445:
573:
the Sultan's betrayal, Espinosa ordered cannon fire on a number of neighbouring junks, causing two of them to sink, two more to ground, and killing several people within. Espinosa quickly came to regret firing at the junks once a smaller boat approached the flagship with a peace flag flying. A leader clarified that the fleet was returning from a military mission to Luzon, where they had fought; they had no intention of assaulting the
Spaniards. Espinosa promptly made apologies by going back to the harbour after realising his error. The Spaniards' connection with the natives improved when the monarch accepted his presents and apologies.
1913:
815:
627:(non-Muslim city). It appears that the King of Bisaya (Raja Bisaya) still had the power to pose a threat to Brunei, who shared the same port, at the start of the 16th century. The oral history of Raja Lumbi (Raja Bisaya), who dominated the area surrounding Brunei Bay, is corroborated by Pigafetta's narrative. In 1526, Portuguese traders from Malacca visited Brunei and saw its affluence, which led them to conclude that the country was a powerful and large empire. It stated in
565:
the information to another official, who would relay it to a higher official, and lastly to the first minister, who would be standing next to the king and present it to the monarch. They were taught the appropriate standing etiquette, which included standing up, joining their hands over their heads, lifting each foot alternately, bending down three times to bow respectfully to the monarch, and kissing their hands.
505:, Gonzalo de Espinosa recognised it as Bruni (the capital of Brunei). The Spaniards safely moored close to the coast, receiving a warm welcome from the villagers, who were used to seeing European ships. Even though they kept a close eye on things, the night was uneventful and there were no conflicts, so the crew and officers slept well. Early in the morning, Espinosa welcomed the leaders of Bruni aboard his
776:, concerning a Bruneian nobleman named Langkuda Tarawih who married Puteri Kenik Berau Senifah, a princess of the Berau Sultanate who was discovered drifting in the water. The narrative of Bolkiah, though it does not include his name, is identical to the tale of the Sultan discovering Princess Lela Menchanai floating in the ocean. This story is also shared by the Bruneian community in the
533:
The rice, honey, and egg cakes that the
Bornean ruler gifted the Spaniards were quickly consumed. Bolkiah replied shortly afterward, allowing the Spaniards to freely trade with his people and purchase goods on shore. Then, Espinosa sent seven of his more experienced men—among them Pigafetta—to the town to see the monarch. A Turkish
844:
showcased an exceptionally talented and one-of-a-kind creation. This tomb has two tombstones at the summit of eight tiers of stone. Dimensions of the tomb: 156.7 cm (61.7 in) high, 355.5 cm (140.0 in) long, and 199.5 cm (78.5 in) wide. The top is decorated with carvings
564:
As soon as they entered the palace's first hall, guests were given pillows from which to see the monarch up close. They were told that they could not speak to
Bolkiah directly and that they would have to pass their messages via a chain of authorities. Speak to a selected chief first, who would relay
532:
with comparable offerings, the chiefs' friendly welcome encouraged
Bolkiah to dispatch three further barges, each carrying a group of chiefs and musicians. As the musicians performed loudly from these barges around the Spanish ships, Espinosa gave the order to salute and raised flags in recognition.
849:
encircled by Daun
Selambar Basusun. The designs of Daun Setampik, Bunga Paip, Bunga Cangkih, and Lalau Paria extend forth on the gravestone. Engraved on its body are several flower themes, including Bunga Jambangan, Lalau Paria, and Bunga Sakuntum, in addition to Biji Mutiara and Pola Bulan Purnama
697:
Amir Ul-Ombra, widened Brunei's influence in the
Philippines. This increased Brunei's wealth as well as extending Islamic teachings in the region, resulting in the influence and power of Brunei reaching its peak during this period. His rule reached essentially all of coastal Borneo, as far south as
597:
The attack was successful in regaining control of the state of Labai for Brunei. Although the oral tradition does not include the
Kingdom of Labai or the kingdoms along the Kapuas River, Pigafetta's account confirms Bruneian oral tradition about the size of the Brunei Empire during Bolkiah's reign.
