371:) they had a competing operating system, MACE. This was the Mansfield And Cahlander Executive (from Greg Mansfield and Dave Cahlander, the authors of the system). It had started as an engineering test executive, but eventually developed into a complete operating system — a modularized rewrite and enhancement of the original Chippewa Operating System (COS). While never an official CDC product, a copy was freely given to any customer who asked for one. Many customers did, especially the more advanced ones (like University and research sites).
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382:(NOS). Though many smaller CDC customers continued to use the SCOPE system rather than Kronos. When NOS became the primary Control Data operating system, some customers running mainly batch operations were reluctant to switch to the NOS system, as they saw no benefit for their shop. So the SCOPE system was maintained, and renamed as NOS/BE (Batch Environment), primarily so that CDC Marketing could say that all mainframe customers were using the NOS operating system.
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268:(PPs). "A central processor (CP)... is completely within the power of every PP at all times." One PP, identified as PP0 runs the Monitor Program (MTR) "that oversees or controls all other activities." PP9 is assigned to control the system console typewriter and displays. The other PPs perform input/output functions as directed by MTR.
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machines. The SCOPE operating system is a file-oriented system using mass storage, random access devices. It was designed to make use of all capabilities of CDC 6000 computer systems and exploits fully the multiple-operating modes of all segments of the computer. Main tasks of SCOPE are controlling
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job execution, storage assignment, performing segment and overlay loading. Its features include comprehensive input/output functions and library maintenance routines. The operating system chronologically records all jobs run and any problems encountered. To aid debugging,
279:(CMR) "is reserved for various system tables accessible by the PPs.” Part of this CMR is a communications area for each PP. Each communications area contains an "input register" and an "output register", followed by a message buffer.
378:, it considered both the current SCOPE system and the unofficial MACE alternative. They chose to abandon the SCOPE system and base Kronos on the MACE software. Eventually, Kronos was replaced by the new
363:, about 2,000 miles from the CDC hardware division. It was considered by them a buggy and inefficient piece of software, though not much different than many operating systems of the era. At the CDC
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351:, and customers were often large government agencies and research facilities. Most of these had specialized requirements, and often wrote their own software.
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570:"FIGRO (addendum II): a CDC-6600 computer program for the analysis of fuel swelling and calculation of temperature in bulk-oxide cylindrical fuel elements"
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The computer emulation community has made repeated attempts to recover and preserve CDC software. It is now running under a CDC CYBER and 6000 series
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As of SCOPE 3.3 a number of programming language compilers and utilities were supported. Major languages were
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CDC 6000 series SCOPE 3.1 building itself while running on
Desktop CYBER emulator
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Control Data® 6400/6500/6600 Computer
Systems SCOPE 3.1 Reference Manual
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When
Control Data decided to write its next operating system
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operating system capable of running up to eight jobs, called
135:(Supervisory Control of Program Execution) is a series of
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NCAR COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS LAB CISL.
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A portion of the central processor's memory (called
232:. In the early 1970s, it was renamed NOS/BE for the
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
328:, CSSL 3 (Continuous System Simulation Language),
228:This operating system was based on the original
27:1960s Control Data Corporation operating systems
367:laboratories (where they referred to SCOPE as
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369:Sunnyvale's Collection Of Programming Errors
288:, all PP's are loaded with system code from
359:SCOPE was written by a programming team in
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
568:Goldberg, I.; Lynn, L. L. (April 1970).
498:National Center for Atmospheric Research
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430:
428:
426:
424:
632:"System of Ship-Shielding Codes INRADS"
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7:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
464:Control Data Corporation (1975).
437:Control Data Corporation (1968).
1085:Object-oriented operating system
723:
184:
34:
45:needs additional citations for
1501:Discontinued operating systems
1095:Supercomputer operating system
519:"The CDC 6600 arrives at CERN"
1:
216:SCOPE for the CDC 6000 series
177:SCOPE for the CDC 3000 series
1070:Just enough operating system
1055:Distributed operating system
347:CDC systems were considered
1183:User space and kernel space
660:CDC 6000/70/170 Family Tree
544:"Catalog Search - CDC 6600"
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1090:Real-time operating system
168:SCOPE and SCOPE-2 for the
1286:Multilevel feedback queue
1281:Fixed-priority preemptive
1065:Hobbyist operating system
1060:Embedded operating system
866:Chippewa Operating System
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264:SCOPE runs on the 6x00's
230:Chippewa Operating System
1329:General protection fault
1080:Network operating system
1034:User features comparison
696:Control Data Corporation
380:Network Operating System
324:). Other languages were
145:developed in the 1960s.
