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inside of the igloo in the film were actually shot in a special three-walled igloo for
Flaherty's bulky camera so that there would be enough light for it to capture interior shots. This instead is what Flaherty said: "The average Eskimo igloo, about 12 feet in diameter, was much too small. On the dimensions I laid out for him, a diameter of 25 feet, Nanook and his companions started to build the biggest igloo of their lives. For two days they worked, the women and children helping them. Then came the hard part—to cut insets for the five large slab-ice windows without weakening the dome. They had hardly begun when the dome fell into pieces to the ground. 'Never mind,' said Nanook, 'I can do it next time.' For two days more they worked, but again with the same result; as soon as they began sitting in the ice windows their structure fell to the ground. It was a huge joke by this time and holding their sides they laughed their misfortune away. Again, Nanook began on the 'big Aggie igloo', but this time the women and children hauled barrels of water on sledges from the waterhole and iced the walls as they went up. Finally, the igloo was finished, and they stood eyeing it as satisfied as so many small children over a house of blocks. The light from the ice-windows proved inadequate, however, and when the interiors were finally filmed the dome's half just over the camera had to be cut away, so Nanook and his family went to sleep and awakened with all the cold of out-of-doors pouring in."
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756:. Learning about the lands and people there, Flaherty decided on his third expedition in 1913 to bring with him a glass-plate still camera and movie camera as well as a small portable printer and processor. Knowing nothing about film, he took a three-week course on the elementary techniques of filmmaking and film processing with the Eastman Kodak Company in
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Furthermore, it has been criticized for portraying Inuit as without technology or culture, and situates them outside modern history. It was also criticized for comparing Inuit to animals. The film is considered by some to be an artifact of popular culture at the time and also a result of a historical
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In one scene, Nanook and his family arrive in a kayak at the trading post. Going to trade his hunt from the year, including the skins of foxes, seals, and polar bears, Nanook comes in contact with white people and there is an amusing interaction as the two cultures meet. The trader plays music on a
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was ground-breaking cinema. It captured many authentic details of a culture little known to outsiders, and it was filmed in a remote location. Hailed almost unanimously by critics, the film was a box-office success in the United States and abroad. In the following years, many others would try to
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and tries to explain how a man 'cans' his voice. Bending forward and staring at the machine, Nanook puts his ear closer as the trader cranks the mechanism again. The trader removes the record and hands it to Nanook who at first peers at it and then puts it in his mouth and bites it. The scene is
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is one of the most celebrated sequences in the film, but interior photography presented a problem. Building an igloo large enough for a camera to enter resulted in the dome collapsing, and when they finally succeeded in making the igloo it was too dark for photography. Instead, the images of the
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Flaherty defended his work by stating, "one often has to distort a thing in order to catch its true spirit." Later filmmakers have pointed out that the only cameras available to
Flaherty at the time were both large and immobile, making it impossible to effectively capture most interior shots or
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and returned to the North and shot from August 1920 to August 1921. As a main character, Flaherty chose the celebrated hunter of the
Itivimuit tribe, Allakariallak. The full collaboration of the Inuit was key to Flaherty's success as the Inuit were his film crew and many of them knew his camera
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The film is not technically sophisticated; how could it be, with one camera, no lights, freezing cold, and everyone equally at the mercy of nature? But it has an authenticity that prevails over any complaints that some of the sequences were staged. If you stage a walrus hunt, it still involves
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It has been noted that in the 1920s, when Nanook was filmed, the Inuit had already begun integrating the use of
Western clothing and were using rifles to hunt rather than harpoons, but this does not negate that the Inuit knew how to make
864:. Flaherty also exaggerated the peril to Inuit hunters with his claim, often repeated, that Allakariallak had died of starvation less than two years after the film was completed, whereas in fact he died at home, likely of
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844:" ("polar bear" in Inuktitut mythology) because he felt its seeming genuineness made it more marketable. The "wife" shown in the film was not really his wife. According to Charlie Nayoumealuk, who was interviewed in
784:) and lost 30,000 feet of film. With his first attempt ruined, Flaherty decided to not only return for new footage, but also to refocus the film on one Inuit family as he felt his earlier footage was too much like a
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meant to be a comical one as the audience laughs at the naivete of Nanook and people isolated from
Western culture. In truth, the scene was entirely scripted and Allakariallak knew what a gramophone was.
