623:
22:
389:
472:
history isn't anything more than that: a constant strive towards the highest ideals of the soul. We don't bow down to low, minor or insignificant things. We serve nothing but the highest and greatest. Therefore, in saying "Up with Spain", we summarise our history and, at the same time, illustrate our hope. Because what we want is for Spain to return to its "rightful place", to the place it has been assigned by history. And that place is "up", meaning up above, close to the spirit, to the ideal, to faith...and above all, close to God."
455:
750:(Less Franco and more white bread). This can be interpreted as a response both to the chants of 'Franco, Franco' as well as a criticism of Francoist slogans like "No house without a fireplace nor a Spaniard without bread", a motto which was printed on the packages of bread which were used to 'bombard' the Republican rearguard in the final stages of the Civil War in order to showcase the superiority and alleged benevolence of the rebel faction, as well as the hunger which prevailed in the Republican zones.
1042:
qve es decir, vniversal, apostolica, es decir escogida, romana es decir, vna. Vna también la cvltvra, estado libre de solidaridad en el espacio y continvidad en el tiempo qve todo lo qve no es tradicion es plagio. Peca la natvraleza, son enfermizos ocio y soledad qve cada cval cvltive lo qve de angelico le agracia, en amistad y dialogo.
554:, formed by volunteers and incorporated into the German army. These volunteers were believed not to affect or compromise Spain's official position of neutrality (although Franco favoured the Axis powers). Eventually, pressure from the Western powers forces Franco's government to withdraw the division.
168:, not only were Francoism's mottos and symbols abandoned, but there was also a decline in the use of national symbols in general. Even referring to 'Spain' was frequently substituted by other terms (such as 'this country', though this term was already used in the Romantic period by the Spanish author
404:
Throughout history, ideas and concepts have often been incorporated into and expressed as tripartite mottos. It is believed that this occurrence originated with Indo-European populations, who worshipped three gods as one. The social classes of these populations were also split into three categories,
471:
Spain's ultimate triumph lies in security and faith. In this way, security and faith will mean a Spain that's one, great and free, one which will triumph in the way we have always hoped for. This will allow Spain return to the way it once was, to return to its path and to its roots. Because Spain's
428:
In addition to mottos, examples of other tripartite classifications are the
Falange's categories of "natural units of political life" ("Family, town council, trade union"). Furthermore, in the philosophy of absolute idealism, the dialectical method of Hegelian theory (thesis, antithesis, synthesis)
1041:
Todo pasa, vna sola cosa te sera contada y es tv obra bien hecha. Noble es el qve se exige y hombre, tan solo, qvien cada dia renveva su entvsiasmo, sabio, al descvbrir el orden del mvndo, que inclvye la ironia. Padre es el responsable, y patricia mision de servicio la politica. Debe ser catolica,
466:
The decision to use 'up' instead of 'long live' was justified on the basis that the term 'live' was insufficient. The word 'up' conveys the idea of
Spanish patriots standing at attention, asserting their active willingness to improve Spain. It also resonated with the providential belief that all
401:
comparisons must be viewed in the context of
National Catholicism, an essential aspect to the Francoist ideology. Although National Catholicism was not a key component of Falangist ideology (and was sometimes even opposed by the Falangists), it was used by the Falange as a rhetorical device.
400:
in clear reference to religious symbolism (the Holy
Trinity: the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit). This implicitly compares Spain to the defining characteristics of the Roman Catholic Church; "Catholic" (meaning universal), "Apostolic" (meaning chosen) and "Roman" (meaning united). These
429:
is also composed of three parts. On some occasions, these three-part classifications have been linked to a "western" or "patriarchal" way of viewing the world, which contrasts with the two-part "eastern" or "matriarchal" point of view (yin and yang).
101:
in its popular movements. Falangist ideology was easily incorporated in the creation of mottos as it is believed to demonstrate a certain reluctance towards political agendas, and to favour empiricism, taking action, and the simplification of ideas.
657:, none of whom ended up facing Spain's military. After the defeat of Germany, international pressure on the Francoist regime caused the country to become isolated; this point was employed periodically in efforts to sway public opinion within Spain.
128:
itself. This is a result of the extended period of time the regime stayed in power in the absence of any public resistance, despite clandestine opposition. Those within the regime did not all blindly support such simplifications as demonstrated in
630:, known in Spanish as the 'iron-wrought gate of Gibraltar', was closed by the Francoist regime to exert pressure on the British Government in the hope that negotiations regarding the territory would begin. It was not reopened until the 1980s by
351:, Millán Astray traversed the nationalist-controlled areas, particularly the provinces of Castille and Navarra, serving Franco's personal cause and convincing the troops and officers of Franco's indisputable claim as the leader of Spain.
