3717:
3740:), capturing Nanyue's naval fleet and provisions. Seizing the opportunity, they continued south and defeated the first wave of Nanyue defenders before stopping to await the company led by Lu Bode. Lu's forces were mostly convicts freed in exchange for military service and made slow time, so at the planned rendezvous date with Yang Pu only a thousand of Lu's men had arrived. They went ahead with the attack anyway, and Yang's men led the advance into Panyu where Lü Jia and Zhao Jiande had fortified inside the inner walls. Yang Pu set up a camp southeast of the city and, as darkness fell, set the city on fire. Lu Bode encamped the northwest side of the city and sent soldiers up to the walls to encourage the Nanyue soldiers to surrender. As the night passed, more and more Panyu defenders defected to Lu Bode's camp out of desperation, so that as dawn arrived most of the Nanyue soldiers were gone. Lü Jia and Zhao Jiande realized Panyu was lost and fled the city by boat, heading west before the sun rose. Upon interrogating the surrendered soldiers, the Han generals learned of the two Nanyue leaders' escape and sent men after them. Zhao Jiande was caught first, and Lü Jia was captured in what is now
4131:
in the government. Lü Jia, the last prime minister of the
Kingdom, was a Yue citizen, and over 70 of his kinsmen served as officials in various parts of the government. In areas of particular "complexity", as they were called, Yue chieftains were often enfeoffed with great autonomy, such as in Xixu. Under the impetus of Zhao Tuo's leadership, Chinese immigrants were encouraged to adopt the customs of the Yue. Marriages between the Han Chinese and Yue became increasingly common throughout Nanyue's existence, and even occurred in the Zhao royal family. Many marriages between the Zhao royal family (who were Han Chinese) and the Lü family (Yue – they likely adopted Chinese names early in Nanyue's history) were recorded. Zhao Jiande, Nanyue's last king, was the son of previous king Zhao Yingqi and his Yue wife. Despite the dominating influence of the Chinese newcomers on the Hundred Yue, the amount of assimilation gradually increased over time.
3350:) to Nanyue in hopes of obtaining Zhao Tuo's allegiance. After arriving, Lu met with Zhao Tuo and is said to have found him dressed in Yue clothing and being greeted after their customs, which enraged him. A long exchange ensued, wherein Lu is said to have admonished Zhao Tuo, pointing out that he was Chinese, not Yue, and should have maintained the dress and decorum of the Chinese and not have forgotten the traditions of his ancestors. Lu lauded the strength of the Han court and warned against a kingdom as small as Nanyue daring to oppose it. He further threatened to kill Zhao's kinsmen in China proper and destroying their ancestral graveyards, as well as coercing the Yue into deposing Zhao himself. Following the threat, Zhao Tuo then decided to receive Emperor Gaozu's seal and submit to Han authority. Trade relations were established at the border between Nanyue and the Han
3385:, Hebei) who killed much of Zhao's extended family and desecrated the ancestral graveyard there. Zhao Tuo believed that Wu Chen, the Prince of Changsha, had made false accusations against him to get Empress Dowager Lü to block the trade between the states and to prepare to conquer the Nanyue to merge into his principality of Changsha. In revenge, he then declared himself the emperor of Nanyue and attacked the principality of Changsha and captured some neighboring towns under Han domain. Lü sent general Zhou Zao to punish Zhao Tuo. However, in the hot and humid climate of the south, an epidemic broke out quickly amongst the soldiers, and the weakened army was unable to cross the mountains, forcing them to withdraw which ended in Nanyue victory, but the military conflict did not stop until the Empress died. Zhao Tuo then annexed the neighboring state of
3175:) Yue tribe went smoothly, and Western Valley chieftain Yi-Xu-Song was killed. However, the Western Valley Yue were unwilling to submit to the Qin and fled into the jungle where they selected a new leader to continue resisting the Chinese armies. Later, a night-time counterattack by the Western Valley Yue devastated the Qin troops, and General Tu Sui was killed in the fighting. The Qin suffered heavy losses, and the imperial court selected General Zhao Tuo to assume command of the Chinese army. In 214 BC, the First Emperor dispatched Ren Xiao and Zhao Tuo at the head of reinforcements to once again mount an attack. This time, the Western Valley Yue were completely defeated, and the Lingnan region was brought entirely under Chinese control. In the same year, the Qin court established the
3612:, he dispatched a man named Han Qianqiu with 2,000 officials to Nanyue to wrest control from Lü Jia. In 112 BC, the men crossed into Nanyue territory, and Lü Jia finally executed his plan. He and those loyal to him appealed to the citizens that Zhao Xing was but a youth, Queen Dowager Jiu a foreigner who was plotting with the Han emissaries with the intent to turn the country over to Han China, giving over all of Nanyue's treasures to the Han Emperor and selling Yue citizens to the Imperial court as slaves with no thought for the welfare of the Yue people themselves. With the people's support, Lü Jia and his younger brother led a large group of men into the king's palace, killing Zhao Xing, Queen Dowager Jiu, and all the Han emissaries in the capital.
3596:
requesting that they would join Han China, that they might have an audience with the
Emperor every third year, and that the borders between Han China and Nanyue might be dissolved. The Emperor Wu granted her requests and sent Imperial seals to the Prime Minister and other senior officials, symbolizing that the Han court expected to directly control the appointments of senior officials. He also abolished the penal tattooing and nose-removal criminal punishments that were practiced among the Yue and instituted Han legal statutes. Emissaries that had been sent to Nanyue were instructed to remain there to ensure the stability of Han control. Upon receiving their Imperial decrees, King Zhao and the Queen Dowager began planning to leave for Chang'an.
5145:
3605:
Han emissaries would become enraged and kill Lü. However, Lü's younger brother had surrounded the palace with armed guards, and the Han emissaries, led by Anguo Shaoji, didn't dare attack Lü. Sensing the danger of the moment, Lü excused himself and stood to leave the palace. The Queen
Dowager herself became furious and tried to grab a spear with which to kill the Prime Minister personally, but she was stopped by her son, the king. Lü Jia instructed his brother's armed men to surround his compound and stand guard and feigned illness, refusing to meet with King Zhao or any Han emissaries. At the same time, he began seriously plotting the upcoming coup with other officials.
5105:
5021:
1147:
5121:
5033:
5045:
4704:
5081:
4696:
4997:
4913:, the lack of any trace of Austroasiatic in relevant ancient records, or in the neighbouring Tai languages, as well as the short time depth of Proto-Vietic, that "here is no evidence of Vietic, Proto-Việt-Mường or other Austroasiatic speakers living in and around Jiaozhi in the lower Red River basin prior to the 10th or 11th centuries." However, John Phan (2010), citing Maspero 1912, Wang 1948, & Miyake 2003, points out the existence of an "Early Sino-Vietnamese" layer of loanwords traceable back to
105:
4227:
5009:
5172:
5157:
4218:
4296:
5057:
5133:
4685:
5093:
3592:. At the time, Zhao Xing was still young and the Queen Dowager was a recent immigrant to Nanyue, so final authority in matters of state rested in the hands of Prime Minister Lü Jia. Before the Queen Dowager married Zhao Yingqi, it was widely rumored that she had had an affair with Anguo Shaoji, and they were said to have renewed it when he was sent to Nanyue, which caused the Nanyue citizens to lose confidence in her rule.
3403:
5069:
3296:
4169:
2938:
3471:, and even sent his son Zhao Yingqi to return with Yan to the Chinese capital. Before the king could ever leave for Chang'an himself, one of his ministers strenuously advised against going for fear that Emperor Wu would find some pretext to prevent him from returning, thus leading to the destruction of Nanyue. King Zhao Mo thereupon feigned illness and never travelled to the Han capital.
3459:
122:
2102:
5830:
Việt của Triệu Đề, triều đình nhà Triệu tan rã lúc bấy giờ thừa tướng Lữ Gia, một tướng tài của triều đình đã rút khỏi kinh đô Phiên Ngung (thuộc Quảng Đông – Trung Quốc ngày nay). Về đóng ở núi Long Động – Lập Thạch, chống lại quân Hán do Lộ Bác Đức chỉ huy hơn 10 năm (từ 111- 98 TCN), suốt thời gian đó Ông cùng các thổ hào và nhân dân đánh theo quân nhà Hán thất điên bát đảo."
3635:
3557:
3953:
3055:
3807:
4078:
3600:
criticized Zhao Xing on numerous occasions, though his outcries were ignored. Lü decided to begin planning a coup and feigned illness to avoid meeting the emissaries of the Han court. The emissaries were well aware of Lü's influence in the kingdom – it easily rivalled that of the king – but were never able to remove him.
4054:, he enfeoffed a Yue chieftain as King of Xixu in order to allow the Yue of that area to enjoy autonomy under a ruler of their own ethnicity. The chieftain's name is unknown, but he was a descendant of Yi-Xu-Song, the chieftain killed while fighting the original Chinese invasion under the Qin dynasty.
4266:
Nanyue's second period of submission to the Han dynasty lasted from 179 BC to 112 BC. This period began with Zhao Tuo abandoning his title of "Emperor" and declaring allegiance to the Han Empire, but the submission is mostly superficial as Zhao Tuo was referred to as emperor throughout Nanyue and the
3423:
suggested sending Lu Jia to Nanyue as they were familiar with each other. Lu arrived once more in Panyu and delivered a letter from the
Emperor emphasizing that Empress Lü's policies were what had caused the hostility between Nanyue and the Han court and brought suffering to the border citizens. Zhao
4358:
The relations between Nanyue and Minyue can be classified into three stages: the first, from 196 BC to 183 BC, was during Zhao Tuo's first submission to the Han dynasty, and the two kingdoms were on relatively equal footing. The second stage was from 183 BC to 135 BC, when Minyue submitted to Nanyue
4331:
as the first King of
Changsha, he also gave him the power to govern Nanhai, Xiang, and Guiling Commanderies, which caused strife between Changsha and Nanyue from the start. The Han China-Nanyue border was essentially that of Changsha, and therefore was constantly fortified on both sides. In terms of
6055:
Chiếc ấn đồng khối vuông "Tư (Việt) phố hầu ấn" có đúc hình rùa trên lưng được thương nhân cũng là nhà sưu tầm người Bỉ tên là Clement Huet mua được ở Thanh Hóa hồi trước thế chiến II (hiện bày ở Bảo tàng Nghệ thuật và Lịch sử Hoàng Gia Bỉ, Brussel) được cho là của viên điển sứ tước hầu ở Cửu Chân.