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727:, Canada. Nanook, his wife Nyla and their family are introduced as fearless heroes who endure rigors no other race could survive. The audience sees Nanook, often with his family, hunt a
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of
Flaherty." And although Allakariallak normally used a gun when hunting, Flaherty encouraged him to hunt after the fashion of his recent ancestors in order to capture the way the
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from animals found in their environment, could still fashion traditional weapons and were perfectly able to make use of them if found to be preferable for a given situation.
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life. By 1916, Flaherty had enough footage to begin evaluating screenings and was met with wide enthusiasm. However, in 1916, Flaherty dropped a cigarette onto the
1918:"Life Among The Eskimos: The Difficulties And Hardships Of The Arctic. how Motion Pictures Were Secured of Nanook Of The North And His Hardy And Generous People"
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elements, including the "casting" of locals into fictitious "roles" and family relationships, as well as anachronistic "staged" hunting scenes. It is not a
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It was the first feature-length documentary to achieve commercial success, proving the financial viability of the genre and inspiring many films to come.
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1963:
essay by Daniel Eagan in
America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, A&C Black, 2010
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1891:"How I Filmed "Nanook Of The North": Adventures With The Eskimos To Get Pictures Of Their Home Life And Their Battles With Nature To Get Food"
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based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 8.68/10. The site's critics' consensus reads: "An enthralling documentary and a visual feat,
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described the film's central figure, Nanook, as "one of the most vital and unforgettable human beings ever recorded on film." In a 2014
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camera, a portable developing and printing machine, and some lighting equipment, Flaherty spent 1914 and 1915 shooting hours of film of
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1330:"MP-0000.596.1 | Le chasseur au harpon, 1920–1929 | Impression | Robert J. Flaherty | Musée McCord"
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hunting a walrus, and the walrus hasn't seen the script. What shines through is the humanity and optimism of the Inuit.
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co-editor), Frances
Flaherty, photos from Flaherty's trip to the arctic, and excerpts from a TV documentary,
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as "stand alone" among
Flaherty's films "in its stark regard for the courage and ingenuity of its heroes."
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In 2013, Flicker Alley released a remastered Blu-ray version that includes six other arctic films.
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unstructured exterior scenes without significantly modifying the environment and subject action.
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1496:. p. 86 (citing Fatimah Tobing Rony, Taxidermy and Romantic Ethnography: Robert Flaherty's
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Robert
Flaherty Talking," in Cinema 1950, edited by Roger Manvell (London: Pelican, 1950) 18–19.
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Some have criticized Flaherty for staging several sequences, but the film has been described by
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The Long Exile, A True Story of Deception and Survival Amongst the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic
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as an explorer and prospector searching for iron ore and other mineral deposits along the
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fascination for Inuit performers in exhibitions, zoos, fairs, museums and early cinema.
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fascinates with its dramatic depiction of life in an extremely hostile environment."
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Defamiliarizing the aboriginal: cultural practices and decolonization in Canada
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follow Flaherty's success with "primitive peoples" films. In 2005, film critic
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parodying the 1990 documentary about the making of Nanook of the North titled
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plays Flaherty and Adamie Quasiak Inukpuk (a relative of Nanook) plays Nanook.
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1527:(Montréal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005), pp. 387–388
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1096:"Nanook of the North" is the name of the protagonist in the Arctic-Themed
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471:
453:
2018:
2007:
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Gray, Hugh (1950). "Robert Flaherty and the Naturalistic Documentary".
1398:"Growing Things: the Rural Patience of Robert Flaherty (1994 revision)"
788:. Spending four years raising money, Flaherty was eventually funded by
634:, at a time when the concept of separating films into documentary and
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for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
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Nanook of the North: A Story of Life and Love in the Actual Arctic
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did not yet exist. In the tradition of what would later be called
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and AA Gill in BBC Archive on 4: The Camera Never Lies, 2016
1985:
essay by Patricia R. Zimmermann and Sean Zimmermann Auyash
1525:
Robert and Frances Flaherty: A Documentary Life, 1883–1922
1481:. Durham and London: Duke University Press. p. 104.