732:
As discussed in an opinion piece by Anton Reixa, During Franco's dictatorship there were those who responded to the above
Francoist mottos with parodies such as 'There's only one Spain (because if there were another, we'd all be there.)'
746:(2007), which focuses on a group of girls awaiting a death sentence in the Ventas Prison in Madrid in 1939. Coincidentally, one of the reasons for their imprisonment is the distribution of propaganda containing a motto opposing Franco:
147:
expressing traditional and orthodox beliefs. These beliefs had to be adopted, as assuming a traditional stance and showcasing 'unwavering support' towards Franco was the only way to maintain any semblance of power, as highlighted by
660:
Protests, most of which were unplanned, occurred as a result of the country's anti-British sentiments, with those in attendance chanting "Spanish
Gibraltar!" Notable protests are those which occurred in 1955 in reaction to
688:
when they fled the city during the 18th century. The townspeople of San Roque feared that the painting wouldn't be returned; however, their worries were eventually overcome, and the painting was taken to the exhibition.
549:
communist Russia for the
Spanish Civil War, and encourages the support of Hitler's Nazi Germany in their fight against them. The quote was printed in newspapers and employed by the anti-Soviet movement which created the
262:; "for the Homeland, for Bread and for Justice" and was also behind the adoption of the Yoke and the Arrows as symbol of the JONS as well as the red-black flag), and was later adopted by
807:
Historians have discussed which of the
Falange's qualities were most characteristic of the ideology. Stanley Payne maintains it's their vague and confusing ideas, (PAYNE, Stanley (1965)
339:
is another tripartite motto which was used extensively between 1936 and the beginning of 1940. The motto was spread by the Franco's confidant, founder of the
Spanish Legion,
584:" (who were evacuated from the Republican zone and, unlike those who were sent to France or other Western countries, were not allowed to return to Spain). The documentary "
379:
and Franco was named as the head of state, it became compulsory for all newspapers and postcards in the
Nationalist-controlled zones to include this motto in their header.
518:
after the region was taken over by Franco's army in the final stage of the Civil War (Barcelona was taken on 26 January 1939), and were also used in the postwar period.
817:
581:
568:
Cliches surrounding Russia often had some truth to them, making the country an easy target that people could blame for their misfortunes. These cliches include "
160:
my loyalty to and his work is undoubtedly sincere and completely transparent; it is unconstrained by limitations, nor is it affected by doubts or reservations
117:(1936–1939) in mobilising public opinion and persuading the population to conform to nationalist ideas. Mottos were also often used as political chants during
645:
in 1713 lead to a continuous demand for the territory to be reinstated as a part of Spain. However, the level of this demand varied throughout the years. The
230:
and 'not subject to foreign influences', referring to the international Judeo-Masonic-Communist conspiracy which the Nationalists believed controlled the
41:. It consists of the traditional Spanish escutcheon (the arms of Castile, León, Aragon, Navarre and Granada), as well as other heraldic icons such as the
558:
Russia is guilty! Guilty for our civil war. Guilty for the death of José Antonio. History demands that Russia be exterminated, as does Europe's future...
1154:
124:
As well as achieving military victory, the Rebel, or Nationalist, faction successfully used propaganda to link the term "national" with the concept of
1064:
1355:
267:
676:, the municipality closest to Gibraltar, avidly opposed sending a painting of the Nazarene, which was going to accompany other images (such as the
306:
In his farewell message to the Spanish people upon his death in 1975, Franco referred to "the great task of making Spain united, great and free."
173:
110:
1086:
580:
gold reserves during the civil war as payment for Soviet military assistance, which Franco's government demanded be returned to Spain) and the "
227:'imperial', referring to the part of the Spanish empire established in the Americas, as well as the one that was intended to be built in Africa;
649:
allowed Franco to take advantage of the strategic possibilities brought about by the British colony, using it in his both in negotiations with
1238:
1284:
684:) from the town to be displayed at the exhibition. These images were originally worshipped in Gibraltar, and were taken to San Roque by the
392:
The Monument of Eugenio D'Ors in Madrid includes descriptions of parts of his work, many of which are references points of Francoist mottos.