5868:
vol.1-6, p91, 2003 "In 111 B.C. there prevailed a historical personage of the name of Tay Vu Vuong who took advantage of troubles circumstances in the early period of
Chinese domination to raise his power, and finally was killed by his general assistant, Hoang Dong. Professor Tran Quoc Vuong saw in
4130:
proactively promoted a policy of assimilating the two cultures into each other. Although the Han were certainly dominant in holding leadership positions, the overwhelming disparity was largest immediately after the Qin conquest. Over time, the Yue gradually began holding more positions of authority
3604:
recorded a story that the Queen
Dowager and the Zhao Xing invited Lü to a banquet with several Han emissaries where they hoped to find a chance to kill Lü: during the banquet, the Queen Dowager mentioned that Prime Minister Lü was against Nanyue submitting to the Han dynasty, with the hope that the
3599:
Prime
Minister Lü Jia was much older than most officials and had served since the reign of Zhao Xing's grandfather Zhao Mo. His family was the preeminent Yue family in Nanyue and was thoroughly intermarried with the Zhao royal family. He vehemently opposed Nanyue's submission to the Han dynasty and
3222:
region devolved into chaos. Soon after the first insurrections, Nanhai
Lieutenant Ren Xiao became gravely ill and summoned Zhao Tuo to hear his dying instructions. Ren described the natural advantages of the southern region and described how a kingdom could be founded with the many Chinese settlers
4909:. Chamberlain demonstrates with textual evidence that many rebel groups during the Tang dynasty originated from the Cả River and subsequently pushed northward to the Red River, linking this to the linguistic shift. Chamberlain demonstrates, based on the concentration of linguistic diversity of the
4057:
Nanyue's bureaucracy was, like the famed bureaucracy of the Qin dynasty, divided into central and regional governments. The central government comprised a prime minister who held military and administrative authority, inner scribes who served under the prime minister, overseeing
Censors of various
5829:
Theo nhiều thư tịch cổ và các công trình nghiên cứu, sưu tầm của nhiều nhà khoa học nổi tiếng trong nước, cùng với sự truyền lại của nhân dân từ đời này sang đời khác, của các cụ cao tuổi ở Bạch Lưu, Hải Lựu và các xã lân cận thì vào cuối thế kỷ thứ II trước công nguyên, nhà Hán tấn công nước Nam
3716:
3450:
to send troops to Nanyue's aid against what he called "the rebels of Minyue". The Emperor lauded Zhao Mo for his vassal loyalty and sent Wang Hui, an official governing ethnic minorities, and agricultural official Han Anguo at the head of an army with orders to separate and attack Minyue from two
3329:
and reunified Central China in 202 BC. The fighting had left many areas of China depopulated and impoverished, and feudal lords continued to rebel while the Xiongnu made frequent incursions into northern Chinese territory. The precarious state of the empire therefore forced the Han court to treat
3507:
to Emperor Wu suggesting a gathering of 100,000 elite soldiers at Yelang who would navigate the Zangke River and launch a surprise attack on Nanyue. Emperor Wu agreed with Tang's plan and promoted him to General of Langzhong and had him lead a thousand soldiers with a multitude of provisions and
4254:
enthroning Zhao Tuo as King of Nanyue. This period lasted thirteen years until 183 BC, during which time significant trade took place. Nanyue paid tribute in rarities from the south, and the Han court bestowed gifts of iron tools, horses, and cattle upon Nanyue. At the same time, the countries'
3713:, declared his intention to participate in the Han dynasty's attack on Nanyue and sent 8,000 men to support Yang Pu's company. However, upon reaching Jieyang, they pretended to have encountered severe winds that prevented them from advancing, and secretly sent details of the invasion to Nanyue.
3595:
Fearful of losing her position of authority, Queen Dowager Jiu persuaded Zhao Xing and his ministers to fully submit to Han dynasty rule, shifting Nanyue from an outer vassal state (外属诸侯国) to an inner vassal state (内属诸侯国) to Han dynasty. At the same time, she dispatched a memorial to Emperor Wu
3657:
when they were ambushed by a regiment of Nanyue soldiers and completely annihilated. Lü Jia then took the imperial tokens of the Han emissaries and placed them in a ceremonial wooden box, then attached to it a fake letter of apology and installed it on the border of Han and Nanyue, along with
3418:
ascended the throne as Emperor of the Han. He reversed many of the previous policies of Empress Lü and took a conciliatory attitude toward Zhao Tuo and Nanyue. He ordered officials to revisit Zhending, garrison the town, and make offerings to Zhao Tuo's ancestors regularly. His prime minister
3615:
After the assassinations of Zhao Xing, the Queen Dowager, and the Han emissaries, Lü Jia ensured that Zhao Jiande, Zhao Yingqi's eldest son by his native Yue wife, took the throne, and quickly sent messengers to spread the news to the feudal rulers and officials of various areas of Nanyue.
4395:'s final attack on Nanyue, most of the Yi tribes refused to assist in the invasion. One chieftain called Qie-Lan went so far as to openly oppose the move, later killing the emissary sent by the Han to his territory as well as the provincial governor installed in the Qianwei Commandery.
5855:
Từ điển bách khoa quân sự Việt Nam, 2004, p564 "KHỞI NGHĨA TÂY VU VƯƠNG (lll TCN), khởi nghĩa của người Việt ở Giao Chỉ chống ách đô hộ của nhà Triệu (TQ). Khoảng cuối lll TCN, nhân lúc nhà Triệu suy yếu, bị nhà Tây Hán (TQ) thôn tính, một thủ lĩnh người Việt (gọi là Tây Vu Vương,
4359:
after seeing it defeat the Han dynasty's first attack on Nanyue. The third stage began in 135 BC when King Wang Ying attacked a weakened Nanyue, forcing Zhao Mo to seek aid from Han China. Minyue once again submitted to the Han dynasty, making itself and Nanyue equals once more.
4837:. However, later historians in the 18th century started questioning this view. Ngô Thì Sĩ argued that Zhao Tuo was a foreign invader and Nanyue a foreign dynasty that should not be included in Vietnamese history. This view became the mainstream among Vietnamese historians in
1101:
considered Nanyue to be a legitimate state of Vietnam and the official starting point of their history. However, starting in the 18th century, the view that Nanyue was not a legitimate Vietnamese state and Zhao Tuo was a foreign invader started gaining traction. After
4274:
Nanyue's final period of antagonism with Han China was the war that proved Nanyue's destruction as a kingdom. At the time of Prime Minister Lü Jia's rebellion, Han China was enjoying a period of growth, economic prosperity, and military success, having consistently
3853:
Zhao Tuo followed the Commandery-County system of the Qin dynasty when organizing the Kingdom of Nanyue. He left Nanhai Commandery and Guilin Commandery intact, then divided Xiang Commandery into the Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen Commanderies. Nanhai comprised most of modern
3899:
watershed. Descendants of Yi-Xu-Song, the chieftain killed resisting the Qin armies, acted as self-imposed governors of the Xi'ou clans. At the time of Nanyue's defeat by the Han dynasty, there were several hundred thousand Xi'ou people in Guilin Commandery alone.
3424:
Tuo decided to submit to the Han once again, withdrawing his title of "emperor" and reverting to "king", and Nanyue became Han's subject state. However, most of the changes were superficial, and Zhao Tuo continued to be referred to as "emperor" throughout Nanyue.
4258:
Nanyue's first period of antagonism with the Han dynasty lasted from 183 BC to 179 BC, when trade was suspended and Zhao Tuo severed relations with the Han. During this period, Zhao Tuo openly referred to himself as Emperor and launched an attack against the
4208:
Beginning with its first allegiance to the Han dynasty in 196 BC, Nanyue alternately went through two periods of allegiance to and then opposition with the Han dynasty that continued until Nanyue's destruction at the hands of the Han dynasty in early 111 BC.
3474:
Immediately following Minyue's surrender to the Han army, Wang Hui had dispatched a man named Tang Meng, local governor of Panyang County, to deliver the news to Zhao Mo. While in Nanyue, Tang Meng was introduced to the Yue custom of eating a sauce made from
3780:
Afterwards, the other commanderies and counties of Nanyue surrendered to the Han dynasty, ending Nanyue's 93-year existence as an autonomous and mostly sovereign kingdom. When news of Nanyue's defeat reached Emperor Wu, he was staying in Zuoyi County in
4823:. While traditional Vietnamese historiography considered the Triệu dynasty to be an orthodox regime, modern Vietnamese scholars generally regard it as a foreign regime that ruled Vietnam. The oldest text compiled by a Vietnamese court, the 13th century
3646:
The 2,000 men led by Han Qianqiu began attacking towns along the Han-Nanyue border, and the Yue residents ceased resisting them, instead giving them supplies and safe passage. The group of men advanced quickly through Nanyue territory and were only 40
4391:, with this explaining the close relationship between Yelang and Nanyue. After Nanyue first repelled the Han, nearly all of the Yi tribes declared allegiance to Nanyue, and most of them retained that allegiance until Nanyue's demise in 111 BC. During
3658:
military reinforcements. When Emperor Wu heard of the coup and Prime Minister Lü's actions, he became enraged. After issuing compensation to the families of the slain emissaries, he decreed the immediate mobilization of an army to attack Nanyue.
