191:
340:(269 days from the date of ovulation) for mothers with at least one previous pregnancy was found by a 1990 study of 114 white, private-care patients with uncomplicated pregnancies and spontaneous labor. The authors suggest that excluding pregnancies involving complications (that often lead to pre-term deliveries) accounts for the longer periods.
357:, age, and race, all which have been found to be important variables determining the length of human gestation. Multiparous women, women aged less than 19 or more than 34 years, and black women have been found to have shorter gestations than primiparous women, women aged 19 to 34 years, or white women.
231:
when assuming a gestational age of 280 days at childbirth. The rule estimates the expected date of delivery (EDD) by adding a year, subtracting three months, and adding seven days to the origin of gestational age. The result is approximately 280 days (40 weeks) from the start of the last menstrual
68:
is a traditional term referring to the period of pregnancy when an upper-class, noble, or royal woman would withdraw from society in medieval and Tudor times and be confined to their rooms with midwives, ladies-in-waiting and female family members only to attend them. This was believed to calm the
275:
280 days past the start of the last menstrual period is found by checking the day of the week of the LMP and adjusting the calculated date to land on the same day of the week. Using the example above, 8 May 2020 is a Friday. The calculated date (15 February) is a Monday; adjusting to the closest
203:
Given that these gestation lengths are only estimates of an average, it is helpful to consider gestation time as a range of dates rather than as a single "due date". The median is merely a guideline for the day at which half of all births occur earlier, and half of all births occur later. Births
181:
Childbirth on average occurs at a gestational age of 280 days (40 weeks), which is therefore often used as a standard estimation for individual pregnancies. However, alternative durations as well as more individualized methods have also been suggested. There is in any case considerable variation
151:
of pregnancies of known gestational age (such as calculated from last menstrual periods), and using the mean gestational age of other embryos or fetuses of the same size. If the gestational age as calculated from an early ultrasound is contradictory to the one calculated directly from the last
108:
Adding the estimated gestational age at childbirth to the above time point. Childbirth on average occurs at a gestational age of 280 days (40 weeks), which is therefore often used as a standard estimation for individual pregnancies. However, alternative durations as well as more individualized
516:
513:
198:
is estimated by first trimester ultrasound and directly by last menstrual period. About 80% of childbirths occur between 37 and 41 weeks of gestational age, with a somewhat more narrow span when based on first trimester
276:
Friday produces 12 February, which is exactly 280 days past 8 May. The calculation method does not always result in 280 days because not all calendar months are the same length; it does not account for leap years.
243:
who devised the rule. Naegele was born July 12, 1778, in Düsseldorf, Germany. In 1806, Naegele became ordinary professor and director of the lying-in hospital in
Heidelberg. His
524:
125:
539:"Gestational age in pregnancies conceived after in vitro fertilization: A comparison between age assessed from oocyte retrieval, crown-rump length and biparietal diameter"
833:
837:
1651:
578:
1620:
329:
after LMP was recommended for cases where LMP is the only known factor, in a study of 17,450 patients combining LMP and ultrasound measurement techniques.
643:; Hartmann, Katherine E. (2008). "Comparison of gestational age at birth based on last menstrual period and ultrasound during the first trimester".
93:(LMP) or the corresponding time as estimated by a more accurate method if available. Such methods include adding 14 days to a known duration since
414:
1816:
1746:
1321:
387:
216:
of 14 days when gestational age is estimated by first trimester ultrasound, and 16 days when estimated directly by last menstrual period.
1920:
1088:
1786:
1821:
1686:
929:"Evaluation of ultrasound-estimated date of delivery in 17,450 spontaneous singleton births: do we need to modify Naegele's rule?"
2043:
1925:
1625:
1150:
1977:
1691:
1741:
170:
Ultrasound measurement in the first trimester is generally considered to be the most accurate way to measure gestational age.
323:
for all others were the medians found by a 1995 American study of 1,970 spontaneous births. Standard deviation was 7–9 days.
