41:
266:
313:, implying a living spirit and an ancestor. One then becomes the moral conscience of the community and is seen to be a fair adjudicator in cases of disputes within the community. In times of crisis, most Igbo communities will rely on Ozo members for leadership. Generally, in most Igbo communities, only holders of
360:
in outlook, the basic pre-condition for such an assessment was to ascertain whether the father of a candidate was still alive. If a candidate’s father was still alive, the title could not be taken. This rule however does not apply to
696:
Cookey, S. (1980), Reviewed work(s): Trade without Rulers: Pre-Colonial
Economic Development in South-Eastern Nigeria by David Northrup, International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp.
332:
title is extremely expensive with the lower grades costing in excess of US$ 25,000 in initiation cost and up to another US$ 2000 in annual subscriptions. Although there is hegemony across
252:
773:
538:, the position is usually taken by the first son in a lineage who by taking the title becomes responsible for arbitrating internal family disputes.
687:
Green, M. (1958). Sayings of the ỌkọŊkọ Society of the Igbo-Speaking People. Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies, 21, pp 157-173
669:
Jeffreys, M. (1951). The Winged Solar Disk, or Ibo Ichi
Scarification, Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 93-111.
633:
Jeffreys, M. (1951). The Winged Solar Disk, or Ibo Ichi
Scarification, Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 93-111.
624:
Jeffreys, M. (1951). The Winged Solar Disk, or Ibo Ichi
Scarification, Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 93-111.
584:
Jeffreys, M. (1951). The Winged Solar Disk, or Ibo Ichi
Scarification, Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 93-111
642:
Finds, M., and
Onwuejeogwu, B. (1977), The Search for the Missing Links in Dating and Interpreting the Igbo–Ukwu, Paideuma, Bd. 23, pp. 169-188
720:
613:
768:
245:
512:, the spiritual leader of the Ozo system held. This has however changed with most Igbo communities being led by a senior
706:
Nwosu, P. (2010), The Age of
Cultural Hybridisation: A Case Study of Okonko, Anthropologist, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 161-165
396:
340:, categorisation and grades of Ozo titles are different across Igbo communities. For example, with the exception of the
753:
660:
Arth, M. (1968). Ideals and
Behavior. A Comment on Ibo Respect Patterns, The Gerontologist, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 242-244
437:
Igbo and some of the Delta Igbo. The Nze na Ozo society does not exist in most southern Igbo communities such as the
678:
Odukwe, M. (1985). The ozo title in
Onitsha: A brief Historical Study, MA Thesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
238:
321:
title. Anthropologists have seen cases of women with Ichi scarification, although only men are amongst the
758:
732:
Odukwe, M. (1999). The Okpala Institution in Onitsha: 1900-1999, PhD Thesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
763:
748:
225:
40:
593:
Agbakoba, J., and Nwauche, E. (2006), African Conceptions of Justice, Responsibility and Punishment,
430:
422:
404:
314:
595:
152:
142:
98:
716:
609:
325:
a title which accords the individual extreme prestige, power, and influence in the community.
