made panel products. Some furniture, such as the
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and animal parts, wood was one of the first materials worked by
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Top two are files. The bottom (orange-handled) tool is a rasp.
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115:
Among early finds of wooden tools are the worked sticks from
2465:"Planer vs Drum Sander - Which Should You Choose? - Rockler"
2300:"Getting an Edge with Waterstones, Oilstones, and Sandpaper"
421:, etc., and also contains extensive instructions concerning
397:
The progenitors of
Chinese woodworking are considered to be
4301:
1831:
Leospo, Enrichetta (2001), "Woodworking in
Ancient Egypt",
796:
lighter color, maple also can take stains and paint well.
340:
resulted in the need for the importation of wood, notably
213:
There is significant evidence of advanced woodworking in
143:, carved wooden vessels are known, for example, from the
19:"Woodwork" redirects here. For the Fred Frith album, see
405:(771 to 476 BC). Lu Ban is said to have introduced the
1946:"A Complete Guide To All The Types Of Furniture Styles"
1216:
987:
4161:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
5121:
4953:
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3284:
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2865:
2689:
2658:
2274:"Top Hardwoods for Carving | Hardwood Distributors"
787:lumberyard for a bit pricier than other hardwoods.
383:, while not a botanist, dedicated six books of his
189:period known from a sanctuary at the source of the
2069:
2610:German National Library of Science and Technology
2440:"A Drill Press Will Make You a Better Woodworker"
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2496:. Mission Hills California: Glencoe Publishing.
2169:"Working with pine, tips and tricks for success"
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
38:Artists can use woodworking to create delicate
2584:History of Woodworking & Ancient Carpentry
4317:
2636:
1400:Older drill press. Floor mounted drill press.
288:. These joints were strengthened using pegs,
8:
2063:
2061:
2059:
1869:
1867:
1119:is used to mark angles on any workpiece. An
680:Warehouse of timber at a cardboard factory.
2415:"Difference Between Band Saw Vs Scroll Saw"
1095:is used to surface aspects of a workpiece.
4324:
4310:
4302:
3818:
3347:
2871:
2643:
2629:
2621:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
1306:Electric plug-in tablesaw for woodworking.
981:. A more novel method involves the use of
324:were used, as was the wood from the local
2145:"Types of Wood for Woodworking – dummies"
985:. The more common modern hand tools are:
260:Commonly used woodworking tools included
4151:Building and Wood Workers' International
1728:, a system of handicraft-based education
484:
308:. Ancient Egyptians invented the art of
1799:
2518:. Newton, Connecticut: Taunton Press.
2034:. Freeman, John. Wigston: Southwater.
1384:, also regularly used in woodworking.
617:trees, and man-made materials such as
284:joints are attested from the earliest
401:(éŻçŹ) and his wife Lady Yun, from the
245:for woodworking tools was originally
7:
4286:
486:Common woodworking/furniture styles
379:to timber, preserving many details.
5249:
4276:
4136:American Association of Woodturners
1344:Powermatic jointer for woodworking.
732:Common hardwoods used for furniture
672:Common softwoods used for furniture
373:dedicates an entire chapter of his
139:tools were used for carving. Since
16:Process of making objects from wood
2221:"The Best Woods for DIY Furniture"
2175:. Meredith Corporation. March 2003
1809:Egyptian Woodworking and Furniture
813:Woods with good working properties
491:Traditional & timeless styles
49:is the skill of making items from
14:
4598:Global Forest Information Service
4166:National Wood Carvers Association
2298:Kolle, Jefferson (January 2000).
5354:
5345:
5344:
5332:
5318:
5304:
5290:
5276:
5262:
5248:
4285:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4141:Architectural Woodwork Institute
2535:Encyclopedia of Furniture Making
2469:Rockler Woodworking and Hardware
2312:. pp. 56–61. Archived from
5355:
821:Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum
4146:British Woodworking Federation
2076:. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press.
1234:Cordless electric power drill.
257:was unknown until much later.
249:and eventually, after 2000 BC
1:
4156:Caricature Carvers of America
2516:Tage Frid Teaches Woodworking
1641:Glossary of woodworking terms
1040:Five woodworking wood chisels
800:Factors in choosing materials
2278:www.hardwooddistributors.org
1977:www.hardwooddistributors.org
1282:Electric compound miter saw.