790:
Bergsjø P, Denman DW 3rd, Hoffman HJ, Meirik O. (1990). "Duration of human singleton pregnancy. A population-based study".
57:. Normal pregnancies last between 38 and 42 weeks. Children are delivered on their expected due date about 4% of the time.
1766:
1673:
1175:
1771:
1731:
1230:
735:
291:, while pregnancy wheels made of paper can differ from each other by 7 days and generally do not correct for leap year.
195:
86:
465:
1600:
1411:
190:
1384:
1806:
1643:
1401:
1326:
1296:
350:
1856:
1468:
1208:
1132:
102:
2033:
1218:
999:
Mittendorf R, Williams MA, Berkey CS, Lieberman E, Monson RR (1993). "Predictors of human gestational length".
880:"The length of human pregnancy as calculated by ultrasonographic measurement of the fetal biparietal diameter"
2053:
1791:
1656:
1394:
1155:
1122:
1081:
487:
303:
for both ultrasound-estimated and LMP-estimated gestational age in a US study of 1867 singleton live births.
152:
menstrual period, it is still the one from the early ultrasound that is used for the rest of the pregnancy.
1910:
1726:
1291:
1170:
156:
98:
1905:
1761:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1530:
1483:
1478:
1446:
1266:
827:
69:
mother and reduce the risk of premature delivery. "Lying-in" or bedrest is no longer a standard part of
418:
232:
period. Another method is by adding 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period.
2012:
1951:
1811:
1668:
1592:
1500:
1490:
1286:
1187:
1165:
136:
1055:
2038:
1915:
1826:
1781:
1681:
1540:
1458:
1441:
1406:
1261:
1182:
1142:
94:
1052:- Versatile pregnancy calculator that can be used offline. Available as a web app and Android app.
2058:
2048:
1801:
1696:
1661:
1520:
1369:
1281:
1246:
1127:
1074:
909:
815:
310:
213:
1043:
374:
253:
Date of Last
Menstrual Period + 7 Days + 9 Calendar Months = Date of Estimated Date of Delivery
212:
due dates. A study of singleton live births in the US came to the result that childbirth has a
1880:
1756:
1495:
1436:
1276:
1256:
1251:
1016:
981:
950:
901:
860:
807:
772:
712:
668:
660:
611:
560:
391:
313:
of 13 days, was the result of a population-based study of 427,581 singleton births in Sweden.
1851:
1463:
1336:
1331:
1225:
1008:
940:
891:
799:
764:
652:
550:
354:
160:
90:
1037:
194:
Distribution of gestational age at childbirth among singleton live births, given both when
1900:
1615:
1510:
1379:
1271:
1160:
1109:
520:
148:
119:
945:
928:
896:
879:
755:
Chambliss LR, Clark SL (2014). "Paper gestational age wheels are generally inaccurate".
1946:
1861:
1567:
1515:
1213:
640:
514:
Obstetric Data
Definitions Issues and Rationale for Change - Gestational Age & Term
969:
287:
essentially always give consistent estimations compared to each other and correct for
2027:
1956:
1846:
1635:
1610:
1362:
1203:
1117:
1012:
656:
555:
538:
236:
164:
913:
819:
1992:
1572:
1525:
1473:
1431:
250:
Here's the formula to calculate your
Estimated Due Date using Naegele's rule :
240:
140:
17:
65:
1982:
1577:
1535:
1453:
768:
704:
603:
1987:
1505:
1427:
1306:
1101:
803:
686:
284:
132:
Directly calculating the days since the beginning of the last menstrual period
664:
440:
1097:
691:
639:
Hoffman, Caroline S.; Messer, Lynne C.; Mendola, Pauline; Savitz, David A.;
537:
Tunon, K.; Eik-Nes, S. H.; Grøttum, P.; Von Düring, V.; Kahn, J. A. (2000).