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title while a candidates father is alive. In other Igbo communities, especially those in the
356:’ may not be taken until the candidate was seen to have been ‘a man’. Being that Igbo’s are
220:
547:
418:
403:
title in Igboland relates to the pre-requisite for the candidate to have earlier taken
377:
axis, some exceptions are made where the candidate completes the initiation rites into
374:
742:
345:
177:
167:
58:
608:
Aniagolu, E. (2010). Ozo: A Story of an African Knighthood . Pub. Griot Press USA,
302:
197:
16:
Highest and most important spiritual, religious and social grouping in Igbo society
357:
286:
192:
438:
385:’ until the father dies. Such a person may however not be allowed to dance to
114:
715:
Ogbukagu, I.K. (1997). Traditional Igbo beliefs and Practices, Pub. Novelty,
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are not necessarily distinct based on nomenclature alone. For example, while
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441:. Instead, these communities have masquerade societies such as Okonko and
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63:
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is not a recognised institution and is therefore not undertaken by the
426:
362:
341:
290:
282:
124:
109:
83:
68:
26:
575:
Basden, G. (1921). Among the Ibos of Nigeria, Pub Nonsuch, p. 211-213
157:
119:
88:
448:
In most parts of Igboland, there are generally two major classes of
566:
Meek, C. (1937). Law and Authority in a Nigerian Tribe, Pub. London
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48:
442:
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147:
73:
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Nze na Ozo society marks the person as nobility. To become
413:). While taking Ozo title in most Igbo communities in the
484:), again there are generally three grades consisting of
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holders on special Igbo religious festivals such as the
496:. It must however be recognised that until about 1930,
281:
society, is the highest and most important spiritual,
408:
651:Achebe, C. (1957). Things Fall Apart, Pub. London
246:
8:
476:. In the second class of Ozo referred to as
421:axis requires the candidate to have taken
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239:
18:
399:. Another major difference in taking of
391:music which is a sacred music danced by
309:implies that the title holder is now an
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464:, there are three grades consisting of
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133:
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47:
21:
7:
500:had a fourth (and highest) grade of
269:An Igbo chief of the "red cap" rank.
14:
317:title may become candidates for
277:society, otherwise known as the
39:
774:African traditional governments
33:Igbo religion and spirituality
1:
409:
285:and social grouping in the
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526:. The different grades of
381:, but is referred to as ‘
348:, certain titles of the
516:holder referred to as
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599:, Vol. 73, pp. 73- 84
534:is regarded as obele
508:(Sky) which only the
289:society of Southeast
268:
226:Hoodoo (spirituality)
23:Part of the series on
769:African noble titles
365:Igbo’s who can take
301:Initiation into the
596:Cambrian Law Review
99:Legendary creatures
754:Society of Nigeria
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49:Divinities (Arusi)
336:on the notion of
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759:Igbo religion
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198:Ibini Ukpabi
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101:and concepts
207:Derivatives
743:Categories
554:References
532:Ozo Okpala
498:nnukwu Ozo
462:nnukwu Ozo
460:). Within
454:nnukwu Ozo
425:title, in
383:Nze-agbala
346:Delta Igbo
275:Nze na Ozo
163:Nze na Ozo
115:Ogu na Ofo
478:obele Ozo
410:gbue Ichi
352:such as ‘
283:religious
279:Agbalanze
723:, p. 75.
542:See also
334:Igboland
221:Jonkonnu
168:Calendar
79:Agwu Nsi
64:Amadioha
697:364-369
510:Eze Nri
480:(small
435:Onitsha
427:Onitsha
407:title (
363:Onitsha
342:Onitsha
328:Taking
297:History
291:Nigeria
125:Ogbanje
84:Ekwensu
69:Anyanwu
28:Odinala
719:
612:
494:Okpala
474:Ezeana
354:Ezeana
158:Inouwa
134:Topics
120:Inouwa
89:Ikenga
490:Ezuzo
486:Eyisi
456:(big
216:Obeah
188:Earth
717:ISBN
610:ISBN
518:Igwe
506:Igwe
492:and
472:and
466:Dunu
443:Ekpe
431:Ichi
423:Ichi
415:Awka
405:Ichi
388:Ufie
371:Awka
344:and
323:Ozo,
315:Ichi
287:Igbo
273:The
148:Ekpe
110:Mmuo
74:Igwe
536:Ozo
528:Ozo
523:Eze
520:or
514:Ozo
502:Ozo
482:Ozo
470:Dim
458:Ozo
450:Ozo
439:Aro
419:Nri
401:Ozo
393:Ozo
379:Ozo
375:Nri
367:Ozo
350:Ozo
338:Ozo
330:Ozo
319:Ozo
311:Nze
307:Ozo
193:Nri
153:Osu
143:Chi
59:Ala
745::
488:,
468:,
445:.
429:,
293:.
417:-
373:-
254:e
247:t
240:v
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