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639:
Travancore
Maharaja in the 19th century. After the passing of the Charter Acts of 1833 and 1853 in the British Parliament, the British encouraged the work of Christian missionaries, notably in provision of education, and began the introduction of a judicial system that would have a significant impact on the landholdings, inheritance customs and marriage arrangements of both the Nambudiris and Nairs. The traditional basis of life was challenged by these and other changes, affecting also the other major ethnic groups of the area, such as the
570:, where younger Nambudiris used to have relationships with Kshatriya women or women from the upper sections of the Nair caste. The children of such unions were not considered Nambudiris, but a part of their matrilocal lineages. As a result of such unions, many kings and ruling chiefs in Kerala would be the offspring of Nambudiri fathers. These arrangements allowed the Nambudiris to gain political power in addition to religious and cultural dominance.
186:
880:, for the union was not initiated with Vedic rites, the children were not legitimized as Brahmans, and neither the woman nor her child was accorded the rights of kin. By the matrilineal castes, however, the same unions were regarded as marriage, for they fulfilled the conditions of ordinary Nayar marriage and served to legitimize the child as an acceptable member of his matrilineal lineage and caste."
201:
74:
84:
445:, local kings and chiefs encouraged them to move to the area by offering such tax-exempt land grants in return for them officiating in Vedic rites that would legitimise the grantors' status as rulers. They also gained land and improved their influence over the socio-economic life of the region by helping rulers during the wars between the
717:
812:
and Robert
Gardner claim to be one of the oldest known rituals, was maintained by Nambudiri Brahmins until at least 1975. Although it may have largely died out elsewhere in India and thus be symptomatic of the community's resistance to change, David Knipe notes that it is still performed regularly in
601:
thinks it is unlikely that such a change could be imposed and says that "more probably it was the result of a process of marriage politics spread by emulation in the decentralised situation of status competition." Some other scholars believe that the matrilineal customs predate the period entirely
905:
Although it is certain that in theory hypergamy can cause a shortage of marriageable women in the lowest ranks of a caste and promote upwards social movement from the lower Nair subdivisions, the numbers involved would have been very small. It was not a common practice outside the higher subcaste
638:
in his civil service. She believes that decision undermined the relationship between the
Nambudiri Brahmins and royalty in the region, although others have said that Varma's influence was short-lived and that the main cause of change was the influence of British diplomats who worked with the
884:
The disparity in caste ranking in a relationship between a
Brahmin man and a Nair woman meant that the woman was unable to live with her husband(s) in the Brahmin family and so remained in her own family. The children resulting from such marriages always became Nairs.
867:
relationships with non-Brahmin women, whom the
Nambudiris considered to be concubines and whose offspring could not inherit. This tradition limited the extent of marriage within their own caste and led to the practice of hypergamy with the Nair community.
901:... among the higher-ranking Nayars (and Kshatriyas and Samantans) in contradistinction to the "commoner" Nayars, no two subdivisions admitted to equal status. Thus the relations set up by the tali-rite and the sambandham union were always hypergamous.
547:
system increased over many centuries and, according to Moser and
Younger, they "established landholding temples and taught the people the rules of caste". The Nambudiris have been described to be responsible for the Sanskrit influence on
563:
Medieval Kerala has been characterised as an oligarchy which was dominated by the
Nambudiris, who owned all the temples and their subsidiary villages. The Nambudiris had influence with the ruling class through the practice of
675:
The
Nambudhiri Brahmins are a super-minority community in Kerala. According to the 1901 Census reports, they represent 0.47% of the total population of Kerala. They are dominant and highly influential in
2452:
2385:
863:
than
Brahmin communities elsewhere in India. Under this custom, only the eldest son could marry a Nambudiri woman and thus produce an heir to the family property. Younger sons were restricted to
245:
period onward. Based on the fact that
Nambudiris are Pūrvaśikhā Brahmins wearing the traditional hair tuft on the front, T.P Mahadevan proposes that they are the descendants of these Sangam age
1575:
237:. According to this legend, the region was created when Parashurama threw his axe into the sea Although it is known that the present-day region of Kerala was once governed by the
651:
in 1908 in order to agitate for the marriage of all the junior males within the community itself. It also focused on popularising the English language study and abolishing the
169:
and have been described by anthropologist Joan Mencher as, "A wealthy, aristocratic landed caste of the highest ritual and secular rank." Venerated as the carriers of the
257:
composing the Śōḻiya Brahmins. This sets them apart from the later Aparaśikhā Brahmin (wearing their hair tufts on the back) migrants to South India such as the Tamil
2359:
593:, Nambudiri families remained aloof from general society. Although the historian E. K. Pillai has claimed that the Nambudiris from the 1100s enforced matrilineal
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752:. The latter, called the Kauṣītaki tradition among Nambudiris is restricted to them. The Kauṣītakis are believed to have belonged to the
177:
culture, the Nambudiris held more power and authority than the kings and were "above and outside the political systems of the kingdoms."
