NASA spin-off technologies - Knowledge (XXG)

148: 136: 764:, or NASTRAN, is considered one of the most successful and widely used NASA software programs. It has been used to design everything from Cadillacs to roller coaster rides. Originally created for spacecraft design, it has been employed in a host of non-aerospace applications and is available to industry through NASA's Computer Software Management and Information Center (COSMIC). COSMIC maintains a library of computer programs from NASA and other government agencies and sells them at a fraction of the cost of developing a new program. NASA Structural Analysis Computer Software was inducted into the 701:," (PRP) which safely cleans petroleum-based pollutants from water. PRP uses thousands of microcapsules—tiny balls of beeswax with hollow centers. Water cannot penetrate the microcapsule's cell, but oil is absorbed into the beeswax spheres as they float on the water's surface. Contaminating chemical compounds that originally come from crude oil (such as fuels, motor oils, or petroleum hydrocarbons) are caught before they settle, limiting damage to ocean beds. PRP microcapsules serve as nutrients to assist naturally occurring microbes in soil or water to biodegrade contaminants. 124: 439:

heat shield, such as fire-retardant paints and foams for aircraft, which led to an intumescent epoxy material, which expands in volume when exposed to heat or flames, acting as an insulating barrier and dissipating heat through burn-off. Further innovations include steel coatings devised to make high-rise buildings and public structures safer by swelling to provide a tough and stable insulating layer over the steel for up to 4 hours of fire protection, ultimately to slow building collapse and provide more time for escape.

369:, a DC-powered air conditioner for single-engine aircraft called Thermacool, and high-output alternators to run them both. Thermawing allows pilots to safely fly through ice encounters and provides pilots of single-engine aircraft the heated wing technology usually reserved for larger, jet-powered craft. Thermacool, an electric air conditioning system, uses a new compressor whose rotary pump design runs off an energy-efficient, brushless DC motor and allows pilots to use the air conditioner before the engine starts. 843: 418:

camcorders, VAS is a tool for video enhancement and analysis offering support of full-resolution digital video, stabilization, frame-by-frame analysis, conversion of analog video to digital storage formats, and increased visibility of filmed subjects without altering underlying footage. Aside from law enforcement and security applications, VAS has also been adapted to serve the military for reconnaissance, weapons deployment, damage assessment, training, and mission debriefing.

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Department of Defense to further develop the sensors for detecting chemical warfare agents and potential threats, such as toxic industrial compounds and nerve agents. IOS has sold the chemically sensitive fiber optic cables to major automotive and aerospace companies, who are finding a variety of uses for the devices such as aiding experimentation with nontraditional power sources, and as an economical "alarm system" for detecting chemical release in large facilities.

248:, a device that provides hearing sensation to people that receive little to no benefit from hearing aids. Kissiah used his knowledge learned while working as an electronics instrumentation engineer at NASA. This work took place over three years, when Kissiah would spend his lunch breaks and evenings in NASA's technical library, studying the impact of engineering principles on the inner ear. In 1977, NASA helped Kissiah obtain a patent for the cochlear implant. 1041: 3911: 777:

control and monitoring of a new intelligent oven product named "Connect Io." With combined cooling and heating capabilities, Connect Io refrigerates food until a customized pre-programmable cooking cycle begins. The menu allows the user to simply enter the dinner time, and the oven automatically switches from refrigeration to the cooking cycle, so that the meal will be ready as the family arrives home for dinner.

652: 542:. The foods are cooked, quickly frozen, and then slowly heated in a vacuum chamber to remove the ice crystals formed by the freezing process. The final product retains 98% of its nutrition and weighs much less than before drying. The ratio of weight before and after drying depends strongly on the particular food item but a typical freeze-dried weight is 20% of the original weight. 38:(SBIR) or STTR awards, licensing of NASA patents, use of NASA facilities, technical assistance from NASA personnel, or data from NASA research. Information on new NASA technology that may be useful to industry is available in periodical and website form in "NASA Tech Briefs", while successful examples of commercialization are reported annually in the NASA publication 3923: 1146: 860:

non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of railroad ties, groundwater analysis, radiation, and as a medical testing device to assess levels of internal swelling and pressure for patients with intracranial pressure and compartment syndrome, a painful condition that results when pressure within muscles builds to dangerous levels.