4263:, a feudal state of the Han dynasty, and Han troops were sent to engage Nanyue. Nanyue's armies successfully halted the southern progress of the advance, winning the respect and then allegiance of the neighboring kingdoms of Minyue and Yelang.
3845:, and that this area was also under Nanyue control. However, scholars have recently stated that the Qin likely never conquered territory in what is now Vietnam, and that Chinese domination there was first accomplished by the Nanyue themselves.
4940:
or both. Citing other scholars (Shafer 1970, Blust 1996, Sagart 2004, Sagart 2005, Ostapirat 2013, Kelley 2013, and Chamberlain), Joachim Schliesinger states that the theory that the Vietnamese language was originally based in the area of the
4953:
Zhao Tuo wrote that he only considered his native subjects to be "barbarians". Vietnamese historian Ngô Thì Sĩ (1726–1780) refused to consider Zhao Tuo as a Vietnamese leader, saying that he was based in Panyu (Guangzhou), and only ruled the
3466:
The Emperor sent court emissary Yan Zhu to the Nanyue capital to give an official report of Minyue's surrender to Zhao Mo, who had Yan return his gratitude to the Emperor along with a promise that Zhao would come visit the Imperial Court in
3275:
In 206 BC the Qin dynasty ceased to exist, and the Yue peoples of Guilin and Xiang were largely independent once more. In 204 BC, Zhao Tuo founded the Kingdom of Nanyue, with Panyu as capital, and declared himself the Martial King of Nanyue
4235:
Gold seal excavated from the tomb of Zhao Mo, second King of Nanyue. The seal's characters, shown in detail on the right, read 文帝行壐 ("Imperial Seal of Emperor Wen"), which demonstrates the first Nanyue rulers' Emperor status within Nanyue
4058:
rank and position, commanders of the Imperial Guard, senior officials who carried out the King's official administration, as well as all military officers and officials of the Food, Music, Transportation, Agriculture, and other bureaus.
3512:) into Yelang. Many of the carts carried ceremonial gifts which Yelang presented to the feudal lords of Yelang as bribes to declare allegiance to the Han dynasty, which they did, and Yelang became Qianwei Commandery of the Han Empire.
4042:. Imperial documents from Nanyue record that princes were enfeoffed at Cangwu, Xixu, as well as local lords at Gaochang and elsewhere. Zhao Guang, a relative of Zhao Tuo, was made King of Cangwu, and his holdings were what is now
4880:
suggested that ethnic Vietnamese are descended from the ancient Yuè of northern Vietnam and western Guangdong. However, the Austroasiatic predecessor of modern Vietnamese language has been proven to originate in modern-day
3547:
family) as Queen and Zhao Xing as Crown Prince, a move that eventually brought disaster upon Nanyue. Zhao Yingqi was reputed to be a tyrant who killed citizens with flippant abandon. He died of illness around 113 BC.
2688:
3266:
sentiment. Zhao Tuo built up and reinforced his army, fearing an attack by the Han. However, when relations between the Han and Nanyue improved, in 179 BC Zhao Tuo marched southward and successfully annexed Âu Lạc.
6512:
6507:
4093:
Nanyue's army was largely composed of the several hundred thousand (up to 500,000) Qin Chinese troops that invaded during the Qin dynasty and their descendants. After the kingdom's founding in 204 BC, some
3114:
peoples of what is now southern China. Around 218 BC, the First Emperor dispatched General Tu Sui with an army of 500,000 Qin soldiers to divide into five companies and attack the Hundred Yue tribes of the
3870:. The Han Chinese population consisted of descendants of Qin armies sent to conquer the south, as well as girls who worked as army prostitutes, exiled Qin officials, exiled criminals, merchants and so on.
4950:-speaking, ethnic Hlai people in particular. The area is believed to have become Vietnamese-speaking as late as the tenth century, as a result of immigration from the south, i.e., modern central Vietnam.
4945:
in what is now northern Vietnam has been widely rejected by modern Western scholarship, based on historical records and linguistic evidence. The Red River Delta region is now considered to be originally
4037:
Although Nanyue continued the Commandery-County system of the Qin dynasty, its leaders later enfeoffed their own feudal princes and lords – a mark of its sovereignty – in a manner similar to that of the
4921:) invented from original verbs, rather than borrowed foreign words, lexical items corresponding to innovations like "trident", "oar", "pan to cook sticky rice", & "pestle", characteristic of the
1054:
of China and were all of Han Chinese in origin. They were responsible for bringing Chinese-style bureaucracy and handicraft techniques to inhabitants of southern regions, as well as knowledge of the
3935:
in northern Vietnam, and the Pan River watershed in Guizhou. The Chinese name "Luo", which denoted a white horse with a black mane, is said to have been applied to them after the Chinese saw their
5869:
him the Tay Vu chief having in hands tens of thousands of households, governing thousands miles of land and establishing his center in Co Loa area (59.239). Tay Vu and Tay Au is in fact the same.
4267:
kingdom retained its autonomy. Zhao Tuo's four successors did not display the strength he had, and Nanyue dependence on Han China slowly grew, characterized by second king Zhao Mo calling upon
3529:
After hearing of his father's serious illness, Zhao Yingqi received permission from Emperor Wu to return to Nanyue. After Zhao Mo's death, Yingqi assumed the Nanyue throne. Before leaving for
3074:
era of China; tiger Tallies were separated into two pieces, one held by the emperor, the other given to a military commander as a symbol of imperial authority and ability to command troops.
3438:
In 137 BC, Zhao Tuo died, having lived over one hundred years. Because of his great age, his son, the Crown Prince Zhao Shi, had preceded him in death, and therefore Zhao Tuo's grandson
6527:
4061:
Nanyue enacted several other policies that reflected Chinese dominance, such as the household registration system (an early form of census), as well as the promulgation of the use of
5144:
3242:), and other garrisons to fortify themselves against any northern troops. He also executed Qin officials still stationed in Nanhai and replaced them with his own trusted friends.
1015:
while in practice it was autonomous. Nanyue rulers sometimes paid symbolic obeisance to the Han dynasty but referred to themselves as emperor. In 113 BC, fourth-generation leader
5104:
6200:", in The International Conference on Tai Studies, ed. S. Burusphat, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 97-128. Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University.
5020:
4715:, covers 15,000 square metres. Excavated in 1995, it contains the remains of the ancient Nanyue palace. In 1996, it was listed as protected National Cultural Property by the
6522:
4985:
in Guangzhou. The Nanyue tomb in Guangzhou is extremely rich. There are quite a number of bronzes that show cultural influences from the Han, Chu, Yue and Ordos regions.
6552:
3971:, Nanyue's political and bureaucratic systems were, at first, essentially just continuations of those of the Qin Empire itself. Because of Zhao Tuo's submissions to the
3685:. The third and fourth companies were led by Zheng Yan and Tian Jia, both Yue chieftains who had joined the Han dynasty. The third company left from Lingling (modern
5032:
6572:
6547:
5464:
5044:
4351:
in the 3rd century BC and the area was organized under Qin control as the Minzhong Commandery, and Minyue ruler Wuzhu was deposed. Because of Wuzhu's support for
3833:. After 179 BC, Zhao Tuo persuaded Minyue, Yelang, Tongshi, and other areas to submit to Nanyue rule, but they were not strictly under Nanyue control. After the
3789:, meaning "Hearing of Glad News". After Lü Jia's capture he was executed by the Han soldiers and his head was sent to the emperor. Upon receiving it, he created
6344:
3504:
3223:
in the area to combat the warring groups in the Chinese north. He drafted a decree instating Zhao Tuo as the new Lieutenant of Nanhai, and died soon afterward.
6567:
2966:
3258:
delta area, and Nanyue encompassing Nanhai, Guilin, and Xiang Commanderies. During the time when Nanyue and Âu Lạc co-existed, Âu Lạc acknowledged Nanyue's
4126:
The Kingdom continued most of the Qin Commanderies' policies and practices dealing with the interactions between the local Yue and the Han immigrants, and
4332:
policies, because the Kingdom of Changsha had no sovereignty whatsoever, any policy of the Han court toward Nanyue was by default also Changsha's policy.
3210:, Wu Guang, and others seized the opportunity to revolt against the Qin government. Insurrections spread throughout much of China (including those led by
5222:
4917:(25 AD–220 AD), which he claims was spoken in the 2nd century BCE. Ferlus (2009) also demonstrates that Northern Vietic (Việt–Mường) and Central Vietic (
4749:
3564:
2063:
2003:
5080:
4841:
and later became the state orthodoxy after reunification. Nanyue was removed from the national history while Zhao Tuo was recast as a foreign invader.
4748:, the second ruler of Nanyue. The tomb was never disturbed by tomb robbers prior to this discovery, leaving most of the artifacts intact. In 1988, the
6542:
2642:
3541:. Together they had a son Zhao Xing. After assuming the Nanyue kingship, he petitioned the emperor to appoint his Chinese wife (who was from the Jiu
3144:
3049:
5120:
4161:
instead. It is plausible to say that the Yue spoke more than one language. Old Chinese in the region was likely much influenced by Yue speech (and
6318:
4965:
There is evidence that Vietnamese elites of the Red River Delta, during the medieval ages, tried to invent an origin of their own (the legendary
6607:
4981:
There was a fusion of Han and Nanyue cultures in significant ways, as shown by the artifacts unearthed by archaeologists from the tomb of King
2888:
1693:
1036:
6046:
2619:
6142:
6111:
5591:
3625:
1993:
6360:
Guangzhou Xi Han Nanyue wang mu bo wu guan, Peter Y. K. Lam, Chinese University of Hong Kong. Art Gallery – 1991 – 303 pages – Snippet view
6271:
Origin of the Tai People 6—Northern Tai-Speaking People of the Red River Delta and Their Habitat Today Volume 6 of Origin of the Tai People
4034:). The formalities extended to the ruler's family were on the level of that of the Han dynasty Emperor, rather than that of a feudal king.