572:
in the harbour, arranged into three squadrons and manned by strong Borneo fighters. Espinosa soon came to the conclusion that resistance would be ineffective and gave the order for his ships to hoist anchor and set sail, thinking the king was trying to catch him off guard. Furious by what he saw as
560:
drapes, bathed in natural light from expansive windows. Three hundred of the king's warriors with daggers drawn, were stationed there to guard. A little farther in was a smaller but no less well decorated room where the muscular forty-year-old monarch, smoked betel on a big cushion with one of his
647:
Events relating to the growth of the Brunei Empire were first recorded by
Western sources in the 16th century. Oral tradition is confirmed by these Western records, which include tales like that of Nakhoda Ragam, who is credited with becoming Sultan Bolkiah, who is known for extending the Brunei
799:
well. Raja Sambas then gave Ismail the title of Chief Ragam. The occurrence of
Bolkiah in the Sarawakian Iban tradition indicates the extent of the story's effect on the native population of Borneo, which was formerly a colony of Brunei, even if the story differs from what is contained in the
735:, 'Poem of Awang Semaun'. As the story of Bolkiah is also told in the poem, it is possible that the expansion of the Brunei Empire under the leadership of Awang Alak Betatar is included. This is due to Awang Asmara – the son of Awang Senuai – helping Bolkiah by bringing him to
598:
By revealing that Brunei once ruled over areas in western Borneo alongside territories in the northwest and east (Sarawak and Sabah) and the
Philippine Islands, Pigafetta's tale adds to the oral history. In addition, there have been reports of a
556:. When they arrived at the palace, they were astounded by its wealth. A vast hall accessible via wide steps was crowded with courtiers wearing elegant clothing. Past this hallway was a slightly raised chamber adorned with lavish silk and
616:, which is larger than that of the Moros (Brunei), and built like the latter in salt water. On that account the two peoples have daily contacts together in the same harbour. The heathens king is as powerful as the Moro king..."
677:
and destroyed Datu Kemin's Suluk and Seluang. The Sultan married Puteri Lela Manjani (Lela Menchanai), a princess from Sulu, and went by the name Nahoda Ragam (Nakhoda Ragam). One tradition states that Bolkiah married a
1188:
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of the king of Brunei," Pigafetta wrote in his report on the attack on the Labai government. He had recently returned from a visit to the sizable city known as Laoe, which is situated at the tip of Borneo and faces
519:
accompanied by musicians. They brought gifts including livestock, fruits, betel-filled containers, and arrack, initiating diplomatic exchanges characterized by mutual respect and cultural exchange.
428:
The early history of the Sultanate of Brunei, including the early years of its foundation and the Bruneian sultans who established the country, is the subject of study. The first Sultan of Brunei,
1768:
1742:
1611:
753:
of Pengiran Sabtu Kamaluddin also includes a lengthy account of Bolkiah's life. The roles that Datu Bangkaya and Datu Sumacuel played were comparable to those of Bolkiah, who brought a bushel of
354:. Known more for his unwavering diplomacy and opposition to violence, he was an adventurous navigator who frequently traveled to examine his territory and a figure who inspired numerous stories.
1660:
1634:
761:
had a long-standing custom of sowing seeds or plants in recently conquered areas prior to the Sultan. It is said that the Sultan abducted his spouse Puteri Lela Menchanai while in
739:
so he could marry Princess Lela Mencanai. The uncertainty over the chronology of Brunei's territorial expansion is shown in the inclusion of Sultan Bolkiah's account in the poem.
705:
Following their conquest of the Borneo kingdoms on the northwest coast, Awang Semaun, Awang Jerambak, and Demang Seri proceeded to extend Brunei's borders to include the
2167:
780:
of Sabah and describes a Sultan of Brunei marrying Princess Milau, whom he discovered in the waters of Northern Borneo during the Sultan's circumnavigation of Borneo.