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NASA engineers are collaborating with qualified companies to develop systems intended to sustain the astronauts living on the International Space Station and future Moon and space missions. This system turns wastewater from respiration, sweat, and urine into drinkable water. By combining the benefits

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NASA noticed that astronauts came back to Earth with a lack of muscle mass and bone density in space because human bodies are used to being in gravity. Regular weight-lifting techniques and machines do not work well in space to help build muscle. Inventor Paul Francis, with funding from Johnson Space

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Built and designed by Avco Corporation, the Apollo heat shield was coated with a material whose purpose was to burn and thus dissipate energy during reentry while charring, to form a protective coating to block heat penetration. NASA subsequently funded Avco's development of other applications of the

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has used surplus rocket fuel through an agreement with NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center to produce a flare that can safely destroy landmines. The fuel that is left unused from a launch will become a solid, which cannot be reused but can be used as an ingredient needed to create the Demining Device

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are based on microalgae, can be found in over 90% of the infant formulas sold in the United States, and are added to infant formulas in over 65 other countries. Martek Biosciences Corporation's founders and principal scientists acquired their expertise in this area while working on the NASA program.

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With NASA funding, Taylor Devices Inc. developed shock absorbers that could safely remove the fuel and electrical connectors from the Space Shuttles during launch. These absorbers are being used as seismic shock absorbers to protect buildings from earthquakes in places like Tokyo and San Francisco.

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Firefighting equipment in the United States is based on lightweight materials developed for the U.S. Space Program. NASA and the National Bureau of Standards created a lightweight breathing system including face mask, frame, harness, and air bottle, using an aluminum composite material developed by

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in NASA space shuttle plant growth experiments, NASA issued a small business innovation grant that led to the development of a hand-held, high-intensity, LED unit developed by Quantum Devices Inc. that can be used to treat tumors after other treatment options are depleted. This therapy was approved

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Applications of space technology for the elderly and handicapped joint hearings before the Select Committee on Aging and the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, first session, July 19 and 20, 1979 (Report). Serial - House, Committee on Science

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founded Radar Technologies International (RTI) in 1999 to use satellite generated data to identify probable locations of precious metals and during its use found it could also detect water. The system developed with this data, WATEX, uses about 80 percent of its data inputs from publicly available

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Embedded Web Technology (EWT) software—originally developed by NASA for use by astronauts operating experiments on the International Space Station—lets a user monitor and/or control a device remotely over the Internet. NASA supplied this technology and guidance to TMIO LLC, which developed remote

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ERAST's goal was to develop remotely piloted aircraft, intended to fly unmanned at high altitudes for days at a time and requiring advanced solar power sources that did not add weight. As a result, SunPower Corporation created advanced silicon-based cells for terrestrial or airborne applications.

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Collaboration between NASA, Dr. Michael DeBakey, Dr. George Noon, and MicroMed Technology Inc. resulted in a heart pump for patients awaiting heart transplants. The MicroMed DeBakey ventricular assist device (VAD) functions as a "bridge to heart transplant" by pumping blood until a donor heart is

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states that NASA spent a large amount of money to develop a pen that would write in space (the result purportedly being the Fisher Space Pen), while the Soviets used pencils. While NASA did spend funds to create a pen to work in space, the project was cancelled due to public opposition, and U.S.

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are now widely available at low cost. The technology behind these solar devices—which provide up to 50% more power than conventional solar cells—originated with the efforts of a NASA-sponsored 28-member coalition forming the Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) Alliance.

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Additionally, NASA's inductorless electronic circuit technology led to lower-cost, more rugged, short-range two-way radio now used by firefighters. NASA also helped develop a specialized mask weighing less than 3 ounces (85 g) to protect the physically impaired from injuries to the face and

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Intergraph Government Solutions developed its Video Analyst System (VAS) by building on Video Image Stabilization and Registration (VISAR) technology created by NASA to help FBI agents analyze video footage. Originally used for enhancing video images from nighttime videotapes made with hand-held

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NASA contracted with Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) to develop moisture- and pH-sensitive sensors to warn of corrosive conditions in aircraft before damage occurs. This sensor changes color in response to contact with its target. After completing the work with NASA, IOS was tasked by the U.S.