1033:
897:, formed a part of the Nair aspirational culture whereby they would seek to improve their status within the caste. Furthermore, that:
1509:
1449:
1216:
663:
437:
and Paul Younger note that the Nambudiri Brahmin presence predates the 9th century, as attested by grants of land given to them by
2282:
2419:
614:
The unwillingness of Nambudiris to adapt to changes in wider society persisted until the early years of the 20th century but
945:
241:, little information exists regarding its early ethnography. Brahmin presence in the Tamil country is attested from the
927:
467:, one of the holiest temples for Hindus. Furthermore, the spiritual leader of the Nambudiri Brahmins is given the title
67:
795:
recension, which is elsewhere found only among the Śōḻiya Brahmans, from whom the ancestral Nambudiri population split.
38:
1526:
2546:
1714:
The Hidden Lives of Brahman: Sankara's Vedanta Through His Upanisad Commentaries, in Light of Contemporary Practice
1473:
957:
142:, the Nambudiris were the highest ranking caste in Kerala. They owned a large portion of the land in the region of
2136:
2041:
1794:
1403:
1337:
348:, who were the titular head of all Nambudiri Brahmins of Kerala, originally had right over parts of present-day
2278:
1894:. International studies in sociology and social anthropology. Vol. 22. Netherlands: E. J. Brill. pp.
1847:. International studies in sociology and social anthropology. Vol. 22. Netherlands: E. J. Brill. pp.
963:
834:), in domestic settings. When they had to travel, they wore two sets of cloth in addition known as a vasthram.
647:. Like others, the desire for social reform went strong among the Nambudiris which led to the formation of the
1999:
204:
The Nambudiri associate their immigration to Kerala with the legendary creation of the region by Parashurama.
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480:
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344:
139:
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system. It has also been argued that the practice, along with judicious selection of the man who tied the
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recension which is the only extant recension of the Rigveda across India. The Nambudiris follow both the
623:
393:
155:
2386:"Artist Namboothiri illustrator and artist par excellence leaves behind a legacy of indelible images"
939:
63:
1205:
Gough, Kathleen (1974) . "Nayars: Central Kerala". In Schneider, David M.; Kathleen Gough (eds.).
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mentions that the dominating influence of the Nambudiris could be found in all matters related to
2340:
2332:
1751:
1694:
1598:
1467:
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P., Radhakrishnan (December 1981). "Land Reforms in Theory and Practice: The Kerala Experience".
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261:. According to T.P Mahadevan, the Nambudiris brought with them a very early recension of the
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who initiated the protocol of permitting only Nambudiris to lead as the Chief Priest at the
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1499:
680:, where they account for more than 66% of the total population. Most of them reside in the
2209:
2137:"On the Southern Recension of the Mahābhārata, Brahman Migrations, and Brāhmī Paleography"
2042:"On the Southern Recension of the Mahābhārata, Brahman Migrations, and Brāhmī Paleography"
1655:
1527:"On the Southern Recension of the Mahābhārata, Brahman Migrations, and Brāhmī Paleography"
1404:"On the Southern Recension of the Mahābhārata, Brahman Migrations, and Brāhmī Paleography"
1338:"On the Southern Recension of the Mahābhārata, Brahman Migrations, and Brāhmī Paleography"
992:
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region. Many of the oldest Nambudiri settlements of Kerala are situated around the River
272:
came to settle in Kerala, the commonly accepted point of view is that they moved in from
2239:
2015:
1973:
1884:"The Izhavas of Kerala and their Historic Struggle for Acceptance in the Hindu Society"
1837:"The Izhavas of Kerala and their Historic Struggle for Acceptance in the Hindu Society"
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believes that their decline in significance can be traced to the period 1729-1748 when
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411:
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353:
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185:
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2315:
Fuller, Christopher John (Winter 1975). "The Internal Structure of the Nayar Caste".
