Nanyue - Knowledge (XXG)

3717: 3740:), capturing Nanyue's naval fleet and provisions. Seizing the opportunity, they continued south and defeated the first wave of Nanyue defenders before stopping to await the company led by Lu Bode. Lu's forces were mostly convicts freed in exchange for military service and made slow time, so at the planned rendezvous date with Yang Pu only a thousand of Lu's men had arrived. They went ahead with the attack anyway, and Yang's men led the advance into Panyu where Lü Jia and Zhao Jiande had fortified inside the inner walls. Yang Pu set up a camp southeast of the city and, as darkness fell, set the city on fire. Lu Bode encamped the northwest side of the city and sent soldiers up to the walls to encourage the Nanyue soldiers to surrender. As the night passed, more and more Panyu defenders defected to Lu Bode's camp out of desperation, so that as dawn arrived most of the Nanyue soldiers were gone. Lü Jia and Zhao Jiande realized Panyu was lost and fled the city by boat, heading west before the sun rose. Upon interrogating the surrendered soldiers, the Han generals learned of the two Nanyue leaders' escape and sent men after them. Zhao Jiande was caught first, and Lü Jia was captured in what is now 4131:

in the government. Lü Jia, the last prime minister of the Kingdom, was a Yue citizen, and over 70 of his kinsmen served as officials in various parts of the government. In areas of particular "complexity", as they were called, Yue chieftains were often enfeoffed with great autonomy, such as in Xixu. Under the impetus of Zhao Tuo's leadership, Chinese immigrants were encouraged to adopt the customs of the Yue. Marriages between the Han Chinese and Yue became increasingly common throughout Nanyue's existence, and even occurred in the Zhao royal family. Many marriages between the Zhao royal family (who were Han Chinese) and the Lü family (Yue – they likely adopted Chinese names early in Nanyue's history) were recorded. Zhao Jiande, Nanyue's last king, was the son of previous king Zhao Yingqi and his Yue wife. Despite the dominating influence of the Chinese newcomers on the Hundred Yue, the amount of assimilation gradually increased over time.

3350:) to Nanyue in hopes of obtaining Zhao Tuo's allegiance. After arriving, Lu met with Zhao Tuo and is said to have found him dressed in Yue clothing and being greeted after their customs, which enraged him. A long exchange ensued, wherein Lu is said to have admonished Zhao Tuo, pointing out that he was Chinese, not Yue, and should have maintained the dress and decorum of the Chinese and not have forgotten the traditions of his ancestors. Lu lauded the strength of the Han court and warned against a kingdom as small as Nanyue daring to oppose it. He further threatened to kill Zhao's kinsmen in China proper and destroying their ancestral graveyards, as well as coercing the Yue into deposing Zhao himself. Following the threat, Zhao Tuo then decided to receive Emperor Gaozu's seal and submit to Han authority. Trade relations were established at the border between Nanyue and the Han 3385:, Hebei) who killed much of Zhao's extended family and desecrated the ancestral graveyard there. Zhao Tuo believed that Wu Chen, the Prince of Changsha, had made false accusations against him to get Empress Dowager Lü to block the trade between the states and to prepare to conquer the Nanyue to merge into his principality of Changsha. In revenge, he then declared himself the emperor of Nanyue and attacked the principality of Changsha and captured some neighboring towns under Han domain. Lü sent general Zhou Zao to punish Zhao Tuo. However, in the hot and humid climate of the south, an epidemic broke out quickly amongst the soldiers, and the weakened army was unable to cross the mountains, forcing them to withdraw which ended in Nanyue victory, but the military conflict did not stop until the Empress died. Zhao Tuo then annexed the neighboring state of 3175:) Yue tribe went smoothly, and Western Valley chieftain Yi-Xu-Song was killed. However, the Western Valley Yue were unwilling to submit to the Qin and fled into the jungle where they selected a new leader to continue resisting the Chinese armies. Later, a night-time counterattack by the Western Valley Yue devastated the Qin troops, and General Tu Sui was killed in the fighting. The Qin suffered heavy losses, and the imperial court selected General Zhao Tuo to assume command of the Chinese army. In 214 BC, the First Emperor dispatched Ren Xiao and Zhao Tuo at the head of reinforcements to once again mount an attack. This time, the Western Valley Yue were completely defeated, and the Lingnan region was brought entirely under Chinese control. In the same year, the Qin court established the 3612:, he dispatched a man named Han Qianqiu with 2,000 officials to Nanyue to wrest control from Lü Jia. In 112 BC, the men crossed into Nanyue territory, and Lü Jia finally executed his plan. He and those loyal to him appealed to the citizens that Zhao Xing was but a youth, Queen Dowager Jiu a foreigner who was plotting with the Han emissaries with the intent to turn the country over to Han China, giving over all of Nanyue's treasures to the Han Emperor and selling Yue citizens to the Imperial court as slaves with no thought for the welfare of the Yue people themselves. With the people's support, Lü Jia and his younger brother led a large group of men into the king's palace, killing Zhao Xing, Queen Dowager Jiu, and all the Han emissaries in the capital. 3596:

requesting that they would join Han China, that they might have an audience with the Emperor every third year, and that the borders between Han China and Nanyue might be dissolved. The Emperor Wu granted her requests and sent Imperial seals to the Prime Minister and other senior officials, symbolizing that the Han court expected to directly control the appointments of senior officials. He also abolished the penal tattooing and nose-removal criminal punishments that were practiced among the Yue and instituted Han legal statutes. Emissaries that had been sent to Nanyue were instructed to remain there to ensure the stability of Han control. Upon receiving their Imperial decrees, King Zhao and the Queen Dowager began planning to leave for Chang'an.

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Han emissaries would become enraged and kill Lü. However, Lü's younger brother had surrounded the palace with armed guards, and the Han emissaries, led by Anguo Shaoji, didn't dare attack Lü. Sensing the danger of the moment, Lü excused himself and stood to leave the palace. The Queen Dowager herself became furious and tried to grab a spear with which to kill the Prime Minister personally, but she was stopped by her son, the king. Lü Jia instructed his brother's armed men to surround his compound and stand guard and feigned illness, refusing to meet with King Zhao or any Han emissaries. At the same time, he began seriously plotting the upcoming coup with other officials.

5105: 5021: 1147: 5121: 5033: 5045: 4704: 5081: 4696: 4997: 4913:, the lack of any trace of Austroasiatic in relevant ancient records, or in the neighbouring Tai languages, as well as the short time depth of Proto-Vietic, that "here is no evidence of Vietic, Proto-Việt-Mường or other Austroasiatic speakers living in and around Jiaozhi in the lower Red River basin prior to the 10th or 11th centuries." However, John Phan (2010), citing Maspero 1912, Wang 1948, & Miyake 2003, points out the existence of an "Early Sino-Vietnamese" layer of loanwords traceable back to 105: 4227: 5009: 5172: 5157: 4218: 4296: 5057: 5133: 4685: 5093: 3592:. At the time, Zhao Xing was still young and the Queen Dowager was a recent immigrant to Nanyue, so final authority in matters of state rested in the hands of Prime Minister Lü Jia. Before the Queen Dowager married Zhao Yingqi, it was widely rumored that she had had an affair with Anguo Shaoji, and they were said to have renewed it when he was sent to Nanyue, which caused the Nanyue citizens to lose confidence in her rule. 3403: 5069: 3296: 4169: 2938: 3471:, and even sent his son Zhao Yingqi to return with Yan to the Chinese capital. Before the king could ever leave for Chang'an himself, one of his ministers strenuously advised against going for fear that Emperor Wu would find some pretext to prevent him from returning, thus leading to the destruction of Nanyue. King Zhao Mo thereupon feigned illness and never travelled to the Han capital. 3459: 122: 2102: 5830:

Việt của Triệu Đề, triều đình nhà Triệu tan rã lúc bấy giờ thừa tướng Lữ Gia, một tướng tài của triều đình đã rút khỏi kinh đô Phiên Ngung (thuộc Quảng Đông – Trung Quốc ngày nay). Về đóng ở núi Long Động – Lập Thạch, chống lại quân Hán do Lộ Bác Đức chỉ huy hơn 10 năm (từ 111- 98 TCN), suốt thời gian đó Ông cùng các thổ hào và nhân dân đánh theo quân nhà Hán thất điên bát đảo."

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criticized Zhao Xing on numerous occasions, though his outcries were ignored. Lü decided to begin planning a coup and feigned illness to avoid meeting the emissaries of the Han court. The emissaries were well aware of Lü's influence in the kingdom – it easily rivalled that of the king – but were never able to remove him.

4054:, he enfeoffed a Yue chieftain as King of Xixu in order to allow the Yue of that area to enjoy autonomy under a ruler of their own ethnicity. The chieftain's name is unknown, but he was a descendant of Yi-Xu-Song, the chieftain killed while fighting the original Chinese invasion under the Qin dynasty. 4266:

Nanyue's second period of submission to the Han dynasty lasted from 179 BC to 112 BC. This period began with Zhao Tuo abandoning his title of "Emperor" and declaring allegiance to the Han Empire, but the submission is mostly superficial as Zhao Tuo was referred to as emperor throughout Nanyue and the

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suggested sending Lu Jia to Nanyue as they were familiar with each other. Lu arrived once more in Panyu and delivered a letter from the Emperor emphasizing that Empress Lü's policies were what had caused the hostility between Nanyue and the Han court and brought suffering to the border citizens. Zhao

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The relations between Nanyue and Minyue can be classified into three stages: the first, from 196 BC to 183 BC, was during Zhao Tuo's first submission to the Han dynasty, and the two kingdoms were on relatively equal footing. The second stage was from 183 BC to 135 BC, when Minyue submitted to Nanyue

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as the first King of Changsha, he also gave him the power to govern Nanhai, Xiang, and Guiling Commanderies, which caused strife between Changsha and Nanyue from the start. The Han China-Nanyue border was essentially that of Changsha, and therefore was constantly fortified on both sides. In terms of

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Chiếc ấn đồng khối vuông "Tư (Việt) phố hầu ấn" có đúc hình rùa trên lưng được thương nhân cũng là nhà sưu tầm người Bỉ tên là Clement Huet mua được ở Thanh Hóa hồi trước thế chiến II (hiện bày ở Bảo tàng Nghệ thuật và Lịch sử Hoàng Gia Bỉ, Brussel) được cho là của viên điển sứ tước hầu ở Cửu Chân.