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Safety grooving, the cutting of grooves in concrete to increase traction and prevent injury, was first developed to reduce aircraft accidents on wet runways. Represented by the International Grooving and Grinding Association, the industry expanded into highway and pedestrian applications. Safety

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Faced with the problem of how and what to feed an astronaut in a sealed capsule under weightless conditions while planning for human spaceflight, NASA enlisted the aid of The Pillsbury Company to address two principal concerns: eliminating crumbs of food that might contaminate the spacecraft's

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NASA's continued funding, coupled with its collective innovations in robotics and shock-absorption/comfort materials are inspiring and enabling the private sector to create new and better solutions for animal and human prostheses. Advancements such as Environmental Robots Inc.'s development of

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Based on a discovery made in the 1990s at the Wisconsin Center for Space Automation and Robotics where researchers, with the help of the Space Product Development Program at Marshall Space Flight Center, were trying to find a way to eliminate ethylene that accumulates around plants growing in

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flare. The Demining Device flare uses a battery-triggered electric match to ignite and neutralize land mines in the field without detonation. The flare uses the solid rocket fuel to burn a hole in a mine's case and burns away the explosive contents so the mine can be disarmed without hazard.

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available. The pump is approximately one-tenth the size of other currently marketed pulsatile VADs. Because of the pump's small size, fewer patients developed device-related infections. It can operate up to 8 hours on batteries, giving patients the mobility to do normal, everyday activities.

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uses gold on its mirrors. NASA partnered with Epner Technology, a Brooklyn-based business that has been gold-plating for generations to develop the technology to gold plate the telescope's parts. This NASA technology transfer to Epner gave the company a reputation for durable gold coatings.

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As the result of a program designed to develop a padding concept to improve crash protection for airplane passengers, Ames Research Center developed what is now called memory foam. Memory foam, or "TEMPUR Foam", has been incorporated into mattresses, pillows, military and civilian aircraft,

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An ultrasonic bolt elongation monitor developed by a NASA scientist for testing tension and high-pressure loads on bolts and fasteners has continued to evolve over the past three decades. Today, the same scientist and Luna Innovations are using a digital adaptation of this same device for

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NASA developed a solid lubricant coating, PS300, which is deposited by thermal spraying to protect foil air bearings. PS300 lowers friction, reduces emissions, and has been used by NASA in advanced aeropropulsion engines, refrigeration compressors, turbochargers, and hybrid electrical

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automobiles and motorcycles, sports safety equipment, amusement park rides and arenas, horseback saddles, archery targets, furniture, and human and animal prostheses. Its high-energy absorption and soft characteristics offer protection and comfort. TEMPUR Foam was inducted into the

207:, similar to the way the temperature of stars and planets are measured. This method avoids contact with mucous membranes and permits rapid temperature measurement of newborn or incapacitated patients. NASA supported the Diatek Corporation through the Technology Affiliates Program. 873:(HACCP) concept to address NASA's second concern. HACCP is designed to prevent food safety problems rather than to catch them after they have occurred. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has applied HACCP guidelines for the handling of seafood, juice, and dairy products. 989:

astronauts used pencils until the Fisher space pen was invented by a third party. However, felt-tipped pens, which do not rely on gravity or pressure, but capillary action, were popularized by NASA, a prominent product being the Flair brand pen, as well as felt markers.

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Additionally, other private-sector adaptations of NASA's temper foam technology have brought about custom-moldable materials offering the natural look and feel of flesh, as well as preventing friction between the skin and the prosthesis, and heat/moisture buildup.

626:, turning them into carbon dioxide and water. This air scrubber also eliminates other airborne organic compounds and neutralized bacteria, viruses, and molds. An air scrubber with light-induced oxidation can clean air, surfaces, and clothes and nearly 30 601:). Fossum found a way to reduce the signal noise that had plagued earlier attempts at CMOS imagers, applying a technique called intra-pixel charge transfer with correlated double sampling that results in a clearer image. This led to the creation of CMOS 2641: 495:

Commercially available infant formulas now contain a nutritional enrichment ingredient that traces its existence to NASA-sponsored research on bread mold as a recycling agent for long-duration space travel. The substance, formulated into the products,

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spacecraft on the Martian surface. Recognizing the durability of the material, Goodyear expanded the technology and went on to produce a new radial tire with a tread life expected to be 10,000 miles (16,000 km) greater than conventional radials.

