676:, an Iraqi Zionist underground operative, argued in a rebuttal article that while there was a direct connection, the culprits were the Iraqi government or Arab nationalists. He pointed to the fact that the bombings in question occurred after the Citizenship relinquishment act of 1950 had already expired and therefore no Jews could register for exit. He also noted that the two Zionist operatives hanged were never charged with the Masouda Shem-Tov bombing, but rather three other bombings which occurred later. On the other hand, he lists the motives of the government and the pressure it exerted on "Near-East" (the company performing the airlifts). Meir stated that some circumstantial evidence suggested to him that the Zionist movement had no motive while the Iraqi government and Arab nationalists did, and accused Giladi of withholding this information on purpose, calling it "an obvious attempt to mislead readers."
532:"Department for Jews from Islamic Countries" by many people who had not even looked at his letter to see why he had been invited. He says that he "was disgusted and angry. Either I am a member of the party or I'm not. Do I have a different ideology or different politics because I am an Arab Jew? It's segregation, I thought, just like a Negroes' Department. I turned around and walked out. That was the start of my open protests. That same year I organized a demonstration in Ashkelon against Ben-Gurion's racist policies and 10,000 people turned out."
503:. He relates how he realised in short time that those Palestinians signing such documents were doing so under duress. He argues that they were denied the right to access their agricultural lands and penned up in a small area and so some signed simply to end their agony. He wrote, "Those Palestinians who didn't sign up for transfers were taken by force – just put in trucks and dumped in Gaza." He left the job disgusted and attempted to procure government work elsewhere.
695:", and which prompted him to write his 1998 book, "To Baghdad and Back". In it, Mordechai contends that the false charge against him was conceived at Iraq police headquarters. The affair has also been the subject of an anti-libel lawsuit by Ben Porat against a journalist who published Giladi's accusations. The lawsuit has been settled out of court with the journalist publishing an apology.
65:
167:
24:
669:
interpretations of the events have further been influenced and distorted by the unfortunate discrimination which many Iraqi Jews experienced on their arrival in Israel (Black
Panthers 1975:132–133; Shohat 1988; Swirski 1989; Massad 1996)." He does say, however, that Gat argues "convincingly" that there was "little direct connection between the bombings and exodus.".
349:
650:"known for his anti-Jewish views", was initially arrested for the crime, but was evidently not charged despite the large number of explosive materials matching those used in an earlier synagogue bombing that were allegedly found in his home. He further cites a long history of anti-Jewish bomb-throwing incidents in Iraq.
758:..., charged with crimes against national security and ... locked up for six months. Moreover, the Israeli media were gagged and not even allowed to mention that the two journalists had been arrested. If the authorities had wished, the two men would have been kept in jail for the rest of their lives."
589:
willingly to Israel; that, to force them to leave, Jews killed Jews; and that, to buy time to confiscate ever more Arab lands, Jews on numerous occasions rejected genuine peace initiatives from their Arab neighbors. I write about what the first prime minister of Israel called 'cruel
Zionism'. I write
749:
In the foreword of the book, Giladi writes that he did not submit a manuscript in Israel for fear of retribution. "Before," he wrote, "one can publish a book in Israel, permission had to be granted by the censors.... When I was contemplating writing and publishing this book, two of my colleagues and
761:
Also in the foreword, Giladi writes that upon emigrating to the United States in 1980, he found several publishers interested in publishing his work. He says he declined to publish because all interested publishers wanted to reserve the right of editorial control over the finished manuscript and he
745:
published a second edition of Gilad's book. The book is marked with a banner that reads, "Banned in Israel and the United States". The press release accompanying the book reads, "Banned in Israel and the United States…Dandelion Books, rapidly becoming known for its 'uncensored books and unfettered
649:
argued that there was little direct connection between the bombings and the exodus of Jewish refugees. Gat questions the guilt of the alleged Jewish bombthrowers who were found guilty in an Iraqi court of having perpetrated one of the bombings. He cites a rumour that a
Christian Iraqi army officer
523:
While living in Israel, his views of
Zionism changed. He writes that, he "was disillusioned personally, disillusioned at the institutionalized racism, disillusioned at what I was beginning to learn about Zionism's cruelties. The principal interest Israel had in Jews from Islamic countries was as a