581:"On the morning of Monday, 29 July 1521, we saw more than a hundred boats divided into three groups of warships... one of the groups was led by the prince of
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with him when he sailed around the island of Borneo and planted a pepper on every island he came across until he ran out. This demonstrates that the
2177:
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863:
1727:
1513:
1410:
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988:
1305:
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and is surrounded by dense vegetation. A light blue and white fence surrounds the tomb, symbolising his love for diplomacy and music.
444:
1503:
2148:
631:' 1526 assessment on Brunei's strength that: "... the people of Brunei ... are a brave people because they used to sail to Malacca,
665:. The genealogy of Datu Imam Ya'akub and Khatif Haji Abdul Latif stated that Bolkiah overthrew the realms of Datu Kemin's Sulu and
541:, a glass, a vase, and a gold pen and ink box were among the presents they brought for Bolkiah. Additional gifts were made for the
342:'Singing Captain'. However, it is argued that the title is also given to another Sultan of Brunei and other figures in the
1159:
1865:
295:, a 19th-century Bruneian stone tablet which describes the genealogy of the Sultans of Brunei. He was also mentioned in the
2098:
1560:
1530:
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princess. It is also said that her followers intermarried with the Bruneian people, which became the ancestors for the
887:
Kampong Bolkiah Religious School serves as the village's principal Islamic religious education institution since 1999.
662:
367:
The reign of Sultan Bolkiah is said to be the golden age of Brunei. His dominion is said to have included present-day
1858:
859:
1881:
900:
238:
58:
791:, Sarawak, have an oral tradition that tells the story of Ismail, a poor family's son, who paid off his debt to
436:, and Sultan Bolkiah are a few tales that center on the early history of the Brunei Sultanate, aside from that.
2114:
1978:
492:'s 1521 visit and report emphasises Brunei's great influence. It also shows Brunei's reach over Borneo and the
241:; reigning from 1485 until his death in 1524, he ascended the throne upon the abdication of his father, Sultan
1912:
2073:
1189:"With a long history as a centre of trade, the country is well positioned to take advantage of opportunities"
2140:
2124:
1902:
814:
694:
2078:
1932:
2088:
2004:
1477:
788:
2057:
2041:
1740:; Ibrahim, Abd. Latif Hj. (1974). "'BATU TARSILAH': The Genealogical Tablet of the Sultans of Brunei".
1589:
1358:
956:
2052:
1999:
657:, 'Royal Genealogy of Brunei' mentions Sultan Bolkiah, as a valiant leader who overthrew the
324:
250:
2019:
2014:
1983:
1737:
877:
792:
690:
485:
480:. By recording Brunei's reconquest of Labai and providing firsthand accounts from his contact with
465:
337:
299:, a 19th-century manuscript which also describes the same genealogy. The Spaniards refer to him as
1007:
2009:
1942:
1927:
1777:
1751:
1704:
1696:
1665:
1643:
1620:
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sculptures. Daun Salambar Basusun and Lalau Paria are etched on the tombstone's bottom portions.
493:
481:
429:
242:
196:
86:
594:(Java Island). That nation was overthrown and taken over because it had given Java sovereignty.
1505:
Vocational Education and Training in ASEAN Member States: Current Status and Future Development
1825:
1799:
1723:
1509:
1406:
1364:
1250:
984:
762:
658:
489:
343:
141:
112:
927:... Paduka Seri Sultan Bulkia iaitu raja yang mengalahkan negeri Suluk dan negeri Séludong...
2144:
2129:
2046:
2035:
1832:
1688:
905:
846:
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628:
412:
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186:
31:
472:. This demonstrates the importance of Borneo's trading powers at the time, with Brunei and
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773:
679:
586:
528:
510:
469:
275:
257:
38:
717:-ruled states of Sulu and Maynila. Brunei has effectively taken control of the states of
1460:
1458:
1384:
1382:
1380:
955:
Awang.), Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji (1997).
2119:
1790:
1328:
1326:
1279:
1277:
1275:
796:
777:
404:
328:
961:(in Malay). Jabatan Pusat Sejarah, Kementerian Kebudayaan Belia dan Sukan. p. 27.