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The following is a list of technologies sometimes mistakenly attributed directly to NASA. In many cases, NASA popularized technology or aided its development, due to its usefulness in space, which ultimately resulted in the technology's creation.

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was tasked with the job, and developed a computer program to optimize the design of the drill's motor and ensure minimal power consumption. That computer program led to the development of a cordless miniature vacuum cleaner called the DustBuster.

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statues that have faded over time. Epner has contracted with the academy to gold plate all future Oscars while offering a lifetime guarantee to replate, for free, any faded Oscar; its gold plating has lasted for decades in space without fading.

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For space missions, gold is used because it is useful at reflecting light, which helps to detect celestial objects from far away and gold does not oxidize so it will not tarnish, unlike most other metals. Due to both benefits, the

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was demonstrated that could be used for docking spacecraft. LADAR was also used in military and NASA-sponsored research for applications in strategic target tracking and weapons firing control. LASIK technology is used by

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head, as well as flexible, heat-resistant materials—developed to protect the space shuttle on reentry—which are being used both by the military and commercially in suits for municipal and aircraft-rescue firefighters.

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engineers have created thousands of computer programs over the decades equipped to design, test, and analyze stress, vibration, and acoustical properties of a broad assortment of aerospace parts and structures. The

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artificial muscle systems with robotic sensing and actuation capabilities for use in NASA space robotic and extravehicular activities are being adapted in order to create more functionally dynamic artificial limbs.

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Today, one of the benefits of this advancement in food preservation includes simple, nutritious meals available to disabled and otherwise homebound senior adults unable to take advantage of existing meal programs.

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licensed the software and used it to develop self-driving farm equipment. As of 2016, as nearly 70% of North American farmland is cultivated by self-driving tractors, which rely on RTG that was developed at NASA.

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Since 1976, the NASA Technology Transfer Program has connected NASA resources to private industry, referring to the commercial products as spin-offs. Well-known products that NASA claims as spin-offs include

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maintains a searchable database of these technologies. When products first spun off from space research, NASA presented a black and white report in 1973, titled the "Technology Utilization Program Report".

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Center, designed a "weightless weight trainer" that uses elastic resistance. This trainer was launched to the space station in 2000, and a commercial version of the technology launched in 2005 as the

673:, and ultra-filtration processes, this technology can yield safe, drinkable water from the most challenging sources, such as in underdeveloped regions where well water may be heavily contaminated. 2647: 1090: 2669: 67:, Heinlein claimed that four NASA spin-off technologies made the surgery possible, and that they were only a few from a long list of NASA spin-off technologies from space development. 1956: 3088: 282: 162:

is a NASA publication featuring technology made available to the public. Since 1976, NASA has featured an average of 50 technologies each year in the annual publication, and

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NASA information. This free information allowed RTI to develop the WATEX system to successfully locate water sources, such as in 2004 at refugee camps during the

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Initially referred to as "slow spring-back foam", TEMPUR foam matches pressure against it and slowly returns to its original form once the pressure is removed.

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technology comes from the 1980s efforts for autonomous rendezvous and docking of space vehicles to service satellites. Eventually a range and velocity imaging

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In planning for the long-duration Apollo missions, NASA conducted extensive research into space food. One of the techniques developed in 1938 by Nestlé was

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first licensed a NASA technology for scratch-resistant lenses, developed for protecting space equipment from scratching in space, especially helmet visors.

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Another user of RTG is Comtech Telecommunications, which is a major provider of location-based services. This technology is used in cell phones so that

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reduced skin friction drag 24% more than the previous Speedo swimsuit. In March 2008, athletes wearing the LZR Racer broke 13 swimming world records.

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NASA for use on rocket casings. The broadest fire-related technology transfer is the breathing apparatus for protection from smoke inhalation injury.