2365:
5008:
2385:
2345:
2035:
1197:
510:
6577:
6303:
6278:
1187:
6241:
4825:
2759:
1864:
1097:
5987:
5711:
5550:
5474:
5447:
5416:
5384:
5354:
2893:
2873:
2482:
6103:
Vietnam and the Chinese Model: A Comparative Study of Vietnamese and Chinese Government in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
4870:
4355:
after the collapse of the Qin dynasty and the founding of the Han, he was reinstated by the Han court as King of Minyue in 202 BC.
4279:
tribes along China's northern and northwestern borders. The weakened state of Nanyue and the strength of China at the time allowed
3147:, Hunan). The First Emperor assigned official Shi Lu to oversee supply logistics. Shi first led a regiment of soldiers through the
2829:
6128:
3455:. Before they reached Minyue, however, the Minyue king was assassinated by his younger brother Yu Shan, who promptly surrendered.
4047:
3674:
2959:
3975:, Nanyue also adopted many of the changes enacted by the Han, as well. At the same time, Nanyue enjoyed complete autonomy – and
3858:, and was divided by the Qin into Panyu, Longchuan, Boluo, and Jieyang Counties, to which Zhao Tuo added Zhenyang and Hankuang.
6532:
2228:
1618:
1046:
region to avoid the chaos and hardship surrounding the collapse of the Qin dynasty experienced by the northern, predominantly
517:
503:
478:
464:
6393:
6386:
6210:
6162:
5977:
5674:
5520:
4996:
3837:
defeated Nanyue, its territory was divided into the seven commanderies of Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, and
2981:
2056:
2008:
818:
728:
5132:
6597:
6582:
4761:
4716:
3736:
By winter of that year, Yang Pu's company had attacked Xunxia and moved on to destroy the northern gates of Panyu (modern
2849:
2336:
2030:
1956:
1891:
797:
3446:
on the towns along the two kingdoms' borders. Because Zhao Mo hadn't yet consolidated his rule, he was forced to implore
104:
3443:
2878:
2579:
1966:
6438:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6422:
1775:
6587:
5842:
5056:
3979:
sovereignty – for most of its existence, so its rulers did enact several systems that were entirely unique to Nanyue.
3960:
3188:
2952:
2918:
2903:
2898:
2883:
2569:
2081:
2018:
1156:
662:
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5171:
5156:
4898:
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121:
6592:
6296:
Origin of the Tai People 5—Cradle of the Tai People and the Ethnic Setup Today Volume 5 of Origin of the Tai People
2422:
2218:
2023:
1111:
4844:
It has been suggested that the name "Vietnam" was derived from a combination of Quảng Nam Quốc (the domain of the
4695:
1566:
1556:
1524:
6602:
5777:
4328:
2049:
1986:
1951:
1220:
1130:
5232:
4966:
4928:
Evidence gathered by modern Western scholarship indicates that the Dong Son culture were most likely ethnically
2295:
2183:
1095:, the Vietnamese pronunciation of Nanyue. In traditional Vietnamese histogrioraphy, important works such as the
6562:
5092:
4162:
3764:
2913:
1369:
6226:
Phan, John. 2010. Phan, John. "Re-Imagining 'Annam': A New Analysis of Sino–Viet–Muong Linguistic Contact" in
6134:
5346:
Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400
4158:
3841:. It was traditionally believed that the Qin conquest of the southern regions included the northern half of
3725:
3420:
3131:, defeating them and establishing the Minzhong Commandery. The second company fortified at Nanye (in modern
31:
3410:, marking the positions of Han military garrisons that were employed in an attack against Nanyue in 181 BC.
2173:
1447:
956:) continued to rule until 111 BC. Nanyue's geographical expanse covered the modern Chinese subdivisions of
6557:
5437:
3533:
he had married a young Yue woman and had his eldest son Zhao Jiande. While in Chang'an, he also married a
3378:
2809:
2663:
1998:
1976:
1961:
1166:
1115:
1032:
394:
6170:
5304:
5279:
4315:
was, at the time, a feudal kingdom that was part of Han dynasty. Its territory comprised most of modern
1971:
1388:
180:
6345:
Kelley, Liam C. (2012). The Biography of the Hồng Bàng Clan as a Medieval Vietnamese Invented Tradition
5227:
4894:
3756:
2522:
2512:
2258:
5068:
4226:
4098:
citizens also joined the army. Nanyue's military officers were known as General, General of the Left,
3830:
3588:
for an audience with the Emperor, as well as two other officials with soldiers to await a response at
3184:
6161:. "Indo-Pacific prehistory: the Chiang Mai papers. Volume 2". Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association of
4882:
4853:
4834:
4752:
was constructed on this site, to display more than 1,000 excavated artefacts including 500 pieces of
4324:
4247:
4150:
3335:
3331:
3083:
2193:
2013:
1226:
5406:
3480:
3254:
laid south of Nanyue in the early years of Nanyue's existence, with Âu Lạc located primarily in the
992:, established Nanyue in 204 BC after the collapse of the Qin dynasty. At first, it consisted of the
6410:
6398:
6361:
6050:
5207:
4886:
4767:
A bronze seal inscribed "Tư Phố hầu ấn" (胥浦侯印, Seal for Captain of Tu Pho County) was uncovered at
4371:
lived west of Nanyue, and shared borders with Nanyue in Yelang, Wulian, Juding, and other regions.
3924:
3891:
lived in most of Guangxi and western Guangdong, with most of the population concentrated along the
3834:
3768:
3351:
3285:
3255:
2712:
2442:
2375:
1178:
1078:
region to the south. Nanyue rulers were then not against the assimilation of Yue and Han cultures.
949:
929:
841:
496:
72:
6197:
5212:
4849:
4295:
3662:
3629:
3483:. Surprised that such a product was available, he learned that there was a route from Shu (modern
2532:
783:
5111:
4153:, a now extinct language. Some scholars suggest that they spoke a language related to the modern
4062:
3810:
3690:
3476:
3415:
3370:
3187:
Commanderies, and Ren Xiao was made Lieutenant of Nanhai. Nanhai was further divided into Panyu,
3156:
2559:
2550:
2403:
2286:
2111:
2090:
1161:
993:
764:
756:
5192:
4800:
4760:
and 246 pieces of metal, all of which provide invaluable information about Nanyue. In 1996, the
4404:
4217:
4006:
system based (like China's) on Emperors' reign periods. Succession in the monarchy was based on
3721:
3682:
3677:). The second company was led by Commander Yang Pu and advanced from Yuzhang Commandery (modern
3167:
water systems ensure the safety of the Qin supply routes. The Qin attack of the Western Valley (
3135:), and was designed to put defensive pressure on the southern clans. The third company occupied
3063:
2318:
1082:
1020:
953:
299:
4868:'s request to change his country's name to Nam Việt, and changed the name instead to Việt Nam.
1110:
and after Vietnam was reunified, it became the official state orthodoxy promoted by the ruling
6382:
6299:
6274:
6138:
6107:
6101:
5983:
5707:
5670:
5587:
5546:
5540:
5516:
5512:
5470:
5443:
5412:
5380:
5350:
5268:
4914:
4684:
4392:
4280:
4268:
3908:
3826:
3822:
3609:
3581:
3452:
3447:
3362:
3180:
3176:
2839:
2601:
2238:
2131:
1909:
1232:
1059:
1028:
1001:
997:
985:
712:
704:
6466:
5640:
4149:, which was used by Han settlers and government officials, native Nanyue people likely spoke
2819:
2462:
6025:
5504:
4955:
4942:
4922:
4910:
4804:
4784:
4384:
4343:
was located northeast of Nanyue along China's southeast coast, and comprised much of modern
4320:
4312:
4304:
4276:
4260:
4251:
4173:
4140:
4027:
3987:
3749:
3741:
3382:
3277:
3168:
3132:
3002:
2908:
2652:
2590:
2268:
2248:
1588:
1146:
1138:
1067:
1055:
895:
627:
560:
149:
52:
5843:"List of temples related to Triệu dynasty and Nam Việt kingdom in modern Vietnam and China"
5584:
Hanshu Volume 95 The Southwest Peoples, Two Yues, and Chaoxian: Translation with Commentary
4775:
during the 1930s. Owing to the similarity to seals found at the tomb of the second king of
2502:
6537:
6517:
6502:
6183:
5824:
4906:
4861:
4344:
4154:
4015:
4007:
3932:
3745:
3560:
3366:
3354:. Although formally a Han subject state, Nanyue seems to have retained a large measure of
3231:
3140:
937:
874:
690:
86:
5689:
4829:, considered Nanyue to be the official starting point of their history. According to the
3785:
while travelling to perform imperial inspections, and promptly created the new county of
3503:) which allowed direct access to the Nanyue capital Panyu. Tang Meng thereupon drafted a
2472:
2432:
676:
3580:
Zhao Xing succeeded his father as king, and his mother became Queen Dowager. In 113 BC,
3361:
After the death of Liu Bang in 195 BC, the government was put in the hands of his wife,
855:
6417:
6158:
6020:
Liu Min, "Ultimate Conclusions on 'Kai Guan' – A View of Han-Nanyue Relations From the
5202:
4877:
4316:
4086:
3936:
3814:
3509:
3402:
3226:
After Ren's death, Zhao Tuo, sent orders to his troops in Hengpu Pass (north of modern
2942:
2923:
2702:
2412:
1981:
1490:
1407:
5217:
3251:
2308:
1019:
sought to have Nanyue formally included as part of the Han Empire. His prime minister
483:
371:
6496:
5505:
4970:
4947:
4937:
4918:
4838:
4023:
3790:
3079:
2674:
2628:
2492:
2452:
1280:
1247:
1107:
3967:
Because the Kingdom of Nanyue was established by Zhao Tuo, a Chinese general of the
1023:
objected vehemently and subsequently killed Zhao Xing, installing his elder brother
5536:
4959:
4845:
4242:
The first period of Nanyue's subordination to the Han dynasty began in 196 BC when
4011:
4003:
3786:
3706:
3492:
3219:
3192:
3148:
3120:
3087:
2799:
2789:
1855:
1831:
1818:
1805:
1749:
1730:
1720:
1708:
1646:
1360:
1350:
1327:
1103:
1075:
1012:
773:
634:
580:
156:
6056:
Tư Phố là tên quận trị đóng ở khu vực làng Ràng (Thiệu Dương, Thanh Hóa) hiện nay.