2161:
2083:
1708:
769:
758:
706:
620:
542:
457:
408:
392:
245:. His reign was known as the "Golden Age of Brunei" due to its dominance throughout
1973:
1968:
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881:
831:
754:
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674:
477:
453:
433:
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702:, and as far north as the island of Luzon, including Seludong in the Philippines.
1717:
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Portuguese accounts shed light on Brunei's economic links. One such report, from
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1963:
1842:
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165:
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1937:
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Upon awakening, Espinosa discovered a group of perhaps one hundred indigenous
553:
388:
308:
260:
256:
He is considered the first sultan to ever used cannons, as the Sultan paid 40
73:
1529:
Pg. Hajah Fatimah Pg. Haji Md Noor; Nurul Syakirah Zaini (13 December 2014).
17:
1850:
841:
838:
827:
765:. In Kinabatangan, the Sultan also married the daughter of a Chinese noble.
546:
400:
1632:
Hughes-Hallett, H. R. (August 1940). "A Sketch of the History of Brunei".
1792:
Sejarah Pengasasan Dan Asal Usul Kerajaan Brunei Berdasarkan Sumber Lisan
1655:
736:
718:
666:
613:
506:
501:
422:
1781:
1755:
1700:
1677:
Nicholl, Robert (September 1989). "Some Problems of Brunei Chronology".
1669:
1647:
1624:
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and as well as his marriage to Puteri Laila Menchanai, the daughter of
683:
557:
461:
368:
271:
181:
1658:(June 1880). "SĔLĔSÎLAH (BOOK OF THE DESCENT) OF THE RAJAS OF BRUNI".
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1449:
1437:
1388:
1344:
1332:
1283:
1237:
1225:
639:) and other places with merchandise, and Brunei is a strong kingdom."
476:
depending on Labai (Laoe)'s advantageous location at the mouth of the
387:. There is also the possibility that his sovereignty also extended to
1363:. Anthropology Department, Loyola University of Chicago. p. 43.
1034:
Southeast Asian Cannon Making in Negara Brunei Darussalam (MA thesis)
376:
320:
283:
279:
268:
264:
246:
1360:
Borneo Medicine: The Healing Art of Indigenous Brunei Malay Medicine
830:
of Sultan Bolkiah, sits on ridgeline at Jalan Kota Batu, facing the
983:(second ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 37.
979:
Sidhu, Jatswan S. (2009). "Bolkiah, Sultan (r. 1485–1524)".
867:
813:
710:
636:
608:
582:
569:
538:
534:
516:
372:
351:
713:-ruled northern and northeastern states of Borneo as well as the
612:, or non-Muslims: "In the same port is another city inhabited by
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632:
473:
347:
1854:
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1125:
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1119:
1117:
1115:
499:
Arriving at a harbour on Borneo's northwest coast, Megallen's
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as the Bruneian sultan who "defeated the states of Suluk and
1769:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1743:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1612:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1570:(in Malay). No. 60 #151. Jabatan Penerangan. p. 10
346:. Among other instruments, he was known to like playing the
1540:(in Malay). No. 59 #153. Jabatan Penerangan. p. 9
925:
623:
who reside next to Brunei are referred to as living in the
416:
290:
1661:
Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1635:
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1609:
Carroll, John S. (1982). "Berunai in the "Boxer Codex" ".
1405:(second ed.). New York: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 42.
1789:
Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman (4 April 2016).
552:
Bolkiah was surrounded by plenty of women of different
448:
Magellan's delegation being welcomed to Borneo in 1521
648:
Empire throughout Borneo and the Philippine Islands.
1306:"Voyages and Adventures of Magellan by George Towle"
2107:
2066:
2028:
1992:
1956:
1920:
1895:
1082:
1058:
958:
Tarsilah Brunei: Zaman kegemilangan dan kemasyhuran
460:in 1515, cites Brunei's merchant ships arriving at
432:, and his brothers, Awang Semaun, were among them.
202:
192:
180:
164:
140:
132:
122:
106:
102:
92:
82:
72:
64:
57:
48:
225:; died 1524), also known for his title as
876:is a village and housing development located in
1766:(December 1968). "Silsilah Raja-Raja Berunai".