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recension of the Rigveda, but that recension has become extinct among the Nambudiris.
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697:
689:
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and orthodox traditions, as well as many idiosyncratic customs that are unique among
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They have historically been distinguished by rare practices such as the adherence to
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138:, India, where they constituted part of the traditional feudal elite. Headed by the
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between 1st and the 4th centuries CE and it served as the eastern entrance to the
200:
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1957:
1883:
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argues that it is this type of relationship that resulted in the matrilineal and
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73:
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Traditionally, they wore a simple cloth around the waist called a thorthu (or
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1603:. Thiruvananthapuram: Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala.
1550:
1542:
1427:
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1020:. Cambridge Commonwealth Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. pp. 19–33.
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Nambudiri mythology associates their immigration to Kerala from the banks of
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The Nambudiri's grip on land was maintained through the practice of strict
499:
17:
876:
These hypergamous unions were regarded by Brahmans as socially acceptable
2453:"Unnikrishnan Namboothiri, the fun grandpa of 'Kalyanaraman,' is no more"
1444:. Olivelle, Patrick. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006. p. 252.
1050:
918:, which is native to Kerala, was traditionally patronised by Nambudiris.
553:
514:
472:
403:
369:
349:
170:
162:
1935:. Cambridge Oceanic Histories. Cambridge University Press. p. 167.
1698:
906:
groups and the Nambudiris had mostly stopped the practice by the 1920s.
2336:
1160:
1118:
1094:
484:
460:
291:
269:
246:
214:
2360:"'Rahul Easwar is my grandson and I have firm belief in his thinking'"
2187:
1388:
459:, one of the most revered Vedic scholars of Hinduism, was a Nambudiri
265:
which became the basis of the Malayalam language version of the epic.
83:
730:
701:
652:
640:
526:
502:
234:
230:
222:
196:
poet of the 15th-century who composed several landmark literary works
135:
1110:
150:
monarchs, the Nambudiris formed the landed aristocracy known as the
1685:
Shanmugam, S. V. (1976). "Formation and Development of Malayalam".
1176:"Namboodiri Brahmins: An Analysis of a Traditional Elite in Kerala"
597:
on the previously patrilineal communities of the area, sociologist
1233:
838:
831:
716:
715:
662:
544:
539:
453:
dynasties when Vedic schools were turned into military academies.
199:
184:
174:
166:
151:
89:
82:
72:
552:, a Dravidian language, due to the Nambudiri Brahmin's mixing of
2085:
The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory
1629:
The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory
1313:
The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory
1284:
The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory
627:
586:
529:, including religion, politics, society, economics and culture.
488:
258:
147:
1240:. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
2111:
Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition
859:
Nambudiri Brahmin families practised a more strict version of
2521:
1442:
Between the empires : society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE
543:
houses, Nambudiris' ownership of agricultural land under the
1933:
Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast
426:
are highly related to the Brahmins who migrated through the
1729:
The Religion of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths
808:(the altar of fire), which spans a 12-day period and which
410:, were once strongholds of Nambudiris. The introduction of
87:
1883 sketch depicting a Nambūdiri man with the traditional
253:
interregnum, with those remaining behind in what is today
2246:. In Schneider, David Murray; Gough, E. Kathleen (eds.).
62:"Namboothiri" redirects here. For the Indian artist, see
2174:
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2015). "Introducing the Mahābhārata".
1795:"The Turning-Point in a Living Tradition somayāgam 2003"
1375:
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2015). "Introducing the Mahābhārata".
1780:"Culture and Society: A Festschrift to Dr. A. Aiyappan"
298:
as the base from which they migrated to Kerala via the
42:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1095:"Organized Struggles of Malabar Peasantry, 1934-1940"
249:
who moved west into the region of Malabar during the
1211:. University of California Press. pp. 298–384.
483:
was a ritual necessity during the coronation of the
475:
language. Aside from holding rights over the sacred
302:, which is also the largest opening in the southern
1887:
1840:
1743:
581:inheritance. Despite their younger members having
471:, with the word "Samrāṭ" meaning "Emperor" in the
418:, and the evolution of Malayalam language through
352:Taluk. Later they moved westwards along the River
2218:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 300–301.
225:rivers with the legendary creation of Kerala by
2250:. University of California Press. p. 320.
2135:Mahadevan, Thennilapuram P. (29 January 2016).
2040:Mahadevan, Thennilapuram P. (29 January 2016).
