433:. This change of tact gave the Wanga Kingdom an upper hand in the military's invasion against insurgents but never solved the repeated threat of insurgents of the kingdom until the gazettement of administrative region of leadership which he was appointed paramount chief during the inquest of the British. The Anglo-Arab collaboration still did not alleviate military pressure of the Wanga Kingdom especially because of repeated conflicts on matters of territorial boundaries against the Luo-ugenya, failed conquests of additional lands and territories within the Luo-ugenya lands.
569:, Kenya's first president initiated contact in the talk of decolonization, Nabongo Mumia described the talks as premature and did not support Jomo Kenyatta. Because Mumia was illiterate, he failed to realize the progress experienced in the kingdom was short lived and there was need to evolve. In later years, this cost the Wanga Kingdom political relevance and economic development, because the Wanga Kingdom and regions that were peopled by the Wanga Kingdom remained underdeveloped and were not involved in major political developments such as
491:
appointed paramount chief in a gazetted appointment that legitimately made chiefs of different regions that previously repeatedly resisted Wanga kingdom leadership eventually submit to him. Previous failed military conquests of the Wanga
Kingdom of lands and communities that previously aggressively threatened the stability and supremacy of the kingdom now were forced to report to him. Some of the chiefs that were appointed and reported to him included: Chief Chabasinga who managed
538:, communities that were conquered and larger Kenya to this day. Because of his intelligence he had managed to win century-old military wars without any bloodshed despite the fact that he was illiterate. Between 1913 and 1926, the Wanga Kingdom experienced exponential growth of its economy. It was during this time that Nabongo Mumia became the first ever Luhya to own a vehicle and a motor cycle. During this time when the American
36:
562:
still thought that he exercised authority in regions regazetted out of his region. Although he still had personal influence before and after the regazettement, he did not utilize it for political relevance. This inability to distinguish technicalities of his personal influence and that of the kingdom eventually led to the loss of political relevance of the Wanga
Kingdom.
868:
354:
of Kenya today. This regazetement led to the eventual loss of political relevance of the Wanga
Kingdom, although Nabongo Mumia remained a powerful and influential figure until his death in 1949. His prominence, power and influence was evident in during his burial in 1949 when high-ranking members of
490:
Nabongo Mumia used foresight and intelligence in initiating relations with the
British and accepting to collaborate with the British many years before other communities in Kenya had an interaction with foreigners or participated in international trade. This foresight eventually paid off when he was
561:
Because
Nabongo Mumia was illiterate, he failed to lead the kingdom in making changes and adapting to new political developments in regard to technicalities of the administration. For instance when the British regazetted the geographical region previously under Nabongo Mumia as paramount chief, he
553:
management, they retired him and regazetted his administrative region of management. The colonial administration continued to pay his salary until his death. At the time
Nabongo Mumia received a monthly salary of sh250 that amounts to US$ 7000 monthly pension (in 2020 dollars; inflation-adjusted).
383:
He grew up as an ordinary Wanga child participating in domestic animal herding, farming, hunting and gathering and his most notable achievement was killing a lion and leopard by the time he was 18 years old. His physique of being thin, having a deep voice and his shyness towards strangers made his
391:
Nabongo Mumia's mother Queen
Wamanya supported Nabongo Mumia's quest of inheritance of the kingdom and even manoeuvered against other members of the family who were in line to the throne in lieu for Nabongo Mumia. This made Nabongo Mumia King by circumstance as opposed to the tradition of kingdom
417:
began dealing and had traded with the Wanga
Kingdom since early 19th century. It was not until the change of leadership at the Wanga Kingdom, at the beginning of the reign of Nabongo Mumia, that the Wanga Kingdom began to employ the Arabs and Swahili traders in fighting enemies of the kingdom
467:
He was appointed heir on the eve of his father's death. Mumia occupied a prominent place in
British colonial administration from 1908 to 1926 and was recognised as the Paramount Chief. He ruled the Kingdom for 67 years from 1882 to 1949 in one of the longest reigns in African history.
475:
history before the advent of
British colonialism. When the British arrived in Western Kenya in 1883, they found the Wanga Kingdom as the only organised state with a centralised hereditary monarch in the whole of what later came to be known as Kenya. Mumia had heard stories that the
612:
Mumia's royal background caused a dilemma to the colonial officers. He was “retired” by the colonial authorities in 1926, but maintained influence until his death on April 24, 1949. He left behind multiple descendants including 109 sons, 60 daughters and 400 grandchildren.
588:
years later when he moved to England with similar concerns and fears, but eventually persuasively achieved diplomatic agreements that contributed in him being later the first president of Kenya at independence.