706:
interviewed Yehuda Tajar, a Mossad agent who spent ten years of a 25-year prison sentence in Iraq, after being convicted for the explosions. Tajar insists that, although his undercover cell was prepared to carry out such acts, they did not in fact do so. The actual explosions, he claims, were the
519:
sound to it. Giladi writes that "in one way, this 'mistake' was my key to discovering very soon just how the
Israeli caste system worked. After leaving al-Mejdil, he reports that he wrote letters trying to get a government job elsewhere and got many interviews, but when it was discovered that his
531:
Giladi relates that he became politicized after an experience at the
Socialist/Zionist Party headquarters. He had received a letter asking for help with their Arabic newspaper, and when he showed up at the headquarters and tried to show them the letter, he was dismissively told to report to the
495:, he relates that they encouraged him to seek employment with the Military Governor's office. He says he was assigned the task of procuring the signatures of the Palestinian inhabitants of al-Mejdil on a set of government forms that stated that they were willingly giving up their lands to go to
668:
Writing in 2002 Jewish studies scholar Philip Mendes thought that, at that time, there was little in the way of completely definitive evidence either way. He suggested that, "It therefore remains an open question as to who was responsible for the bombings," claiming that "memories and
547:
In the 1980s, he left Israel for New York City. In the U.S., he wrote about an autobiographical account and historical analysis of
Zionist misdeeds in Iraq, Palestine, and later Israel in an article titled "The Jews of Iraq" The article later formed the basis for his originally
661:, prominent figures at the Iraqi Zionist underground, vehemently deny the charges. An internal investigation conducted in Israel in 1960 found no proof of an order to execute such an attack. More possible responsible parties have been suggested, such as the Iraqi CID and the
471:
in the
Galilee. He relates that he lasted only a few weeks because, "the new immigrants were given the worst of everything…the food was the same, but that was the only thing everyone had in common. For the immigrants, bad cigarettes, even bad toothpaste. Everything. I left."
683:, a former Israeli Member of the Knesset, and a Cabinet minister, who was a key figure in the Zionist underground, as having been one of the figures responsible for the bombings according to one of the Iraqi investigators into the bombings, in a book titled
520:
face didn't match his Polish/Ashkenazi name, he was rebuffed, advised time and again that "we'll give you a call." Eventually, he changed his name to "Giladi", which he writes was "close to the code name, Gilad, that he had in the
Zionist underground."
515:. Giladi states that because, "the English couldn't capture the "kh" sound...it was rendered simply as Klaski." At the border, Israeli immigration officials applied what he calls the "English" version of his name, which had an Eastern European,
734:
506:
Giladi states he subsequently had difficulty finding employment because of discrimination against Arab Jews. He recalls that when he arrived in Israel, in May 1950, his Iraqi passport had his name as written in Arabic and
576:
Giladi has strong views on
Zionism and its negative effects and his article begins with the following passage: "I write this article for the same reason I wrote my book: to tell the American people, and especially
746:
fiction' has just released a revised edition of this highly controversial book. The details of a direct ban enacted by either the American or Israeli governments are not supplied by the author or publisher.
633:
cited detailed testimony from another Israeli survivor of the Iraqi Zionist underground which buttressed Giladi's claim in pointing to direct Israeli involvement, through the supervision of a Mossad agent,
442:
movement at age 14, without his parents' knowledge and was involved in underground activities. He was arrested and jailed by the Iraqi government in 1947, when he was 17 years old. During his two years in
762:
did not want to agree to this. Twelve years after his arrival in the US, he self-published at a cost of $ 60,000, which he reports was almost all of the proceeds of the sale of his Israeli property.
691:
agents arrested in Baghdad after the explosion; he was able to skip bail and flee to Israel. Mordechai Ben-Porat has vigorously denied this allegation, which he characterizes as akin to "
1373:
597:
were "perpetrated by Zionist agents in order to cause fear amongst the Jews, and so promote their exodus to Israel" is shared by a number of anti-Zionist authors, including the
711:. After several members of the cell were arrested, however, those still at liberty carried out other grenade attacks, in an attempt to show the innocence of those arrested.