5979:
The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC
4168:
6376:
6069:
5809:
5318:
5298:
5293:
5273:
4791:. The goods were found buried alongside the tomb of the second king of Nam Viet.
3744:. Based on many temples of Lü Jia (Lữ Gia), his wives and soldiers scattering in
3218:, who would later face off over the founding of the next dynasty) and the entire
6484:
6462:
6405:
5878:
4929:
4720:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4388:
4348:
4146:
4095:
4066:
4051:
4039:
3972:
3968:
3867:
3698:
3697:). The fifth company was led by He Yi and was composed mainly of prisoners from
3649:
3639:
3585:
3575:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3468:
3326:
3263:
3199:
counties (among several others), and Zhao Tuo was made magistrate of Longchuan.
3164:
3152:
3111:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3071:
3031:
2986:
2121:
1946:
1762:
1633:
1477:
1467:
1457:
1435:
1422:
1256:
1047:
1024:
1008:
989:
811:
567:
469:
348:
324:
271:
247:
161:
145:
4002:
were referred to as "Emperor" within Nanyue's borders. The kingdom had its own
3907:
clans lived in what is now western and southern Guangxi, northern Vietnam, the
3760:
3584:
sent senior minister Anguo Shaoji to Nanyue summon Zhao Xing and his mother to
3458:
3295:
2101:
1027:
on the throne and forcing a confrontation with the Han dynasty. The next year,
4933:
4753:
4707:
Jade Openwork Disk with Dragon and Phoenix excavated from the tomb of Zhao Mo.
3710:
3705:
with soldiers from Yelang; they sailed directly down the Zangke River (modern
3702:
3259:
3207:
3203:
3103:
2204:
2152:
2142:
1514:
1303:
5881:, Vol. 95, Story of Xi Nan Yi Liang Yue Zhao Xian, wrote: "故甌駱將左黃同斬西于王,封爲下鄜侯"
5825:"Lễ hội chọi trâu xã Hải Lựu (16–17 tháng Giêng hằng năm) Phần I (tiep theo)"
4106:("Captain"), etc., essentially identical to the Chinese system. The army had
3062:虎符, or Tiger Tally, made of bronze with gold inlay, found in the tomb of the
17:
4768:
4741:
4737:
4712:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4368:
4300:
3920:
3892:
3877:
3855:
3737:
3654:
3601:
3571:
3407:
3239:
3136:
3067:
2990:
2163:
1051:
1016:
969:
957:
721:
435:
259:
185:
135:
6451:
5565:
3634:
3556:
1039:. The dynastic state lasted 93 years and had five generations of monarchs.
4165:), and many loanwords in Chinese have been identified by modern scholars.
4077:
3381:. Enraged, Empress Lü sent men to Zhao Tuo's hometown of Zhending (modern
5197:
4865:
4857:
4780:
4776:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4352:
4307:
and Kingdom of Nanyue (note: the south direction is oriented at the top).
4243:
4127:
4107:
3995:
3983:
3896:
3888:
3686:
3678:
3670:
3661:
In autumn of 111 BC, Emperor Wu sent an army of 100,000 men divided into
3374:
3322:
3316:
3227:
3215:
3211:
3020:
2208:
945:
913:
742:
648:
590:
223:
6070:
Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
3952:
3054:
6474:
6083:
4982:
4902:
4788:
4783:
Kingdom. There were artifacts that were found in which belonged to the
4772:
4745:
4689:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4376:
4115:
4082:
4019:
3999:
3928:
3916:
3881:
3873:
The Yue people were divided into numerous branches, tribes, and clans.
3842:
3806:
3729:
3666:
3589:
3500:
3484:
3439:
3433:
3196:
3160:
3124:
3116:
3107:
2779:
2730:
1657:
1508:
1502:
1043:
981:
961:
780:
235:
200:
111:
4809:
4050:. In what is considered a manifestation of Zhao Tuo's respect for the
3963:, said to have been dug by Zhao Tuo during his time as County Governor
3330:
Nanyue initially with utmost circumspection. In 196 BC, Liu Bang, now
5247:
5242:
5237:
4814:
4380:
4372:
4340:
4043:
3912:
3904:
3782:
3694:
3538:
3496:
3488:
3390:
3386:
3303:
3235:
3128:
3010:
2769:
2749:
1063:
977:
965:
903:
609:
170:
165:
6351:
Vol. 7, No. 2: 87-130, published by: University of California Press.
3693:, while the fourth company went directly to garrison Cangwu (modern
1062:. Nanyue rulers promoted a policy of "Harmonizing and Gathering the
1035:. By the year's end, the army had destroyed Nanyue and established
944:), was an ancient kingdom founded in 204 BC by the Chinese general
5178:
5163:
4969:) based on ancient Chinese texts, which recorded the movements of
4694:
4683:
4375:
was the largest state of the Yi people, comprising most of modern
4294:
4191:
4187:
4167:
4111:
4076:
3951:
3838:
3805:
3715:
3633:
3555:
3457:
3401:
3294:
3143:, and the fifth company garrisoned outside Tancheng (in southwest
3053:
2739:
973:
3442:
became king of Nanyue. In 135 BC, the king of neighboring Minyue
1106:, this became the mainstream view among Vietnamese historians in
6067:
Yoshikai Masato, "Ancient Nam Viet in historical descriptions",
5323:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
4890:
4757:
1050:
regions. The kingdom was founded by leaders originally from the
204:
6047:"Thạp đồng Đông Sơn của Huyện lệnh Long Xoang (Xuyên) Triệu Đà"
5917:
Yu Tianchi, Qin Shengmin, Lan Riyong, Liang Xuda, Qin Cailuan,
3206:
became the Second Emperor of Qin. The following year, soldiers
1007:
Nanyue and its rulers had an adversarial relationship with the
6198:
The origin of Sek: implications for Tai and Vietnamese history
3720:
Tomb of Prime Minister Lü Jia and General Nguyễn Danh Lang in
4925:, existing in the 1st millennium BCE in the Red River delta.
4719:
government. Crescent-shaped ponds, Chinese gardens and other
802:
788:
6381:(illustrated, reprint ed.). University of California Press.
4779:, this bronze seal is recognized as an official seal of the
3986:, and its head of state generally held the title of "king" (
3451:
directions, one from Yuzhang Commandery, and the other from
6513:
States and territories disestablished in the 2nd century BC
4172:
Bronze drum from Luobowan Tomb #1. Top-right closeup shows
4387:. Some believe the ancient Yi to have been related to the
3895:
region and areas south of the Gui River, both part of the
3035:
Volume 95: The Southwest Peoples, Two Yues, and Chaoxian.
823:
761:
747:
733:
6508:
States and territories established in the 3rd century BC
6211:
Kra-Dai and the Proto-History of South China and Vietnam
4874:
contains the diplomatic correspondence over the naming.
4799:
In Vietnam, the rulers of Nanyue are referred to as the
4764:
listed this site as a protected National Heritage Site.
4711:
The Nanyue Kingdom Palace Ruins, located in the city of
4284:
4283:
to unleash a devastating attack on Nanyue, as described
4069:
population and the use of Chinese weights and measures.
1081:
In Vietnam, the rulers of Nanyue are referred to as the
4699:
Jade Drinking Vessel unearthed from the tomb of Zhao Mo
3866:
The majority of Nanyue's residents consisted of mainly
5976:
Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999-03-13).
4010:, with the King or Emperor's successor designated as
1118:
while Zhao Tuo was established as a foreign invader.
709:
695:
681:
667:
653:
639:
58:
4973:-speaking peoples across the region of South China.
3821:
Nanyue originally comprised the Qin commanderies of
3491:, and then along the Zangke River (now known as the
3119:
region. The first company gathered at Yuhan (modern
1874:
1796:
1676:
1609:
1539:
1413:
5586:. Gutenberg Self Publishing Press. pp. 26–42.
4958:indirectly. He compared this to the example of the
3793:where he was travelling, meaning "Capturing Jia".
3759:(the captain of Tây Vu area of which the center is
1074:), and encouraged ethnic Han to immigrate from the
873:
868:
854:
840:
835:
817:
810:
796:
779:
772:
755:
741:
727:
720:
703:
689:
675:
661:
647:
633:
626:
621:
603:
589:
579:
559:
554:
545:
531:
431:
417:
408:
391:
381:
368:
358:
345:
335:
321:
309:
293:
281:
265:
253:
241:
229:
217:
199:
191:
176:
155:
141:
131:
39:
6249:Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society
5669:. University of California Press. pp. 23–27.
4299:An early Western-Han silk map found in Tomb 3 of
6242:"A Layer of Dongsonian Vocabulary in Vietnamese"
4856:(which the first emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty,
4723:architecture were discovered in the excavation.