288:
228:
70:
51:
1066:
954:
864:
776:
716:
672:
615:
564:
1020:
985:
905:
811:
1866:
1582:
1389:
1895:
1357:
1352:
247:, published in 1830 for midwives, enjoyed a successful 14 editions.
1961:
1941:
1605:
1374:
144:
85:
Determination of which time point is to be used as the origin for
54:
336:(274 days from the date of ovulation) for first-time mothers and
1070:
878:
H. Kieler; O. Axelsson; S. Nilsson; U. Waldenströ (1995).
353:
models have also been developed that account for maternal
50:, is a term describing the estimated delivery date for a
27:
Date on which a pregnant woman is estimated to give birth
968:
Mittendorf R, Williams MA, Berkey CS, Cotter PF (1990).
1049:
128:, the main methods to calculate gestational age are:
525:
American
Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
227:
is a standard way of calculating the due date for a
2005:
1970:
1934:
1888:
1879:
1839:
1634:
1591:
1560:
1553:
1420:
1345:
1314:
1305:
1239:
1196:
1141:
1108:
388:"Definition of Estimated date of confinement (EDC)"
126:
American
College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
89:. This starting point is the woman's last normal
81:Due date estimation basically follows two steps:
927:Nguyen T, Larsen T, Engholm G, Møller H (1999).
417:. www.transitiontoparenthood.com. Archived from
711:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
610:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
523:from Patient Safety and Quality Improvement at
634:
632:
630:
1082:
1001:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
970:"The length of uncomplicated human gestation"
602:Morgan, John A.; Cooper, Danielle B. (2021),
8:
832:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
375:A Concise Guide to the Employment Ordinance
177:Estimation of gestational age at childbirth
1885:
1557:
1311:
1089:
1075:
1067:
1044:Pregnancy Calendar and Due Date Calculator
836:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
509:
507:
944:
895:
884:Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
851:Gray, H (1962). "Duration of pregnancy".
554:
377:. Labour Department, Hong Kong Government
703:Edwards, Kenia I.; Itzhak, Petr (2020),
466:"Childbirth in Medieval and Tudor Times"
189:
543:Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
367:
825:
645:Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
579:"Methods for Estimating the Due Date"
319:after LMP for first-time mothers and
7:
1921:Psychiatric disorders of childbirth
946:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1999.14010023.x
897:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1995.06050353.x
468:. The Tudor Society. 27 August 2015
208:a due date, but they are clustered
390:. MedicineNet, Inc. Archived from
25:
1046:at American Pregnancy Association
109:methods have also been suggested.
1926:Postpartum physiological changes
1626:Postpartum physiological changes
1151:Assisted reproductive technology
657:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00965.x
556:10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00004.x
415:"How accurate is your Due Date?"
1978:Adaptation to extrauterine life
441:"How accurate are 'due dates'?"
1621:Maternal physiological changes
1050:OB Wheel: Pregnancy Calculator
235:Naegele's rule is named after
182:among individual pregnancies.
1:
1176:partner-assisted reproduction
1038:Pregnancy Due Date Calculator
114:Estimation of gestational age
1013:10.1016/0002-9378(93)90476-Y
705:"Estimated Date of Delivery"
40:expected date of confinement
1412:Traditional birth attendant
268:−3 months = 8 February 2021
139:, comparing the size of an
2075:
1644:Brain health and pollution
1058:at www.medicacenterfem.com
769:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.09.013
351:Multiple linear regression
271:+7 days = 15 February 2021
117:
32:estimated date of delivery
1857:Chorionic villus sampling
1209:Obstetric ultrasonography
1133:Pre-conception counseling
933:Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol
853:Stanford Medical Bulletin
804:10.3109/00016349009028681
792:Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
295:Other suggested durations
245:Lehrbuch der Geburtshilfe
159:, calculating days since
103:obstetric ultrasonography
1747:Intrahepatic cholestasis
736:"Calculating a Due Date"
527:. Created November 2012.