491:
1259:
506:
1375:
1360:
863:
811:. París: Ruedo Ibérico), while S. Ellwood believes Nationalism, Imperialism and Irrationalism to characterise their ideas, as stated in
1385:
105:
Although these mottos originated from the activity of different right-wing intellectuals and nationalist political parties during the
976:
955:
622:
669:
496:
The motto 'Speak the language of the empire' was also employed, as instructed by a poster once displayed in the courtyard of the
246:), as well as a large number of threats to the regime which were deemed anti-Spanish, communist, separatist, liberal (see also:
263:
165:
1212:
Cited in Alberto Piris: "La Operación Barbarroja, hoy hace 60 años" Archived on 17 November 2007, on the Wayback Machine., on
1370:
1001:
930:
821:
922:
596:
1380:
1350:
1345:
627:
375:
890:
298:¡Arriba España!, ¡Arriba! José Antonio, ¡Presente!, Caídos por Dios y por España, ¡Presente!. ¡Viva Franco!, ¡Viva!
1365:
899:
530:
21:
843:
388:
340:
169:
1017:
1158:
947:
573:
497:
106:
1060:
779:
713:
701:
654:
134:
82:
454:
26:
1265:
1038:
in the Prado Museum, in front of the Edificio de los Sindicatos Verticales, now the Ministry of Health:
600:
1297:
1090:
1180:
759:
740:
louder than the others, emphasizing the word "Free". This form of protest is illustrated in the film
542:
247:
94:
86:
58:
54:
769:
673:
569:
205:
149:
98:
50:
42:
31:
736:
People also opposed the regime in more subtle ways such as by chanting the last part of the motto
1340:
608:
501:
434:
140:
631:
611:", used to describe a government's attempts at generating public approval through distraction.)
850:(Premio Nacional de Ensayo 2002), conferences on this subject held at the Fundación Juan March.
1305:
1188:
1112:
997:
972:
951:
926:
764:
114:
46:
867:
1249:
Planeta De Agostini: "Los Años del NODO" Archived on 10 October 2007 on the Wayback Machine.
914:
789:
642:
515:
397:
221:
195:
191:
1335:
888:
Quiroga, Alejandro (2015). "Spanish Fury: Football and National Identities under Franco".
774:
721:
603:. Spain's use of football as an outlet of social tensions is reflected in the expression "
599:, in which Spain's match against the Soviet Union was won by the legendary goal scored by
347:. In the first few months of the Spanish Civil War, when Franco was still a member of the
118:
78:
1262:
458:
Medal commemorating the Nationalist victory of the Civil War, imprinted with the slogan
109:, their use became widespread and proved to be an effective propaganda tool used by the
1273:(broken link, page available on the Internet Archive; see history and latest version).
243:
1329:
717:
685:
577:
551:
546:
239:
1150:
989:
742:
662:
650:
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589:
538:
359:
293:
231:
1281:
784:
514:
These mottos were used above all in Catalonia in order to discourage the use of
311:
697:
693:
217:
198:
90:
37:
1309:
1192:
709:
638:
504:, who wrote in 1492 that "Language was always a companion of the empire" in
276:
was often used at the end of speeches; The leader would exclaim three times
235:
864:"ARTEHISTORIA - Historia de España - Ficha Los Gobiernos de Carrero Blanco"
125:
413:" (liberty, equality, fraternity), created during the French Revolution; "
705:
280:, and the public would successively respond to each of these shouts with
74:
18:
Short phrases stating the ideals of the rule of Spain by Francisco Franco
534:
422:
944:
Tradición y modernidad.: Dos décadas de música en salamanca, 1940-1960
668:
An official exhibition entitled "Spanish Gibraltar" was put on at the
417:" (God, Motherland and Freedom), used in the Dominican Republic; and "
595:
The chance for Spain to take their symbolic revenge arose during the
296:. The theatre would continue with an almost choreographed script of
621:
387:
365:(one people, one empire, one leader) in order to create the motto
209:
201:
70:
511:
the first work dedicated to the Spanish language and its rules.
289:
172:), while there was an increase in the use of terms relating to
813:
Prietas las filas. Historia de la Falange Española, 1933-1985.
292:
is used in church, as well as to the chant of "Sieg Heil!" in
1227:
Breve historia de los niños de la Guerra de España en Rusia,
335:
was the most widespread motto under Franco's dictatorship,
1261:; Information regarding the opposition of the townspeople
1266:
194:: One, Great and Free or United, Great and Free) was the
1022:
Falange en la guerra de España: la unificación y Hedilla
405:
in a similar way to those of medieval societies and the
309:
The slogan was incorporated into the Falangist anthem,
258:
student Juan Aparicio López (he also created the motto
81:. Although the regime had many ideological influences (
1155:""La literatura hoy ha desaparecido por la política""
396:
Many Francoist slogans were purposely designed to be
216:'indivisible', expressing opposition to any kind of
607:" ("Bread and football", adapted from the phrase "
848:Mater Dolorosa. La idea de España en el siglo XIX
440:refers to the postwar period as the "time of the
425:, a traditionalist, right-wing Spanish ideology.