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vol.1-6, p91, 2003 "In 111 B.C. there prevailed a historical personage of the name of Tay Vu Vuong who took advantage of troubles circumstances in the early period of Chinese domination to raise his power, and finally was killed by his general assistant, Hoang Dong. Professor Tran Quoc Vuong saw in

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proactively promoted a policy of assimilating the two cultures into each other. Although the Han were certainly dominant in holding leadership positions, the overwhelming disparity was largest immediately after the Qin conquest. Over time, the Yue gradually began holding more positions of authority

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recorded a story that the Queen Dowager and the Zhao Xing invited Lü to a banquet with several Han emissaries where they hoped to find a chance to kill Lü: during the banquet, the Queen Dowager mentioned that Prime Minister Lü was against Nanyue submitting to the Han dynasty, with the hope that the

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Prime Minister Lü Jia was much older than most officials and had served since the reign of Zhao Xing's grandfather Zhao Mo. His family was the preeminent Yue family in Nanyue and was thoroughly intermarried with the Zhao royal family. He vehemently opposed Nanyue's submission to the Han dynasty and

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region devolved into chaos. Soon after the first insurrections, Nanhai Lieutenant Ren Xiao became gravely ill and summoned Zhao Tuo to hear his dying instructions. Ren described the natural advantages of the southern region and described how a kingdom could be founded with the many Chinese settlers

4909:. Chamberlain demonstrates with textual evidence that many rebel groups during the Tang dynasty originated from the Cả River and subsequently pushed northward to the Red River, linking this to the linguistic shift. Chamberlain demonstrates, based on the concentration of linguistic diversity of the 4057:

Nanyue's bureaucracy was, like the famed bureaucracy of the Qin dynasty, divided into central and regional governments. The central government comprised a prime minister who held military and administrative authority, inner scribes who served under the prime minister, overseeing Censors of various

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Theo nhiều thư tịch cổ và các công trình nghiên cứu, sưu tầm của nhiều nhà khoa học nổi tiếng trong nước, cùng với sự truyền lại của nhân dân từ đời này sang đời khác, của các cụ cao tuổi ở Bạch Lưu, Hải Lựu và các xã lân cận thì vào cuối thế kỷ thứ II trước công nguyên, nhà Hán tấn công nước Nam

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to send troops to Nanyue's aid against what he called "the rebels of Minyue". The Emperor lauded Zhao Mo for his vassal loyalty and sent Wang Hui, an official governing ethnic minorities, and agricultural official Han Anguo at the head of an army with orders to separate and attack Minyue from two

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and reunified Central China in 202 BC. The fighting had left many areas of China depopulated and impoverished, and feudal lords continued to rebel while the Xiongnu made frequent incursions into northern Chinese territory. The precarious state of the empire therefore forced the Han court to treat

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to Emperor Wu suggesting a gathering of 100,000 elite soldiers at Yelang who would navigate the Zangke River and launch a surprise attack on Nanyue. Emperor Wu agreed with Tang's plan and promoted him to General of Langzhong and had him lead a thousand soldiers with a multitude of provisions and

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enthroning Zhao Tuo as King of Nanyue. This period lasted thirteen years until 183 BC, during which time significant trade took place. Nanyue paid tribute in rarities from the south, and the Han court bestowed gifts of iron tools, horses, and cattle upon Nanyue. At the same time, the countries'

3713:, declared his intention to participate in the Han dynasty's attack on Nanyue and sent 8,000 men to support Yang Pu's company. However, upon reaching Jieyang, they pretended to have encountered severe winds that prevented them from advancing, and secretly sent details of the invasion to Nanyue. 3595:

Fearful of losing her position of authority, Queen Dowager Jiu persuaded Zhao Xing and his ministers to fully submit to Han dynasty rule, shifting Nanyue from an outer vassal state (外属诸侯国) to an inner vassal state (内属诸侯国) to Han dynasty. At the same time, she dispatched a memorial to Emperor Wu

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when they were ambushed by a regiment of Nanyue soldiers and completely annihilated. Lü Jia then took the imperial tokens of the Han emissaries and placed them in a ceremonial wooden box, then attached to it a fake letter of apology and installed it on the border of Han and Nanyue, along with

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ascended the throne as Emperor of the Han. He reversed many of the previous policies of Empress Lü and took a conciliatory attitude toward Zhao Tuo and Nanyue. He ordered officials to revisit Zhending, garrison the town, and make offerings to Zhao Tuo's ancestors regularly. His prime minister

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After the assassinations of Zhao Xing, the Queen Dowager, and the Han emissaries, Lü Jia ensured that Zhao Jiande, Zhao Yingqi's eldest son by his native Yue wife, took the throne, and quickly sent messengers to spread the news to the feudal rulers and officials of various areas of Nanyue.

4395:'s final attack on Nanyue, most of the Yi tribes refused to assist in the invasion. One chieftain called Qie-Lan went so far as to openly oppose the move, later killing the emissary sent by the Han to his territory as well as the provincial governor installed in the Qianwei Commandery. 5855:

Từ điển bách khoa quân sự Việt Nam, 2004, p564 "KHỞI NGHĨA TÂY VU VƯƠNG (lll TCN), khởi nghĩa của người Việt ở Giao Chỉ chống ách đô hộ của nhà Triệu (TQ). Khoảng cuối lll TCN, nhân lúc nhà Triệu suy yếu, bị nhà Tây Hán (TQ) thôn tính, một thủ lĩnh người Việt (gọi là Tây Vu Vương,

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after seeing it defeat the Han dynasty's first attack on Nanyue. The third stage began in 135 BC when King Wang Ying attacked a weakened Nanyue, forcing Zhao Mo to seek aid from Han China. Minyue once again submitted to the Han dynasty, making itself and Nanyue equals once more.

4837:. However, later historians in the 18th century started questioning this view. Ngô Thì Sĩ argued that Zhao Tuo was a foreign invader and Nanyue a foreign dynasty that should not be included in Vietnamese history. This view became the mainstream among Vietnamese historians in 1101:

considered Nanyue to be a legitimate state of Vietnam and the official starting point of their history. However, starting in the 18th century, the view that Nanyue was not a legitimate Vietnamese state and Zhao Tuo was a foreign invader started gaining traction. After

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Nanyue's final period of antagonism with Han China was the war that proved Nanyue's destruction as a kingdom. At the time of Prime Minister Lü Jia's rebellion, Han China was enjoying a period of growth, economic prosperity, and military success, having consistently

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Zhao Tuo followed the Commandery-County system of the Qin dynasty when organizing the Kingdom of Nanyue. He left Nanhai Commandery and Guilin Commandery intact, then divided Xiang Commandery into the Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen Commanderies. Nanhai comprised most of modern

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watershed. Descendants of Yi-Xu-Song, the chieftain killed resisting the Qin armies, acted as self-imposed governors of the Xi'ou clans. At the time of Nanyue's defeat by the Han dynasty, there were several hundred thousand Xi'ou people in Guilin Commandery alone.

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Tuo decided to submit to the Han once again, withdrawing his title of "emperor" and reverting to "king", and Nanyue became Han's subject state. However, most of the changes were superficial, and Zhao Tuo continued to be referred to as "emperor" throughout Nanyue.

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Nanyue's first period of antagonism with the Han dynasty lasted from 183 BC to 179 BC, when trade was suspended and Zhao Tuo severed relations with the Han. During this period, Zhao Tuo openly referred to himself as Emperor and launched an attack against the

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Beginning with its first allegiance to the Han dynasty in 196 BC, Nanyue alternately went through two periods of allegiance to and then opposition with the Han dynasty that continued until Nanyue's destruction at the hands of the Han dynasty in early 111 BC.

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Immediately following Minyue's surrender to the Han army, Wang Hui had dispatched a man named Tang Meng, local governor of Panyang County, to deliver the news to Zhao Mo. While in Nanyue, Tang Meng was introduced to the Yue custom of eating a sauce made from

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Afterwards, the other commanderies and counties of Nanyue surrendered to the Han dynasty, ending Nanyue's 93-year existence as an autonomous and mostly sovereign kingdom. When news of Nanyue's defeat reached Emperor Wu, he was staying in Zuoyi County in

4823:. While traditional Vietnamese historiography considered the Triệu dynasty to be an orthodox regime, modern Vietnamese scholars generally regard it as a foreign regime that ruled Vietnam. The oldest text compiled by a Vietnamese court, the 13th century 3646:

The 2,000 men led by Han Qianqiu began attacking towns along the Han-Nanyue border, and the Yue residents ceased resisting them, instead giving them supplies and safe passage. The group of men advanced quickly through Nanyue territory and were only 40

4391:, with this explaining the close relationship between Yelang and Nanyue. After Nanyue first repelled the Han, nearly all of the Yi tribes declared allegiance to Nanyue, and most of them retained that allegiance until Nanyue's demise in 111 BC. During 3658:

military reinforcements. When Emperor Wu heard of the coup and Prime Minister Lü's actions, he became enraged. After issuing compensation to the families of the slain emissaries, he decreed the immediate mobilization of an army to attack Nanyue.

4263:, a feudal state of the Han dynasty, and Han troops were sent to engage Nanyue. Nanyue's armies successfully halted the southern progress of the advance, winning the respect and then allegiance of the neighboring kingdoms of Minyue and Yelang. 3845:, and that this area was also under Nanyue control. However, scholars have recently stated that the Qin likely never conquered territory in what is now Vietnam, and that Chinese domination there was first accomplished by the Nanyue themselves. 4940:

or both. Citing other scholars (Shafer 1970, Blust 1996, Sagart 2004, Sagart 2005, Ostapirat 2013, Kelley 2013, and Chamberlain), Joachim Schliesinger states that the theory that the Vietnamese language was originally based in the area of the

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Zhao Tuo wrote that he only considered his native subjects to be "barbarians". Vietnamese historian Ngô Thì Sĩ (1726–1780) refused to consider Zhao Tuo as a Vietnamese leader, saying that he was based in Panyu (Guangzhou), and only ruled the

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The Emperor sent court emissary Yan Zhu to the Nanyue capital to give an official report of Minyue's surrender to Zhao Mo, who had Yan return his gratitude to the Emperor along with a promise that Zhao would come visit the Imperial Court in

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In 206 BC the Qin dynasty ceased to exist, and the Yue peoples of Guilin and Xiang were largely independent once more. In 204 BC, Zhao Tuo founded the Kingdom of Nanyue, with Panyu as capital, and declared himself the Martial King of Nanyue

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Gold seal excavated from the tomb of Zhao Mo, second King of Nanyue. The seal's characters, shown in detail on the right, read 文帝行壐 ("Imperial Seal of Emperor Wen"), which demonstrates the first Nanyue rulers' Emperor status within Nanyue

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rank and position, commanders of the Imperial Guard, senior officials who carried out the King's official administration, as well as all military officers and officials of the Food, Music, Transportation, Agriculture, and other bureaus.

3512:) into Yelang. Many of the carts carried ceremonial gifts which Yelang presented to the feudal lords of Yelang as bribes to declare allegiance to the Han dynasty, which they did, and Yelang became Qianwei Commandery of the Han Empire. 4042:. Imperial documents from Nanyue record that princes were enfeoffed at Cangwu, Xixu, as well as local lords at Gaochang and elsewhere. Zhao Guang, a relative of Zhao Tuo, was made King of Cangwu, and his holdings were what is now 4880:

suggested that ethnic Vietnamese are descended from the ancient Yuè of northern Vietnam and western Guangdong. However, the Austroasiatic predecessor of modern Vietnamese language has been proven to originate in modern-day

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family) as Queen and Zhao Xing as Crown Prince, a move that eventually brought disaster upon Nanyue. Zhao Yingqi was reputed to be a tyrant who killed citizens with flippant abandon. He died of illness around 113 BC.