413:Durham, Janelle (2004).
2044:Medical ultrasonography
1817:Motor vehicle emissions
1678:Concomitant conditions
1652:environmental toxicants
1395:Auxiliary nurse midwife
1156:artificial insemination
1123:Natural family planning
687:Evaluation of Gestation
1911:Postpartum confinement
1171:in vitro fertilisation
757:Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol
200:
157:in vitro fertilization
99:in vitro fertilization
1906:Postpartum depression
1787:Pruritic folliculitis
1531:Unassisted childbirth
193:
2013:Gravidity and parity
1993:Congenital disorders
1952:Lactation consultant
1822:Pre-existing disease
1501:Childbirth positions
1491:Rupture of membranes
1188:Unintended pregnancy
1166:fertility medication
1056:Pregnancy Calculator
492:www.marchofdimes.org
488:"What is full-term?"
265:+1 year = 8 May 2021
219:
137:obstetric ultrasound
1916:Sex after pregnancy
1723:Endocrine diseases
1669:Prenatal depression
1541:Placental expulsion
1459:Uterine contraction
1442:cervical effacement
1183:Fertility awareness
421:on 24 December 2010
167:and adding 14 days.
97:(as is possible in
61:Origins of the term
18:Naegele's rule
1692:Hypercoagulability
1521:Natural childbirth
1370:Postterm pregnancy
1128:Male contraceptive
604:"Pregnancy Dating"
519:2013-11-06 at the
311:standard deviation
237:Franz Karl Naegele
214:standard deviation
201:
77:Estimation methods
44:estimated due date
2021:
2020:
2006:Obstetric history
2001:
2000:
1962:Confinement nanny
1875:
1874:
1742:Acute fatty liver
1549:
1548:
1437:cervical dilation
1040:at BabyCenter.com
394:on 11 August 2020
309:after LMP with a
261:LMP = 8 May 2020
38:), also known as
16:(Redirected from
2066:
1886:
1852:Cardiotocography
1558:
1464:Vaginal delivery
1337:Nesting instinct
1312:
1297:Rudimentary horn
1226:Prenatal testing
1091:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1025:
1024:
996:
990:
989:
965:
959:
958:
948:
924:
918:
917:
899:
875:
869:
868:
848:
842:
841:
831:
823:
787:
781:
780:
752:
746:
745:
743:
742:
732:
726:
725:
724:
723:
700:
694:
683:
677:
676:
636:
625:
624:
623:
622:
599:
593:
592:
590:
589:
575:
569:
568:
558:
534:
528:
511:
502:
501:
499:
498:
484:
478:
477:
475:
473:
462:
456:
455:
453:
452:
437:
431:
430:
428:
426:
410:
404:
403:
401:
399:
384:
378:
372:
161:oocyte retrieval
91:menstrual period
21:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2034:Human pregnancy
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
1997:
1966:
1930:
1901:Postpartum care
1871:
1835:
1738:Liver diseases
1732:Thyroid disease
1630:
1616:Gestational age
1587:
1545:
1511:Labor induction
1416:
1407:Perinatal nurse
1380:Birth attendant
1341:
1301:
1235:
1231:Medical imaging
1192:
1161:fertility fraud
1137:
1104:
1095:
1065:
1034:
1029:
1028:
998:
997:
993:
967:
966:
962:
926:
925:
921:
877:
876:
872:
850:
849:
845:
824:
789:
788:
784:
763:(2): 145.e1–4.
754:
753:
749:
740:
738:
734:
733:
729:
721:
719:
702:
701:
697:
684:
680:
641:Herring, Amy H.