1393:
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909:
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He died on 6 March 2010, in a rehabilitation center in New York City after battling a lengthy illness, and was buried in the Jewish tradition by the
327:, and author of an autobiographical article and historical analysis titled "The Jews of Iraq". The article later formed the basis for his originally
941:
721:, alleging that the British government bear the bulk of responsibility for the event as he claimed they instigated it to blacken the image of the
891:
782:
463:
Giladi reports that upon entering Israel in 1950, he was "asked where I wanted to go and what I wanted to do," and that he volunteered to go to
1423:
431:. They were later involved in gold purchase and purification, and were therefore given the name, 'Khalaschi', meaning 'Makers of Pure' by the
1368:
1315:
922:
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Giladi's article is regularly cited by anti-Zionists, including Jewish anti-Zionists, who claim that Zionism has a negative effect for Jews.
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and Samuel Mour) were arrested and put in jail for exposing the involvement of the Israeli secret police ... in the kidnapping in Paris of
371:
996:
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needed the "Oriental" Jews to farm the thousands of acres of land left by Palestinians who were driven out by Israeli forces in 1948".
423:
and the United States. Giladi describes his family as, "a large and important" family named "Haroon" who had settled in Iraq after the
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491:, that was to be transformed into a farming community. When the officials at the Labor Office there discovered that he was fluent in
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supply of cheap labor, especially for the farm work that was beneath the urbanized Eastern European Jews.
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944:. Presented at the 14th Jewish Studies Conference in Melbourne. Reprinted on palestineremembered.com.
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1227:"Naeim Giladi's Banned Book—Ben-Gurion's Scandals: How the Haganah and the Mossad Eliminated Jews"
427:. According to Giladi, his family had owned 50,000 acres (200 km) devoted to rice, dates and
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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
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629:(CIA) who outlined that allegation in his book "Ropes of Sand". In 2023, the Israeli historian
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prison, he expected to be sentenced to death for smuggling Iraqi Jews out of the country to
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Who Needs Arab-Jewish Identity?: Interpellation, Exclusion, and Inessential Solidarities,
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635:
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408:
313:
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122:
980:‘Zionism is an Ashkenazi thing’: how Zionism engineered the expulsion of Iraq’s Arab Jews
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942:"The Forgotten Refugees: The Causes of the post-1948 Jewish Exodus from Arab Countries"
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After serving in the Israeli Army between 1967 and 1970, Giladi was active in the
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455:. He managed to escape from prison and travel to Israel, arriving in May 1950.
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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
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621:(1988). In his article, Giladi notes that this was also the conclusion of
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894:. The MIT Electronic Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. Archived from
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Ben-Gurion's scandals: how the Haganah and the Mossad eliminated Jews
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718:
688:
452:
420:
333:
Ben-Gurion's Scandals: How the Haganah and the Mossad Eliminated Jews
283:
892:"Rupture And Return: A Mizrahi Perspective On The Zionist Discourse"
554:
Ben-Gurion's Scandal: How the Haganah and the Mossad Eliminated Jews
1061:
Documents From Israel 1967–1973: Readings for a critique of Zionism
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Cover Banner: "This book banned in Israel and United States"
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Giladi also maintains a controversial stance regarding the
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who later committed suicide in prison while on trial for
609:(1980), Marion Wolfsohn (1980), Rafael Shapiro (1984),
871:. Palestine:Information With Provenance (PIWP) Database
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may contain excessive or inappropriate references to
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Occupied Minds: A Journey through the Israeli Psyche
479:to seek reassignment. He says he was told to go to
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276:
258:
239:
687:. Ben-Porat was one of several Israeli undercover
1047:The Iraqi Jews and Their Coming to Israel, from
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931:
1303:How the Haganah and the Mossad eliminated Jews
8:
1002:
925:pp.117-118, n.392 for bibliographic details.
1310:: Glilit Publishing Co., Inc. p. 255.
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1374:Mass media about the Arab–Israeli conflict
653:Contemporary Israeli officials and mainly
236:
438:He states that he joined the underground
390:Learn how and when to remove this message
320:) (18 March 1926 – 6 March 2010) was an
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
207:Learn how and when to remove this message
149:Learn how and when to remove this message
1017:: Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center: 16.