304:came to be used only in the
209:Ancient Egyptian woodworking
2389:Kelsey, John (2004-10-28).
1445:List of furniture designers
1087:Two woodworking hand planes
5417:
4709:Growth and yield modelling
2561:French Academy of Sciences
2494:Cabinetmaking and Millwork
2358:"top 40 woodworking tools"
2030:Stephen., Corbett (2012).
1442:
165:from northern Germany and
18:
5283:Earth sciences portal
5269:Climate change portal
5244:
4850:Great Green Wall (Africa)
4339:
4261:
4171:Society of Wood Engravers
3350:
1878:. Yale University Press.
1874:Ulrich, Roger B. (2008).
1807:Killen, Geoffrey (1994).
1123:also includes a ruler. A
742:should have it in stock.
150:at KĂĽckhofen and Eythra.
5401:Wood-related terminology
4855:Great Green Wall (China)
4428:Close to nature forestry
2606:Videos about woodworking
2492:Feirer, John L. (1988).
973:which is done using the
848:Triplochiton scleroxylon
494:Modern furniture styles
403:Spring and Autumn period
369:contemporary knowledge.
4889:Million Tree Initiative
1661:History of wood carving
1656:History of construction
1646:Green building and wood
5311:Environment portal
4743:Sustainable management
4638:Trillion Tree Campaign
4248:Frameless construction
3329:Wood-plastic composite
2602:peoples in Madagascar.
2533:Joyce, Edward (1987).
1833:The Art of Woodworking
1811:. Shire Publications.
1497:Alexander Grabovetskiy
1397:
1365:
1341:
1303:
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935:Woods used for carving
688:
648:
461:
210:
145:Linear Pottery culture
43:
31:
5236:Wood process engineer
4940:Urban forest inequity
2557:The Art of the Joiner
2106:"Lumber Buying Guide"
1782:Woodworking workbench
1477:Frank E. Cummings III
1427:, a drum sander uses
1396:
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208:
157:wood-carving include
37:
29:
5391:Industrial processes
4899:Shifting cultivation
4840:Forest fragmentation
4810:Carbon sequestration
4680:Woodland Carbon Code
4645:Forest certification
4553:Even-aged management
4468:Sustainable forestry
4176:Timber Framers Guild
3030:Australian Blackwood
2580:. BioRes, April 2013
2376:Cambridge Dictionary
2242:"Woodworking Basics"
2068:Korn, Peter (2003).
900:Eucalyptus marginata
591:Tonewood: Properties
356:, starting from the
4704:Formally designated
4548:Ecological thinning
4458:Plantation forestry
4366:Research institutes
3896:Hammer-headed tenon
3415:Janka hardness test
2391:"Files & Rasps"
2195:"The Wood Database"
1522:Thomas J. MacDonald
1439:Notable woodworkers
1271:Compound miter saw
1219:
1012:are used to hold a
990:
487:
123:and Lehringen. The
5297:Ecology portal
4830:Forest degradation
4825:Ecosystem services
4433:Community forestry
2757:Japanese carpentry
2553:Roubo, André Jacob
1777:Woodworking safety
1671:Japanese carpentry
1597:Charles H. Hayward
1562:Matthias Pliessnig
1542:Judy Kensley McKie
1398:
1366:
1342:
1304:
1288:compound miter saw
1280:
1256:
1232:
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1189:
1180:Files & Rasps
1167:Three old handsaws
1165:
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1085:
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1038:
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988:
874:Very durable woods
689:
649:
601:typified by tight
485:
477:Styles and designs
462:
306:New Kingdom period
286:Predynastic period
211:
99:Microwear analysis
44:
32:
5368:
5367:
5325:Plants portal
5111:green woodworking
4299:
4298:
4253:Green woodworking
4110:Wood preservation
4038:
4037:
3941:Tongue and groove
3921:Mortise and tenon
3810:
3809:
3508:Warrington hammer
3337:
3336:
3025:African Blackwood
2817:Segmented turning
2616:Woodwork Magazine
2419:Woodworking Arena
1950:Bassett Furniture
1876:Roman Woodworking
1861:Leospo, pp. 17–19
1852:Leospo, pp. 20–21
1721:Segmented turning
1651:Green woodworking
1567:André Jacob Roubo
1435:
1434:
1401:
1380:or more delicate
1369:
1368:Plug-in band saw.