1539:
The Third Eye: Race, Cinema, and Ethnographic Spectacle
1479:
The Third Eye: Race, Cinema, and Ethnographic Spectacle
979:. It includes an interview with Flaherty's widow (and
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was among the first group of 25 films selected by the
2205:
1455:
Documentary : A History of the Non-Fiction Film
1273:"ENTERTAINMENT: Film Registry Picks First 25 Movies"
1115:
List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes
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2042:Experimental footage done with Nanook of the North
2034:is available for free viewing and download at the
1632:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 47–48.
1610:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
1603:
1439:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 34–36.
1421:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 33–35.
1381:"Arctic Profiles: Robert J. Flaherty (1884-1951)"
975:was digitally remastered and released on DVD by
1863:. Westport, Connecticut: Preager. p. 111.
1747:
1745:
944:the seventh-best documentary film of all time.
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1457:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 36.
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1630:Documentary:A History of the Non-Fiction Film
1437:Documentary:A History of the Non-Fiction Film
1419:Documentary:A History of the Non-Fiction Film
925:As the first "nonfiction" work of its scale,
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8:
1833:Upadhyaya, Kayla Kumari (August 27, 2015).
1541:. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
2313:United States National Film Registry films
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1514:(Lanham, MD:Scarecrow Press, 2004), p. 23.
831:"Nanook" was in fact named Allakariallak (
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587:
194:
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20:
1305:"Complete National Film Registry Listing"
715:The documentary follows the lives of an
642:, the film follows the struggles of the
2293:Documentary films about Inuit in Canada
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1923:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
1896:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
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1152:
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202:
1916:Flaherty, Robert J. (September 1922).
1789:from the original on December 11, 2021
1779:"A TOUGH WINTER (1923) – Snub Pollard"
1159:Nanook of the North incorporates many
822:Filming of Nanook of the North in 1922
687:for preservation in the United States
1835:"Documentary Now!: "Kunuk Uncovered""
1375:
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862:European colonization of the Americas
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7:
1349:
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181:Silent film with English intertitles
1889:Flaherty, Robert J. (August 1922).
1644:"Silent film tops documentary poll"
1219:. Ebert Digital LLC. Archived from
1211:Ebert, Roger (September 25, 2005).
1054:is a 1994 film about the making of
646:named Nanook and his family in the
336:Incidents of Travel in Chichen Itza
2323:Race-related controversies in film
2068:an essay by Dean W. Duncan at the
1861:The Words and Music of Frank Zappa
1728:Motion Picture News (Jan–Feb 1923)
1722:Gale, Lillian (February 3, 1923).
1512:Historical Dictionary of the Inuit
1117:, a film review aggregator website
14:
2278:Films directed by Robert Flaherty
2273:Black-and-white documentary films
1213:"Reality at the end of the world"
382:Museum of Indian Arts and Culture
377:Museum of Anthropology, Cambridge
362:National Anthropological Archives
2215:
1072:In episode 2 of the 2015 series
650:. It is written and directed by
329:Nǃai, the Story of a ǃKung Woman
228:
2143:White Shadows in the South Seas
744:In 1910, Flaherty was hired by
16:1922 film by Robert J. Flaherty
2268:Anthropology documentary films
2248:American black-and-white films
1724:"A Rough [sic] Winter"
1078:(IFC), "Kunuk Uncovered" is a
1:
2263:American silent feature films
2135:The Twenty-four Dollar Island
372:Museum of Anthropology at UBC
2303:Films about hunter-gatherers
2002:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
1670:"Nanook of the North (1922)"
1537:Fatimah Tobing Rony (1996).
1477:Fatimah Tobing Rony (1996).
1018:The 1923 silent film comedy
837:[al.la.ka.ɢi.al.lak]
780:(which was highly flammable
711:Nanook (Allakariallak), 1920
2328:Stereotypes of Inuit people
1859:Lowe, Kelly Fisher (2006).
430:Margaret Mead Film Festival
2349:
2258:American documentary films
2253:American docufiction films
1703:. The Criterion Collection
957:an approval rating of 100%
848:(1990), "the two women in
622:that combines elements of
425:List of ethnographic films
387:Robert Hull Fleming Museum
367:Centro Cultural Mexiquense
2113:
1606:Documentary Film Classics
1169:List of docufiction films
1102:Don't Eat the Yellow Snow
940:poll, film critics voted
880:Visit to the trading post
754:Canadian Northern Railway
295:Indigenous Australian art
28:
977:The Criterion Collection
778:original camera negative
1523:Robert J. Christopher,
1104:" and "Nanook Rubs It."