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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company developed a fibrous material, five times stronger than steel, for NASA to use in parachute shrouds to soft-land the

3572: 538:. In the United States, Action Products later commercialized this technique for other foods, concentrating on snack food resulting in products like 3881: 3614: 968:– The first quartz clock was invented in 1927. However, in the late 1960s, NASA partnered with a company to make a highly accurate quartz clock. 2758: 2753: 178:

describes how NASA works with various industries and small businesses to bring new technology to the public. As of 2016, there were over 1,920

793:. The application delivers real-time satellite data, including movies and stills, of Earth, that enable users to learn about subjects such as 521:

For the Apollo space mission, NASA required a portable, self-contained drill capable of extracting core samples from below the lunar surface.

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was first published in 1976, and since then, NASA has distributed free copies to universities, the media, inventors and the general public.

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light hits titanium dioxide, it frees electrons that turn oxygen and moisture into charged particles that oxidize air contaminants such as

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to track eye movements at a rate of 4,000 times per second while reshaping the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, using a laser.

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developed TPA in conjunction with NASA Advanced Ceramics Research as protection for infrared antennae on heat-seeking missile trackers.

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atmosphere and sensitive instruments, and assuring absolute absence of disease-producing bacteria and toxins. Pillsbury developed the

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in 1961. These were used by NASA and a number of spinoff products came out of those projects such as portable cordless vacuums.

2493: 3656: 3646: 3344: 1187: 324:, developed in 1964 for the space program, are lightweight and reflect infrared radiation. These items are often included in 912:– The barcode was invented in 1948. However, NASA developed a type of barcode label that could endure in space environments. 3849: 2689: 2684: 1053: 698: 2341: 3954: 3512: 3381: 2635: 2605: 2470: 1276: 829:

NASA released a software catalog in 2014 that made over 1,600 pieces of software available to the public at no charge.

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NASA developed a cloud compute platform to give additional computer and storage resources for its engineers, called

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systems for food such as pizza, desserts, and icings following an SBIR grant that began as a NASA-funded project.

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NASA funding under the SBIR program and work with NASA scientists advanced the development of a thermoelectric

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Langley Research Center's wind tunnel testing facilities and fluid flow analysis software supported

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scientist in 1941 and used on frying pans from the 1950s; however, it has been applied by NASA to

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project. OpenStack is used in the cloud-based products from many companies in the cloud market.

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turbogenerators. ADMA Products has found widespread industrial applications for the material.

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image sensors that have become NASA's most ubiquitous spinoff technology, enabling the use of

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Because of interest in the reports, NASA decided to create the annual publications in color.

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in 1959. The impact of NASA was in creating a massive impetus for development in this area.

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in 1957. Tang was used in multiple early space missions, which gave brand awareness to it.

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This ice-free airplane wing uses Thermawing's Aircraft Anti-Icing System, a NASA spin-off.

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NASA engineer Adam Kissiah started working in the mid-1970s on what could become the

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operations to correct a blocked artery. In his testimony, reprinted in his 1980 book

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signal errors, enabling accuracy within inches; it is called Real-Time GIPSY (RTG).

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Further information on the infrared technology for WARP 10 and WARP 75 devices:

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Oil-free coating PS300 (on these bushings) was created by Adma with NASA resources.

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In the 1990s, NASA scientists at JPL developed software capable of correcting for

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This program was support by theorist, Mikkel Juelsgaard Poulsen. The microalgae

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are commercial products and services which have been developed with the help of

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who wanted to miniaturize cameras for interplanetary missions. Fossum invented

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University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign § Discoveries and innovation

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helped bring awareness to the spin-offs when he was asked to appear before

1023:– Velcro is a Swiss invention from the 1940s. Velcro was used during the 909: 756: 297: 42:. The publication has documented more than 2,000 technologies over time. 1027:

to anchor equipment for astronauts; it is still used for convenience in

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology § Discoveries and innovation

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NASA Spinoff Database: Space Age Swimsuit Reduces Drag, Breaks Records

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called translucent polycrystalline alumina (TPA). A company known as

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University of California, Berkeley § Discoveries and innovation

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spacecraft and then found a solution: light-induced oxidation. When

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On July 26, 2011, NASA released the NASA Visualization Explorer

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NASA's microencapsulating technology enabled the creation of "

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Water Security Corporation's Discovery Water Filtration System

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teams now have this scrubber technology in their facilities.