1345:
1319:Thickness planer
1307:
1283:
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1200:
1199:
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1121:adjustable square
1112:
1088:
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1006:
666:green woodworking
605:and derived from
578:
577:
511:American Colonial
431:Chinese furniture
282:Mortise and tenon
221:(such as stools,
5408:
5358:
5357:
5348:
5347:
5339:Trees portal
5337:
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4973:Forest gardening
4930:Timber recycling
4877:Invasive species
4765:Tree measurement
4326:
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4303:
4289:
4288:
4279:
4278:
4269:
4268:
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3488:Thickness planer
3348:
3142:(lime, basswood)
2872:
2732:Chainsaw carving
2645:
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2574:Naylor, Andrew.
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2316:on June 21, 2010
2308:. No. 140.
2305:Fine Woodworking
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1979:. Archived from
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1737:Studio furniture
1711:Reclaimed lumber
1582:Henry O. Studley
1577:Rosanne Somerson
1547:George Nakashima
1487:Wharton Esherick
1482:Henning Engelsen
1399:
1367:
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1326:thickness planer
1305:
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1022:woodworking vise
1004:
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979:sharpening stone
949:reasons such as
712:, also known as
587:Wood: Properties
488:
470:CNC wood routers
21:Woodwork (album)
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5094:spruce-pine-fir
5067:Christmas trees
4949:
4865:Illegal logging
4797:
4791:
4506:Controlled burn
4491:
4482:
4463:Social forestry
4443:Energy forestry
4423:Bamboo forestry
4418:Analog forestry
4392:
4335:
4330:
4300:
4295:
4257:
4243:Frame and panel
4231:
4180:
4124:
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3993:Surface piecing
3988:
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3866:Crown of thorns
3806:
3792:Smoothing plane
3698:
3585:
3527:
3430:Milling machine
3333:
3294:Cross-laminated
3280:
2951:
2861:
2832:Spindle turning
2822:Shingle weaving
2792:Pallet crafting
2685:
2654:
2649:
2592:
2571:
2569:Further reading
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1995:
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1944:
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1931:Natural History
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1923:
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1912:De architectura
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1572:Evert Sodergren
1502:Greta Hopkinson
1472:George Collings
1447:
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1209:
1203:
1202:
964:
946:
937:
891:Milicia excelsa
882:Tectona grandis
876:
863:Western cedar (
839:Tilia americana
830:Alnus glutinosa
815:
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784:
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766:
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748:
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708:Within the USA
706:
694:
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607:broadleaf trees
583:
479:
439:
433:was so famous.
395:
386:Natural History
376:De architectura
366:
203:
141:Neolithic times
83:
53:, and includes
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5226:Timber cruiser
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5221:Shingle weaver
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5057:Rail transport
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4968:Forest farming
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4478:Urban forestry
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3787:Shoulder plane
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3762:Moulding plane
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2360:. 2013-04-13.
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201:Ancient Egypt
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28:
22:
