591:
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735:
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502:. This domain became property of the abbey of Rosa. However, this donation was contested in 1166 by Gobert V d'Aspremont, until he finally recognized it and added some agricultural land to the bequests. Thus, the division of property in the commune of Rouvres between the abbey and the lord of Rouvres was clarified in 1230 when Gobert VI d'Aspremont admitted ownership of the pond to the Rosa estate, while retaining the right to fish and the income from the mill.
704:
washhouse was converted into a stable and lean-to building as an extension of the mill, which was subsequently destroyed after the war. The main building was refurbished. A medical circuit is set up inside to care for soldiers returning from the front. The building's basements are fitted out as a warehouse, kitchen, and infirmary. Upstairs, dormitories housed soldiers and the wounded. The officers were housed in a building built directly on the dike.
331:
280:
486:
440:
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584:, while fish farming suffered from competition with fish from the French coast. In 1889, the mill pond dried up and the two adjoining ponds became swamps. The fishermen's houses surrounding the pond were dismantled. The mill was transformed into a farm and sold to a private owner in the early 20th century. Two barns, a sheepfold and a washhouse were built to meet the new needs of the occupants.
29:
795:
552:
that Louis de
Haraucourt, as seigneur de Gondrecourt en Wœvre, received a sum of 4 livres on the land and mill of Rouvres. In 1571, 1612, 1664, and 1699, the provost's office reports that Ancherin de la Réaulté, then Mathieu de la Réaulté, Goeury Warion and finally François Warion received rents of 8 rases of oats from the land and 4 rases (fanegas) of wheat from the mill.
344:
573:, the mill and lands were purchased by the Kingdom of France. The dovecote and the communal ovens of Rouvres and Lanhère disappeared during the 18th century. According to the last reorganization of 1778, the Court only consisted of a landed property, a right over the bourgeoisie of Rouvres, and some fines related to "rural minutiae".
791:, a local collective began restoring the German facilities, rebuilding some of the demolished barracks, and, in 2012, opening a museum displaying the relics found on site. Furniture, weapons, and remnants of the soldiers' domestic life illustrate the daily lives of the soldiers who occupied the mill during the war.
703:
The German army set up a base served by a gravel road, a 0.60-metre railroad, pressurized water, electricity, and a telephone. Over a 700-meter stretch, the officers built barracks, wooden chalets, sanitary facilities, showers, and a bandstand in wood, cob, brick, and prefabricated materials. The old
472:
installed below the dike and to power the millstone located inside the building. Two construction projects were undertaken in the course of the 15th and 16th centuries. The first, in 1466, widened the causeway leading to the mill to facilitate access to the villages. The second, in 1556, improved the
296:
makes it highly sensitive to surface pollution, and the water is often unfit for consumption without prior treatment, particularly since the development of intensive agriculture, which is very important on the Pays Haut plateau to the east of the mill. Up until quite recently, water from the slab was
786:
was in danger of collapsing and the dike channels were partly blocked. In the early 2000s, the mill was purchased. Restoration work initially focused on ensuring the long-term stabilization of the main buildings by renovating the roofs, then enhancing the medieval and German remains. In 2011, in the
690:
Several thousand men were stationed there before leaving for the front or being transferred to other war zones. On their return from combat, soldiers are stripped of their clothes, washed, shaved, and de-haired before being allowed to return to their quarters. The violence of the fighting around the
493:
While the construction of the
Rouvres mill and pond is most probably linked to the presence of the Benedictines at Rosa, the profits from milling and fish farming were shared between the abbey and the lords of Rouvres. The origins of the seigneury can be traced back to the usufruct of the commune of
467:
References to the mill increased from the 15th century onwards, as the infrastructure was gradually extended. Between 1429 and 1430, thanks to the construction of a 300-meter dike, the pond was enlarged to 43 hectares. A series of three canals were built to regulate the height of the pond, while an
699:
forts led to an influx of wounded soldiers, who were either treated on the spot or sent to Metz. Behind the lines, the mill provided a place to rest, sheltered from the bombardments and fighting to which the troops returning from the front had been exposed for several weeks. Archival documents and
551:
faithfully reveal the names of the undivided beneficiaries of rents on the
Rouvres mill and land. Under the terms of the deed of 1339, these consisted of a rent of 5 reds (nets) from the mill's production and 6 reds (fanegas) of oat from the land's production. Between 1456 and 1457, it is reported
447:
The first records of the
Rouvres mill date back to the 13th century, at a time when manmade ponds and mills were becoming widespread in Lorraine. Downstream from the mill, a second pond, Darmont, was also used for fish farming and milling. These constructions were linked to the establishment of
359:
to adapt to natural and geological formations. The mill dike closed off the outlet from the lowland and raised the water level. At the beginning of the 19th century, the pond covered almost 43 hectares and captured water from the
Ruisseau de Rosa and part of the watershed of the Ru du Moulin de
300:
The development of the mill pond was made possible by a specific geological layout, due to the presence of impermeable soils held back by a very concentrated clay elevation created by contact with the Pays Haut limestone plateau. In contrast to the entire band to the east of the Étain slab, the
291:
region in that, due to its porous surface and massive depths, the Étain slab was not a suitable layer for pond formation. Whereas the Woëvre plain is characterized by a high density of surface aquifers, the water in the slab seeps through cracks in the limestone layer and only appears in a few
216:
made it a strategic location, providing shelter for up to 3,000 soldiers. After the war, it returned to agricultural use, but gradually fell into disrepair. Partially restored in the early 21st century, it now houses a museum dedicated to the First World War.