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sentiment. Zhao Tuo built up and reinforced his army, fearing an attack by the Han. However, when relations between the Han and Nanyue improved, in 179 BC Zhao Tuo marched southward and successfully annexed Âu Lạc.

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Nanyue's army was largely composed of the several hundred thousand (up to 500,000) Qin Chinese troops that invaded during the Qin dynasty and their descendants. After the kingdom's founding in 204 BC, some

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peoples of what is now southern China. Around 218 BC, the First Emperor dispatched General Tu Sui with an army of 500,000 Qin soldiers to divide into five companies and attack the Hundred Yue tribes of the

3870:. The Han Chinese population consisted of descendants of Qin armies sent to conquer the south, as well as girls who worked as army prostitutes, exiled Qin officials, exiled criminals, merchants and so on. 4950:-speaking, ethnic Hlai people in particular. The area is believed to have become Vietnamese-speaking as late as the tenth century, as a result of immigration from the south, i.e., modern central Vietnam. 4945:

in what is now northern Vietnam has been widely rejected by modern Western scholarship, based on historical records and linguistic evidence. The Red River Delta region is now considered to be originally

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Although Nanyue continued the Commandery-County system of the Qin dynasty, its leaders later enfeoffed their own feudal princes and lords – a mark of its sovereignty – in a manner similar to that of the

4921:) invented from original verbs, rather than borrowed foreign words, lexical items corresponding to innovations like "trident", "oar", "pan to cook sticky rice", & "pestle", characteristic of the 1054:

of China and were all of Han Chinese in origin. They were responsible for bringing Chinese-style bureaucracy and handicraft techniques to inhabitants of southern regions, as well as knowledge of the

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in northern Vietnam, and the Pan River watershed in Guizhou. The Chinese name "Luo", which denoted a white horse with a black mane, is said to have been applied to them after the Chinese saw their

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him the Tay Vu chief having in hands tens of thousands of households, governing thousands miles of land and establishing his center in Co Loa area (59.239). Tay Vu and Tay Au is in fact the same.

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kingdom retained its autonomy. Zhao Tuo's four successors did not display the strength he had, and Nanyue dependence on Han China slowly grew, characterized by second king Zhao Mo calling upon

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After hearing of his father's serious illness, Zhao Yingqi received permission from Emperor Wu to return to Nanyue. After Zhao Mo's death, Yingqi assumed the Nanyue throne. Before leaving for

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era of China; tiger Tallies were separated into two pieces, one held by the emperor, the other given to a military commander as a symbol of imperial authority and ability to command troops.

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In 137 BC, Zhao Tuo died, having lived over one hundred years. Because of his great age, his son, the Crown Prince Zhao Shi, had preceded him in death, and therefore Zhao Tuo's grandson

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Nanyue enacted several other policies that reflected Chinese dominance, such as the household registration system (an early form of census), as well as the promulgation of the use of

5144: 3242:), and other garrisons to fortify themselves against any northern troops. He also executed Qin officials still stationed in Nanhai and replaced them with his own trusted friends. 1015:

while in practice it was autonomous. Nanyue rulers sometimes paid symbolic obeisance to the Han dynasty but referred to themselves as emperor. In 113 BC, fourth-generation leader

5104: 6200:", in The International Conference on Tai Studies, ed. S. Burusphat, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 97-128. Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University. 5020: 4715:, covers 15,000 square metres. Excavated in 1995, it contains the remains of the ancient Nanyue palace. In 1996, it was listed as protected National Cultural Property by the 6522: 4985:

in Guangzhou. The Nanyue tomb in Guangzhou is extremely rich. There are quite a number of bronzes that show cultural influences from the Han, Chu, Yue and Ordos regions.

6552: 3971:, Nanyue's political and bureaucratic systems were, at first, essentially just continuations of those of the Qin Empire itself. Because of Zhao Tuo's submissions to the 3685:. The third and fourth companies were led by Zheng Yan and Tian Jia, both Yue chieftains who had joined the Han dynasty. The third company left from Lingling (modern 5032: 6572: 6547: 5464: 5044: 4351:

in the 3rd century BC and the area was organized under Qin control as the Minzhong Commandery, and Minyue ruler Wuzhu was deposed. Because of Wuzhu's support for

3833:. After 179 BC, Zhao Tuo persuaded Minyue, Yelang, Tongshi, and other areas to submit to Nanyue rule, but they were not strictly under Nanyue control. After the 3789:, meaning "Hearing of Glad News". After Lü Jia's capture he was executed by the Han soldiers and his head was sent to the emperor. Upon receiving it, he created 6344: 3504: 3223:

in the area to combat the warring groups in the Chinese north. He drafted a decree instating Zhao Tuo as the new Lieutenant of Nanhai, and died soon afterward.

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delta area, and Nanyue encompassing Nanhai, Guilin, and Xiang Commanderies. During the time when Nanyue and Âu Lạc co-existed, Âu Lạc acknowledged Nanyue's

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The Kingdom continued most of the Qin Commanderies' policies and practices dealing with the interactions between the local Yue and the Han immigrants, and

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policies, because the Kingdom of Changsha had no sovereignty whatsoever, any policy of the Han court toward Nanyue was by default also Changsha's policy.

3210:, Wu Guang, and others seized the opportunity to revolt against the Qin government. Insurrections spread throughout much of China (including those led by 5222: 4917:(25 AD–220 AD), which he claims was spoken in the 2nd century BCE. Ferlus (2009) also demonstrates that Northern Vietic (Việt–Mường) and Central Vietic ( 4749: 3564: 2063: 2003: 5080: 4841:

and later became the state orthodoxy after reunification. Nanyue was removed from the national history while Zhao Tuo was recast as a foreign invader.

4748:, the second ruler of Nanyue. The tomb was never disturbed by tomb robbers prior to this discovery, leaving most of the artifacts intact. In 1988, the 6542: 2642: 3541:. Together they had a son Zhao Xing. After assuming the Nanyue kingship, he petitioned the emperor to appoint his Chinese wife (who was from the Jiu 3144: 3049: 5120: 4161:

instead. It is plausible to say that the Yue spoke more than one language. Old Chinese in the region was likely much influenced by Yue speech (and

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There is evidence that Vietnamese elites of the Red River Delta, during the medieval ages, tried to invent an origin of their own (the legendary

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There was a fusion of Han and Nanyue cultures in significant ways, as shown by the artifacts unearthed by archaeologists from the tomb of King

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Guangzhou Xi Han Nanyue wang mu bo wu guan, Peter Y. K. Lam, Chinese University of Hong Kong. Art Gallery – 1991 – 303 pages – Snippet view

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Origin of the Tai People 6—Northern Tai-Speaking People of the Red River Delta and Their Habitat Today Volume 6 of Origin of the Tai People

4034:). The formalities extended to the ruler's family were on the level of that of the Han dynasty Emperor, rather than that of a feudal king. 2365: 5008: 2385: 2345: 2035: 1197: 510: 6577: 6303: 6278: 1187: 6241: 4825: 2759: 1864: 1097: 5987: 5711: 5550: 5474: 5447: 5416: 5384: 5354: 2893: 2873: 2482: 6103:

Vietnam and the Chinese Model: A Comparative Study of Vietnamese and Chinese Government in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century

4870: 4355:

after the collapse of the Qin dynasty and the founding of the Han, he was reinstated by the Han court as King of Minyue in 202 BC.

4279:

tribes along China's northern and northwestern borders. The weakened state of Nanyue and the strength of China at the time allowed

3147:, Hunan). The First Emperor assigned official Shi Lu to oversee supply logistics. Shi first led a regiment of soldiers through the 2829: 6128: 3455:. Before they reached Minyue, however, the Minyue king was assassinated by his younger brother Yu Shan, who promptly surrendered. 4047: 3674: 2959: 3975:, Nanyue also adopted many of the changes enacted by the Han, as well. At the same time, Nanyue enjoyed complete autonomy – and 3858:, and was divided by the Qin into Panyu, Longchuan, Boluo, and Jieyang Counties, to which Zhao Tuo added Zhenyang and Hankuang. 6532: 2228: 1618: 1046:

region to avoid the chaos and hardship surrounding the collapse of the Qin dynasty experienced by the northern, predominantly

517: 503: 478: 464: 6393: 6386: 6210: 6162: 5977: 5674: 5520: 4996: 3837:

defeated Nanyue, its territory was divided into the seven commanderies of Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, and

2981: 2056: 2008: 818: 728: 5132: 6597: 6582: 4761: 4716: 3736:

By winter of that year, Yang Pu's company had attacked Xunxia and moved on to destroy the northern gates of Panyu (modern

2849: 2336: 2030: 1956: 1891: 797: 3446:

on the towns along the two kingdoms' borders. Because Zhao Mo hadn't yet consolidated his rule, he was forced to implore

104: 3443: 2878: 2579: 1966: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 1775: 6587: 5842: 5056: 3979:

sovereignty – for most of its existence, so its rulers did enact several systems that were entirely unique to Nanyue.

3960: 3188: 2952: 2918: 2903: 2898: 2883: 2569: 2081: 2018: 1156: 662: 5374: 2355: 5344: 5171: 5156: 4898: 4703: 121: 6592: 6296:

Origin of the Tai People 5—Cradle of the Tai People and the Ethnic Setup Today Volume 5 of Origin of the Tai People

2422: 2218: 2023: 1111: 4844:

It has been suggested that the name "Vietnam" was derived from a combination of Quảng Nam Quốc (the domain of the

4695: 1566: 1556: 1524: 6602: 5777: 4328: 2049: 1986: 1951: 1220: 1130: 5232: 4966: 4928:

Evidence gathered by modern Western scholarship indicates that the Dong Son culture were most likely ethnically

2295: 2183: 1095:, the Vietnamese pronunciation of Nanyue. In traditional Vietnamese histogrioraphy, important works such as the 6562: 5092: 4162: 3764: 2913: 1369: 6226:

Phan, John. 2010. Phan, John. "Re-Imagining 'Annam': A New Analysis of Sino–Viet–Muong Linguistic Contact" in

6134: 5346:

Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400

4158: 3841:. It was traditionally believed that the Qin conquest of the southern regions included the northern half of 3725: 3420: 3131:, defeating them and establishing the Minzhong Commandery. The second company fortified at Nanye (in modern 31: 3410:, marking the positions of Han military garrisons that were employed in an attack against Nanyue in 181 BC. 2173: 1447: 956:) continued to rule until 111 BC. Nanyue's geographical expanse covered the modern Chinese subdivisions of 6557: 5437: 3533:

he had married a young Yue woman and had his eldest son Zhao Jiande. While in Chang'an, he also married a

3378: 2809: 2663: 1998: 1976: 1961: 1166: 1115: 1032: 394: 6170: 5304: 5279: 4315:

was, at the time, a feudal kingdom that was part of Han dynasty. Its territory comprised most of modern

1971: 1388: 180: 6345:

Kelley, Liam C. (2012). The Biography of the Hồng Bàng Clan as a Medieval Vietnamese Invented Tradition

5227: 4894: 3756: 2522: 2512: 2258: 5068: 4226: 4098:

citizens also joined the army. Nanyue's military officers were known as General, General of the Left,

3830: 3588:

for an audience with the Emperor, as well as two other officials with soldiers to await a response at

3184: 6161:. "Indo-Pacific prehistory: the Chiang Mai papers. Volume 2". Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association of 4882: 4853: 4834: 4752:

was constructed on this site, to display more than 1,000 excavated artefacts including 500 pieces of

4324: 4247: 4150: 3335: 3331: 3083: 2193: 2013: 1226: 5406: 3480: 3254:

laid south of Nanyue in the early years of Nanyue's existence, with Âu Lạc located primarily in the

992:, established Nanyue in 204 BC after the collapse of the Qin dynasty. At first, it consisted of the 6410: 6398: 6361: 6050: 5207: 4886: 4767:

A bronze seal inscribed "Tư Phố hầu ấn" (胥浦侯印, Seal for Captain of Tu Pho County) was uncovered at

4371:

lived west of Nanyue, and shared borders with Nanyue in Yelang, Wulian, Juding, and other regions.