1998:General, India Office of the Registrar (1967).
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1402:Mahadevan, Thennilapuram P. (29 January 2016).
1336:Mahadevan, Thennilapuram P. (29 January 2016).
899:
874:
268:There are lots of theories as to how Nambudiri
2287:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
1782:. Thomson Press (India), Publication Division.
1257:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 23–25.
1132:Nair, Adoor K.K. Ramachandran (January 1986).
837:Nambudiris wore their traditional hair tufts (
2083:. In Berger, Peter; Heidemann, Frank (eds.).
1746:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M
1627:. In Berger, Peter; Heidemann, Frank (eds.).
1311:. In Berger, Peter; Heidemann, Frank (eds.).
1282:. In Berger, Peter; Heidemann, Frank (eds.).
8:
2358:archive, From our online (2 October 2018).
1664:. Cambridge University Press. p. 305.
284:. Another theory based on the retention of
161:The Nambudiris have traditionally lived in
26:
1890:Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia
1843:Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia
1650:
1648:
1055:. Cambridge University Press. p. 11.
356:and settled around the river. Finally the
134:caste, native to what is now the state of
2418:Naha, Abdul Latheef (24 September 2020).
2310:
2308:
2016:"Namboothiris and The 1901 Census Report"
1974:"Namboothiris and The 1901 Census Report"
720:Nambūdiri Brahmin performing śrauta rites
59:Malayali Brahmin caste from Kerala, India
1504:. Kottayam: DC Books. pp. 200–201.
1186:(3). Leiden: Brill Publishers: 183–196.
334:, the principal trade route between the
32:This is an accepted version of this page
2114:. Oxford University Press. p. 46.
1600:A Short History of Malayalam Literature
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1004:
28:
1793:T.P., Mahadevan; Fritz, Staal (2003).
1750:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p.
1578:from the original on 19 September 2013
1465:
914:The form of Sanskrit theatre known as
700:. A small Population is also found in
671:in Kerala based on 1901 census reports
2384:Nagarajan, Saraswathy (7 July 2023).
1564:Subramanian, T. S (28 January 2007).
441:families. According to the historian
105:
7:
2079:Moser, Heike; Younger, Paul (2013).
1623:Moser, Heike; Younger, Paul (2013).
1525:Mahadevan, Thennilapuram P. (2016).
1307:Moser, Heike; Younger, Paul (2013).
1278:Moser, Heike; Younger, Paul (2013).
1238:Journal of Asian and African Studies
1180:Journal of Asian and African Studies
655:system among the Nambudiri females.
479:, the presence and blessings of the
2317:Journal of Anthropological Research
2141:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies
2046:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies
1799:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies
1531:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies
1408:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies
1342:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies
936:, Indian public policy commentator.
1712:Dubois, Joël André-Michel (2014).
1082:. Norman Printing Bureau, Calicut.
57:
2486:"The mystery of geometric shapes"
2081:"Kerala: Plurality and Consensus"
1625:"Kerala: Plurality and Consensus"
1309:"Kerala: Plurality and Consensus"
1280:"Kerala: Plurality and Consensus"
1254:Communal Road to a Secular Kerala
1136:. Mittal Publications, New Delhi.
1962:. Viswanathan. pp. 314–315.
1597:Dr. K. Ayyappa Panicker (2006).
1566:"Roman connection in Tamil Nadu"
290:types as memorized by different
1886:. In Smith, Bardwell L. (ed.).
1839:. In Smith, Bardwell L. (ed.).
1631:. Routledge. pp. 172–178.
1234:"Namboodiri Brahmins of Kerala"
306:, and settled around the river
1174:Mencher, Joan (January 1966).
1018:Politics, Women and Well-Being
942:, Indian painter and sculptor.
589:, whose caste traditions were
469:Azhvanchery Thamprakkal Samrāṭ
140:Azhvanchery Thamprakkal Samrāṭ
1:
2537:Brahmin communities of Kerala
1778:Balakrishna, N. Nair (1975).
1742:Lochtefeld, James G. (2002).
1149:Economic and Political Weekly
946:Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri
414:which later got evolved into
2542:Brahmin communities of India
2420:"Jnanpith given to Akkitham"
2283:"Some Aspects of Nayar Life"
2215:Weberian Sociological Theory
1956:Menon, A. Sreedhara (1991).
1766:badrinath + buddhist shrine.
1661:Weberian Sociological Theory
1498:Shreedhara Menon, A (2007).