556:
469:
1229:online library of Moscow's Cervantes Institute
421:" (God, Motherland, King) which dates back to
8:
724:) having streets named "Spanish Gibraltar."
152:when referring to Franco and everything the
1138:La historia de España contada con sencillez
318:¡España una! ¡España grande! ¡España libre!
320:(Spain, one ! Spain, great! Spain, free!)
969:La dialéctica de los puños y las pistolas
482:
453:
45:. It includes elements adopted from the
20:
1087:"El 'Sistema' Hegeliano - Wikilearning"
800:
672:in 1955. Surprisingly, those living in
327:(one fatherland, one state, one leader)
1067:from the original on 11 September 2007
500:. This motto was possibly inspired by
653:as well as his negotiations with the
529:This slogan is taken from the speech
7:
1225:Inmaculada Colomina Limonero (2005)
910:
908:
858:
856:
533:made on 23 June 1941, the day after
492:Language policies of Francoist Spain
384:Significance of the tripartite motto
288:. The effect was similar to the way
1113:"Letra de Temps Era Temps - Serrat"
1089:. 17 September 2007. Archived from
996:. Plaza&Janes. pp. 81–83.
967:Rodríguez Labandeira, Jose (2017).
866:. 17 September 2007. Archived from
467:events are predetermined by God.
409:. Other tripartite mottos include "
260:Por la Patria, el Pan y la Justicia
1047:Monumento a Eugenio d'Ors (Madrid)
948:Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
942:Gejo Santos, María Isabel (2015).
486:(If you're Spanish, speak Spanish)
367:Una patria, un estado, un caudillo
356:¡Viva la muerte! (Long live death!
337:una Patria, un estado, un caudillo
325:Una patria, un estado, un caudillo
14:
1059:Dumézil, G. (11 September 2007).
696:have led to many places (such as
1239:Index and commentary of the film
1187:(in Spanish). 26 November 1989.
665:visit to the British territory.
1356:Spanish transition to democracy
363:Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer
133:by the Falangist intellectual,
1296:Reixa, Anton (27 March 2007).
728:Opposition to Francoist mottos
484:Si eres español, habla español
1:
1258:Photo of the Virgen Coronada
1181:"'Cerida', odiada ortografía"
923:University of Wisconsin Press
748:menos Franco y más pan blanco
641:concession to Britain in the
433:A song written in Catalan by
358:), Millán Astray adapted the
343:, who profoundly admired the
1034:Eugenio D'Ors, found on the
919:The Franco Regime, 1936-1975
818:"Periodista Digital ::"
411:Liberté, égalité, fraternite
264:Falange Española de las JONS
1024:. París: 1967. p. 307.
678:Virgen Santa María Coronada
143:responded to this with his
1402:
1376:Political history of Spain
1361:Society of Francoist Spain
902::10.1177/0265691415587686.
891:European History Quarterly
597:1964 European Nations' Cup
489:
1386:Spanish words and phrases
1216:. Spain, 22 de June 2001.
1045:The text is found at the
354:After creating the motto
316:it ended with the stanza
302:¡Franco, Franco, Franco…!
254:The motto was created by
29:incorporates the mottos "
1018:García Venero, Maximiano
376:Junta Técnica del Estado
1061:"La tríada indoeuropea"
994:Las tres Españas del 36
592:explores this subject.
572:" (which refers to the
498:University of Barcelona
415:Dios, Patria y Libertad
166:transition to democracy
107:Second Spanish Republic
1044:
809:Sobre Falange Española
780:Sociological Francoism
714:Setenil de las Bodegas
635:
628:Gibraltar-Spain border
618:(Gibraltar is Spanish)
566:
545:), in which he blames
480:
477:José María Pemán, 1939
463:
442:¡Una, Grande y Libre!"
393:
162:
79:Francoist dictatorship
73:which encapsulate the
62:
1371:20th century in Spain
1039:
625:
490:Further information:
457:
391:
333:¡Una, Grande y Libre!
183:(One, Great and Free)
181:¡Una, Grande y Libre!
158:
119:Franco's dictatorship
24:
1153:(29 December 2002).