4347:. The Minyue were defeated by the armies of the
860:
846:
64:
3389:in the east as subject kingdom. The kingdom of
6528:1st-millennium BC disestablishments in Vietnam
6319:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Quyển 2, Kỷ nhà Triệu
4803:, the Vietnamese pronunciation of the surname
4731:
4726:In 1983, the ancient tomb of the Nanyue King
3876:The Nanyue lived in north, east, and central
3772:
3771:. He was killed by his assistant Hoàng Đồng (
3542:
3394:
3345:
3339:
2960:
2057:
565:
44:
8:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5400:
5398:
5396:
4190:'. Bottom-right closeup shows a fishing
3082:conquered the six other Chinese kingdoms of
2979:A detailed history of Nanyue was written in
78:
6130:Chinese History in Geographical Perspective
6106:. Harvard Univ Asia Center. pp. 120–.
5704:The Open Empire: A History of China to 1600
4383:Provinces, as well as the southern part of
4181:
923:
6456:
5690:Records of the Grand Historian, section 97
5368:
5366:
5223:Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King
5038:Jade Drinking Cup for Collecting Sweet Dew
5026:Jade Openwork Disk with Dragon and Phoenix
4750:Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King
4157:. Some suggest that the descendants spoke
3262:, especially because of their mutual anti-
3202:Qin Shi Huang died in 210 BC, and his son
2967:
2953:
2075:
2064:
2050:
1880:
1875:
1797:
1682:
1677:
1610:
1545:
1540:
1414:
1125:
618:
120:
36:
6523:2nd-century BC disestablishments in China
5542:Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia
4905:, rather than in the region north of the
4833:, Zhao Tuo established the foundation of
4744:. It was later identified as the tomb of
3515:Zhao Mo fell ill and died around 122 BC.
3508:supply carts from Bafu Pass (near modern
3139:. The fourth company garrisoned near the
3029:). A similar record is also found in the
126:Location of Nanyue at its greatest extent
6553:3rd-century BC establishments in Vietnam
6273:. Booksmango. pp. 3–4, 22, 50, 54.
6034:Nanyue Guo Shiji Yantaohui Lunwen Xuanji
5948:Zhang & Huang, pp. 121–126, 133–134.
5349:. Cornell University Press. p. 27.
5014:Jade Drinking Vessel in Rhino Horn Shape
4702:
4408:
3709:). At the same time, Yu Shan, a king of
3462:Zhao Mo's jade sarcophagus with red silk
3238:region, where the Lian River enters the
3145:Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County
3025:
918:
6264:
6262:
6127:Jeff Kyong-McClain; Yongtao Du (2013).
5706:. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 125.
5260:
5050:Bronze Beaker Mounted with Jade Plaques
4992:
3681:) through the Hengpu Pass and down the
3673:) down the Huang River (now called the
3665:. The first company was led by General
2089:
2078:
1137:
407:
6573:Former countries in Vietnamese history
6548:3rd-century BC establishments in China
6179:
6168:
6088:Outlines of the History of the Chinese
4081:Bronze sword excavated from a tomb in
3230:, Guangdong), Yangshan Pass (northern
763:
711:
542:
6452:Chinese Text Project – Shiji《史記·南越列傳》
5405:Yang, Wanxiu; Zhong, Zhuo'an (1996).
4255:borders were always heavily guarded.
3626:Southern expansion of the Han dynasty
3110:tribes of the north and west and the
3070:), dated 2nd century BCE, during the
3050:Qin's campaign against the Yue tribes
2993:. It is mostly contained in section (
416:
412:
390:
383:• Second tribute to Han dynasty
380:
367:
357:
344:
334:
320:
316:
292:
288:
280:
264:
252:
240:
228:
216:
212:
198:
7:
5753:Nan Yue Kai Tuo Xian Qu --- Zhao Tuo
5086:Brozen Canister with lacquer drawing
4014:. The ruler's mother was designated
3321:After years of war with his rivals,
2689:Provisional Revolutionary Government
2300:
1042:The existence of Nanyue allowed the
6568:Former countries in Chinese history
6073:, Volume 2, ABC-CLIO, 2004, p. 934.
5726:Zhang and Huang, pp. 196-200; also
4795:Status in Vietnamese historiography
3919:. Populations were centered in the
3880:, as well as a small group in east
3608:When news of the situation reached
511:First Chinese domination of Vietnam
6330:Ngô, Thì Sĩ. "Ngoại Kỷ Quyển II".
5653:Nan Yue Kai Tuo Xian Qu – Zhao Tuo
5507:Vietnam: a global studies handbook
3752:, the war might last until 98 BC.
3669:and advanced from Guiyang (modern
3537:woman, like himself, who was from
25:
6228:Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies
5489:Zhang Rongfang, Huang Miaozhang,
4026:, and his concubines as "Madam" (
3399:) also submitted to Nanyue rule.
3344:, not to be confused with Lü Jia
3106:, he turned his attention to the
1116:removed from the national history
6543:2nd-century BC disestablishments
5170:
5155:
5150:Bronze mirror inlaid with silver
5143:
5131:
5119:
5103:
5091:
5079:
5067:
5055:
5043:
5031:
5019:
5007:
4995:
4225:
4216:
4048:Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
3939:method of hillside cultivation.
3044:Qin southward expansion (218 BC)
2936:
2633:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
2100:
1145:
1011:, which referred to Nanyue as a
515:
501:
476:
462:
103:
6298:. Booksmango. pp. 21, 97.
6209:Chamberlain, James R. (2016). "
6011:Zhang & Huang, pp. 189-191.
5908:Zhang & Huang, pp. 112–113.
4089:period or early Nanyue Kingdom.
3994:), though its first two rulers
3663:five companies to attack Nanyue
1089:) is derived and reversed from
824:
803:
789:
762:
748:
734:
6394:Records of the Grand Historian
6375:Taylor, Keith Weller. (1983).
6349:Journal of Vietnamese Studies,
6294:Schliesinger, Joachim (2018).
6269:Schliesinger, Joachim (2018).
6163:Australian National University
5982:. Cambridge University Press.
5966:Zhang & Huang, pp. 170–174
5957:Zhang & Huang, pp. 127–131
5939:Zhang & Huang, pp. 134–152
5930:Zhang & Huang, pp. 113–121
5811:Records of the Grand Historian
5800:Zhang & Huang, pp. 401–402
5765:Records of the Grand Historian
5740:Records of the Grand Historian
5608:Records of the Grand Historian
5568:Records of the Grand Historian
5545:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 932–934.
4819:
4271:to defend Nanyue from Minyue.
4250:, and received from him a Han
3159:), then navigated through the
3015:
2982:Records of the Grand Historian
2643:Provisional Central Government
2004:Science and technology history
984:. Zhao Tuo, then Commander of
908:
861:
710:
696:
682:
668:
654:
640:
566:
1:
6608:Tributaries of Imperial China
6090:(中國人史綱), vol. 2, pp. 880-881.
5890:Zhang & Huang, pp. 83–84.
5665:Taylor, Keith Weller (1991).
5631:Zhang & Huang, pp. 26–31.
5582:Amies, Alex; Ban, Gu (2020).
4246:met Lü Jia, an emissary from
4194:and several Bird-men figures.
3638:Map showing the expansion of
3620:War and the decline of Nanyue
3234:), Huang Stream Pass (modern
1374:
1333:
1309:
1286:
1262:
1203:
6049:. 2011-03-11. Archived from
5442:. 文物出版社. 2005. p. 225.
5379:. AuthorHouse. p. 107.
5319:"Site of Southern Yue State"
3373:and then Emperor Hui's sons
2760:Cát Tiên archaeological site
27:Ancient kingdom in East Asia
6215:Journal of the Siam Society
6100:Alexander Woodside (1971).
6002:Zhang & Huang, 320-321.
4860:, conquered). Qing emperor
4303:, depicting the Kingdom of
3563:and reproduction, from the
3406:The map found in Tomb 3 of
2693:(Republic of South Vietnam)
59:
6624:
6389:. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
5899:Zhang & Huang, p. 114.
5503:Shelton Woods, L. (2002).
5466:中国的本体、现象、分裂、外延、外扩、回想、前瞻、整合
4402:
4138:
3797:Geography and demographics
3623:
3569:
3522:
3431:
3314:
3047:
2423:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
1112:Vietnamese Communist Party
360:• Zhao Tuo accession
29:
6578:Former monarchies of Asia
6481:
6471:
6459:
6029:
4808:
4732:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4177:
4031:
3991:
3773:
3755:After the fall of Panyu,
3552:Zhao Xing and Zhao Jiande
3543:
3395:
3346:
3340:
3281:
3172:
3006:
1878:
1800:
1680:
1613:
1543:
1417:
1071:
948:, whose family (known in
941:
899:
885:
617:
599:
575:
550:
441:
427:
413:
404:
317:
305:
289:
277:
213:
119:
100:
95:
45:
6473:Dynasties in history of
6332:Đại Việt sử ký tiền biên
6240:Ferlus, Michael (2009).
6196:Chamberlain, J.R. 1998,
6135:Rowman & Littlefield
6036:南越国史迹研讨会论文选集, pp. 26-27.
5866:Viet Nam Social Sciences
5702:Hansen, Valerie (2000).
5469:. Lulu.com. p. 57.
5376:East Asia: A New History
5138:Bronze mortar and pestle
4301:Mawangdui Han tombs site
3849:Administrative Divisions
3765:First Chinese domination
3408:Mawangdui Han tombs site
2999:Ordered Annals of Nanyue
2356:Trung sisters' rebellion
980:and central to northern
928:'Southern Yue',
347:• First tribute to
5411:. 广东人民出版社. p. 24.
4680:Archaeological findings
4159:Austroasiatic languages
4085:that dates to the late
3763:) revolted against the
2850:Principality of Hà Tiên
1031:sent 100,000 troops to
32:Nanyue (disambiguation)
6533:200s BC establishments
6178:Cite journal requires
5493:, 2nd ed., pp. 418–422
5343:Wicks, Robert (2018).