3924: 3891:

lived in most of Guangxi and western Guangdong, with most of the population concentrated along the

3834: 3768: 3351: 3285: 3255: 2712: 2442: 2375: 1178: 1078:

region to the south. Nanyue rulers were then not against the assimilation of Yue and Han cultures.

949: 929: 841: 496: 72: 6197: 5212: 4849: 4295: 3662: 3629: 3483:. Surprised that such a product was available, he learned that there was a route from Shu (modern 2532: 783: 5111: 4153:, a now extinct language. Some scholars suggest that they spoke a language related to the modern 4062: 3810: 3690: 3476: 3415: 3370: 3187:

Commanderies, and Ren Xiao was made Lieutenant of Nanhai. Nanhai was further divided into Panyu,

3156: 2559: 2550: 2403: 2286: 2111: 2090: 1161: 993: 764: 756: 5192: 4800: 4760:

and 246 pieces of metal, all of which provide invaluable information about Nanyue. In 1996, the

4404: 4217: 4006:

system based (like China's) on Emperors' reign periods. Succession in the monarchy was based on

3721: 3682: 3677:). The second company was led by Commander Yang Pu and advanced from Yuzhang Commandery (modern 3167:

water systems ensure the safety of the Qin supply routes. The Qin attack of the Western Valley (

3135:), and was designed to put defensive pressure on the southern clans. The third company occupied 3063: 2318: 1082: 1020: 953: 299: 4868:'s request to change his country's name to Nam Việt, and changed the name instead to Việt Nam. 1110:

and after Vietnam was reunified, it became the official state orthodoxy promoted by the ruling

6382: 6299: 6274: 6138: 6107: 6101: 5983: 5707: 5670: 5587: 5546: 5540: 5516: 5512: 5470: 5443: 5412: 5380: 5350: 5268: 4914: 4684: 4392: 4280: 4268: 3908: 3826: 3822: 3609: 3581: 3452: 3447: 3362: 3180: 3176: 2839: 2601: 2238: 2131: 1909: 1232: 1059: 1028: 1001: 997: 985: 712: 704: 6466: 5640: 4149:, which was used by Han settlers and government officials, native Nanyue people likely spoke 2819: 2462: 6025: 5504: 4955: 4942: 4922: 4910: 4804: 4784: 4384: 4343:

was located northeast of Nanyue along China's southeast coast, and comprised much of modern

4320: 4312: 4304: 4276: 4260: 4251: 4173: 4140: 4027: 3987: 3749: 3741: 3382: 3277: 3168: 3132: 3002: 2908: 2652: 2590: 2268: 2248: 1588: 1146: 1138: 1067: 1055: 895: 627: 560: 149: 52: 5843:"List of temples related to Triệu dynasty and Nam Việt kingdom in modern Vietnam and China" 5584:

Hanshu Volume 95 The Southwest Peoples, Two Yues, and Chaoxian: Translation with Commentary

4775:

during the 1930s. Owing to the similarity to seals found at the tomb of the second king of

2502: 6537: 6517: 6502: 6183: 5824: 4906: 4861: 4344: 4154: 4015: 4007: 3932: 3745: 3560: 3366: 3354:. Although formally a Han subject state, Nanyue seems to have retained a large measure of 3231: 3140: 937: 874: 690: 86: 5689: 4829:, considered Nanyue to be the official starting point of their history. According to the 3785:

while travelling to perform imperial inspections, and promptly created the new county of

3503:) which allowed direct access to the Nanyue capital Panyu. Tang Meng thereupon drafted a 2472: 2432: 676: 3580:

Zhao Xing succeeded his father as king, and his mother became Queen Dowager. In 113 BC,

3361:

After the death of Liu Bang in 195 BC, the government was put in the hands of his wife,

855: 6417: 6158: 6020:

Liu Min, "Ultimate Conclusions on 'Kai Guan' – A View of Han-Nanyue Relations From the

5202: 4877: 4316: 4086: 3936: 3814: 3509: 3402: 3226:

After Ren's death, Zhao Tuo, sent orders to his troops in Hengpu Pass (north of modern

2942: 2923: 2702: 2412: 1981: 1490: 1407: 5217: 3251: 2308: 1019:

sought to have Nanyue formally included as part of the Han Empire. His prime minister

483: 371: 6496: 5505: 4970: 4947: 4937: 4918: 4838: 4023: 3790: 3079: 2674: 2628: 2492: 2452: 1280: 1247: 1107: 3967:

Because the Kingdom of Nanyue was established by Zhao Tuo, a Chinese general of the

1023:

objected vehemently and subsequently killed Zhao Xing, installing his elder brother

5536: 4959: 4845: 4242:

The first period of Nanyue's subordination to the Han dynasty began in 196 BC when

4011: 4003: 3786: 3706: 3492: 3219: 3192: 3148: 3120: 3087: 2799: 2789: 1855: 1831: 1818: 1805: 1749: 1730: 1720: 1708: 1646: 1360: 1350: 1327: 1103: 1075: 1012: 773: 634: 580: 156: 6056:

Tư Phố là tên quận trị đóng ở khu vực làng Ràng (Thiệu Dương, Thanh Hóa) hiện nay.

5979:

The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC

4168: 6376: 6069: 5809: 5318: 5298: 5293: 5273: 4791:. The goods were found buried alongside the tomb of the second king of Nam Viet. 3744:. Based on many temples of Lü Jia (Lữ Gia), his wives and soldiers scattering in 3218:, who would later face off over the founding of the next dynasty) and the entire 6484: 6462: 6405: 5878: 4929: 4720: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4388: 4348: 4146: 4095: 4066: 4051: 4039: 3972: 3968: 3867: 3698: 3697:). The fifth company was led by He Yi and was composed mainly of prisoners from 3649: 3639: 3585: 3575: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3468: 3326: 3263: 3199:

counties (among several others), and Zhao Tuo was made magistrate of Longchuan.

3164: 3152: 3111: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3071: 3031: 2986: 2121: 1946: 1762: 1633: 1477: 1467: 1457: 1435: 1422: 1256: 1047: 1024: 1008: 989: 811: 567: 469: 348: 324: 271: 247: 161: 145: 4002:

were referred to as "Emperor" within Nanyue's borders. The kingdom had its own

3907:

clans lived in what is now western and southern Guangxi, northern Vietnam, the

3760: 3584:

sent senior minister Anguo Shaoji to Nanyue summon Zhao Xing and his mother to

3458: 3295: 2101: 1027:

on the throne and forcing a confrontation with the Han dynasty. The next year,

4933: 4753: 4707:

Jade Openwork Disk with Dragon and Phoenix excavated from the tomb of Zhao Mo.

3710: 3705:

with soldiers from Yelang; they sailed directly down the Zangke River (modern

3702: 3259: 3207: 3203: 3103: 2204: 2152: 2142: 1514: 1303: 5881:, Vol. 95, Story of Xi Nan Yi Liang Yue Zhao Xian, wrote: "故甌駱將左黃同斬西于王，封爲下鄜侯" 5825:"Lễ hội chọi trâu xã Hải Lựu (16–17 tháng Giêng hằng năm) Phần I (tiep theo)" 4106:("Captain"), etc., essentially identical to the Chinese system. The army had 3062:虎符, or Tiger Tally, made of bronze with gold inlay, found in the tomb of the 4768: 4741: 4737: 4712: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4368: 4300: 3920: 3892: 3877: 3855: 3737: 3654: 3601: 3571: 3407: 3239: 3136: 3067: 2990: 2163: 1051: 1016: 969: 957: 721: 435: 259: 185: 135: 6451: 5565: 3634: 3556: 1039:. The dynastic state lasted 93 years and had five generations of monarchs. 4165:), and many loanwords in Chinese have been identified by modern scholars. 4077: 3381:. Enraged, Empress Lü sent men to Zhao Tuo's hometown of Zhending (modern 5197: 4865: 4857: 4780: 4776: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4352: 4307:

and Kingdom of Nanyue (note: the south direction is oriented at the top).

4243: 4127: 4107: 3995: 3983: 3896: 3888: 3686: 3678: 3670: 3661:

In autumn of 111 BC, Emperor Wu sent an army of 100,000 men divided into

3374: 3322: 3316: 3227: 3215: 3211: 3020: 2208: 945: 913: 742: 648: 590: 223: 6070:

Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

3952: 3054: 17: 6474: 6083: 4982: 4902: 4788: 4783:

Kingdom. There were artifacts that were found in which belonged to the

4772: 4745: 4689: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4376: 4115: 4082: 4019: 3999: 3928: 3916: 3881: 3873:

The Yue people were divided into numerous branches, tribes, and clans.

3842: 3806: 3729: 3666: 3589: 3500: 3484: 3439: 3433: 3196: 3160: 3124: 3116: 3107: 2779: 2730: 1657: 1508: 1502: 1043: 981: 961: 780: 235: 200: 111: 4809: 4050:. In what is considered a manifestation of Zhao Tuo's respect for the 3963:, said to have been dug by Zhao Tuo during his time as County Governor 3330:

Nanyue initially with utmost circumspection. In 196 BC, Liu Bang, now

5247: 5242: 5237: 4814: 4380: 4372: 4340: 4043: 3912: 3904: 3782: 3694: 3538: 3496: 3488: 3390: 3386: 3303: 3235: 3128: 3010: 2769: 2749: 1063: 977: 965: 903: 609: 170: 165: 6351:

Vol. 7, No. 2: 87-130, published by: University of California Press.