1076:Krishna Iyer, K. V. (1938).
1049:Fuller, Christopher (1976).
928:Namboothiri (disambiguation)
817:and has been for centuries.
804:The ancient Vedic ritual of
667:Population and Dominance of
77:A traditional Nambudiri Mana
68:Namboothiri (disambiguation)
1026:10.1007/978-1-349-12252-3_3
602:and cite the queens of the
406:, located around the river
380:) who were originally from
2563:
2522:Namboothiri Websites Trust
2087:. Routledge. p. 173.
2004:. Manager of Publications.
1959:A Survey of Kerala History
1315:. Routledge. p. 170.
1286:. Routledge. p. 169.
958:M. K. Sankaran Namboothiri
925:
110:), also transliterated as
61:
2279:Panikkar, Kavalam Madhava
733:are attested among them.
583:hypergamous relationships
2329:10.1086/jar.31.4.3629883
2244:"Nayars: Central Kerala"
2176:Religious Studies Review
2153:10.11588/ejvs.2008.2.327
2108:Knipe, David M. (2015).
2058:10.11588/ejvs.2008.2.327
1811:10.11588/ejvs.2003.1.743
1543:10.11588/ejvs.2008.2.327
1420:10.11588/ejvs.2008.2.327
1377:Religious Studies Review
1354:10.11588/ejvs.2008.2.327
964:Unnikrishnan Namboothiri
847:) on the front like the
322:border was ruled by the
146:, and together with the
103:Malayalam pronunciation:
39:latest accepted revision
1251:Mathew, George (1989).
1192:10.1163/156852166X00262
1093:Karat, Prakash (1977).
1079:The Zamorins Of Calicut
1012:Jeffrey, Robin (1992).
481:Azhvanchery Thamprakkal
358:Azhvanchery Thamprakkal
345:Azhvanchery Thamprakkal
2364:The New Indian Express
2281:(July–December 1918).
1731:. Penguin Books India.
1727:Dalal, Roshen (2010).
1472:: CS1 maint: others (
1232:Mencher, Joan (1966).
903:
882:
721:
672:
606:as evidence for this.
399:Perumpadappu Swaroopam
364:region in present-day
294:communities points to
205:
197:
190:Cherusseri Namboothiri
107:[n̪ɐmbuːd̪iɾi]
94:
78:
66:. For other uses, see
2001:Census of India, 1961
1931:Prange, S.R. (2018).
1880:Pullapilly, Cyriac K.
1833:Pullapilly, Cyriac K.
1716:. Albany: SUNY Press.
910:Koodiyattam (artform)
719:
666:
624:Kingdom of Travancore
537:Operating from their
402:, and the kingdom of
394:Kingdom of Valluvanad
203:
188:
173:language and ancient
86:
76:
2492:. 13 December 2012.
729:The following Vedic
310:. The region around
64:Namboothiri (artist)
2459:. 20 January 2021.
2248:Matrilineal Kinship
2020:www.namboothiri.com
1978:www.namboothiri.com
1208:Matrilineal Kinship
1134:"Slavery in Kerala"
649:Yogakshema movement
156:Kerala Land Reforms
29:Page version status
2457:The Times of India
2240:Gough, E. Kathleen
970:Akkitham Narayanan
722:
706:Travancore Kingdom
673:
669:Nambudiri Brahmins
632:Deshastha Brahmins
206:
198:
158:starting in 1957.
95:
79:
35:
2547:Hindu communities
2257:978-0-520-02529-5
2225:978-0-52131-426-8
2188:10.1111/rsr.12271
2147:(2): Year: 2014.
2121:978-0-19939-769-3
2094:978-1-13406-118-1
1942:978-1-108-34269-8
1905:978-90-04-04510-1
1858:978-90-04-04510-1
1761:978-0-8239-3179-8
1687:Indian Literature
1671:978-0-52131-426-8
1638:978-1-13406-118-1
1501:'Kerala Charitram
1389:10.1111/rsr.12271
1322:978-1-13406-118-1
1293:978-1-13406-118-1
1264:978-81-7022-282-8
1155:(52): A129–A137.
1062:978-0-521-21301-1
972:, Indian painter.