638:
637:
628:
620:
618:
601:
600:
596:
587:
585:
577:
576:
572:
536:
535:
531:
521:Wayback Machine
512:
505:
496:
494:
486:
485:
481:
471:
469:
464:
463:
459:
450:
448:
439:
438:
434:
424:
422:
412:
411:
407:
397:
395:
386:
385:
381:
373:
369:
364:
347:
297:
282:
260:
251:
222:
196:gestational age
188:
179:
149:reference group
122:
120:Gestational age
116:
87:gestational age
79:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2054:Rules of thumb
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1947:Health visitor
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1862:Nonstress test
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1778:Skin diseases
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1568:Amniotic fluid
1564:
1562:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1516:Multiple birth
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1322:Bradley method
1318:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1214:Pregnancy test
1211:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1071:
1064:
1063:External links
1061:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1033:
1032:External links
1030:
1027:
1026:
1007:(2): 480–484.
991:
974:Obstet Gynecol
960:
919:
890:(5): 353–357.
870:
843:
798:(3): 197–207.
782:
747:
727:
695:
678:
651:(6): 587–596.
626:
594:
570:
529:
503:
479:
457:
432:
405:
379:
366:
365:
363:
360:
359:
358:
346:
345:Individualized
343:
342:
341:
330:
324:
314:
304:
296:
293:
281:
278:
273:
272:
269:
266:
225:Naegele's rule
221:
220:Naegele's rule
218:
187:
184:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
153:
133:
118:Main article:
115:
112:
111:
110:
106:
78:
75:
62:
59:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2071:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:Monthly nurse
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Amniocentesis
1845:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Vaginal flora
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1697:Substance use
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Fundal height
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1363:Preterm birth
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:Hypnobirthing
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:3D ultrasound
1202:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:Birth control
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
987:
983:
980:(5): 929–32.
979:
975:
971:
964:
961:
956:
952:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
923:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
874:
871:
866:
862:
858:
854:
847:
844:
839:
835:
829:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
751:
748:
737:
731:
728:
718:
714:
710:
706:
699:
696:
693:
689:
688:
682:
679:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
635:
633:
631:
627:
617:
613:
609:
605:
598:
595:
584:
580:
574:
571:
566:
562:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
533:
530:
526:
522:
518:
515:
510:
508:
504:
493:
489:
483:
480:
467:
461:
458:
446:
442:
436:
433:
420:
416:
409:
406:
393:
389:
383:
380:
376:
371:
368:
361:
356:
352:
349:
348:
344:
339:
335:
331:
328:
325:
322:
318:
315:
312:
308:
305:
302:
299:
298:
294:
292:
290:
286:
279:
277:
270:
267:
264:
263:
262:
259:
255:
254:
248:
246:
242:
239:, the German
238:
233:
230:
226:
217:
215:
211:
207:
204:rarely occur
197:
192:
185:
183:
176:
174:
169:
166:
165:co-incubation
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:to that of a
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
130:
129:
127:
124:According to
121:
113:
107:
104:
100:
96:
95:fertilization
92:
88:
84:
83:
82:
76:
74:
72:
67:
60:
58:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1687:Hypertension
1674:Immunization
1657:in pregnancy
1573:Amniotic sac
1526:Silent birth
1469:Presentation
1432:Bishop score
1402:Obstetrician
1292:Interstitial
1219:home testing
1004:
1000:
994:
977:
973:
963:
936:
932:
922:
887:
883:
873:
856:
852:
846:
828:cite journal
795:
791:
785:
760:
756:
750:
739:. Retrieved
730:
720:, retrieved
708:
698:
685:
681:
648:
644:
619:, retrieved
607:
597:
586:. Retrieved
583:www.acog.org
582:
573:
549:(1): 41–46.
546:
542:
532:
495:. Retrieved
491:
482:
470:. Retrieved
460:
449:. Retrieved
447:. 2015-02-03
444:
435:
423:. Retrieved
419:the original
408:
396:. Retrieved
392:the original
382:
370:
337:
333:
332:A median of
326:
320:
316:
306:
300:
283:
274:
257:
256:
252:
249:
244:
241:obstetrician
234:
224:
223:
209:
205:
202:
180:
173:
123:
80:
64:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
29:
1983:Apgar score
1767:Hepatitis C
1753:Infections
1593:Development
1578:Endometrium
1536:Water birth
1454:Bloody show
1385:Men's roles
1315:Preparation
1267:Heterotopic
939:(1): 23–8.