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5316:
5302:
5288:
5274:
5260:
5253:
5231:Tree planter
5211:Resin tapper
5191:Truck driver
5186:River driver
5105:
4935:Tree hugging
4920:
4903:
4870:timber mafia
4860:High grading
4845:Ghost forest
4815:Clearcutting
4738:Silviculture
4714:Horticulture
4558:Fire ecology
4473:Urban forest
4448:Mycoforestry
4408:
4404:Agroforestry
4385:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4357:
4352:Forest areas
4350:
4343:
4060:Heat bending
4005:Edge banding
3777:Router plane
3772:Rebate plane
3732:Finger plane
3463:
3167:
3161:
3141:
3135:Lignum vitae
2893:
2887:
2852:Wood carving
2827:Shipbuilding
2812:Root carving
2772:Log building
2737:Chip carving
2651:
2576:
2556:
2534:
2515:
2493:
2472:. Retrieved
2468:
2459:
2448:. Retrieved
2446:. 2010-10-28
2443:
2434:
2423:. Retrieved
2421:. 2020-05-10
2418:
2409:
2398:. Retrieved
2394:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2318:. Retrieved
2314:the original
2303:
2293:
2282:. Retrieved
2280:. 2015-05-19
2277:
2245:. Retrieved
2236:
2225:. Retrieved
2223:. 2015-06-10
2199:. Retrieved
2197:. 2009-01-03
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2172:
2163:
2152:. Retrieved
2148:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:
2100:
2071:
2031:
1985:. Retrieved
1981:the original
1976:
1953:. Retrieved
1949:
1940:
1930:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1875:
1857:
1848:
1841:Museo Egizio
1832:
1827:
1808:
1802:
1757:Wood carving
1732:Stave church
1507:James Krenov
1414:Drum sander
1389:Drill press
1247:Palm sander
1218:Power tools
1210:
1201:
1149:tape measure
1143:Tape measure
1125:speed square
1052:Claw hammer
965:
947:
938:
925:
916:
907:
898:
889:
880:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
819:
807:
803:
794:
785:
776:
767:
758:
749:
740:
723:
707:
695:
650:
638:
634:
627:
595:
584:
573:Contemporary
522:Traditional
480:
463:
448:woodworkers
410:
396:
385:
374:
367:
364:Ancient Rome
259:
255:iron working
241:used by the
212:
161:worked into
153:Examples of
152:
114:
110:Neanderthals
108:used by the
95:early humans
84:
63:wood carving
46:
45:
5381:Woodworking
5255:WikiProject
5179:smokejumper
5159:Firefighter
5122:Occupations
5106:Woodworking
4687:Forestation
4618:restoration
4573:informatics
4438:Ecoforestry
4281:WikiProject
4227:Rift sawing
4217:Flat sawing
4105:Wood drying
3782:Scrub plane
3767:Razee plane
3717:Block plane
3571:Mitre clamp
3518:Wood scribe
3469:Combination
3211:Purpleheart
2907:Douglas fir
2857:Woodturning
2690:Occupations
2652:Woodworking
1772:Woodturning
1557:Alan Peters
1552:Jere Osgood
1452:Alvar Aalto
1406:drill press
1264:palm sander
1212:Power tools
1207:Power tools
1076:Hand plane
1069:claw hammer
989:Hand tools
714:Douglas fir
630:gymnosperms
415:flower pots
411:Lu Ban Jing
346:Aleppo pine
344:, but also
338:Nile valley
302:Animal glue
169:and wooden
159:tree trunks
106:stone tools
85:Along with
75:woodturning
47:Woodworking
5396:Scoutcraft
5375:Categories
5201:Lumberjack
5196:Log scaler
5079:engineered
5030:non-timber
5003:sawmilling
4955:Industries
4922:svedjebruk
4633:transition
4613:protection
4603:old-growth
4588:governance
4543:Dendrology
4493:management
4359:Ministries
4236:Techniques
4185:Conversion
4115:Wood stain
4043:Treatments
3831:Birdsmouth
3797:Spokeshave
3747:Jack plane
3737:Fore plane
3576:Pipe clamp
3541:Band clamp
3465:Carpenters
3286:Engineered
3236:Rubberwood
3085:Eucalyptus
2889:Calocedrus
2802:Pyrography
2767:Kohlrosing
2600:Zafimaniry
2598:about the
2512:Frid, Tage
2486:References
2474:2023-05-02
2450:2023-05-01
2425:2020-07-05
2400:2023-05-02
2320:2017-10-31
2284:2018-04-16
2227:2018-04-16
2201:2022-06-22
2154:2018-04-16
2115:2018-04-16
2083:156158620X
1987:2018-04-16
1955:2023-04-26
1914:. 1:2.9.1.
1818:0747802394
1794:References
1767:Wood Inlay
1742:Tack cloth
1696:Marionette
1532:Sam Maloof
1467:John Boson
1462:Bae Se-hwa
1457:Norm Abram
1443:See also:
1382:scroll saw
1295:Table saw
1093:hand plane
967:Hand tools
962:Hand tools
955:experience
906:Chestnut (
836:Basswood (
651:Typically
615:coniferous
564:Minimalism
454:Mashrabiya
437:Modern day
429:for which
417:, tables,
300:lashings.