460:
456:. However, the presence of the Benedictine abbey of Rosa, occupied by monks of Saint Paul, was recorded in 1144. In a document dated 1230, Gobert d'Aspremont first acknowledged the monks' ownership of the pond below the abbey and overlooking the mill.
590:
1650:
Vincent Fister, Benoît Losson, Luc
Manceau and Sébastien Lebaut, "L'hydrosystème de l'étang d'Amel (Meuse, France) : fonctionnement hydro-sédimentaire d'un petit bassin karstique et évaluation de l'érosion",
602:
564:
and the French occupation. The Cour de
Rouvres was devastated during this period. The courtyard house was destroyed, and only three walls (north, south and west) remained. In 1766, with the annexation of the
529:. Mathieu de Noviant-aux-prés then created the Cour de Rouvres, sometimes called the Grande Cour de Rouvres, whose assets consisted, according to a vidimus of 1377, of a house with its outbuildings, the
560:
Between 1450 and 1778, the Cour de
Rouvres fief was divided among several co-owners as a result of partition. Although it played an important economic role in Lorraine, it was severely affected by the
746:
778:. This activity continued until the 1990s, when production declined and was reduced to a small herd of cattle. The buildings gradually fell into disrepair and, by the end of the century, the
448:
religious communities and abbeys. In
Rouvres-en-Woëvre, Benedictine presence was proven in 962, when Bishop Wigfrid of Verdun decided to replace the community of Saint-Saturnin with that of
1730:
Simon Ritz and Sébastien Viller, "L'exploitation des limcaires en plaquettes de la Dalle d'Étain dans l'agglomération gallo-romaine de Senon (Meuse)", in Karine
Boulanger, CĂ©dric Moulis,
525:. Until the annexation of Lorraine and Barrois by the kingdom of France in 1766, Mathieu de Noviant-aux-prés's descendants were the beneficiaries of the mill's revenues, in fief to the
1732:
Pierre à Pierre : économie de la pierre aux périodes historiques en Lorraine et régions limitrophes (Ier s. av. J.-C. XVIIe s.), Actes du colloque de Nancy, November 5th-6th, 2015
414:
were dug to capture the water and channel it into the Darmont stream, allowing the land in the lowland to be cultivated and preventing the formation of a swamp once again. During
722:
657:(first-aid post) for the German army's 45 Landwhr brigade. Stretcher-bearers brought the wounded from the Ldw.I.R100 and Ldw.I.R. 102 regiments caught on the front line between
1624:
Karine Boulanger, Cédric Moulis, David Gucker and Dominique Heckenbenner, "Lorraine. "La pierre aux périodes historiques en Lorraine, de l'extraction à la mise en œuvre",
498:. Eventually, in 1144, the knight Albert de Romont ceded part of the Rouvres estate to the bishop of Verdun, Albéron de Chiny, on condition that it be administered by the
1375:
268:
marl. The quality of this rock favored the development of a major extraction activity that contributed to the economic dynamism of the areas around the mill during the
1395:
683:
When the position of the two armies stabilized, the mill became a permanent first-aid post, a supply center and an important billet for German troops engaged in the
653:
At the outbreak of World War I, the Rouvres mill found itself at the heart of the battles of August 24–25, 1914. During the German advance, the mill served as a
710:
383:
The level of the pond was regulated by a series of three canals. When in operation, the mill was activated by one of the canals, which crossed the dike via an
1781:
766:, a brick command post, the station, and the hairdresser's shop survived. After the Armistice, the mill returned to its agricultural function, focusing on
1673:
P. Gamez, F. Gras and M. Sary, "Le revers de la Dalle d'Etain en Lorraine septentrionale. Un exemple de l'influence du kart sur la géodynamique externe",
734:
200:, it was finally dismantled and its pond drained at the end of the 19th century. Initially transformed into a farm, it was located at the heart of the
1801:
84:
1806:
1100:
272:. Near Rouvres-en-WoĂŞvre, the deposits reach depths of up to sixteen meters. A rectangular pit containing three complete vases dating from the
276:
was unearthed a few hundred meters from the mill. This discovery attests to the presence of this type of activity as early as 1200 to 900 BC.