343:The Doon School Quintet
198:Part of a series on the
143:June 11, 1922
2243:1922 documentary films
1989:National Film Registry
1358:. Criterion Collection
1026:. It was produced by
1009:
918:
823:
712:
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689:National Film Registry
1813:Turner Classic Movies
1701:"Nanook of the North"
1356:"Nanook of the North"
1332:. Mccord-museum.qc.ca
1182:"Nanook of the North"
1007:
894:Hunting of the walrus
821:
801:Building of the igloo
746:Sir William Mackenzie
710:
702:
654:, who also served as
577:cultural anthropology
2333:1920s American films
2308:Pathé Exchange films
2288:Films shot in Quebec
2070:Criterion Collection
1253:. One World Magazine
1247:"Robert Flaherty's "
1186:Criterion Collection
901:traditional clothing
805:The building of the
797:better than he did.
703:Nyla, wife of Nanook
552:Hortense Powdermaker
2283:Films set in Quebec
2119:Nanook of the North
2065:Nanook of the North
2054:Nanook of the North
2031:Nanook of the North
2020:Nanook of the North
2009:Nanook of the North
1996:Nanook of the North
1983:Nanook of the North
1961:Nanook of the North
1554:Hollywood Quarterly
1498:Nanook of the North
1309:Library of Congress
1249:Nanook of the North
1223:on December 7, 2021
1056:Nanook of the North
1024:Nanook of the North
981:Nanook of the North
973:Nanook of the North
961:Nanook of the North
942:Nanook of the North
927:Nanook of the North
840:); Flaherty chose "
758:Rochester, New York
685:Library of Congress
681:Nanook of the North
640:salvage ethnography
618:is a 1922 American
615:Nanook of the North
522:Claude Lévi-Strauss
445:Salvage ethnography
440:Museum anthropology
315:Nanook of the North
290:Art of the Americas
204:Anthropology of art
24:Nanook of the North
2298:Ethnofiction films
2159:Oidhche Sheanchais
2107:Robert J. Flaherty
2105:Films directed by
1759:. January 23, 1923
1285:September 19, 1989
1010:
985:Flaherty and Film.
824:
713:
705:
652:Robert J. Flaherty
517:Robert Hugh Layton
502:Robert J. Flaherty
98:Robert J. Flaherty
87:Robert J. Flaherty
59:Robert J. Flaherty
51:Robert J. Flaherty
42:Robert J. Flaherty
2203:
2202:
1510:Pamela R. Stern,
1278:Los Angeles Times
1100:conjoined songs "
1005:
955:, the film holds
949:review aggregator
770:Bell & Howell
611:
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415:Video ethnography
410:Ethnographic film
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1084:Nanook Revisited
1075:Documentary Now!