278:bow drills
155:Bronze Age
129:Schöningen
103:Mousterian
40:sculptures
5149:Ecologist
5062:Tree farm
4963:Coppicing
4905:chitemene
4805:Acid rain
4753:allometry
4675:SmartWood
4623:secondary
4608:pathology
4583:inventory
4521:driftwood
4387:Arbor Day
4025:Parquetry
4020:Oystering
4015:Marquetry
3856:Butterfly
3523:Workbench
3455:Sandpaper
3435:Mitre box
3380:Drawknife
3370:Burnisher
3355:Abrasives
3304:Hardboard
2965:Afromosia
2847:Whittling
2797:Parquetry
2782:Marquetry
2727:Certosina
2722:Carpentry
2712:Cabinetry
2659:Overviews
2559:. Paris:
2372:"handsaw"
2050:801605649
1908:Vitruvius
1894:192003268
1762:Wood glue
1701:Marquetry
1626:Carpentry
1492:Tage Frid
1429:sandpaper
1357:Band saw
1312:table saw
1014:workpiece
983:sandpaper
971:sharpened
951:tradition
653:furniture
611:softwoods
599:hardwoods
585:See also
581:Materials
537:Sheraton
518:Victorian
499:Jacobean
452:wood for
446:Damascene
423:Feng Shui
371:Vitruvius
318:finishing
314:varnishes
312:and used
310:veneering
274:pull saws
243:Egyptians
219:furniture
185:from the
181:. Wooden
71:carpentry
59:furniture
55:cabinetry
5350:Category
5164:handcrew
5134:Arborist
5129:Forester
5089:mahogany
5035:palm oil
5025:charcoal
5010:Products
4945:Wildfire
4758:breeding
4719:GM trees
4568:dynamics
4380:Journals
4373:Colleges
4333:Forestry
4271:Category
4050:Adhesive
4030:Purfling
4010:Intarsia
3951:Profiles
3876:Dovetail
3815:Geometry
3654:Hand saw
3639:Crosscut
3624:Circular
3619:Chainsaw
3566:Holdfast
3231:Rosewood
3163:American
3158:Mahogany
3130:Jelutong
3100:Hornbeam
3065:Cocobolo
3060:Chestnut
2975:Andiroba
2787:Millwork
2752:Intarsia
2747:Fretwork
2742:Ébéniste
2671:Glossary
2514:(1979).
2247:23 March
2092:51810586
1928:(1938).
1787:Yakisugi
1691:Millwork
1676:Lath art
1666:Intarsia
1631:Ébéniste
1609:See also
1374:band saw
1333:Jointer
1156:Handsaw
1029:Chisels
909:Castanea
897:Jarrah (
773:Mahogany
682:Buryatia
664:involve
532:Vintage
528:Art Deco
502:Antique
330:tamarisk
326:sycamore
179:Iron Age
61:making,
5360:Outline
5174:lookout
5169:hotshot
5050:tanbark
5020:biomass
5015:biochar
4993:plywood
4978:Logging
4882:wilding
4531:log jam
4488:Ecology
4291:Commons
4207:Whipsaw
4202:Sawmill
4095:Varnish
4090:Thermal
4065:Lacquer
4000:Binding
3969:Chamfer
3836:Biscuit
3802:Surform
3694:Whipsaw
3664:Keyhole
3649:Fretsaw
3629:Compass
3614:Bucksaw
3604:Bandsaw
3599:Backsaw
3581:Sawbuck
3551:F-clamp
3546:C-clamp
3420:Jointer
3324:Plywood
3276:Zebrano
3216:Ovankol
3181:Meranti
3169:African
3140:Linden
3095:Hickory
3050:Cedrela
3045:Camphor
3040:Bubinga
3035:Boxwood
3015:Bilinga
3000:Avodire
2917:Juniper
2902:Cypress
2777:Luthier
2666:History
2179:29 June
2149:dummies
1843:, p. 20
1752:Turning
1716:Saw pit
1686:Luthier
1419:A drum
1350:jointer
1173:handsaw
1100:Square
1045:Chisels
994:Clamps
924:Cedar (
918:Quercus
845:Obeah (
827:Alder (
658:plywood
619:plywood
556:Modern
540:Rustic
458:hookahs
450:turning
427:joinery
350:boxwood
336:in the
332:trees,
322:acacias
294:leather