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1540:
1510:
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687:. Protected from the French army by the wooded terrain, the mill was a strategic base from which the Germans could link up with the front.
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The German wooden installations were dismantled after the war, but the concrete structures remained in place. Three barracks, several
1739:
1594:
1561:
1536:
1514:
1488:
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1429:
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was located on one of the mill's outer walls and was connected by a transmission mechanism to a grindstone inside the building. The
1372:
1745:
Laurent Vermard, Frédéric Adam and Franck Thiériot, "Le site funéraire du Bronze final de Void-Vacon "le Vé" (Meuse, Lorraine)",
882:
418:, German troops redeveloped the pond adjacent to the mill and built a third reservoir upstream to meet the water requirements of
1392:
1667:
1046:
1014:
700:
remains show that, in addition to its military function, the base of the mill was also a convivial place for many soldiers.
264:
of the Étain slab are much more solid than the other limestone layers of the Meuse region, and are joined at the surface by
1796:
1030:
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411:
970:
77:
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buildings and increased grain and flour storage capacity. In 1660, materials from the collapsed Orfonttaine mill, near
315:
is less clear-cut at mill level, due to the presence of marly elements on the lateral bands, joined at the surface by
452:. A document from 972 mentions that this congregation drew income from the commune of Rouvres for the church and two
1757:
1644:
900:
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1710:
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Rouvres left by Bishop Richer of Verdun between 1098 and 1107 to his brother Albert, lord of Briey, on behalf of
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449:
1314:
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was completely destroyed and its inhabitants shot by the German army. The mill, however, suffered no damage.
517:
on this site, Jean I d'Apremont ceded part of his property in Rouvres, including the mill and the terrain to
1687:
Xavier Margarit, "Rapport de diagnostic archéologique du site de Fond de Rosâ à Rouvres-en-Woëvre (Meuse)",
1326:
1116:
384:
201:
1418:
Les fortifications allemandes d'Alsace-Lorraine, 1870-1918: de la défense des frontières à la Grande guerre
505:
Around 1339, the Rouvres mill left the domain of the House of Aspremont. On this date, in exchange for the
931:
658:
1682:
Données géologiques et hydrogéologiques sur les feuilles topographiques au 1/50 000, Étain et VigneulleS
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837:
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958:
666:
561:
380:. At the same time, a second, smaller pond was created by diverting water from the Ruisseau de Rosa.
320:
209:
158:
51:
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Watershed of the RĂ» du moulin de Darmont and the outlines of the Rouvres and Darmont ponds in 1826
808:
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510:
495:
166:
55:
334:
Geological structure of the lowland forming the Moulin de Rouvres pond on the scale of the Meuse
576:
After the Revolution, the Abbey of Rosa was dismantled, as for the mill and pond, were sold as
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783:
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330:
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213:
577:
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365:
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1771:
Rouvres-en-Woevre – Rouvres-Mühle und Schlacht bei Etain-Buzy – 23. – 26. August 1914
407:
293:
185:, which probably predates its construction, provided a dual function for milling and
174:
489:
Coat of arms of the de Beauvau family, to which Mathieu de Noviant-aux-prés belonged
485:
439:
1694:
Denis Mathis and Anne Mathis, "Anciens et nouveaux terroirs d'Ă©tangs en Lorraine",
1026:
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Carte géologique à 1/50000, feuille Revigny-sur-Ornain (190) et Notice explicative
580:. During the 19th century, the mill lost importance with the advent of industrial
443:
Gobert d'Aspremont (1187–1263), first knight mentioned as lord of the Rouvres mill
212:
and transformed into a military camp. Its proximity to the front line during the
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415:
388:
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205:
28:
514:
273:
1754:
1750:
1641:
1637:
99:
86:
1582:, t. 1, Paris, Imprimerie et librairie administratives de Paul Dupont, 1875.