1131:
822:After his death, he was succeeded by his son,
127:Mausoleum of Sultan Bolkiah, Kota Batu, Brunei
1866:
862:is a campus of the post-secondary vocational
669:. Despite this, the genealogy translation by
172:Sultan Bolkiah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman
8:
1465:Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman 2016
1450:Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman 2016
1438:Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman 2016
1389:Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman 2016
1345:Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman 2016
1333:Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman 2016
1284:Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman 2016
1238:Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman 2016
1226:Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman 2016
801:
748:
730:
652:
37:For the neighbourhood in Kampong Ayer, see
1873:
1859:
1851:
1814:
981:Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam
691:by defeating the Kingdom of Tondo in Luzon
45:
890:Jalan Bolkiah is a road in Seria, Brunei.
2168:Bruneian people of Saudi Arabian descent
1482:Ministry of Education, Brunei Darussalam
1425:
673:states that the Sultan battled with the
522:Following their journey to the flagship
515:, where they arrived in a grand, gilded
443:
1213:
1143:
1094:
1070:
974:
972:
970:
968:
947:
917:
864:Institute of Brunei Technical Education
1036:. Flinders University. pp. 10–11.
795:'s son with gold sand he found in the
161:
1559:Norliah Md. Zain (19 December 2015).
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1154:
1152:
7:
1002:
1000:
1502:Bai, Bin; Paryono (13 April 2019).
1106:
1046:
440:Antonio Pigafetta's visit to Brunei
1680:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
1008:"Makam Sultan Bolkiah (1485–1524)"
643:Expansion, conquest, and influence
147:
25:
2149:Succession to the Bruneian throne
577:Insights from Pigafetta's reports
1911:
1594:. J.S. Metes. 1996. p. 106.
1561:"Kemakmuran Kampung Bolkiah 'B'"
689:Bolkiah's victory over Seludong
1083:Shariffuddin & Ibrahim 1974
1059:Shariffuddin & Ibrahim 1974
439:
27:Sultan of Brunei (r. 1485–1524)
2178:16th-century sultans of Brunei
2173:15th-century sultans of Brunei
1890:by order and date of accession
1531:"Kampung Bolkiah jadi ristaan"
1251:"Profile of Brunei Darussalam"
768:There is an oral narrative in
1:
2099:Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin
1591:South East Asia Oil Directory
289:Bolkiah was mentioned in the
1716:Saunders, Graham E. (2002).
1032:Jalil, Ahmad Safwan (2012).
729:, and Maynila, according to
606:(Junjungan) that is home to
1357:Kimball, Linda Amy (1979).
806:and other oral traditions.
2194:
1478:"Post Secondary Education"
1160:"Sultan Bolkiah Mausoleum"
860:IBTE Sultan Bolkiah Campus
803:Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei
750:Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei
654:Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei
418:Silsilah Raja-Raja Berunai
297:Silsilah Raja-Raja Berunai
263:to teach metal casting in
36:
29:
2138:
1909:
1888:
1882:List of sultans of Brunei
1839:
1830:
1822:
1817:
1798:(PhD thesis) (in Malay).
1693:10.1017/S0022463400018087
1401:Saunders, Graham (2002).
901:List of Sultans of Brunei
671:Pehin Orang Kaya Digadong
307:, a 16th-century Spanish
234:
222:
171:
160:
2115:Muhammad Jamalul Alam II
1310:www.heritage-history.com
561:young sons by his side.
327:traditions by the title
237:), was the sixth
30:Not to be confused with
2125:Omar Ali Saifuddien III
2074:Muhammad Jamalul Alam I
1508:. Springer. p. 8.
810:Death and his mausoleum
576:
267:, possibly introducing
926:
854:Things named after him
819:
802:
789:Kampong Tembawang Sauh
749:
731:
653:
449:
417:
415:. He was mentioned in
375:in Borneo, as well as
332:
291:
136:Puteri Laila Menchanai
2089:Omar Ali Saifuddin II
1193:Oxford Business Group
817:
743:Marriages and legends
585:, who had become the
447:
319:Bolkiah was known in
215:Bolkiah ibni Sulaiman
2079:Muhammad Kanzul Alam
2053:Omar Ali Saifuddin I
2000:Abdul Jalilul Jabbar
818:Tombstone of Bolkiah
251:southern Philippines
1984:Abdul Jalilul Akbar
1764:Sweeney, P. L. Amin
1738:Shariffuddin, P. M.