4708:
4700:
4692:
4308:
4195:
4090:
3964:
3818:
3733:
3689:) and sailed down the
3643:
3567:
3463:
3411:
3307:
3075:
2731:Non-Vietnamese history
2483:4th Chinese domination
2386:3rd Chinese domination
2366:2nd Chinese domination
2346:1st Chinese domination
1085:. The name "Vietnam" (
933:
847:
395:Han conquest of Nanyue
327:"War of Pacification"
79:
65:
5667:Birth of Vietnam, The
5463:Xie, Xuanjun (2017).
5373:Walker, Hugh (2012).
5307:. pp. 3837–3863.
5282:. pp. 2967–2977.
4706:
4698:
4687:
4403:Further information:
4298:
4171:
4139:Further information:
4080:
3955:
3948:Administrative system
3809:
3719:
3642:in the 2nd century BC
3637:
3559:
3461:
3405:
3311:Nanyue under Zhao Tuo
3298:
3271:Proclamation (204 BC)
3151:(which connected the
3057:
3026:Naam4jyut6 Lit6 Zyun2
2679:(Republic of Vietnam)
2596:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
2584:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
2574:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
2564:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
1869:(mainland, 1912–1949)
337:• Establishment
181:Chinese folk religion
142:Common languages
6598:History of Hong Kong
6583:History of Guangdong
6378:The Birth of Vietnam
6030:'开棺' 定论 – 从文帝行玺看汉越关系
5641:Taylor (1983), p. 23
5511:. ABC-CLIO. p.
4962:based in Guangzhou.
4960:Southern Han dynasty
4893:as well as parts of
4883:Bolikhamsai Province
4736:) was discovered in
4688:View of the tomb of
4325:Emperor Gaozu of Han
4277:defeated the Xiongnu
4248:Emperor Gaozu of Han
4204:With the Western Han
3957:Well of the Yue King
2664:North–South division
2513:Later Lê Restoration
2219:Phùng Nguyên culture
819:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
30:For other uses, see
5126:Đông Sơn bronze jar
5098:Nanyue Sluice Model
4899:Quảng Bình Province
4887:Khammouane Province
3835:Western Han dynasty
3769:Western Han dynasty
3352:kingdom of Changsha
3127:) and attacked the
2889:Historical capitals
2810:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
2157:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
2136:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
842:Vietnamese alphabet
497:Western Han dynasty
370:• Conquest of
6588:History of Guangxi
5919:Gu Nan Yue Guo Shi
5110:Mausoleum of King
5062:Bronze wine vessel
4762:Chinese government
4709:
4701:
4693:
4363:With the Yi tribes
4309:
4196:
4091:
4063:Chinese characters
3965:
3819:
3734:
3644:
3568:
3464:
3444:launched an attack
3412:
3371:Emperor Hui of Han
3308:
3300:Statue of Zhao Tuo
3246:Conquest of Âu Lạc
3076:
2943:Vietnam portal
2560:French Cochinchina
2178:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
1884:
1694:Five Dynasties and
1686:
1621:Southern dynasties
1549:
1448:Chu–Han Contention
1440:(206 BCE – 220 CE)
1033:war against Nanyue
295:• 130–111 BC
267:• 112–111 BC
255:• 113–112 BC
243:• 122–113 BC
231:• 137–122 BC
219:• 204–137 BC
157:Ethnic groups
6593:History of Hainan
6491:
6490:
6482:Succeeded by
6217:, Vol. 104, 2016.
6144:978-0-7391-7230-8
6113:978-0-674-93721-5
5593:978-0-9833348-7-3
4967:Hồng Bàng dynasty
4915:Later Han Chinese
4677:
4676:
4462:Standard Mandarin
4437:Standard Mandarin
4393:Emperor Wu of Han
4367:The southwestern
4269:Emperor Wu of Han
4184:
3909:Leizhou Peninsula
3726:Hưng Yên Province
3582:Emperor Wu of Han
3453:Kuaiji Commandery
3448:Emperor Wu of Han
3290:Nam Việt Vũ Vương
2977:
2976:
2858:
2857:
2840:Sip Song Chau Tai
2721:
2720:
2694:
2680:
2634:
2610:
2609:
2602:Empire of Vietnam
2541:
2540:
2394:
2393:
2327:
2326:
2296:Hồng Bàng dynasty
2277:
2276:
2263:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
2253:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
2233:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
2223:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
2198:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
2188:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
2184:Quỳnh Văn culture
2074:
2073:
2031:Transport history
1957:Education history
1929:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1910:Republic of China
1892:People's Republic
1865:Republic of China
1844:
1843:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1673:
1672:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1537:
1536:
1370:Spring and Autumn
1233:Liao civilization
1029:Emperor Wu of Han
986:Nanhai Commandery
926:
889:
888:
831:
830:
729:Yale Romanization
628:Standard Mandarin
541:
540:
527:
526:
523:
522:
489:
488:
16:(Redirected from
6615:
6603:History of Macau
6460:Preceded by
6457:
6363:
6358:
6352:
6342:
6336:
6335:
6327:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6309:
6291:
6285:
6284:
6266:
6257:
6256:
6246:
6237:
6231:
6224:
6218:
6207:
6201:
6194:
6188:
6187:
6181:
6176:
6174:
6166:
6155:
6149:
6148:
6137:. pp. 67–.
6124:
6118:
6117:
6097:
6091:
6080:
6074:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6043:
6037:
6031:
6018:
6012:
6009:
6003:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5973:
5967:
5964:
5958:
5955:
5949:
5946:
5940:
5937:
5931:
5928:
5922:
5915:
5909:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5891:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5863:
5857:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5839:
5833:
5832:
5821:
5815:
5807:
5801:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5782:www.sxlib.org.cn
5774:
5768:
5762:
5756:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5699:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5662:
5656:
5649:
5643:
5638:
5632:
5629:
5623:
5617:
5611:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5579:
5573:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5533:
5527:
5526:
5510:
5500:
5494:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5434:
5423:
5422:
5402:
5391:
5390:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5265:
5233:Đông Sơn culture
5174:
5159:
5147:
5135:
5123:
5107:
5095:
5083:
5071:
5059:
5047:
5035:
5023:
5011:
4999:
4956:Hong River Delta
4923:Dong Son culture
4895:Nghệ An Province
4871:Đại Nam thực lục
4848:, from whom the
4821:
4812:
4785:Dong Son culture
4756:, 240 pieces of
4735:
4734:
4409:
4385:Sichuan Province
4321:Jiangxi Province
4313:Changsha Kingdom
4261:Changsha Kingdom
4229:
4220:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4141:Old Yue language
4033:
3993:
3915:, and southwest
3776:
3775:
3750:northern Vietnam
3742:northern Vietnam
3546:
3545:
3398:
3397:
3383:Zhengding County
3365:, who served as
3349:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3325:established the
3283:
3174:
3133:Nankang, Jiangxi
3027:
3017:
3016:Nányuè Liè Zhuàn
3008:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2736:
2735:
2692:
2678:
2653:State of Vietnam
2632:
2625:
2624:
2591:French Indochina
2556:
2555:
2493:Later Lê dynasty
2453:Later Lý dynasty
2443:Early Lê dynasty
2409:
2408:
2376:Early Lý dynasty
2342:
2341:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2259:Sa Huỳnh culture
2249:Dong Son culture
2229:Đồng Đậu culture
2117:
2116:
2104:
2094:
2076:
2066:
2059:
2052:
1994:Military history
1952:Economic history
1940:Related articles
1917:
1899:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1837:
1824:
1811:
1798:
1781:
1768:
1755:
1736:
1726:
1714:
1701:
1683:
1678:
1662:
1652:
1639:
1626:
1611:
1594:
1589:Sixteen Kingdoms
1572:
1562:
1546:
1541:
1530:
1496:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1462:(202 BCE – 9 CE)
1453:
1441:
1428:
1415:
1393:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1335:
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1318:
1314:
1311:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1149:
1139:History of China
1126:
1073:
1056:Chinese language
943:
927:
924:
920:
910:
901:
881:
864:
863:
850:
827:
826:
806:
805:
792:
791:
768:
767:
766:
751:
750:
737:
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716:
715:
714:
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671:
670:
657:
656:
643:
642:
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613:
571:
570:
543:
519:
518:
505:
504:
493:
492:
480:
479:
466:
465:
459:
458:
443:
442:
150:Baiyue languages
124:
107:
90:
82:
76:
68:
62:
56:
48:
47:
37:
21:
6623:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6613:
6612:
6563:Ancient Vietnam
6493:
6492:
6487:
6478:
6469:
6465:
6448:
6372:
6370:Further reading
6367:
6366:
6359:
6355:
6343:
6339:
6329:
6328:
6324:
6317:
6313:
6306:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6281:
6268:
6267:
6260:
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6234:
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6221:
6208:
6204:
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6191:
6177:
6167:
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6156:
6152:
6145:
6126:
6125:
6121:
6114:
6099:
6098:
6094:
6081:
6077:
6066:
6062:
6053:on 2015-09-25.