1580:
Inventaire-sommaire des archives départementales antérieures à 1790 de Meuse
818:
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696:
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Plan of German installations at the Rouvres mill during the First World War
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The Rouvres mill and its pond are shown on the Napoleonic cadastre of 1827.
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250:
1522:
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1437:
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The pond that fed the Rouvres mill differs from other water bodies in the
1605:
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1547:
242:
59:
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Jean I d'Aspremont, last lord of the House of Aspremont to rule the mill
196:
However, faced with competition from French coastal fish and industrial
419:
399:, stored in the three stories above the millstone, were processed into
373:
361:
238:
1703:
1503:
Jusqu'au bout. Août-septembre 1914, la Lorraine bascule dans la guerre
351:
In the 13th century, Benedictine monks built an artificial pond using
771:
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The front line between Verdun and the Rouvres mill during World War I
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and a major source of income for the seigneury of Rouvres-en-Woëvre.
162:
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70:
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perennial emergences with inconstant flow. The permeability of the
230:
The Rouvres mill lies at the southern end of the Dalle d'Étain, an
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plateau of the Pays Haut des CĂ´tes de Moselle (to the east). The
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144:
1043:
Fiche cours d'eau – le ruisseau du Moulin de Darmont (A8040310)
537:, as well as various rents on the mill, meadows, land, and the
1749:, vol. 107, no 2, 2010, pp. 353–370 (ISSN 0249-7638, DOI
189:. Between the 13th and 18th centuries, it became an important
1720:, Nancy, Bulletin de la société des sciences de Nancy, 1952.
1477:
Première victoire devant Verdun (August 24th and 25th 1914)
1718:Études géologiques sur le territoire de la feuille d'Étain
1529:
La face cachée. Empreintes de l'armée allemande, 1914-1918
728:
Tablet engraved by a soldier during the mill's occupation.
245:. This layer is located in a transition zone between the
1655:, vol. 21, no. 2, July 31, 2015, pp. 101–114 (ISSN
323:
where water stagnation facilitated the development of a
1617:
Jacques Allouc, Dominique Harmand and Jacques Le Roux,
1653:
GĂ©omorphologie : relief, processus, environnement
1027:
Fiche cours d'eau – Le Rû du moulin de Darmont (A804)
1101:
Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques 1925
410:
of the pond, the mill facilities remained in place.
360:
Darmont. The excess water flowed into the Moulin de
297:only used to meet domestic and agricultural needs.
131:
123:
115:
76:
66:
47:
42:
21:
1554:DĂ©partement de la Meuse, dictionnaire des communes
1420:, Paris, Histoires & Collections, 2009, 66 p.
1011:Fiche cours d'eau – Le ruisseau de Rosa (A8040500)
556:The fall of Cour de Rouvres and decline of milling
1442:Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques,
481:Affiliation to the seigneury of Rouvres-en-Woëvre
477:, were also used to repair and enlarge the mill.
1734:, Nancy, Presses universitaires de Nancy, 2020 (
1725:Synthèse géologique du bassin de Paris, Orléans
177:times, it was transformed into an abbey in the
1747:Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française
319:. This arrangement favored the formation of a
8:
1675:Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique
327:area that was later converted into a pond.
173:. Originally part of a farm dating back to
16:Historically relevant mill in Meuse, France
1505:, Metz, Éditions Serpenoise, 2013, 247 p.
18:
1698:, vol. 56, nos 1–2, April 22, 2016 (ISSN
1531:, Verdun, Connaissance de la Meuse, 2000
630:From German occupation to the present day
422:' daily consumption and the operation of
1589:, Paris, Jean-Noël Mathieu, 1998, 94 p.
1367:"Faire connaître le Moulin de Rouvres",
716:Soldiers garrisoned at the Rouvres mill.
342:
830:
706:
586:
347:Plan of the Rouvres mill infrastructure
1416:Philippe Burtscher and François Hoff,
1352:
1350:
468:aqueduct was constructed to drive the
403:and sent to the surrounding villages.
1527:Jean-Luc Kaluzko and Frédéric Radet,
1337:
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1244:
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612:on the west wall of the Rouvres mill.
7:
1779:First outing for "Die Rouvres MĂĽlhe"
1451:La guerre aux portes de Saint-Mihiel
1446:, Paris, Imprimerie nationale, 1925.