1722:. RoutledgeCurzon.
1719:A History of Brunei
1132:Hughes-Hallett 1940
878:Bandar Seri Begawan
2010:Abdul Hakkul Mubin
1928:Abdul Majid Hassan
1452:, p. 174–175.
1169:. 2019. p. 10
820:
732:Syair Awang Semaun
725:, Sadungan, Sulu,
494:Philippine islands
482:Ferdinand Magellan
450:
430:Awang Alak Betatar
155:Sultan Abdul Kahar
2155:
2154:
2058:Muhammad Tajuddin
2042:Muhammad Alauddin
1849:
1848:
1840:Succeeded by
1800:Universiti Malaya
1750:(1 #225): 87–95.
1729:978-0-7007-1698-2
1642:(2 #137): 23–42.
1515:978-981-13-6617-8
1412:978-0-7007-1698-2
1403:History of Brunei
1370:978-0-8357-0495-3
990:978-0-8108-7078-9
763:Sultanate of Gowa
659:Sultanate of Sulu
545:and the Sultan's
490:Antonio Pigafetta
344:Malay Archipelago
341:
280:cannon technology
212:
211:
176:
175:
16:(Redirected from
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2145:House of Bolkiah
2141:Style and titles
2130:Hassanal Bolkiah
2047:Husin Kamaluddin
2036:Husin Kamaluddin
1915:
1875:
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1833:Sultan of Brunei
1823:Preceded by
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1797:
1785:
1776:(2 #214): 1–82.
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1619:(2 #243): 1–25.
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976:
963:
962:
952:
931:
929:
922:
906:Hassanal Bolkiah
805:
752:
734:
663:Kingdom of Luzon
656:
629:Jorge de Menezes
537:, velvet seats,
464:with those from
420:
381:Sulu Archipelago
336:
294:
239:Sultan of Brunei
236:
224:
223:بلقية ابن سليمان
162:
151:
59:Sultan of Brunei
53:
46:
32:Hassanal Bolkiah
21:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2134:
2103:
2062:
2024:
1988:
1952:
1916:
1907:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1845:
1836:
1828:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1762:
1736:
1730:
1715:
1676:
1654:
1631:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1378:
1371:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1290:
1282:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1073:, pp. 2–3.
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
998:
991:
978:
977:
966:
954:
953:
949:
945:
940:
935:
934:
923:
919:
914:
897:
874:Kampong Bolkiah
856:
845:that shows the
812:
774:East Kalimantan
745:
645:
587:captain general
579:
470:West Kalimantan
442:
365:
360:
317:
197:Sultan Sulaiman
145:
144:
128:
111:
51:
50:
42:
39:Kampong Bolkiah
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2191:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2120:Ahmad Tajuddin
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2049:(Second reign)
2044:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1979:Muhammad Hasan
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1818:Regnal titles
1812:
1811:
1786:
1760:
1734:
1728:
1713:
1687:(2): 175–195.
1674:
1652:
1629:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1581:
1551:
1521:
1514:
1494:
1469:
1467:, p. 127.
1454:
1442:
1440:, p. 145.
1430:
1418:
1411:
1393:
1391:, p. 126.
1376:
1369:
1349:
1347:, p. 104.
1337:
1322:
1288:
1271:
1242:
1230:
1228:, p. 107.
1218:
1206:
1180:
1167:Brunei Tourism
1148:
1146:, p. 184.
1136:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1024:
1012:JABATAN MUZIUM
996:
989:
964:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
933:
932:
916:
915:
913:
910:
909:
908:
903:
896:
893:
892:
891:
888:
885:
871:
855:
852:
811:
808:
778:Kudat District
744:
741:
686:ethnic group.