380:
Nabongo Mumia was born into the abashitstes, one of the 22 clans that comprises the Wanga tribe. The abashitse is the clan that formed the royal lineage that produced the Nabongos (Wanga Kings).
303:
who were also enemies of the Wanga kingdom because of their repeated insurgents against the kingdom. This constant insurgents and military attacks led Nabongo Mumia to collaborate with the
820:
592:
Despite cognisance of his floundering influence and that of the Wanga Kingdom, Nabongo Mumia remained fiercely loyal to the colonial administration until his death.
392:
inheritance based on clan members who are in line of succession. The king then had a total of 13 wives and 18 sons who all had equal chances of becoming king.
400:
Nabongo Mumia married multiple wives. Polygamy was largely practised by the Wanga Kingdom to ensure stability with other communities through inter-marriage.
904:
388:
repeatedly loath him for being an unlikely candidate for the Nabongoship (kingship). Nevertheless, his father eventually appointed him heir reluctantly.
930:
889:
793:
601:
584:, but he refused to travel to England under the advice of the Arabs who cautioned that he was likely to be captured. An action that was repeated by
264:
prominent for being a centralised, highly organised kingdom and the most advanced form of government in terms of politics, economy and military in
948:
666:
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who made him a paramount chief of an expansive region of East Africa with various chiefs reporting to him such as Chief Chabasinga who managed
830:
847:
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were beginning to get concerned about Nabongo Mumia's influence on their conflicting interests with their leadership direction about the
966:
452:
750:
708:
635:
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The Arabs were in search for land to hunt for game and slaves. Nabongo Mumia changed strategy from that employed by previous
283:
He is regarded as the greatest ruler of the Wanga Kingdom for his management of the British colonial transition leading to
558:, and his individual economic might was non-comparable to many in East Africa while supporting a huge polygamous family.
1033:
1023:
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and the larger Wanga community had Islamic regalia and demeanour. Nabongo Mumia became a Muslim and died a Muslim.
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was expanding its products around the world, its first products were sold in the Wanga Kingdom in East Africa.
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Nabongo Mumia was born a prince between 1849 and 1852. His parents were Nabongo Shiundu Wamukoya and Wamanya.
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295:. This slave trade between the Arab and the Wanga led to capturing of non-Wanga tribes into slavery such as
249:
83:
71:
23:
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1038:
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Nabongo Mumia had completely annihilated military and territorial threats against the Wanga Kingdom. This
133:
95:
1048:
1053:
1028:
890:"BETHUEL ODUO - Not My Brother's Keeper: Forces That Have Kept the Luyia People Apart | The Elephant"
873:
825:
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725:
288:
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338:. Nabongo Mumia's gazetement as a paramount chief in 1913 legitimized his rule as a king of the
704:
987:
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When Mumia died in 1949, major high-ranking members of the colonial administration such as
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by employing Arabs directly in the military wars against neighboring communities of
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at a time when the Wanga Kingdom was under extreme military pressure from the
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These repeated interactions with the Arab later made the Wanga predominantly
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The Wanga Kingdom was the most highly developed and centralised kingdom in
1003:
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Another chance at political relevance was wasted during the coronation of
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177:
949:"Why Mzee Jomo Kenyatta left his white wife in UK when he returned home"
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regazetted his region of management to North kavirondo equivalent to
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by directly participating in fighting enemies of the Wanga Kingdom.
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in their quest to seek assistance in imposition of colonial rule.
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199:
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of an expansive region of Kenya and Uganda at the beginning of
967:"Secrets of Jomo Kenyatta in London from British intelligence"
504:
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leading the Wanga Kingdom at a time of its peak influence in
821:"King without powers out to reclaim kingdom - The Standard"
988:"Some Observations on Jomo Kenyatta in Britain. 1929-1930"
905:"Just like the king and the empire Mumias will rise again"
667:"King Mumia's plan to reclaim past glory of Wanga Kingdom"
573:, and subsequent political formations after independence.
287:
in the 20th century. He led a kingdom that was famous for
455:
met Nabongo Mumia, he observed that he spoke pretty good
869:"Did you know who the first Luhya to own a bicycle was?"
322:
At the time the Wanga Kingdom extended from present day
931:"How crafty traders played tricks on Wanga great chief"
703:. East African Educational Publishers. pp. 59–62.
16:
Leader of Wanga kingdom and official in colonial kenya
998:(22) (Volume VI ed.). Mouton & CO: 308–329.