1444:Bulletin de la section de géographie
911:
909:
866:
864:
665:. During the battle, the village of
1501:KĂ©vin Goeuriot and Nicolas Czubak,
752:Bandstand built by the German army.
673:A rear base close to the front line
387:and dropped over the blades of the
1587:Les seigneurs de Rouvres-en-Woëvre
1387:"Visit to the Moulin de Rouvres",
14:
1689:Service régional de l'Archéologie
1628:, no. 42, December 1, 2012 (ISSN
745:
733:
721:
709:
617:
601:
589:
169:. It was first mentioned in the
27:
1802:Geography of Meuse (department)
1677:, vol. 102, 1979, p. 47-52
1556:, Paris, Comédit, 1991, 840 p.
1453:, Louviers, Ysec, 2016, 150 p.
740:A ccene of garrison daily life.
114:
1479:, Louviers, Ysec, 2013, 79 p.
901:Vermard, Adam et Thiériot 2010
33:East view of the mill in 1916.
1:
1807:History of Meuse (department)
1713:, accessed February 11, 2021)
1760:, accessed January 29, 2021)
1670:, accessed January 29, 2021)
1661:10.4000/geomorphologie.10917
1647:, accessed January 29, 2021)
1475:Nicolas Czubak, Étain-Buzy.
624:The Rouvres mill circa 1914.
253:plain (to the west) and the
241:found only in north-western
1696:Revue GĂ©ographique de l'Est
758:Towards heritage protection
519:Mathieu de Noviant-aux-prés
376:and a sub-tributary of the
1828:
676:
646:
430:The Lords of Rouvres' mill
157:is a historic site in the
38:
26:
871:Gamez, Gras et Sary 1979
789:centenary of World War I
782:were badly damaged, the
523:Mandres-aux-Quatre-Tours
435:Origins and construction
339:Hydrological functioning
226:Geomorphological context
1751:10.3406/bspf.2010.13932
1638:10.4000/archeomed.11145
1357:Burtscher et Hoff 2009.
1315:Goeuriot et Czubak 2013
809:fr:Histoire de la Meuse
635:Battle of Étain-Rouvres
208:, then occupied by the
202:Battle of the Frontiers
1684:, Orléans, BRGM, 1969.
1621:, Orléans, BRGM, 2007.
1391:, October 18th, 2019 (
1117:Mathis et Mathis 2016.
799:
644:
490:
464:
444:
348:
335:
284:
1626:Archéologie médiévale
1371:, August 27th, 2018 (
1327:Kaluzko et Radet 2000
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462:
442:
364:below, then into the
346:
333:
282:
1797:Watermills in France
774:breeding as well as
544:The accounts of the
515:high and low justice
100:49.20083°N 5.69694°E
1585:Jean-Noël Mathieu,
932:Ritz et Viller 2020
659:Boinville-en-Woëvre
527:Bishopric of Verdun
500:Abbey of Saint Paul
429:
412:Agricultural drains
301:transition between
96: /
43:General information
800:
649:Battle of Lorraine
645:
608:Traces of the old
496:Matilda of Tuscany
491:
465:
445:
349:
336:
285:
249:depression of the
1716:Pierre Maubeuge,
1599:978-2-9512517-0-0
1578:Adolphe Marchal,
1566:978-2-909112-04-6
1541:978-2-9503985-4-3
1511:978-2-87692-958-6
1485:978-2-84673-170-6
1459:978-2-84673-244-4
1426:978-2-35250-070-4
667:Rouvres-en-Woëvre
578:national property
567:Duchy of Lorraine
562:Thirty Years' War
159:Rouvres-en-Woëvre
155:Moulin de Rouvres
151:
150:
105:49.20083; 5.69694
52:Rouvres-en-Woëvre
22:Moulin de Rouvres
1819:
1812:Battle of Verdun
1704:10.4000/rge.5712
1449:Nicolas Czubak,
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1406:Bibliography
1388:
1383:
1368:
1363:
1322:
1310:
1294:
1283:Lemoine 1991
1278:
1267:Mathieu 1998
1262:
1251:Mathieu 1998
1232:Mathieu 1998
1227:
1216:Mathieu 1998
1197:Mathieu 1998
1192:
1181:Mathieu 1998
1176:
1165:Mathieu 1998
1160:
1149:Mathieu 1998
1128:Mathieu 1998
1123:
1112:
1082:Marchal 1875
1061:Marchal 1875
1037:
1021:
1005:
994:Mathieu 1998
972:
966:
954:
943:
927:
896:
884:
878:
851:
845:
838:MĂ©gnien 1980
833:
761:
702:
689:
682:
655:Verbandplatz
654:
652:
575:
559:
543:
541:of Rouvres.