3693:, while the fourth company went directly to garrison Cangwu (modern 1062:. Nanyue rulers promoted a policy of "Harmonizing and Gathering the 1035:. By the year's end, the army had destroyed Nanyue and established 944:), was an ancient kingdom founded in 204 BC by the Chinese general 5178: 5163: 4969:) based on ancient Chinese texts, which recorded the movements of 4694: 4683: 4375:

was the largest state of the Yi people, comprising most of modern

4294: 4191: 4187: 4167: 4111: 4076: 3951: 3838: 3805: 3715: 3633: 3555: 3457: 3401: 3294: 3143:, and the fifth company garrisoned outside Tancheng (in southwest 3053: 2739: 973: 3442:

became king of Nanyue. In 135 BC, the king of neighboring Minyue

1106:, this became the mainstream view among Vietnamese historians in 6067:

Yoshikai Masato, "Ancient Nam Viet in historical descriptions",

5323:

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

4890: 4757: 1050:

regions. The kingdom was founded by leaders originally from the

204: 6047:"Thạp đồng Đông Sơn của Huyện lệnh Long Xoang (Xuyên) Triệu Đà" 5917:

Yu Tianchi, Qin Shengmin, Lan Riyong, Liang Xuda, Qin Cailuan,

3206:

became the Second Emperor of Qin. The following year, soldiers

1007:

Nanyue and its rulers had an adversarial relationship with the

6198:

The origin of Sek: implications for Tai and Vietnamese history

3720:

Tomb of Prime Minister Lü Jia and General Nguyễn Danh Lang in

4925:, existing in the 1st millennium BCE in the Red River delta. 4719:

government. Crescent-shaped ponds, Chinese gardens and other

802: 788: 6381:(illustrated, reprint ed.). University of California Press. 4779:, this bronze seal is recognized as an official seal of the 3986:, and its head of state generally held the title of "king" ( 3451:

directions, one from Yuzhang Commandery, and the other from

6513:

States and territories disestablished in the 2nd century BC

4172:

Bronze drum from Luobowan Tomb #1. Top-right closeup shows

4387:. Some believe the ancient Yi to have been related to the 3895:

region and areas south of the Gui River, both part of the

3035:

Volume 95: The Southwest Peoples, Two Yues, and Chaoxian.

823: 761: 747: 733: 6508:

States and territories established in the 3rd century BC

6211:

Kra-Dai and the Proto-History of South China and Vietnam

4874:

contains the diplomatic correspondence over the naming.

4799:

In Vietnam, the rulers of Nanyue are referred to as the

4764:

listed this site as a protected National Heritage Site.

4711:

The Nanyue Kingdom Palace Ruins, located in the city of

4284: 4283:

to unleash a devastating attack on Nanyue, as described

4069:

population and the use of Chinese weights and measures.

1081:

In Vietnam, the rulers of Nanyue are referred to as the

4699:

Jade Drinking Vessel unearthed from the tomb of Zhao Mo

3866:

The majority of Nanyue's residents consisted of mainly

5976:

Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999-03-13).

4010:, with the King or Emperor's successor designated as 1118:

while Zhao Tuo was established as a foreign invader.

709: 695: 681: 667: 653: 639: 58: 4973:-speaking peoples across the region of South China. 3821:

Nanyue originally comprised the Qin commanderies of

3491:, and then along the Zangke River (now known as the 3119:

region. The first company gathered at Yuhan (modern

1874: 1796: 1676: 1609: 1539: 1413: 5586:. Gutenberg Self Publishing Press. pp. 26–42. 4958:indirectly. He compared this to the example of the 3793:where he was travelling, meaning "Capturing Jia". 3759:(the captain of Tây Vu area of which the center is 1074:), and encouraged ethnic Han to immigrate from the 873: 868: 854: 840: 835: 817: 810: 796: 779: 772: 755: 741: 727: 720: 703: 689: 675: 661: 647: 633: 626: 621: 603: 589: 579: 559: 554: 545: 531: 431: 417: 408: 391: 381: 368: 358: 345: 335: 321: 309: 293: 281: 265: 253: 241: 229: 217: 199: 191: 176: 155: 141: 131: 39: 6249:Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 5669:. University of California Press. pp. 23–27. 4299:An early Western-Han silk map found in Tomb 3 of 6242:"A Layer of Dongsonian Vocabulary in Vietnamese" 4856:(which the first emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, 4723:architecture were discovered in the excavation. 4347:. The Minyue were defeated by the armies of the 860: 846: 64: 3389:in the east as subject kingdom. The kingdom of 6528:1st-millennium BC disestablishments in Vietnam 6319:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Quyển 2, Kỷ nhà Triệu 4803:, the Vietnamese pronunciation of the surname 4731: 4726:In 1983, the ancient tomb of the Nanyue King 3876:The Nanyue lived in north, east, and central 3772: 3771:. He was killed by his assistant Hoàng Đồng ( 3542: 3394: 3345: 3339: 2960: 2057: 565: 44: 8: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5400: 5398: 5396: 4190:'. Bottom-right closeup shows a fishing 3082:conquered the six other Chinese kingdoms of 2979:A detailed history of Nanyue was written in 78: 6130:Chinese History in Geographical Perspective 6106:. Harvard Univ Asia Center. pp. 120–. 5704:The Open Empire: A History of China to 1600 4383:Provinces, as well as the southern part of 4181: 923: 6456: 5690:Records of the Grand Historian, section 97 5368: 5366: 5223:Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King 5038:Jade Drinking Cup for Collecting Sweet Dew 5026:Jade Openwork Disk with Dragon and Phoenix 4750:Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King 4157:. Some suggest that the descendants spoke 3262:, especially because of their mutual anti- 3202:Qin Shi Huang died in 210 BC, and his son 2967: 2953: 2075: 2064: 2050: 1880: 1875: 1797: 1682: 1677: 1610: 1545: 1540: 1414: 1125: 618: 120: 36: 6523:2nd-century BC disestablishments in China 5542:Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia 4905:, rather than in the region north of the 4833:, Zhao Tuo established the foundation of 4744:. It was later identified as the tomb of 3515:Zhao Mo fell ill and died around 122 BC. 3508:supply carts from Bafu Pass (near modern 3139:. The fourth company garrisoned near the 3029:). A similar record is also found in the 126:Location of Nanyue at its greatest extent 6553:3rd-century BC establishments in Vietnam 6273:. Booksmango. pp. 3–4, 22, 50, 54. 6034:Nanyue Guo Shiji Yantaohui Lunwen Xuanji 5948:Zhang & Huang, pp. 121–126, 133–134. 5349:. Cornell University Press. p. 27. 5014:Jade Drinking Vessel in Rhino Horn Shape 4702: 4408: 3709:). At the same time, Yu Shan, a king of 3462:Zhao Mo's jade sarcophagus with red silk 3238:region, where the Lian River enters the 3145:Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County 3025: 918: 6264: 6262: 6127:Jeff Kyong-McClain; Yongtao Du (2013). 5706:. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 125. 5260: 5050:Bronze Beaker Mounted with Jade Plaques 4992: 3681:) through the Hengpu Pass and down the 3673:) down the Huang River (now called the 3665:. The first company was led by General 2089: 2078: 1137: 407: 6573:Former countries in Vietnamese history 6548:3rd-century BC establishments in China 6179: 6168: 6088:Outlines of the History of the Chinese 4081:Bronze sword excavated from a tomb in 3230:, Guangdong), Yangshan Pass (northern 763: 711: 542: 6452:Chinese Text Project – Shiji《史記·南越列傳》 5405:Yang, Wanxiu; Zhong, Zhuo'an (1996). 4255:borders were always heavily guarded. 3626:Southern expansion of the Han dynasty 3110:tribes of the north and west and the 3070:), dated 2nd century BCE, during the 3050:Qin's campaign against the Yue tribes 2993:. It is mostly contained in section ( 416: 412: 390: 383:• Second tribute to Han dynasty 380: 367: 357: 344: 334: 320: 316: 292: 288: 280: 264: 252: 240: 228: 216: 212: 198: 7: 5753:Nan Yue Kai Tuo Xian Qu --- Zhao Tuo 5086:Brozen Canister with lacquer drawing 4014:. The ruler's mother was designated 3321:After years of war with his rivals, 2689:Provisional Revolutionary Government 2300: 1042:The existence of Nanyue allowed the 6568:Former countries in Chinese history 6073:, Volume 2, ABC-CLIO, 2004, p. 934. 5726:Zhang and Huang, pp. 196-200; also 4795:Status in Vietnamese historiography 3919:. Populations were centered in the 3880:, as well as a small group in east 3608:When news of the situation reached 511:First Chinese domination of Vietnam 6330:Ngô, Thì Sĩ. "Ngoại Kỷ Quyển II". 5653:Nan Yue Kai Tuo Xian Qu – Zhao Tuo 5507:Vietnam: a global studies handbook 3752:, the war might last until 98 BC. 3669:and advanced from Guiyang (modern 3537:woman, like himself, who was from 25: 6228:Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies 5489:Zhang Rongfang, Huang Miaozhang, 4026:, and his concubines as "Madam" ( 3399:) also submitted to Nanyue rule. 3344:, not to be confused with Lü Jia 3106:, he turned his attention to the 1116:removed from the national history 6543:2nd-century BC disestablishments 5170: 5155: 5150:Bronze mirror inlaid with silver 5143: 5131: 5119: 5103: 5091: 5079: 5067: 5055: 5043: 5031: 5019: 5007: 4995: 4225: 4216: 4048:Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 3939:method of hillside cultivation. 3044:Qin southward expansion (218 BC) 2936: 2633:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam) 2100: 1145: 1011:, which referred to Nanyue as a 515: 501: 476: 462: 103: 6298:. Booksmango. pp. 21, 97. 6209:Chamberlain, James R. (2016). " 6011:Zhang & Huang, pp. 189-191. 5908:Zhang & Huang, pp. 112–113. 4089:period or early Nanyue Kingdom. 3994:), though its first two rulers 3663:five companies to attack Nanyue 1089:) is derived and reversed from 824: 803: 789: 762: 748: 734: 6394:Records of the Grand Historian 6375:Taylor, Keith Weller. (1983). 6349:Journal of Vietnamese Studies, 6294:Schliesinger, Joachim (2018). 6269:Schliesinger, Joachim (2018). 6163:Australian National University 5982:. Cambridge University Press. 5966:Zhang & Huang, pp. 170–174 5957:Zhang & Huang, pp. 127–131 5939:Zhang & Huang, pp. 134–152 5930:Zhang & Huang, pp. 113–121 5811:Records of the Grand Historian 5800:Zhang & Huang, pp. 401–402 5765:Records of the Grand Historian 5740:Records of the Grand Historian 5608:Records of the Grand Historian 5568:Records of the Grand Historian 5545:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 932–934. 4819: 4271:to defend Nanyue from Minyue. 4250:, and received from him a Han 3159:), then navigated through the 3015: 2982:Records of the Grand Historian 2643:Provisional Central Government 2004:Science and technology history 984:. Zhao Tuo, then Commander of 908: 861: 710: 696: 682: 668: 654: 640: 566: 1: 6608:Tributaries of Imperial China 6090:(中國人史綱), vol. 2, pp. 880-881. 5890:Zhang & Huang, pp. 83–84. 5665:Taylor, Keith Weller (1991). 5631:Zhang & Huang, pp. 26–31. 5582:Amies, Alex; Ban, Gu (2020). 4246:met Lü Jia, an emissary from 4194:and several Bird-men figures. 3638:Map showing the expansion of 3620:War and the decline of Nanyue 3234:), Huang Stream Pass (modern 1374: 1333: 1309: 1286: 1262: 1203: 6049:. 2011-03-11. Archived from 5442:. 文物出版社. 2005. p. 225. 5379:. AuthorHouse. p. 107. 5319:"Site of Southern Yue State" 3373:and then Emperor Hui's sons 2760:Cát Tiên archaeological site 27:Ancient kingdom in East Asia 6215:Journal of the Siam Society 6100:Alexander Woodside (1971). 6002:Zhang & Huang, 320-321. 4860:, conquered). Qing emperor 4303:, depicting the Kingdom of 3563:and reproduction, from the 3406:The map found in Tomb 3 of 2693:(Republic of South Vietnam) 59: 6624: 6389:. Retrieved 7 August 2013. 5899:Zhang & Huang, p. 114. 5503:Shelton Woods, L. (2002). 5466:中国的本体、现象、分裂、外延、外扩、回想、前瞻、整合 4402: 4138: 3797:Geography and demographics 3623: 3569: 3522: 3431: 3314: 3047: 2423:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords 1112:Vietnamese Communist Party 360:• Zhao Tuo accession 29: 6578:Former monarchies of Asia 6481: 6471: 6459: 6029: 4808: 4732: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4177: 4031: 3991: 3773: 3755:After the fall of Panyu, 3552:Zhao Xing and Zhao Jiande 3543: 3395: 3346: 3340: 3281: 3172: 3006: 1878: 1800: 1680: 1613: 1543: 1417: 1071: 948:, whose family (known in 941: 899: 885: 617: 599: 575: 550: 441: 427: 413: 404: 317: 305: 289: 277: 213: 119: 100: 95: 45: 6473:Dynasties in history of 6332:Đại Việt sử ký tiền biên 6240:Ferlus, Michael (2009). 6196:Chamberlain, J.R. 1998, 6135:Rowman & Littlefield 6036:南越国史迹研讨会论文选集, pp. 26-27. 5866:Viet Nam Social Sciences 5702:Hansen, Valerie (2000). 5469:. Lulu.com. p. 57. 5376:East Asia: A New History 5138:Bronze mortar and pestle 4301:Mawangdui Han tombs site 3849:Administrative Divisions 3765:First Chinese domination 3408:Mawangdui Han tombs site 2999:Ordered Annals of Nanyue 2356:Trung sisters' rebellion 980:and central to northern 928:'Southern Yue', 347:• First tribute to 5411:. 广东人民出版社. p. 24. 4680:Archaeological findings 4159:Austroasiatic languages 4085:that dates to the late 3763:) revolted against the 2850:Principality of Hà Tiên 1031:sent 100,000 troops to 32:Nanyue (disambiguation) 6533:200s BC establishments 6178:Cite journal requires 5493:, 2nd ed., pp. 418–422 5343:Wicks, Robert (2018). 4708: 4700: 4692: 4308: 4195: 4090: 3964: 3818: 3733: 3689:) and sailed down the 3643: 3567: 3463: 3411: 3307: 3075: 2731:Non-Vietnamese history 2483:4th Chinese domination 2386:3rd Chinese domination 2366:2nd Chinese domination 2346:1st Chinese domination 1085:. The name "Vietnam" ( 933: 847: 395:Han conquest of Nanyue 327:"War of Pacification" 79: 65: 5667:Birth of Vietnam, The 5463:Xie, Xuanjun (2017). 5373:Walker, Hugh (2012). 5307:. pp. 3837–3863. 5282:. pp. 2967–2977. 4706: 4698: 4687: 4403:Further information: 4298: 4171: 4139:Further information: 4080: 3955: 3948:Administrative system 3809: 3719: 3642:in the 2nd century BC 3637: 3559: 3461: 3405: 3311:Nanyue under Zhao Tuo 3298: 3271:Proclamation (204 BC) 3151:(which connected the 3057: 3026:Naam4jyut6 Lit6 Zyun2 2679:(Republic of Vietnam) 2596:1887–1945 / 1945–1954 2584:1883–1945 / 1946–1948 2574:1883–1945 / 1945–1948 2564:1862–1945 / 1945–1949 1869:(mainland, 1912–1949) 337:• Establishment 181:Chinese folk religion 142:Common languages 6598:History of Hong Kong 6583:History of Guangdong 6378:The Birth of Vietnam 6030:'开棺' 定论 – 从文帝行玺看汉越关系 5641:Taylor (1983), p. 23 5511:. ABC-CLIO. p. 4962:based in Guangzhou. 4960:Southern Han dynasty 4893:as well as parts of 4883:Bolikhamsai Province 4736:) was discovered in 4688:View of the tomb of 4325:Emperor Gaozu of Han 4277:defeated the Xiongnu 4248:Emperor Gaozu of Han 4204:With the Western Han 3957:Well of the Yue King 2664:North–South division 2513:Later Lê Restoration 2219:Phùng Nguyên culture 819:Baxter–Sagart (2014) 30:For other uses, see 5126:Đông Sơn bronze jar 5098:Nanyue Sluice Model 4899:Quảng Bình Province 4887:Khammouane Province 3835:Western Han dynasty 3769:Western Han dynasty 3352:kingdom of Changsha 3127:) and attacked the 2889:Historical capitals 2810:Nung-Zhuang kingdom 2157:12,000 BC–10,000 BC 2136:20,000 BC–12,000 BC 842:Vietnamese alphabet 497:Western Han dynasty 370:• Conquest of 6588:History of Guangxi 5919:Gu Nan Yue Guo Shi 5110:Mausoleum of King 5062:Bronze wine vessel 4762:Chinese government 4709: 4701: 4693: 4363:With the Yi tribes 4309: 4196: 4091: 4063:Chinese characters 3965: 3819: 3734: 3644: 3568: 3464: 3444:launched an attack 3412: 3371:Emperor Hui of Han 3308: 3300:Statue of Zhao Tuo 3246:Conquest of Âu Lạc 3076: 2943:Vietnam portal 2560:French Cochinchina 2178:10,000 BC–8,000 BC 1884: 1694:Five Dynasties and 1686: 1621:Southern dynasties 1549: 1448:Chu–Han Contention 1440:(206 BCE – 220 CE) 1033:war against Nanyue 295:• 130–111 BC 267:• 112–111 BC 255:• 113–112 BC 243:• 122–113 BC 231:• 137–122 BC 219:• 204–137 BC 157:Ethnic groups 6593:History of Hainan 6491: 6490: 6482:Succeeded by 6217:, Vol. 104, 2016. 