1030:and directed by
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854:common-law wives
846:Nanook Revisited
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721:Ungava Peninsula
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562:David MacDougall
497:Frances Densmore
404:Related articles
260:Material culture
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1650:. August 2014
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2019:
2008:
1995:
1982:
1960:
1946:
1932:. Retrieved
1927:
1921:
1905:. Retrieved
1900:
1894:
1882:Bibliography
1860:
1854:
1842:. Retrieved
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1803:
1793:February 16,
1791:. Retrieved
1782:
1773:
1763:February 16,
1761:. Retrieved
1756:
1734:February 16,
1732:. Retrieved
1727:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1673:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1605:
1594:
1587:Molly Dineen
1582:
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1392:
1360:. Retrieved
1334:. Retrieved
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1276:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1248:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1221:the original
1216:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:
1176:
1155:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1083:
1080:mockumentary
1073:
1055:
1049:
1036:Snub Pollard
1023:
1019:
984:
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972:
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960:
946:
941:
935:
926:
924:
906:
897:
883:
874:
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866:tuberculosis
849:
845:
830:
804:
792:fur company
767:
743:
723:of northern
714:
680:
678:
675:
668:
614:
613:
612:
542:Alan Merriam
492:John Collier
435:Cantometrics
341:
334:
327:
322:The Ax Fight
320:
314:
313:
277:Case studies
255:Body culture
159:Running time
136:Release date
101:Charles Gelb
18:
2180: [
2151:Man of Aran
2059:Roger Ebert
1809:"Kabloonak"
1165:docufiction
1098:Frank Zappa
932:Roger Ebert
914:Roger Ebert
827:Hoax claims
814:Controversy
740:Development
671:Roger Ebert
632:docufiction
624:documentary
620:silent film
547:Bruno Nettl
512:Alfred Gell
420:Ethnocinema
300:Oceanic art
56:Produced by
38:Directed by
2238:1922 films
2232:Categories
1969:0826429777
1870:0275987795
1147:References
1067:Television
967:Home media
887:gramophone
833:pronounced
786:travelogue
750:Hudson Bay
735:Production
557:Jean Rouch
527:Alan Lomax
482:Franz Boas
450:Tribal art
163:79 minutes
147:1922-06-11
110:Production
48:Written by
1934:August 4,
1930:: 632–640
1907:August 4,
1903:: 553–560
1685:April 12,
1654:August 1,
1560:(1): 47.
1289:April 22,
1227:March 20,
1161:docudrama
1051:Kabloonak
1028:Hal Roach
1022:parodied
971:In 1999,
921:Reception
679:In 1989,
628:docudrama
265:New media
168:Countries
92:Edited by
2175:The Land
2025:AllMovie
1787:Archived
1707:April 3,
1648:BBC News
1628:(1993).
1602:(1997).
1453:(1993).
1435:(1993).
1417:(1993).
1362:April 3,
1336:June 13,
1109:See also
951:website
911:—
768:Using a
752:for the
664:producer
644:Inuk man
472:Tim Asch
454:Folk art
189:$ 53,000
178:Language
64:Starring
2177:
2045:at the
1999:at the
1991:website
1987:on the
1945:(2006)
1844:July 2,
1818:July 1,
1783:YouTube
1574:1209484
764:Filming
356:Museums
145: (
112:company
76:Cunayou
2208:Portal
2196:(1948)
2188:(1942)
2170:(1937)
2162:(1935)
2154:(1934)
2146:(1928)
2138:(1927)
2130:(1926)
2122:(1922)
1967:
1867:
1572:
1314:May 6,
1167:(See:
850:Nanook
842:Nanook
790:French
729:walrus
725:Quebec
662:, and
660:editor
573:Social
186:Budget
173:France
2186:]
2127:Moana
1570:JSTOR
1401:(PDF)
1384:(PDF)
1122:Notes
1091:Music
1038:with
858:Inuit
807:igloo
774:Inuit
636:drama
217:dance
213:music
209:media
2222:Film
2014:IMDb
1965:ISBN
1936:2009
1928:XLIV
1909:2009
1901:XLIV
1865:ISBN
1846:2023
1820:2023
1795:2019
1765:2019
1736:2019
1709:2012
1687:2020
1656:2014
1612:9–11
1364:2012
1338:2012
1316:2020
1291:2020
1259:2022
1229:2022
1193:2022
1042:and
1013:Film
717:Inuk
695:Plot
626:and
575:and
306:Film
222:film
220:and
73:Nyla
2057:by
2023:at
2012:at
1562:doi
947:On
282:Art
2234::
1926:.
1920:.
1899:.
1893:.
1837:.
1811:.
1785:.
1781:.
1755:.
1744:^
1726:.
1678:.
1672:.
1646:.
1568:.
1556:.
1500:).
1372:^
1346:^
1307:.
1281:.
1275:.
1251:""
1245:.
1215:.
1201:^
1184:.
1058:.
868:.
760:.
666:.
658:,
215:,
211:,
2210::
2183:d
2098:e
2091:t
2084:v
1938:.
1911:.
1873:.
1848:.
1822:.
1797:.
1767:.
1738:.
1711:.
1689:.
1658:.
1614:.
1576:.
1564::
1558:5
1403:.
1386:.
1366:.
1340:.
1318:.
1293:.
1261:.
1231:.
1195:.
1171:)
1046:.
630:/
602:e
595:t
588:v
452:/
206:,
149:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