848:"Organised Wanga kingdom aided the British and Arabs"
700:
Historical Studies and Social Change in Western Kenya
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436:The Arabs were able to capture slaves from the
155:Paramount Chief of North Kavirondo district of
636:"Nabongo Mumia: The Story of The Wanga Noble"
8:
554:This was at a time when poverty levels were
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751:"How Nabongo Mumia went from king to chief"
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409:Arab-Wanga trade & military insurgents
34:
18:
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726:"Meet Luo chief who jailed a colonialist"
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169:19 October 1926 – 24 April 1949
90:Paramount Chief of Sub-district No.1 of
697:Were, Gideon; Ochieng, William (2002).
661:
659:
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655:
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622:
108:05 June 1909 – 19 October 1926
745:
743:
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534:made Nabongo Mumia a legend among the
334:with the main ruling town present day
7:
929:Kareithi, Amos (23 September 2021).
874:Standard Entertainment and Lifestyle
794:"The Rise and Fall of Nabongo Mumia"
503:and chief Odera Akang'o who managed
315:and chief Odera Akang'o who managed
128:(position created by gazettement of
61:01 May 1882 – 24 April 1949
14:
819:Kisia, Allan (4 December 2008).
903:Kareithi, Amos (11 June 2021).
888:Oduo, Bethuel (14 March 2019).
724:Otieno, Curtis (20 June 2018).
580:. Nabongo Mumia was invited to
478:British colonial administration
463:Collaboration with the British
311:, Lenan Tenai who managed the
274:British imposition of colonial
1:
953:Diaspora Messenger News Media
256:, a pre-colonial kingdom in
252:who became 17th King of the
992:Cahiers d'Études Africaines
348:British colonial government
285:British occupation in Kenya
1070:
289:trade with Arabs in slaves
644:Google Arts & Culture
640:Google Arts & Culture
507:among others who managed
499:Busonga, Lenan Tenai of
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183:
162:
101:
54:
42:
33:
146:(position regazatted by
130:East Africa Protectorate
92:East Africa Protectorate
551:colonial administration
248:(c. 1849 – 1949) was a
565:Another instance when
134:Protectorate of Uganda
96:Protectorate of Uganda
1004:10.3406/cea.1966.3068
246:Nabongo Mumia Shiundu
28:Nabongo Mumia Shiundu
826:The Standard (Kenya)
756:The Standard (Kenya)
604:were in attendance.
451:. Around 1890, when
359:were in attendance.
1034:19th-century births
1024:Kenyan Luhya people
892:. theelephant.info.
357:colonial government
986:Beck, Ann (1966).
975:. 2 December 2017.
545:By 1926, when the
540:Singer Corporation
268:. He later became
266:pre-colonial Kenya
234:pre-colonial Kenya
856:. 11 August 2013.
759:. 9 October 2011.
376:Abashitsetse clan
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198:in what is today
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485:paramount chiefs
386:Nabongo Wamukoya
346:. In 1926, the
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188:Personal details
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955:. 10 June 2020.
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344:paramount chief
326:to present day
270:paramount chief
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84:Nabongo Shitawa
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72:Nabongo Shiundu
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833:on 2020-09-06.
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799:. Abeingo.com.
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1049:Kenya Colony
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972:Daily Nation
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943:
935:The Standard
934:
924:
912:. Retrieved
909:The Standard
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853:Daily Nation
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831:the original
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730:hivisasa.com
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672:Daily Nation
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211:(1949-04-24)
164:
157:Kenya Colony
148:Kenya Colony
142:Succeeded by
103:
79:Succeeded by
56:
1054:Colonialism
1029:1949 deaths
608:Descendants
578:King Edward
556:exacerbated
519:, Butsoso,
495:region of
423:Wanga kings
278:East Africa
124:Preceded by
67:Preceded by
1018:Categories
914:27 October
617:References
505:Luo Nyanza
480:appointed
427:Luo-Nyanza
418:directly.
368:Early life
317:Luo Nyanza
297:Luo-Nyanza
293:Luo-Nyanza
218:Occupation
117:Edward VII
363:Biography
229:Known for
165:In office
104:In office
57:In office
509:Maragoli
482:colonial
328:Naivasha
276:rule in
221:king of
178:George V
47:King of
582:England
547:British
536:Abaluya
532:victory
457:Swahili
384:father
305:British
196:c. 1849
174:Monarch
113:Monarch
24:Nabongo
707:
521:Kabras
513:Bukusu
501:Maasai
493:Uganda
473:Kenyan
442:Bukusu
431:Bukusu
336:Mumias
313:Maasai
301:Bukusu
262:Uganda
250:prince
797:(PDF)
596:Death
525:Busia
497:Jinja
449:Islam
415:Arabs
404:Reign
340:Wanga
332:Kenya
258:Kenya
200:Kenya
916:2021
705:ISBN
517:Kisa
440:and
429:and
413:The
355:the
342:and
299:and
260:and
206:Died
193:Born
132:and
94:and
1000:doi
438:Luo
1020::
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