6144:978-0-7391-7230-8 6113:978-0-674-93721-5 5593:978-0-9833348-7-3 4967:Hồng Bàng dynasty 4915:Later Han Chinese 4677: 4676: 4462:Standard Mandarin 4437:Standard Mandarin 4393:Emperor Wu of Han 4367:The southwestern 4269:Emperor Wu of Han 4184: 3909:Leizhou Peninsula 3726:Hưng Yên Province 3582:Emperor Wu of Han 3453:Kuaiji Commandery 3448:Emperor Wu of Han 3290:Nam Việt Vũ Vương 2977: 2976: 2858: 2857: 2840:Sip Song Chau Tai 2721: 2720: 2694: 2680: 2634: 2610: 2609: 2602:Empire of Vietnam 2541: 2540: 2394: 2393: 2327: 2326: 2296:Hồng Bàng dynasty 2277: 2276: 2263:(1,000 BC–200 AD) 2253:(1,000 BC–100 AD) 2233:1,500 BC–1,000 BC 2223:2,000 BC–1,500 BC 2198:4,000 BC–3,000 BC 2188:8,000 BC–6,000 BC 2184:Quỳnh Văn culture 2074: 2073: 2031:Transport history 1957:Education history 1929: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1910:Republic of China 1892:People's Republic 1865:Republic of China 1844: 1843: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1673: 1672: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1537: 1536: 1370:Spring and Autumn 1233:Liao civilization 1029:Emperor Wu of Han 986:Nanhai Commandery 926: 889: 888: 831: 830: 729:Yale Romanization 628:Standard Mandarin 541: 540: 527: 526: 523: 522: 489: 488: 16:(Redirected from 6615: 6603:History of Macau 6460:Preceded by 6457: 6363: 6358: 6352: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6327: 6321: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6266: 6257: 6256: 6246: 6237: 6231: 6224: 6218: 6207: 6201: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6181: 6176: 6174: 6166: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6137:. pp. 67–. 6124: 6118: 6117: 6097: 6091: 6080: 6074: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6043: 6037: 6031: 6018: 6012: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5958: 5955: 5949: 5946: 5940: 5937: 5931: 5928: 5922: 5915: 5909: 5906: 5900: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5863: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5846: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5821: 5815: 5807: 5801: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5788: 5782:www.sxlib.org.cn 5774: 5768: 5762: 5756: 5749: 5743: 5737: 5731: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5662: 5656: 5649: 5643: 5638: 5632: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5579: 5573: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5510: 5500: 5494: 5487: 5481: 5480: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5434: 5423: 5422: 5402: 5391: 5390: 5370: 5361: 5360: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5265: 5233:Đông Sơn culture 5174: 5159: 5147: 5135: 5123: 5107: 5095: 5083: 5071: 5059: 5047: 5035: 5023: 5011: 4999: 4956:Hong River Delta 4923:Dong Son culture 4895:Nghệ An Province 4871:Đại Nam thực lục 4848:, from whom the 4821: 4812: 4785:Dong Son culture 4756:, 240 pieces of 4735: 4734: 4409: 4385:Sichuan Province 4321:Jiangxi Province 4313:Changsha Kingdom 4261:Changsha Kingdom 4229: 4220: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4141:Old Yue language 4033: 3993: 3915:, and southwest 3776: 3775: 3750:northern Vietnam 3742:northern Vietnam 3546: 3545: 3398: 3397: 3383:Zhengding County 3365:, who served as 3349: 3348: 3343: 3342: 3325:established the 3283: 3174: 3133:Nankang, Jiangxi 3027: 3017: 3016:Nányuè Liè Zhuàn 3008: 2969: 2962: 2955: 2941: 2940: 2939: 2736: 2735: 2692: 2678: 2653:State of Vietnam 2632: 2625: 2624: 2591:French Indochina 2556: 2555: 2493:Later Lê dynasty 2453:Later Lý dynasty 2443:Early Lê dynasty 2409: 2408: 2376:Early Lý dynasty 2342: 2341: 2302: 2292: 2291: 2259:Sa Huỳnh culture 2249:Dong Son culture 2229:Đồng Đậu culture 2117: 2116: 2104: 2094: 2076: 2066: 2059: 2052: 1994:Military history 1952:Economic history 1940:Related articles 1917: 1899: 1881: 1876: 1870: 1837: 1824: 1811: 1798: 1781: 1768: 1755: 1736: 1726: 1714: 1701: 1683: 1678: 1662: 1652: 1639: 1626: 1611: 1594: 1589:Sixteen Kingdoms 1572: 1562: 1546: 1541: 1530: 1496: 1483: 1473: 1463: 1462:(202 BCE – 9 CE) 1453: 1441: 1428: 1415: 1393: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1366: 1356: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1311: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1149: 1139:History of China 1126: 1073: 1056:Chinese language 943: 927: 924: 920: 910: 901: 881: 864: 863: 850: 827: 826: 806: 805: 792: 791: 768: 767: 766: 751: 750: 737: 736: 716: 715: 714: 699: 698: 685: 684: 671: 670: 657: 656: 643: 642: 619: 613: 571: 570: 543: 519: 518: 505: 504: 493: 492: 480: 479: 466: 465: 459: 458: 443: 442: 150:Baiyue languages 124: 107: 90: 82: 76: 68: 62: 56: 48: 47: 37: 21: 6623: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6612: 6563:Ancient Vietnam 6493: 6492: 6487: 6478: 6469: 6465: 6448: 6372: 6370:Further reading 6367: 6366: 6359: 6355: 6343: 6339: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6317: 6313: 6306: 6293: 6292: 6288: 6281: 6268: 6267: 6260: 6244: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6225: 6221: 6208: 6204: 6195: 6191: 6177: 6167: 6157: 6156: 6152: 6145: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6114: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6081: 6077: 6066: 6062: 6053:on 2015-09-25. 6045: 6044: 6040: 6019: 6015: 6010: 6006: 6001: 5997: 5990: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5961: 5956: 5952: 5947: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5916: 5912: 5907: 5903: 5898: 5894: 5889: 5885: 5877: 5873: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5850: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5823: 5822: 5818: 5808: 5804: 5799: 5795: 5786: 5784: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5763: 5759: 5750: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5725: 5721: 5714: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5688: 5684: 5677: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5650: 5646: 5639: 5635: 5630: 5626: 5618: 5614: 5605: 5601: 5594: 5581: 5580: 5576: 5564: 5560: 5553: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5523: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5491:Nan Yue Guo Shi 5488: 5484: 5477: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5436: 5435: 5426: 5419: 5404: 5403: 5394: 5387: 5372: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5342: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5257: 5252: 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2523:Tây Sơn dynasty 2406: 2396: 2395: 2339: 2329: 2328: 2289: 2279: 2278: 2174:Bắc Sơn culture 2114: 2092: 2085: 2070: 2041: 2040: 2036:Women's history 1942: 1941: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1913: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1873: 1868: 1859: 1858: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1814: 1809: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1771: 1766: 1758: 1753: 1745: 1739: 1734: 1724: 1712: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1660: 1650: 1642: 1637: 1629: 1624: 1620: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1584: 1581: 1575: 1570: 1560: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1520: 1494: 1486: 1481: 1471: 1461: 1451: 1439: 1431: 1426: 1411: 1410: 1399: 1398: 1391: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1364: 1354: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1323: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1294: 1046 BCE 1293: 1289: 1284: 1276: 1270: 1600 BCE 1269: 1265: 1260: 1251: 1250: 1239: 1238: 1211: 2000 BCE 1210: 1206: 1201: 1193: 1182: 1181: 1124: 879: 836:Vietnamese name 691:Tongyong Pinyin 663:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 607: 604:Literal meaning 536: 516: 502: 477: 463: 420: 397: 384: 374: 361: 351: 338: 328: 296: 268: 256: 244: 232: 220: 183: 169: 148: 127: 115: 114: 108: 91: 84: 77: 70: 63: 57: 50: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6621: 6619: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6480: 6470: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6447: 6446:External links 6444: 6443: 6442: 6418:Zizhi Tongjian 6414: 6402: 6390: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6353: 6337: 6322: 6311: 6305:978-1641531825 6304: 6286: 6280:978-1641531832 6279: 6258: 6232: 6219: 6202: 6189: 6180:|journal= 6159:Peter Bellwood 6150: 6143: 6119: 6112: 6092: 6075: 6060: 6038: 6013: 6004: 5995: 5988: 5968: 5959: 5950: 5941: 5932: 5923: 5910: 5901: 5892: 5883: 5871: 5858: 5848: 5834: 5827:. 2010-02-03. 5816: 5813:, section 113. 5802: 5793: 5778:"丝绸之路多媒体系列资源库" 5769: 5767:, section 116. 5757: 5744: 5742:, section 114. 5732: 5719: 5712: 5694: 5682: 5675: 5657: 5644: 5633: 5624: 5612: 5610:, section 112. 5599: 5592: 5574: 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2870: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2855: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2832: 2830:Jarai kingdoms 2826: 2825: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2734: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2705: 2703:Subsidy period 2699: 2698: 2695: 2685: 2684: 2681: 2671: 2670: 2667: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2623: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2554: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2533:Nguyễn dynasty 2529: 2528: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2407: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2348: 2340: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2324: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2298: 2290: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2239:Gò Mun culture 2235: 2234: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2212: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2194:Đa Bút culture 2190: 2189: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2132:Sơn Vi culture 2128: 2127: 2125: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2097: 2096: 2087: 2086: 2079: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2054: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1990: 1989: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1967:Jewish history 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1918: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1900: 1898:(1949–present) 1887: 1885: 1879: 1872: 1871: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1838: 1826: 1825: 1813: 1812: 1801: 1791: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1782: 1772: 1769: 1759: 1756: 1746: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1727: 1716: 1715: 1703: 1702: 1689: 1687: 1681: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1641: 1640: 1628: 1627: 1614: 1604: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1563: 1552: 1550: 1544: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1519: 1518: 1498: 1497: 1491:Three Kingdoms 1485: 1484: 1474: 1464: 1454: 1443: 1442: 1430: 1429: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1389:Warring States 1386: 1382: 476 BCE 1357: 1355:(1046–771 BCE) 1346: 1345: 1341: 256 BCE 1322: 1321: 1299: 1298: 1275: 1274: 1252: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1216: 1215: 1192: 1191: 1183: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1167:Historiography 1164: 1159: 1151: 1150: 1142: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1123: 1120: 1098:Đại Việt sử ký 1060:writing system 887: 886: 883: 882: 877: 871: 870: 866: 865: 858: 852: 851: 844: 838: 837: 833: 832: 829: 828: 821: 815: 814: 808: 807: 800: 794: 793: 786: 777: 776: 770: 769: 759: 753: 752: 745: 739: 738: 731: 725: 724: 722:Yue: Cantonese 718: 717: 707: 701: 700: 693: 687: 686: 679: 673: 672: 665: 659: 658: 651: 645: 644: 637: 631: 630: 624: 623: 622:Transcriptions 615: 614: 605: 601: 600: 597: 596: 593: 587: 586: 583: 577: 576: 573: 572: 563: 557: 556: 552: 551: 548: 547: 539: 538: 533: 529: 528: 525: 524: 521: 520: 513: 507: 506: 499: 490: 487: 486: 481: 473: 472: 467: 455: 454: 449: 439: 438: 433: 429: 428: 425: 424: 421: 419:• 111 BC 418: 415: 414: 411: 410: 406: 405: 402: 401: 398: 392: 389: 388: 385: 382: 379: 378: 375: 369: 366: 365: 362: 359: 356: 355: 352: 346: 343: 342: 339: 336: 333: 332: 329: 322: 319: 318: 315: 314: 311: 307: 306: 303: 302: 297: 294: 291: 290: 287: 286: 283: 282:Prime Minister 279: 278: 275: 274: 269: 266: 263: 262: 257: 254: 251: 250: 245: 242: 239: 238: 233: 230: 227: 226: 221: 218: 215: 214: 211: 210: 207: 197: 196: 193: 189: 188: 178: 174: 173: 171:Baiyue Peoples 159: 153: 152: 143: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 125: 117: 116: 109: 102: 101: 98: 97: 93: 92: 43: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6620: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6558:Ancient China 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6486: 6477: 6476: 6468: 6464: 6458: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6419: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6373: 6369: 6362: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6341: 6338: 6333: 6326: 6323: 6320: 6315: 6312: 6307: 6301: 6297: 6290: 6287: 6282: 6276: 6272: 6265: 6263: 6259: 6254: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6223: 6220: 6216: 6213:", p. 30. In 6212: 6206: 6203: 6199: 6193: 6190: 6185: 6172: 6164: 6160: 6154: 6151: 6146: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6131: 6123: 6120: 6115: 6109: 6105: 6104: 6096: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6079: 6076: 6072: 6071: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6052: 6048: 6042: 6039: 6035: 6027: 6023: 6017: 6014: 6008: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5991: 5989:9780521470308 5985: 5981: 5980: 5972: 5969: 5963: 5960: 5954: 5951: 5945: 5942: 5936: 5933: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5911: 5905: 5902: 5896: 5893: 5887: 5884: 5880: 5875: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5859: 5852: 5849: 5845:. 