1093:on 17 September 2007
870:on 17 September 2007
760:Symbols of Francoism
616:Gibraltar es español
543:Operation Barbarossa
507:Gramática castellana
204:which expressed the
174:regional nationalism
170:Mariano José de Lara
145:España sin problema,
131:España como problema
95:National syndicalism
87:National Catholicism
59:Symbols of Francoism
1381:Spanish nationalism
1351:Propaganda in Spain
1267:permanent dead link
1161:on 17 November 2007
1140:, Cádiz: Escelicer.
1036:Puerta de Velázquez
824:on 17 November 2007
815:Grijalbo (found at
770:Movimiento Nacional
738:Una, Grande y Libre
702:Alcázar de San Juan
563:Ramón Serrano Súñer
531:Ramón Serrano Suñer
300:, or just intoning
274:Una, Grande y Libre
206:nationalist concept
188:Una, Grande y Libre
150:Luis Carrero Blanco
135:Pedro Laín Entralgo
111:Nationalist faction
67:mottos of Francoism
55:the yoke and arrows
51:Eagle of Saint John
43:Pillars of Hercules
1346:Fascist propaganda
844:José Álvarez Junco
682:Madre de San Roque
636:
609:Bread and circuses
586:Los Niños de Rusia
582:Children of Russia
525:(Russia is guilty)
502:Antonio de Nebrija
464:
435:Joan Manuel Serrat
394:
341:José Millán Astray
244:agreements of 1953
141:Rafael Calvo Serer
63:
25:Francoist Spain's
765:FET y de las JONS
643:Treaty of Utrecht
632:Felipe González's
523:Rusia es culpable
438:(Temps era temps)
419:Dios, patria, rey
398:tripartite mottos
115:Spanish Civil War
47:Catholic Monarchs
1393:
1366:Spanish fascists
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1298:"Second Galicia"
1293:
1287:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1214:Estrella Digital
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1157:. Archived from
1147:
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912:
903:
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875:
860:
851:
841:
835:
833:
831:
829:
820:. Archived from
805:
790:Francisco Franco
670:National Library
647:Second World War
576:transfer of the
564:
478:
450:(Up with Spain!)
371:Junta de Defensa
349:Junta de Defensa
282:¡Una!, ¡Grande!,
222:decentralization
32:Una Grande Libre
1401:
1400:
1396:
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1390:
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873:
871:
862:
861:
854:
842:
838:
827:
825:
816:
806:
802:
798:
775:Francoist Spain
756:
743:Las trece rosas
730:
620:
578:Bank of Spain's
570:the Moscow Gold
565:
562:
527:
494:
488:
479:
476:
452:
448:¡Arriba España!
430:
386:
380:
329:
234:, the European
220:or territorial
185:
164:During Spain's
97:), it employed
19:
12:
11:
5:
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1368:
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1322:
1304:(in Spanish).
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1172:
1142:
1130:
1104:
1078:
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981:
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935:
915:Payne, Stanley
904:
881:
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663:Elizabeth II's
619:
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560:
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487:
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328:
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252:
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184:
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83:Traditionalism
17:
13:
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1151:Perucho, Joan
1146:
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1159:the original
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1121:. Retrieved
1119:(in Spanish)
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537:invaded the
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266:along other
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232:Soviet Union
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49:such as the
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27:coat of arms
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1282:Google Maps
785:Nationalism
639:Gibraltar's
634:government.
373:became the
369:. When the
312:Cara al Sol
242:(until the
236:democracies
113:during the
1330:Categories
1315:14 January
1198:14 January
1165:14 January
1123:14 January
1097:14 January
1071:14 January
1003:8401530261
971:. p. 111.
950:. p. 399.
931:0299110702
925:. p. 620.
898:(3): 523.
874:29 October
796:References
694:patriotism
574:Republic's
541:(known as
218:separatism
199:tripartite
91:Militarism
38:Plus Ultra
1341:Falangism
1310:1134-6582
1193:1134-6582
1117:Coveralia
828:2 October
710:Consuegra
674:San Roque
601:Marcelino
331:Although
270:symbols.
196:Francoist
99:Falangism
1065:Archived
1020:(1967).
992:(1998).
917:(1988).
754:See also
722:Torrijos
706:Anchuras
680:and the
561:—
547:Stalin's
475:—
345:Caudillo
278:¡España!
238:and the
154:Caudillo
1302:El País
1185:El País
698:Almería
535:Germany
516:Catalan
423:Carlism
286:¡Libre!
256:jonsist
192:English
77:of the
1336:Mottos
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75:ideals
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268:JONS'
210:Spain
202:motto
126:Spain
1317:2020
1306:ISSN
1200:2020
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1073:2020
998:ISBN
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952:ISBN
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876:2019
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626:The
360:Nazi
290:Amen
212:as:
93:and
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65:The
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