137:Control Data Corporation
1075:Mobile operating system
916:PLATO (computer system)
548:Computer History Museum
277:Central Memory Resident
1178:Loadable kernel module
604:"Software Development"
365:Arden Hills, Minnesota
225:
193:This section is empty.
1246:Process control block
1212:Computer multitasking
1050:Disk operating system
911:Storage Module Device
361:Sunnyvale, California
282:When the computer is
266:peripheral processors
223:
1417:Virtual tape library
1009:Forensic engineering
925:Affiliated companies
54:improve this article
1426:Supporting concepts
1412:Virtual file system
1349:Segmentation fault
1197:Process management
473:. pp. 151–152
467:Literature Catalog
344:, and SORT/MERGE.
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1339:Memory protection
1310:Memory management
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1296:Shortest job next
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386:Current status
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161:SCOPE for the
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800:CDC Cyber 200
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290:magnetic tape
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1369:file systems
1261:Time-sharing
927:and products
887:
795:CDC STAR-100
715:Seymour Cray
639:. Retrieved
635:
626:
614:. Retrieved
610:
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585:. Retrieved
573:
563:
551:. Retrieved
547:
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526:. Retrieved
522:
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501:. Retrieved
497:
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475:. Retrieved
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447:. Retrieved
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201:
197:adding to it
192:
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1387:Device file
1377:Boot loader
1291:Round-robin
1216:Cooperative
1152:Rump kernel
1142:Multikernel
1132:Microkernel
1029:Usage share
934:ETA Systems
835:Languages:
355:Competition
285:deadstarted
253:SCOPE is a
249:Description
243:memory maps
69:"CDC SCOPE"
1490:Categories
1317:protection
1273:algorithms
1271:Scheduling
1220:Preemptive
1166:Components
1137:Monolithic
1004:Comparison
871:CDC Kronos
703:Key people
494:"CDC 6600"
415:References
404:CDC Kronos
204:March 2023
110:March 2023
80:newspapers
1407:Partition
1324:Bus error
1251:Real-time
1231:Interrupt
1157:Unikernel
1122:Exokernel
948:Cray Inc.
888:CDC SCOPE
813:CDC Cyber
733:Computers
641:March 28,
616:March 28,
602:Ball, D.
587:March 28,
553:March 28,
528:March 28,
503:March 28,
477:March 28,
449:March 28,
334:SIMSCRIPT
322:assembler
234:CDC Cyber
172:/Cyber-76
1453:Live USB
1315:resource
1205:Concepts
1043:Variants
1024:Timeline
906:CDC Wren
822:Software
777:CDC 8600
772:CDC 7600
765:CDC 6600
750:CDC 1700
740:CDC 1604
574:OSTI.gov
398:See also
392:emulator
296:Software
170:CDC 7600
163:CDC 6000
156:CDC 3000
149:Variants
1448:Live CD
1402:Journal
1366:access,
1364:Storage
1241:Process
1147:vkernel
1014:History
997:General
839:COMPASS
582:6720614
318:COMPASS
310:FORTRAN
94:scholar
1256:Thread
1127:Hybrid
1105:Kernel
881:NOS/VE
787:Vector
580:
376:Kronos
338:SIMULA
336:, and
330:JOVIAL
316:, and
165:series
158:series
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
18:NOS/BE
1458:Shell
1397:Inode
939:ETA10
854:MIMIC
849:Cybil
844:SYMPL
607:(PDF)
471:(PDF)
444:(PDF)
314:COBOL
306:BASIC
302:ALGOL
239:dumps
140:batch
133:SCOPE
101:JSTOR
87:books
1019:List
862:OS:
643:2023
636:DTIC
618:2023
611:CERN
589:2023
578:OSTI
555:2023
530:2023
523:CERN
505:2023
479:2023
451:2023
342:PERT
241:and
73:news
1475:PXE
1463:CLI
1443:HAL
1433:API
1236:IPC
876:NOS
829:026
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