504:
492:
475:Moulainville
466:
446:
405:
393:paddle wheel
382:
350:
299:
286:
266:rhynchonella
229:
195:
187:fish farming
179:11th century
171:13th century
154:
152:
132:Designations
58:department,
48:Town or city
1755:read online
1708:read online
1665:read online
1642:read online
1393:read online
1373:read online
1342:Czubak 2016
1299:Czubak 2013
959:Marcer 1969
814:World War I
776:polyculture
610:paddlewheel
539:bourgeoisie
470:water wheel
416:World War I
389:water wheel
270:Middle Ages
210:German army
206:World War I
175:Gallo-Roman
119:Before 1230
103: /
78:Coordinates
1791:Categories
883:Boulanger
825:References
582:gristmills
521:, lord of
450:Saint-Paul
321:depression
274:Bronze Age
262:limestones
198:gristmills
91:05°41′49″E
88:49°12′03″N
1700:0035-3213
1657:1266-5304
1634:2608-4228
1630:0153-9337
1523:893756842
1497:866826853
1471:959978865
1438:470750150
1041:Sandre, "
1025:Sandre, "
1009:Sandre, "
819:Watermill
784:framework
693:Douaumont
549:provostry
370:tributary
313:limestone
306:limestone
255:limestone
191:watermill
137:watermill
116:Completed
54:commune,
1612:Articles
1606:48924352
1574:27907811
1548:76448736
803:See also
535:Lanhères
420:soldiers
408:draining
385:aqueduct
243:Lorraine
237:tabular
221:Location
60:Lorraine
1782:archive
1774:archive
1758:archive
1711:archive
1691:, 2000.
1668:archive
1645:archive
1396:archive
1376:archive
1047:archive
1031:archive
1015:archive
971:Fister
850:Allouc
764:bunkers
374:Moselle
372:of the
303:oolitic
259:oolitic
239:outcrop
204:during
135:Former
67:Country
1738:
1702:, DOI
1659:, DOI
1636:, DOI
1604:
1593:
1572:
1560:
1546:
1535:
1521:
1509:
1495:
1483:
1469:
1457:
1436:
1424:
974:et al.
886:et al.
853:et al.
772:cattle
571:of Bar
511:Mandre
454:mansus
397:grains
391:. The
357:canals
325:marshy
289:Woëvre
251:Woëvre
247:clayey
163:French
141:museum
71:France
62:region
1411:Books
780:roofs
768:sheep
663:Warcq
546:Étain
401:flour
378:Rhine
353:dikes
310:marly
167:Meuse
124:Owner
56:Meuse
1736:ISBN
1632:and
1602:OCLC
1591:ISBN
1570:OCLC
1558:ISBN
1544:OCLC
1533:ISBN
1519:OCLC
1507:ISBN
1493:OCLC
1481:ISBN
1467:OCLC
1455:ISBN
1434:OCLC
1422:ISBN
1289:100.
1107:100.
1088:143.
1067:154.
977:2005
889:2012
856:2007
770:and
697:Vaux
695:and
661:and
569:and
513:and
368:, a
366:Orne
355:and
308:and
183:pond
181:. A
153:The
145:farm
143:and
1305:44.
1273:36.
1257:71.
1238:47.
1222:73.
1203:72.
1187:15.
1171:10.
1155:11.
1000:13.
938:12.
922:66.
509:of
1793::
1753:,
1706:,
1663:,
1640:,
1597:,
1568:,
1564:,
1539:,
1517:,
1513:,
1491:,
1487:,
1465:,
1461:,
1432:,
1428:,
1349:^
1334:^
1303:p.
1301:,
1287:p.
1285:,
1271:p.
1269:,
1255:p.
1253:,
1243:^
1236:p.
1234:,
1220:p.
1218:,
1208:^
1201:p.
1199:,
1185:p.
1183:,
1169:p.
1167:,
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1151:,
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1134:8.
1132:p.
1130:,
1105:p.
1103:,
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1086:p.
1084:,
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1065:p.
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1029:"
1013:"
998:p.
996:,
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920:p.
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908:^
863:^
426:.
1742:)
1398:)
1378:)
1344:.
1329:.
1317:.
979:.
961:.
903:.
891:.
873:.
858:.
840:.
147:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