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Carnegie Mellon University § Discoveries and innovation

619: 2087:"GPS Correction Technology Lets Tractors Drive Themselves" 558:'s design of a space age-enriched swimsuit. The resulting 1091:

Technological and industrial history of the United States

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Invention of Integrated Circuits: Untold Important Facts

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and Technology ;no. 96-38. U.S. Congress. 20 July 1979.

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project; this development helps with nuisance tripping.

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Stanford University § Discoveries and innovation

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High Emissivity Aluminiferous Luminescent Substrate

2342:"Texas Instruments – 1961 First IC-based computer" 1550: 643:, which quickly became popular in the gym market. 2017:"Bowflex System Spurs Revolution in Home Fitness" 918:– The first cordless power tool was unveiled by 809:. In July 2010, the Nebula code was released as 57:after recovering from one of the earliest known 1925: 1923: 1895: 1893: 1844: 1842: 1704: 1702: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1648: 1646: 1624: 1622: 1544: 1542: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1408: 1406: 182:products in the database dating back to 1976. 2524: 2230:"NASA releases iPad app for science research" 1970:"CMOS Sensors Enable Phone Cameras, HD Video" 1374:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing. 1332: 1330: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1243: 1241: 1155:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1108:Discoveries and innovation at US universities 954:integrated circuit microchip was invented by 8: 1086:Science and technology in the United States 889:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 871:Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points 3111: 2942: 2903:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services 2813: 2553: 2531: 2517: 2509: 1484:10 NASA Inventions You Might Use Every Day 1275:NASA Spinoff Database (December 5, 2016). 278:'s Space Technology Hall of Fame in 2000. 265:Light-emitting diodes in medical therapies 3797:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images 2480:– relating everyday life to NASA research 1216: 1214: 195:Diatek Corporation and NASA developed an 647:Environmental and agricultural resources 3882:NASA International Space Apps Challenge 2132:Space Foundation, Retrieved 10 May 2017 1503:"How the BeeHex Pizza 3D Printer Works" 1201:"NASA Technology Transfer Portal (T2P)" 1160: 768:Space Technology Hall of Fame in 1988. 513:Space Technology Hall of Fame in 2009. 487:Space Technology Hall of Fame in 1998. 2670:Administrator and Deputy Administrator 3460:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite 2489:NASA Office of the Chief Technologist 1076:Timeline of United States discoveries 609:cameras and many other applications. 79:, firefighting equipment, emergency " 7: 3922: 2216:"NASA Visualization Explorer - Home" 1222:"Spinoff Frequently Asked Questions" 1071:Timeline of United States inventions 1044:One Hubble backup mirror is used by 900:Mistakenly attributed NASA spin-offs 413:Video enhancing and analysis systems 129:Spinoff 1976. A Bicentennial Report. 1024: 2576:National Aeronautics and Space Act 2286:"Gold Coating Keeps Oscars Bright" 1153:from websites or documents of the 725:emergency callers can be located. 