270:chisels
187:La Tène
167:Denmark
163:coffins
133:Germany
101:of the
81:History
67:joinery
5386:Crafts
5206:Ranger
5154:Feller
5139:Bucker
5045:rubber
4988:lumber
4798:topics
4785:volume
4780:height
4726:i-Tree
4563:Forest
4516:coarse
4511:Debris
4410:dehesa
4197:Hewing
3936:Splice
3891:Halved
3886:Groove
3881:Finger
3861:Coping
3846:Bridle
3823:Joints
3704:Planes
3689:Veneer
3679:Scroll
3674:Ripsaw
3659:Jigsaw
3634:Coping
3533:Clamps
3460:Square
3450:Shaper
3445:Router
3425:Mallet
3400:Gimlet
3375:Chisel
3271:Willow
3261:Walnut
3251:Totara
3241:Sapele
3206:Poplar
3191:Padauk
3153:Merbau
3125:Jarrah
3110:Imbuia
3105:Idigbo
3070:Cumaru
3055:Cherry
2980:Anigre
2942:Spruce
2895:Cedrus
2762:Khatam
2717:Caning
2680:lumber
2541:
2522:
2500:
2090:
2080:
2048:
2038:
1892:
1882:
1815:
1425:blades
1421:sander
1378:jigsaw
1223:Drill
1117:square
1010:Clamps
953:, the
888:Iron (
879:Teak (
854:Pine (
818:Agba (
764:Cherry
724:White
697:Cedars
686:Russia
507:Dutch
419:altars
399:Lu Ban
290:dowels
276:, and
251:bronze
247:copper
235:chests
227:tables
223:chairs
195:France
173:. The
125:spears
73:, and
5040:rayon
4775:girth
4770:crown
4731:urban
4628:stand
4536:slash
4526:large
4397:Types
4345:Index
4075:Paint
3984:Ovolo
3979:Ogive
3964:Bevel
3931:Scarf
3916:Miter
3684:Table
3669:Miter
3644:Frame
3561:Gripe
3477:Speed
3473:Miter
3405:Gauge
3395:Float
3390:Fence
3385:Drill
3343:Tools
3266:Wenge
3256:Utile
3221:Ramin
3176:Maple
3148:Lovoa
3120:Iroko
3090:Hazel
3075:Ebony
3020:Birch
3010:Beech
3005:Balsa
2995:Aspen
2990:Apple
2970:Alder
2927:Kauri
2922:Larch
2884:Cedar
2867:Woods
2842:Treen
2596:Video
1926:Pliny
1837:Turin
1726:Sloyd
1681:Ligna
1240:drill
944:Tools
927:Thuja
915:Oak (
857:Pinus
791:Maple
755:Birch
746:Beech
692:Cedar
613:from
603:grain
548:Retro
407:plane
381:Pliny
342:cedar
266:adzes
239:metal
191:Seine
183:idols
148:wells
137:Flint
127:from
87:stone
5099:teak
5084:fuel
5074:Wood
4894:REDD
4748:Tree
4665:PEFC
4650:ATFS
3974:Ogee
3959:Bead
3901:Knee
3871:Dado
3851:Butt
3591:Saws
3503:Vise
3440:Rasp
3365:Adze
3246:Teak
3201:Plum
3196:Pear
2957:Hard
2937:Rimu
2932:Pine
2876:Soft
2676:Wood
2539:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2498:ISBN
2249:2015
2181:2020
2088:OCLC
2078:ISBN
2046:OCLC
2036:ISBN
1890:OCLC
1880:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1238:The
1115:The
1067:The
1018:vise
977:and
726:pine
720:Pine
621:and
589:and
456:and
352:and
328:and
316:for
298:cord
292:and
262:axes
231:beds
175:site
91:clay
51:wood
4670:SFI
4660:FSC
4655:CFS
4593:law
4578:IPM
4490:and
4100:Wax
4070:Oil
3906:Lap
3841:Box
3609:Bow
3481:Try
3360:Axe
3314:OSB
3309:MDF
3186:Oak
3115:IpĂŞ
3080:Elm
2985:Ash
2947:Yew
2912:Fir
782:Oak
737:Ash
710:fir
704:Fir
623:MDF
466:CNC
354:oak
296:or
253:as
193:in
5377::
3479:,
3475:,
3471:,
3467:,
3166:,
2892:,
2467:.
2442:.
2417:.
2393:.
2374:.
2329:^
2302:.
2276:.
2257:^
2210:^
2171:.
2147:.
2124:^
2108:.
2086:.
2058:^
2044:.
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