765:Baudhāyana Śrauta
712:Religious customs
645:Syrian Christians
626:and chose to use
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960:, Musical artist
952:Babu Namboothiri
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855:Marriage customs
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791:Samaveda in the
622:established the
511:Hindu philosophy
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870:Kathleen Gough
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556:and the local
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408:Bharathappuzha
386:Bharathappuzha
354:Bharathappuzha
308:Bharathappuzha
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533:Early history
532:
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519:primogeniture
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239:Chera dynasty
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19:
2501:. Retrieved
2489:
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2456:
2447:
2435:. Retrieved
2423:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2389:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2363:
2353:
2320:
2316:
2295:. Retrieved
2290:
2286:
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2247:
2234:
2214:
2204:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2110:
2103:
2084:
2074:
2052:(2): 17–18.
2049:
2045:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
2000:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1977:
1968:
1958:
1951:
1932:
1909:. Retrieved
1889:
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1842:
1827:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1773:
1765:
1745:
1737:
1728:
1722:
1713:
1707:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1660:
1628:
1599:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1569:
1559:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1500:
1441:
1436:
1414:(2): 1–146.
1411:
1407:
1397:
1380:
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1183:
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1148:
1142:
1127:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1071:
1051:
1044:
1017:
1014:"Old Kerala"
1007:
934:Rahul Easwar
913:
904:
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894:
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858:
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839:
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783:
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768:
764:
760:
753:
746:
742:
738:
728:
674:
668:
659:Demographics
648:
613:
572:
565:
562:
538:
536:
517:, including
497:
457:Adi Shankara
455:
432:
428:Palakkad Gap
424:Middle Tamil
398:
377:
373:
357:
343:
332:Palakkad Gap
300:Palakkad Gap
285:
267:
229:, the sixth
212:
160:
154:, until the
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
98:
96:
88:
80:
46:
37:This is the
31:
1805:(1): 1–29.
1693:(3): 5–30.
1105:(8): 3–17.
940:Namboothiri
916:Koodiyattam
878:concubinage
872:notes that:
832:thortumundu
810:Frits Staal
787:Gṛhya Sutra
780:Gṛhya Sutra
769:Gṛhya Sutra
616:Susan Bayly
591:matrilineal
579:patrilineal
435:Heike Moser
366:Tirur Taluk
287:Mahabharata
274:North India
263:Mahabharata
227:Parashurama
124:Namboothiri
112:Nampoothiri
18:Namboothiri
2531:Categories
1582:28 October
999:References
926:See also:
891:matrilocal
849:Dikshitars
806:Agnicayana
800:Agnicayana
761:Taittirīya
747:Śāṅkhāyana
743:Āśvalāyana
731:recensions
636:Tamil Nadu
560:language.
509:school of
362:Tirunavaya
340:Tamil Nadu
320:Tamil Nadu
318:- western
312:Coimbatore
296:Tamil Nadu
255:Tamil Nadu
120:Namboodiri
90:pūrvaśikhā
2498:0971-751X
2490:The Hindu
2465:0971-8257
2432:0971-751X
2424:The Hindu
2398:0971-751X
2390:The Hindu
2345:163592798
2196:0319-485X
2161:1084-7561
2066:1084-7561
2025:19 August
1983:19 August
1819:1084-7561
1571:The Hindu
1551:1084-7561
1468:cite book
1428:1084-7561
1362:1084-7561
865:sambandam
793:Jaiminīya
784:Āgniveśya
686:Kozhikode
595:polyandry
567:sambandam
550:Malayalam
503:ritualism
493:Kozhikode
382:Athavanad
368:and gave
316:Karnataka
282:Karnataka
278:Tulu Nadu
194:Malayalam
165:known as
128:Nampūtiri
116:Nambūdiri
99:Nambudiri
2242:(1961).
2212:(1986).
1882:(1976).
1835:(1976).
1699:24157306
1658:(1986).
1576:Archived
1460:61821908
1348:(2): 4.
977:See also
692:and the
682:Palakkad
643:and the
554:Sanskrit
515:Brahmins
491:king of
473:Sanskrit
404:Palakkad
370:Palakkad
350:Palakkad
270:Brahmins
251:Kalabhra
247:Brahmins
171:Sanskrit
152:Jenmimar
130:, are a
43:reviewed
2337:3629883
1161:4370526
1119:3516560
782:s, and
773:Vādhūla
754:Bāṣkala
641:Ezhavas
485:Zamorin
461:ascetic
388:. The
326:during
292:Brahmin
219:Krishna
215:Narmada
181:History
144:Malabar
2496:
2463:
2430:
2396:
2343:
2335:
2297:9 June
2263:9 June
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