585:traces back to NASA JPL scientist 36:Small Business Innovation Research 25: 3530:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 3084:Commercial Lunar Payload Services 308:A sunglasses manufacturer called 274:by the FDA and inducted into the 3921: 3910: 3909: 3825:Apollo 15 postal covers incident 3583:Space Flight Operations Facility 2769:Operations and Checkout Building 1149: This article incorporates 1144: 762:NASA Structural Analysis Program 705:Correcting for GPS signal errors 269:After initial experiments using 75:(originally named temper foam), 3044:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program 1959:NASA, Retrieved 6 December 2016 1081:National Inventors Hall of Fame 292:Invisible braces are a type of 2261:Spinoff 2015 Summary Brochure 891:occasionally needs to replate 605:, which are used today in all 465:Consumer, home, and recreation 1: 1102:Space Technology Hall of Fame 1054:Benefits of space exploration 699:Petroleum Remediation Product 456:Shock absorbers for buildings 3862:Space program on U.S. stamps 3787:Gemini and Apollo medallions 3737:Solar System Family Portrait 3513:Joint Polar Satellite System 3382:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 2636:Vision for Space Exploration 2606:Space Exploration Initiative 751:Structural analysis software 434:Fire-resistant reinforcement 3857:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame 3814:We choose to go to the Moon 3777:Apollo 11 goodwill messages 3335:International Space Station 3315:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 3054:Great Observatories program 2898:International Space Station 2876:Roscosmos State Corporation 2793:Science Mission Directorate 2739:Manned Space Flight Network 1005:– Teflon was invented by a 781:NASA Visualization Explorer 349:Aircraft anti-icing systems 3971: 3950:NASA spin-off technologies 3674:NASA cameras on spacecraft 3485:James Webb Space Telescope 3397:Solar Dynamics Observatory 2618:U.S. National Space Policy 2275:. Retrieved 27 April 2015. 2263:. Retrieved 27 April 2015. 1527:. QZ Magazine. 21 May 2013 926:Magnetic resonance imaging 884:James Webb Space Telescope 624:volatile organic compounds 280: 28:NASA spin-off technologies 3905: 2749:Vehicle Assembly Building 2310:Saxena, Arjun N. (2009). 944:hybrid integrated circuit 934:digital signal processing 772:Remotely controlled ovens 574:used in products such as 517:Portable cordless vacuums 211:Ventricular assist device 191:Infrared ear thermometers 3820:Apollo 8 Genesis reading 3744:The Day the Earth Smiled 3079:Solar Terrestrial Probes 1190:Retrieved August 1, 2019 1017:, and cargo hold liners. 995:– Tang was developed by 813:and NASA partnered with 304:Scratch-resistant lenses 3877:Other primates in space 3589:Deep Space Atomic Clock 3409:Mars Science Laboratory 3197:Spitzer Space Telescope 2786:Lunar Sample Laboratory 2729:Launch Services Program 2368:Computer History Museum 2273:NASA's Software Catalog 1764:"NASA Spinoff Database" 1481:Cristen Conger (2011). 1277:"NASA Spinoff Database" 1175:2027/mdp.39015083085392 960:Fairchild Semiconductor 833:Industrial productivity 380:Langley Research Center 378:grooving originated at 3892:National Astronaut Day 3835:The Astronaut Monument 3657:Space Shuttle missions 3357:Mars Exploration Rover 3340:Hubble Space Telescope 3249:Kepler space telescope 3049:Earth Observing System 3023:Mars Exploration Rover 2734:Mercury Control Center 1386:"Hearing Is Believing" 1151:public domain material 1049: 950:in 1958, and then the 847: 656: 509:was inducted into the 479: 443:Firefighting equipment 358: 156: 144: 132: 3840:Lunar sample displays 3830:Space Mirror Memorial 3772:Voyager Golden Record 3664:United States rockets 2856: (with the 2764:Launch Control Center 2471:NASA spinoff database 1489:Discovery (Curiosity) 1046:Magdalena Observatory 1043: 845: 693:Pollution remediation 654: 628:Major League Baseball 477: 386:Improved radial tires 356: 271:light-emitting diodes 150: 138: 126: 2858:Soviet space program 2776:Johnson Space Center 2744:Kennedy Space Center 2707:spinoff technologies 2484:NASA Benefits to You 2439:on 14 February 2008. 1283:on September 4, 2019 916:Cordless power tools 855:Improved mine safety 603:active pixel sensors 294:transparent ceramics 3955:Corporate spin-offs 3867:Apollo 17 Moon mice 3723:Pillars of Creation 3630:Space Shuttle crews 3108:(human and robotic) 3102:Individual featured 2685:Ranks and positions 2466:back issues archive 1205:technology.nasa.gov 1098:Space Certification 838:Powdered lubricants 746:Computer technology 186:Health and medicine 3669:NASA cancellations 3564:Deep Space Network 3554:Near Earth Network 3039:Living With a Star 3013:Project Prometheus 2993:Planetary Observer 2250:. 