475:After leaving Dafna, Giladi went to the
1394:American people of Iraqi-Jewish descent
783:"Anti-Zionist writer Naeim Giladi dies"
777:
775:
771:
1399:Israeli emigrants to the United States
1122:The Jewish Exodus from Iraq, 1948–1951
1079:
1077:
85:Please improve this article by adding
483:, an Arab town about nine miles from
435:Turks who occupied Iraq at the time.
187:by removing references to unreliable
7:
1172:"Zionist Oppression of Jews in Iraq"
590:about it because I was part of it."
191:where they are used inappropriately.
1419:Jewish American non-fiction writers
1084:Shapiro, Sraya (11 December 1998).
1003:
412:
317:
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642:, in at least 3 of the 5 bombings
372:Knowledge (XXG)'s inclusion policy
14:
1389:American male non-fiction writers
625:, a former senior officer in the
33:This article has multiple issues.
750:well known Israeli journalists (
451:, where they were then taken to
407:Giladi was born Naeim Khalasch (
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247:
165:
63:
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41:or discuss these issues on the
561:Hebrew Free Burial Association
1:
1424:Jewish American anti-Zionists
1299:(1992) . "Foreword, p. 6–8".
87:secondary or tertiary sources
1369:Jewish Israeli anti-Zionists
1233:. 7 May 2003. Archived from
995:Meir, Yosef (October 2007).
940:Philip Mendes (March 2002).
1259:(April 2003) . "Foreword".
1197:"Zionism and Anti-Semitism"
627:Central Intelligence Agency
593:Giladi's position that the
1440:
1364:20th-century American Jews
1051:9 November 1972, cited in
964:W. W. Norton & Company
685:Venom of the Zionist Viper
595:1950–1951 Baghdad bombings
419:family and later lived in
1379:Iraqi emigrants to Israel
640:similar attempts in Egypt
543:Life in the United States
415:) on 18 March 1926 to an
246:
1267:: Dandelion Books. xii.
997:"על פצצות, עלייה ושקרים"
890:Ella Shohat (May 2001).
1359:20th-century Iraqi Jews
1301:Ben-Gurion's Scandals:
737:Cover of Giladi's book.
672:In 2007, the historian
738:
679:Giladi also mentioned
599:Israeli Black Panthers
537:Israeli Black Panthers
178:self-published sources
74:relies excessively on
1063:, Ithaca Press 1975,
736:
702:, British journalist
459:Experiences in Israel
1201:Jews Against Zionism
1176:Jews Against Zionism
955:Wilbur Crane Eveland
623:Wilbur Crane Eveland
607:Wilbur Crane Eveland
499:, at the time under
487:, and now a part of
681:Mordechai Ben Porat
655:Mordechai Ben Porat
501:Egyptian occupation
1404:People from Hillah
1207:on 2 November 2006
1091:The Jerusalem Post
1086:"Bye-bye, Baghdad"
1029:on 25 January 2010
898:on 3 October 2011.
836:"The Jews of Iraq"
834:(April–May 1998).
739:
709:Muslim Brotherhood
698:For his 2006 book
663:Muslim Brotherhood
403:Early life in Iraq
1384:Jewish socialists
1317:978-1-893-30240-2
1237:on 3 January 2004
1229:(Press release).
1049:The Black Panther
923:978-90-04-28910-9
581:, that Jews from
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1306:(1st ed.).
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1203:. Archived from
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789:. 11 March 2010
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743:Dandelion Books
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1101:on 16 May 2011
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869:"Naeim Giladi"
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693:blood libel
611:Ella Shohat
603:David Hirst
567:Controversy
413:נעים חלסצ׳י
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1343:Categories
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1099:(Abstract)
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853:31 October
793:13 October
766:References
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674:Yosef Meir
645:Historian
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619:Uri Avnery
539:movement.
526:Ben-Gurion
511:using the
445:Abu Ghraib
368:relocating
318:نعيم جلعدي
310:נעים גלעדי
286:, New York
185:improve it
109:newspapers
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849:(2): 1–13
741:In 2003,
647:Moshe Gat
517:Ashkenazi
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339:Biography
325:Iraqi Jew
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843:The Link
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1019:LCCN
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102:news
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