472:31 December
285:Mobile apps
280:Mobile apps
199:ultrasound.
186:Variability
155:In case of
66:Confinement
2039:Obstetrics
2028:Categories
1988:Child care
1881:Postpartum
1840:Procedures
1792:Dermatoses
1648:Nutrition
1506:Home birth
1428:Pelvimetry
1307:Childbirth
1287:Unintended
1143:Conception
1102:childbirth
741:2021-07-30
722:2020-10-30
709:StatPearls
621:2021-07-30
608:StatPearls
588:2021-07-30
497:2023-08-03
451:2021-07-30
425:13 January
398:13 January
362:References
46:or simply
2059:Midwifery
2049:Equations
1496:Caesarean
1262:Abdominal
1098:Pregnancy
692:eMedicine
665:0269-5022
289:leap year
229:pregnancy
71:antenatal
1889:Maternal
1867:Abortion
1812:Bleeding
1762:COVID-19
1727:Diabetes
1712:Cannabis
1662:prenatal
1583:Placenta
1554:Prenatal
1484:shoulder
1479:cephalic
1447:position
1421:Delivery
1282:Postterm
1247:Cervical
1110:Planning
955:10461334
914:39447672
865:13901307
859:: 24–8.
820:21358120
777:24036402
717:30725671
673:19000297
616:28723047
565:10776011
517:Archived
445:BBC News
338:283 days
334:288 days
327:282 days
321:280 days
317:281 days
307:281 days
301:276 days
258:Example:
101:) or by
52:pregnant
48:due date
1798:Others
1772:Malaria
1717:Opioids
1707:Alcohol
1702:Smoking
1561:Anatomy
1390:Midwife
1358:Newborn
1277:Ovarian
1257:Ectopic
1252:Cryptic
1197:Testing
1021:8438913
986:2342739
906:8590208
812:2220340
1971:Infant
1896:Lochia
1682:Anemia
1601:Embryo
1474:breech
1353:Mother
1332:Lamaze
1019:
984:
953:
912:
904:
863:
818:
810:
775:
715:
671:
663:
614:
563:
355:parity
210:around
141:embryo
135:Early
73:care.
42:, and
1942:Doula
1935:Roles
1827:Sleep
1802:Drugs
1782:Lupus
1606:Fetus
1375:Doula
1346:Roles
1272:Molar
1240:Types
910:S2CID
816:S2CID
145:fetus
55:woman
1636:Care
1100:and
1017:PMID
982:PMID
951:PMID
902:PMID
861:PMID
838:link
834:link
808:PMID
773:PMID
713:PMID
669:PMID
661:ISSN
612:PMID
561:PMID
474:2017
427:2010
400:2010
30:The
1757:HIV
1009:doi
1005:168
941:doi
892:doi
800:doi
765:doi
761:210
690:at
653:doi
551:doi
163:or
143:or
36:EDD
2030::
1430:/
1015:.
1003:.
978:75
976:.
972:.
949:.
937:14
935:.
931:.
908:.
900:.
886:.
882:.
857:20
855:.
830:}}
826:{{
814:.
806:.
796:69
794:.
771:.
759:.
707:,
667:.
659:.
649:22
647:.
629:^
606:,
581:.
559:.
547:15
545:.
541:.
506:^
490:.
443:.
206:on
1090:e
1083:t
1076:v
1023:.
1011::
988:.
957:.
943::
916:.
894::
888:6
867:.
840:)
822:.
802::
779:.
767::
744:.
675:.
655::
591:.
567:.
553::
500:.
476:.
454:.
429:.
402:.
105:.
34:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