2 November 2012. 2236:. CBS Interactive. 1371:NASA space station 1050: 920:Black & Decker 848: 660:Water purification 657: 641:Bowflex Revolution 634:Bowflex Revolution 597:in mobile phones ( 572:CMOS image sensors 550:Space age swimsuit 523:Black & Decker 491:Enriched baby food 480: 399:Chemical detection 359: 199:that measures the 157: 145: 133: 97:CMOS image sensors 51:Robert A. Heinlein 3937: 3936: 3850:stolen or missing 3647:uncrewed missions 3625:Apollo astronauts 3620:Gemini astronauts 3538: 3537: 3322:2001 Mars Odyssey 3097: 3096: 2973:Mars Surveyor '98 2931: 2930: 2874: (with 2807:Human spaceflight 2801: 2800: 2759:Launch Complex 48 2754:Launch Complex 39 2412:"The Write Stuff" 1564:978-0-16-079740-8 1487:. United States: 1188:NASA Spinoff 2019 993:Tang juice powder 948:Texas Instruments 946:was developed by 570:The invention of 566:CMOS image sensor 336:BeeHex developed 332:3D foods printing 240:Cochlear implants 201:thermal radiation 197:aural thermometer 89:cochlear implants 77:freeze-dried food 64:Expanded Universe 45:In 1979, notable 16:(Redirected from 3962: 3925: 3924: 3913: 3912: 3751:Fallen Astronaut 3392:Van Allen Probes 3112: 3018:Mars Exploration 2943: 2814: 2582:Space Task Group 2554: 2533: 2526: 2519: 2510: 2494:NASA STI Program 2441: 2440: 2435:. 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2254: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2225: 2222: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2198:NASA (1998). 2194: 2191: 2183: 2176: 2175: 2166: 2163: 2155: 2148: 2147: 2143:NASA (1986). 2138: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2110: 2104: 2101: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2074: 2070: 2064: 2061: 2053: 2046: 2045: 2041:NASA (1995). 2037: 2034: 2022: 2018: 2012: 2009: 1997: 1993: 1987: 1984: 1971: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1950: 1942: 1935: 1934: 1930:NASA (1994). 1926: 1924: 1920: 1912: 1905: 1904: 1900:NASA (1980). 1896: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1876:NASA (1996). 1872: 1869: 1861: 1854: 1853: 1849:NASA (1988). 1845: 1843: 1839: 1831: 1824: 1823: 1819:NASA (1979). 1815: 1812: 1804: 1797: 1796: 1792:NASA (1977). 1788: 1785: 1774:on 2016-12-03 1773: 1769: 1765: 1759: 1756: 1748: 1741: 1740: 1736:NASA (1982). 1732: 1729: 1721: 1714: 1713: 1709:NASA (1981). 1705: 1703: 1699: 1691: 1684: 1683: 1679:NASA (1978). 1675: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1653:NASA (2006). 1649: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1629:NASA 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Ti.com 2073:NASA/JPL 2026:July 19, 1739:Spin-off 1712:Spin-off 1682:Spin-off 1226:NASA.gov 1036:See also 910:Barcodes 789:for the 757:software 684:silicon 298:Ceradyne 117:Spin-off 55:Congress 40:Spinoffs 3928:Commons 3806:Related 3615:by year 3610:by name 3387:GOES 15 3377:GOES 14 3294:flights 3280:InSight 3236:Cassini 3164:Galileo 3089:SIMPLEx 3064:Voyager 3032:Current 2988:Pioneer 2958:Mariner 2937:Robotic 2918:Artemis 2891:Current 2834:Mercury 2826: ( 2719:NASA TV 2658:General 2557:History 2464:Spinoff 2455:Spinoff 2201:Spinoff 2174:Spinoff 2146:Spinoff 2115:19 July 2044:Spinoff 1933:Spinoff 1903:Spinoff 1879:Spinoff 1852:Spinoff 1822:Spinoff 1795:Spinoff 1656:Spinoff 1632:Spinoff 1608:Spinoff 1581:Spinoff 1553:Spinoff 1450:Spinoff 1416:Spinoff 1340:Spinoff 1310:Spinoff 1251:Spinoff 952:silicon 427:Thiokol 363:deicing 205:eardrum 180:Spinoff 176:Spinoff 172:Spinoff 164:Spinoff 160:Spinoff 49:author 3573:Madrid 3506:Future 3421:NuSTAR 3352:THEMIS 3274:RHESSI 3211:Spirit 3008:Viking 2998:Ranger 2849:Skylab 2844:Apollo 2839:Gemini 2697:Budget 2650:(2009) 2644:(2004) 2638:(2004) 2632:(2003) 2626:(2002) 2624:CFUSAI 2620:(1996) 2614:(1990) 2608:(1989) 2602:(1987) 2596:(1986) 2594:Rogers 2590:(1986) 2584:(1958) 2578:(1958) 2572:(1915) 2548:Policy 2324: 2111:. 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