644:
641:
578:
575:
441:
438:
364:
361:
359:
356:
316:
313:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
178:
177:
174:
173:
169:
168:
158:
157:
152:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
124:
120:
119:
108:
104:
103:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
76:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
55:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2190:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Muhammad Alam
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:(First reign)
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1904:
1903:Muhammad Shah
1901:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1821:
1816:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1569:
1568:Pelita Brunei
1562:
1555:
1552:
1539:
1538:Pelita Brunei
1532:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1495:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1426:Saunders 2002
1422:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1335:, p. 65.
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1286:, p. 64.
1285:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1259:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1240:, p. 63.
1239:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1216:, p. 12.
1215:
1210:
1207:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1134:, p. 27.
1133:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1097:, p. 17.
1096:
1091:
1088:
1085:, p. 87.
1084:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1061:, p. 90.
1060:
1055:
1052:
1049:, p. 34.
1048:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1001:
997:
992:
986:
982:
975:
973:
971:
969:
965:
960:
959:
951:
948:
942:
937:
928:
921:
918:
911:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
894:
889:
886:
883:
879:
875:
872:
869:
865:
861:
858:
857:
853:
851:
848:
843:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
816:
809:
807:
804:
798:
794:
790:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
770:Berau Regency
766:
764:
760:
759:Bisaya people
756:
751:
742:
740:
738:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
649:
642:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:Bisaya people
617:
615:
611:
610:
605:
601:
595:
593:
588:
584:
574:
571:
566:
562:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
543:queen consort
540:
536:
531:
530:
525:
520:
518:
514:
513:
508:
504:
503:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:and Labai in
467:
463:
459:
455:
446:
437:
435:
431:
426:
424:
419:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
362:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
339:
334:
333:Nakhoda Ragam
330:
326:
322:
314:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
292:Batu Tarsilah
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
232:
228:
227:Nakhoda Ragam
220:
216:
208:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
188:
185:
183:
179:
170:
167:
163:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
143:
139:
135:
131:
125:
121:
118:
114:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
18:Nakhoda Ragam
2108:20th century
2067:19th century
2029:18th century
2005:Muhammad Ali
1993:17th century
1974:Shah Berunai
1969:Saiful Rijal
1957:16th century
1947:
1921:15th century
1896:14th century
1831:
1803:. Retrieved
1791:
1773:
1767:
1747:
1741:
1718:
1684:
1678:
1659:
1639:
1633:
1616:
1610:
1602:Bibliography
1590:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1567:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1537:
1524:
1504:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:
1472:
1445:
1433:
1428:, p. 45
1421:
1402:
1396:
1359:
1352:
1340:
1313:. Retrieved
1309:
1262:. Retrieved
1257:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1214:Sweeney 1968
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1192:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1166:
1144:Nicholl 1989
1139:
1109:, p. 7.
1102:
1095:Carroll 1982
1090:
1078:
1071:Sweeney 1968
1066:
1054:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1011:
980:
957:
950:
920:
882:Kampong Ayer
847:royal emblem
836:
832:Brunei River
821:
782:
767:
755:black pepper
746:
727:Kinabatangan
704:
688:
675:Suluk people
670:
650:
646:
624:
618:
607:
599:
596:
591:
580:
567:
563:
551:
527:
523:
521:
511:
500:
498:
478:Kapuas River
454:16th century
451:
434:Ong Sum Ping
427:
391:, including
366:
318:
301:Sultan Salan
300:
296:
288:
255:
226:
214:
213:
146:
43:
2094:Abdul Momin
1964:Abdul Kahar
1843:Abdul Kahar
1664:(5): 1–35.