2014-01-28. 5844: 5838: 5835: 5831: 5826: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5806: 5803: 5797: 5794: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5761: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5741: 5736: 5733: 5729: 5723: 5720: 5715: 5713:0-393-97374-3 5709: 5705: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5686: 5683: 5678: 5672: 5668: 5661: 5658: 5654: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5637: 5634: 5628: 5625: 5621: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5603: 5600: 5595: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5575: 5571: 5570:, section 113 5569: 5562: 5559: 5554: 5552:1-57607-770-5 5548: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5537:Ooi, Keat Gin 5532: 5529: 5524: 5518: 5514: 5509: 5508: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5483: 5478: 5476:9781365677250 5472: 5468: 5467: 5459: 5456: 5451: 5449:9787501017348 5445: 5441: 5440: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5420: 5418:9787218020853 5414: 5410: 5409: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5388: 5386:9781477265178 5382: 5378: 5377: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5358: 5356:9781501719479 5352: 5348: 5347: 5339: 5336: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5311: 5306: 5302: 5300: 5295: 5289: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5275: 5270: 5264: 5261: 5254: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5193:Triệu dynasty 5191: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5173: 5168: 5165: 5158: 5153: 5146: 5141: 5134: 5129: 5122: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5101: 5094: 5089: 5082: 5077: 5070: 5065: 5058: 5053: 5046: 5041: 5034: 5029: 5022: 5017: 5010: 5005: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4968: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4938:Austronesians 4935: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4840: 4839:North Vietnam 4836: 4832: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4801:Triệu dynasty 4794: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4729: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4705: 4697: 4691: 4686: 4679: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558:ziu jing cai 4557: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4412:Personal Name 4410: 4406: 4405:Triệu dynasty 4398: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4291:With Changsha 4290: 4288: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4272: 4270: 4264: 4262: 4256: 4253: 4252:imperial seal 4249: 4245: 4228: 4219: 4210: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4122:Ethnic policy 4121: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4102:("Colonel"), 4101: 4097: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3982:Nanyue was a 3980: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3901: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3801: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3791:Huojia County 3788: 3784: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3611: 3606: 3603: 3597: 3593: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3549: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3470: 3460: 3456: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3393:and Tongshi ( 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3337: 3333: 3332:Emperor Gaozu 3328: 3324: 3318: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3279: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3080:Qin Shi Huang 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3043: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2958: 2956: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2947: 2944: 2934: 2933: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2864: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2726: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2676: 2675:South Vietnam 2673: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2630: 2629:North Vietnam 2627: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2581: 2580:French Tonkin 2578: 2577: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2332: 2323:204 BC–111 BC 2322: 2320: 2319:Triệu dynasty 2317: 2316: 2313:257 BC–179 BC 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2269:Óc Eo culture 2267: 2266: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2088: 2083: 2077: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1999:Naval history 1997: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1982:Music history 1980: 1978: 1977:Media history 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1962:Legal history 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1936: 1935: 1916:1949–present) 1912: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1896: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1828: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1733: 1732: 1731:Southern Song 1728: 1723: 1722: 1721:Northern Song 1718: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1698: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1623: 1622: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1452:(206–202 BCE) 1450: 1449: 1445: 1444: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1427:(221–207 BCE) 1425: 1424: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1409: 1403: 1402: 1392:(475–221 BCE) 1390: 1387: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1365:(771–256 BCE) 1363: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1330: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1114:. Nanyue was 1113: 1109: 1108:North Vietnam 1105: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1083:Triệu dynasty 1079: 1077: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1052:Central Plain 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1004:, and Xiang. 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 954:Triệu dynasty 951: 947: 939: 935: 931: 921: 915: 911: 905: 897: 893: 884: 878: 876: 872: 867: 859: 857: 853: 849: 845: 843: 839: 834: 822: 820: 816: 813: 809: 801: 799: 795: 787: 785: 782: 778: 775: 771: 765: 760: 758: 754: 746: 744: 740: 732: 730: 726: 723: 719: 713: 708: 706: 702: 694: 692: 688: 680: 678: 674: 666: 664: 660: 652: 650: 646: 638: 636: 632: 629: 625: 620: 616: 611: 606: 602: 598: 594: 592: 588: 584: 582: 578: 574: 569: 564: 562: 558: 553: 549: 544: 534: 532:Today part of 530: 514: 512: 509: 508: 500: 498: 495: 494: 491: 485: 482: 475: 474: 471: 468: 461: 460: 457: 456: 453: 450: 448: 445: 444: 440: 437: 434: 430: 426: 422: 403: 399: 396: 386: 376: 373: 363: 353: 350: 340: 330: 326: 312: 308: 304: 301: 298: 284: 276: 273: 270: 261: 258: 249: 246: 237: 234: 225: 222: 208: 206: 202: 194: 190: 187: 182: 179: 175: 172: 167: 163: 160: 158: 154: 151: 147: 144: 140: 137: 134: 130: 123: 118: 113: 106: 99: 96:204 BC–111 BC 94: 88: 81: 74: 67: 61: 54: 38: 33: 19: 6472: 6467:Thục dynasty 6416: 6404: 6392: 6377: 6356: 6348: 6340: 6331: 6325: 6314: 6295: 6289: 6270: 6252: 6248: 6235: 6227: 6222: 6214: 6205: 6192: 6171:cite journal 6153: 6129: 6122: 6102: 6095: 6087: 6078: 6068: 6063: 6054: 6051:the original 6041: 6033: 6021: 6016: 6007: 5998: 5978: 5971: 5962: 5953: 5944: 5935: 5926: 5921:, pp. 60–63. 5918: 5913: 5904: 5895: 5886: 5874: 5865: 5861: 5851: 5837: 5828: 5819: 5810: 5805: 5796: 5785:. Retrieved 5781: 5772: 5764: 5760: 5755:, pp. 76–77. 5752: 5751:Hu Shouwei, 5747: 5739: 5735: 5727: 5722: 5703: 5697: 5685: 5666: 5660: 5655:, pp. 35–36. 5652: 5651:Hu Shouwei, 5647: 5636: 5627: 5622:, section 18 5619: 5615: 5607: 5602: 5583: 5577: 5567: 5566:Sima Qian – 5561: 5541: 5531: 5506: 5498: 5490: 5485: 5465: 5458: 5439:南越国史迹研讨会论文选集 5438: 5407: 5375: 5345: 5338: 5326:. 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(4). p. 8 6082:See, e.g., 5879:Book of Han 5692:《史記·酈生陸賈列傳》 5620:Huai Nan Zi 5606:Sima Qian, 5276:·南越列传(卷113) 5074:Bronze disk 4930:Hlai people 4670:112–111 BC 4661:joeng wong 4649:Ciuq Gendwz 4644:Zhào Jiàndé 4629:113–112 BC 4588:122–113 BC 4585:Minh Vương 4562:Zhào Yīngqí 4547:137–122 BC 4506:203–137 BC 4389:Hundred Yue 4349:Qin dynasty 4336:With Minyue 4151:Ancient Yue 4147:Old Chinese 4145:Other than 4067:Hundred Yue 4052:Hundred Yue 4040:Western Han 3973:Han dynasty 3969:Qin dynasty 3868:Yue peoples 3862:Ethnicities 3640:Han dynasty 3576:Zhao Jiande 3535:Han Chinese 3525:Zhao Yingqi 3519:Zhao Yingqi 3414:In 179 BC, 3327:Han dynasty 3165:Pearl River 3153:Xiang River 3112:Hundred Yue 3072:Western Han 3032:Book of Han 2987:Han dynasty 2894:Immigration 2874:Agriculture 2503:Mạc dynasty 2413:Ngô dynasty 2122:Paleolithic 2112:Prehistoric 2091:History of 2019:Discoveries 2014:Cartography 2009:Archaeology 1947:Art history 1836:(1644–1912) 1823:(1368–1644) 1810:(1271–1368) 1780:(1115–1234) 1767:(1038–1227) 1763:Western Xia 1735:(1127–1279) 1567:Eastern Jin 1557:Western Jin 1482:(25–220 CE) 1478:Eastern Han 1458:Western Han 1337: 1046 1317: 1046 1313: 1250 1290: 1600 1266: 2070 1207: 8500 1188:Paleolithic 1179:Prehistoric 1064:Hundred Yue 1048:Han Chinese 1025:Zhao Jiande 1009:Han dynasty 990:Qin dynasty 976:, southern 919:Naam4 Jyut6 869:Zhuang name 812:Old Chinese 749:Naam4 Jyut6 595:Naam4 Jyut6 470:Qin dynasty 447:Preceded by 349:Han dynasty 272:Zhao Jiande 248:Zhao Yingqi 146:Old Chinese 112:Emperor Wen 6497:Categories 6387:0520074173 5787:2024-09-11 5676:0520074173 5522:1576074161 5328:August 26, 5255:References 5208:Trọng Thủy 4934:Tai people 4664:Yáng Wáng 4613:Triệu Hưng 4608:Ciuq Hingh 4582:Míng Wáng 4579:ming wong 4544:Văn Vương 4467:Vietnamese 4447:Vietnamese 4327:enfeoffed 4281:Emperor Wu 4163:vice versa 4065:among the 3943:Government 3813:and known 3683:Zhen River 3675:Lian River 3610:Emperor Wu 3358:autonomy. 3286:Vietnamese 3260:suzerainty 3208:Chen Sheng 3204:Zhao Huhai 2989:historian 2473:Hồ dynasty 2273:(1–630 AD) 2153:Hoabinhian 2143:Mesolithic 2024:Inventions 1754:(916–1125) 1725:(960–1127) 1713:(960–1279) 1380: – c. 1378: 770 1339: – c. 1315: – c. 1304:Late Shang 1292: – c. 1268: – c. 1209: – c. 950:Vietnamese 930:Vietnamese 735:Nàahm Yuht 677:Wade–Giles 608:"Southern 409:Population 192:Government 73:Vietnamese 6255:: 95–108. 5572:《史記·南越列傳》 5114:(Zhao Mo) 5112:Triệu Mạt 5002:Gold seal 4943:Red River 4919:Cuoi-Toum 4769:Thanh Hoa 4742:Guangdong 4738:Guangzhou 4713:Guangzhou 4626:Ai Vương 4603:Zhào Xīng 4599:ziu hing 4541:Wén Wáng 4538:man wong 4531:Triệu Mạt 4503:Vũ Vương 4497:mou wong 4457:Cantonese 4432:Cantonese 4369:Yi people 4199:Diplomacy 4186:'120 3961:Longchuan 3893:Xun River 3878:Guangdong 3856:Guangdong 3817:of Nanyue 3738:Guangzhou 3602:Sima Qian 3572:Zhao Xing 3421:Chen Ping 3256:Red River 3240:Bei River 3189:Longchuan 3068:Guangzhou 2991:Sima Qian 2879:Dynasties 2854:1707–1832 2844:1600–1954 2834:1100–1904 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Tuó 4399:Monarchs 4353:Liu Bang 4305:Changsha 4244:Zhao Tuo 4135:Language 4128:Zhao Tuo 4108:infantry 4073:Military 3996:Zhao Tuo 3984:monarchy 3977:de facto 3897:Xi River 3815:counties 3691:Li River 3687:Yongzhou 3679:Nanchang 3671:Lianzhou 3586:Chang'an 3531:Chang'an 3505:memorial 3469:Chang'an 3416:Liu Heng 3379:Liu Hong 3375:Liu Gong 3356:de facto 3323:Liu Bang 3317:Zhao Tuo 3228:Nanxiong 3216:Liu Bang 3212:Xiang Yu 3157:Li River 3155:and the 3039:Founding 3021:Jyutping 2904:Monarchs 2899:Military 2867:By topic 2804:937–1253 2794:802–1431 2754:192–1832 2620:Republic 2551:Colonial 2447:980–1009 2404:Dynastic 2082:a series 2080:Part of 1987:Timeline 1914:(Taiwan, 1894:of China 1408:Imperial 1157:Timeline 1131:a series 1129:Part of 1092:Nam Việt 1087:Việt Nam 1037:Han rule 946:Zhao Tuo 934:Nam Việt 914:Jyutping 900:南越 or 南粵 848:Nam Việt 804:Lâm-ua̍t 790:Lâm-oa̍t 743:Jyutping 683:Nan-yüeh 649:Bopomofo 591:Jyutping 432:Currency 224:Zhao Tuo 195:Monarchy 110:Seal of 66:Nam Việt 18:Nam 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