824:Abdul Kahar
793:Raja Sambas
785:Iban people
700:Banjarmasin
695:Sulu Sultan
466:Tanjungpura
385:Philippines
305:Boxer Codex
278:introduced
274:. Those 40
261:blacksmiths
235:ناخودا راڬم
207:Sunni Islam
166:Regnal name
97:Abdul Kahar
83:Predecessor
2162:Categories
1938:Sharif Ali
1837:1485–1524
1574:1 November
1544:1 November
1258:AHA Centre
938:References
866:(IBTE) in
837:Bolkiah's
625:kota kafir
604:Brunei Bay
602:(city) in
592:Pulau Java
554:skin tones
486:expedition
458:Tomé Pires
397:Kotaringin
389:Kalimantan
363:Succession
309:manuscript
74:Coronation
2020:Nasruddin
2015:Muhyiddin
1709:163116118
1656:Low, Hugh
943:Citations
870:, Brunei.
842:mausoleum
839:sandstone
828:mausoleum
547:courtiers
401:Pontianak
113:Kota Batu
93:Successor
68:1485–1524
1943:Sulaiman
1826:Sulaiman
1782:41491947
1756:41511016
1701:20071079
1670:41560643
1648:41559952
1625:41493606
1107:Low 1880
1047:Low 1880
895:See also
737:Selangor
723:Bulungan
719:Makassar
680:Javanese
667:Seludong
614:heathens
529:Victoria
526:and the
524:Trinidad
512:Trinidad
507:flagship
502:alguacil
423:Seludong
413:Bolongan
276:Javanese
258:Javanese
249:and the
243:Sulaiman
203:Religion
87:Sulaiman
49:Bolkiah
1948:Bolkiah
1805:14 July
1487:27 June
1315:14 July
1264:14 July
1199:14 July
1173:14 July
1017:14 July
880:, near
684:Kedayan
558:brocade
462:Malacca
383:in the
369:Sarawak
340:
321:Bornean
303:in the
272:casting
187:Bolkiah
1780:
1754:
1726:
1707:
1699:
1668:
1646:
1623:
1512:
1409:
1367:
1260:. 2016
1195:. 2014
987:
826:. The
797:Sambas
707:Ilanun
651:Every
509:, the
452:Early
405:Banjar
393:Sambas
377:Manila
284:Brunei
269:cannon
265:Brunei
247:Borneo
193:Father
148:Detail
133:Spouse
123:Burial
117:Brunei
1933:Ahmad
1796:(PDF)
1778:JSTOR
1752:JSTOR
1705:S2CID
1697:JSTOR
1666:JSTOR
1644:JSTOR
1621:JSTOR
1564:(PDF)
1534:(PDF)
1254:(PDF)
1163:(PDF)
912:Notes
868:Seria
711:Bugis
637:Burma
609:kafir
583:Luzon
570:junks
539:linen
535:cloak
517:barge
409:Barau
373:Sabah
358:Reign
352:drums
329:Malay
325:Malay
315:Title
182:House
142:Issue
65:Reign
52:بلقية
1807:2024
1724:ISBN
1576:2021
1546:2021
1510:ISBN
1489:2016
1407:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1317:2024
1266:2024
1201:2024
1175:2024
1019:2024
985:ISBN
783:The
747:The
715:Datu
709:and
661:and
633:Pegu
619:The
600:kota
474:Java
411:and
379:and
371:and
350:and
348:lute
338:lit.
323:and
231:Jawi
219:Jawi
110:1524
107:Died
78:1485
1689:doi
787:of
484:'s
425:".
311:.
282:to
2164::
2147:–
2143:–
1774:41
1772:.
1748:47
1746:.
1703:.
1695:.
1685:20
1683:.
1640:18
1638:.
1617:55
1615:.
1566:.
1536:.
1480:.
1457:^
1379:^
1325:^
1308:.
1291:^
1274:^
1256:.
1191:.
1165:.
1151:^
1114:^
1010:.
999:^
967:^
772:,
721:,
549:.
496:.
488:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
395:,
335:,
331::
286:.
253:.
233::
221::
115:,
1874:e
1867:t
1860:v
1809:.
1784:.
1758:.
1732:.
1711:.
1691::
1672:.
1650:.
1627:.
1578:.
1548:.
1518:.
1491:.
1415:.
1373:.
1319:.
1268:.
1203:.
1177:.
1021:.
993:.
930:"
924:"
884:.
635:(
229:(
217:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.