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5997:
5990:
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5974:
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5576:
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5534:
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5523:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5491:Nan Yue Guo Shi
5488:
5484:
5477:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5450:
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5039:
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5024:
5015:
5012:
5003:
5000:
4991:
4979:
4907:Red River delta
4852:descended) and
4797:
4754:Chinese bronzes
4682:
4407:
4401:
4365:
4345:Fujian Province
4338:
4293:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4222:
4221:
4206:
4201:
4155:Zhuang language
4143:
4137:
4124:
4075:
4016:empress dowager
4008:hereditary rule
3950:
3945:
3933:Red River Delta
3864:
3851:
3804:
3799:
3746:Red River Delta
3722:Ân Thi District
3632:
3624:Main articles:
3622:
3578:
3570:Main articles:
3565:tomb of Zhao Mo
3561:Lamellar armour
3554:
3527:
3521:
3436:
3430:
3369:over their son
3367:Empress Dowager
3319:
3313:
3306:Railway Station
3273:
3250:The kingdom of
3248:
3232:Yangshan County
3141:Jiuyi Mountains
3052:
3046:
3041:
2973:
2937:
2935:
2930:
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2868:
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2733:
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2722:
2691:
2677:
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2611:
2553:
2543:
2542:
2523:Tây Sơn dynasty
2406:
2396:
2395:
2339:
2329:
2328:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2174:Bắc Sơn culture
2114:
2092:
2085:
2070:
2041:
2040:
2036:Women's history
1942:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
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1377:
1372:
1364:
1354:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1294: 1046 BCE
1293:
1289:
1284:
1276:
1270: 1600 BCE
1269:
1265:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1239:
1238:
1211: 2000 BCE
1210:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1182:
1181:
1124:
879:
836:Vietnamese name
691:Tongyong Pinyin
663:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
607:
604:Literal meaning
536:
516:
502:
477:
463:
420:
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384:
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6480:
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6447:
6446:External links
6444:
6443:
6442:
6418:Zizhi Tongjian
6414:
6402:
6390:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6353:
6337:
6322:
6311:
6305:978-1641531825
6304:
6286:
6280:978-1641531832
6279:
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6219:
6202:
6189:
6180:|journal=
6159:Peter Bellwood
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5892:
5883:
5871:
5858:
5848:
5834:
5827:. 2010-02-03.
5816:
5813:, section 113.
5802:
5793:
5778:"丝绸之路多媒体系列资源库"
5769:
5767:, section 116.
5757:
5744:
5742:, section 114.
5732:
5719:
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5694:
5682:
5675:
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5644:
5633:
5624:
5612:
5610:, section 112.
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5335:
5310:
5301:·西南夷两粤朝鲜传(卷95)
5285:
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5213:Han–Nanyue War
5210:
5205:
5203:Panyu District
5200:
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5013:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4978:
4975:
4878:Peter Bellwood
4850:Nguyễn dynasty
4831:Đại Việt sử ký
4826:Đại Việt sử ký
4796:
4793:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4668:
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4662:
4659:
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4654:Triệu Kiến Đức
4651:
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4569:
4567:Ciuq Yinghcaez
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4400:
4397:
4364:
4361:
4337:
4334:
4317:Hunan Province
4292:
4289:
4234:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4136:
4133:
4123:
4120:
4087:Warring States
4074:
4071:
4018:, his wife as
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3937:slash-and-burn
3927:watersheds in
3863:
3860:
3850:
3847:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3630:Han–Nanyue War
3621:
3618:
3553:
3550:
3523:Main article:
3520:
3517:
3510:Hejiang County
3481:Shu Commandery
3479:imported from
3432:Main article:
3429:
3426:
3363:Empress Lü Zhi
3315:Main article:
3312:
3309:
3302:, in front of
3272:
3269:
3247:
3244:
3064:King of Nanyue
3048:Main article:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2964:
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2946:
2945:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:Indochina Wars
2921:
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2911:
2906:
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2896:
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2830:Jarai kingdoms
2826:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2815:
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2708:
2705:
2703:Subsidy period
2699:
2698:
2695:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2671:
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2667:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2649:
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2533:Nguyễn dynasty
2529:
2528:
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2515:
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2255:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2239:Gò Mun culture
2235:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2194:Đa Bút culture
2190:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2149:
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2146:
2138:
2137:
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2132:Sơn Vi culture
2128:
2127:
2125:
2115:
2110:
2109:
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2105:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2086:
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2028:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1967:Jewish history
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1905:
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1900:
1898:(1949–present)
1887:
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1491:Three Kingdoms
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1406:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1389:Warring States
1386:
1382: 476 BCE
1357:
1355:(1046–771 BCE)
1346:
1345:
1341: 256 BCE
1322:
1321:
1299:
1298:
1275:
1274:
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1167:Historiography
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1120:
1098:Đại Việt sử ký
1060:writing system
887:
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722:Yue: Cantonese
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673:
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622:Transcriptions
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419:• 111 BC
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282:Prime Minister
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171:Baiyue Peoples
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14:
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3:
2:
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6564:
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6559:
6558:Ancient China
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6373:
6369:
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6346:
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6301:
6297:
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6287:
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6263:
6259:
6254:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6233:
6229:
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6220:
6216:
6213:", p. 30. In
6212:
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6104:
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6093:
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6085:
6079:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6064:
6061:
6057:
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6048:
6042:
6039:
6035:
6027:
6023:
6017:
6014:
6008:
6005:
5999:
5996:
5991:
5989:9780521470308
5985:
5981:
5980:
5972:
5969:
5963:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5945:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5911:
5905:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5875:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5859:
5852:
5849:
5845:. 2014-01-28.
5844:
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5803:
5797:
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5758:
5754:
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5733:
5729:
5723:
5720:
5715:
5713:0-393-97374-3
5709:
5705:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5686:
5683:
5678:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5637:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5603:
5600:
5595:
5589:
5585:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5570:, section 113
5569:
5562:
5559:
5554:
5552:1-57607-770-5
5548:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5537:Ooi, Keat Gin
5532:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5514:
5509:
5508:
5499:
5496:
5492:
5486:
5483:
5478:
5476:9781365677250
5472:
5468:
5467:
5459:
5456:
5451:
5449:9787501017348
5445:
5441:
5440:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5418:9787218020853
5414:
5410:
5409:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5388:
5386:9781477265178
5382:
5378:
5377:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5358:
5356:9781501719479
5352:
5348:
5347:
5339:
5336:
5324:
5320:
5314:
5311:
5306:
5302:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5286:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5261:
5254:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:Triệu dynasty
5191:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5173:
5168:
5165:
5158:
5153:
5146:
5141:
5134:
5129:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5106:
5101:
5094:
5089:
5082:
5077:
5070:
5065:
5058:
5053:
5046:
5041:
5034:
5029:
5022:
5017:
5010:
5005:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4938:Austronesians
4935:
4931:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4879:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4842:
4840:
4839:North Vietnam
4836:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4801:Triệu dynasty
4794:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4729:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4705:
4697:
4691:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:ziu jing cai
4557:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4412:Personal Name
4410:
4406:
4405:Triệu dynasty
4398:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4291:With Changsha
4290:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4252:imperial seal
4249:
4245:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4175:
4170:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4122:Ethnic policy
4121:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4102:("Colonel"),
4101:
4097:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3982:Nanyue was a
3980:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3791:Huojia County
3788:
3784:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3611:
3606:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3549:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3393:and Tongshi (
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3337:
3333:
3332:Emperor Gaozu
3328:
3324:
3318:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3279:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3080:Qin Shi Huang
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2675:South Vietnam
2673:
2672:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2629:North Vietnam
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2580:French Tonkin
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2323:204 BC–111 BC
2322:
2320:
2319:Triệu dynasty
2317:
2316:
2313:257 BC–179 BC
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2269:Óc Eo culture
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Naval history
1997:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:Music history
1980:
1978:
1977:Media history
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Legal history
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1916:1949–present)
1912:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1731:Southern Song
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:Northern Song
1718:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1452:(206–202 BCE)
1450:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1427:(221–207 BCE)
1425:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1392:(475–221 BCE)
1390:
1387:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:(771–256 BCE)
1363:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1114:. Nanyue was
1113:
1109:
1108:North Vietnam
1105:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1083:Triệu dynasty
1079:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:Central Plain
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1004:, and Xiang.
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:Triệu dynasty
951:
947:
939:
935:
931:
921:
915:
911:
905:
897:
893:
884:
878:
876:
872:
867:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
843:
839:
834:
822:
820:
816:
813:
809:
801:
799:
795:
787:
785:
782:
778:
775:
771:
765:
760:
758:
754:
746:
744:
740:
732:
730:
726:
723:
719:
713:
708:
706:
702:
694:
692:
688:
680:
678:
674:
666:
664:
660:
652:
650:
646:
638:
636:
632:
629:
625:
620:
616:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
592:
588:
584:
582:
578:
574:
569:
564:
562:
558:
553:
549:
544:
534:
532:Today part of
530:
514:
512:
509:
508:
500:
498:
495:
494:
491:
485:
482:
475:
474:
471:
468:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
440:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
403:
399:
396:
386:
376:
373:
363:
353:
350:
340:
330:
326:
312:
308:
304:
301:
298:
284:
276:
273:
270:
261:
258:
249:
246:
237:
234:
225:
222:
208:
206:
202:
194:
190:
187:
182:
179:
175:
172:
167:
163:
160:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
123:
118:
113:
106:
99:
96:204 BC–111 BC
94:
88:
81:
74:
67:
61:
54:
38:
33:
19:
18:Nanyue Empire
6472:
6467:Thục dynasty
6416:
6404:
6392:
6377:
6356:
6348:
6340:
6331:
6325:
6314:
6295:
6289:
6270:
6252:
6248:
6235:
6227:
6222:
6214:
6205:
6192:
6171:cite journal
6153:
6129:
6122:
6102:
6095:
6087:
6078:
6068:
6063:
6054:
6051:the original
6041:
6033:
6021:
6016:
6007:
5998:
5978:
5971:
5962:
5953:
5944:
5935:
5926:
5921:, pp. 60–63.
5918:
5913:
5904:
5895:
5886:
5874:
5865:
5861:
5851:
5837:
5828:
5819:
5810:
5805:
5796:
5785:. Retrieved
5781:
5772:
5764:
5760:
5755:, pp. 76–77.
5752:
5751:Hu Shouwei,
5747:
5739:
5735:
5727:
5722:
5703:
5697:
5685:
5666:
5660:
5655:, pp. 35–36.
5652:
5651:Hu Shouwei,
5647:
5636:
5627:
5622:, section 18
5619:
5615:
5607:
5602:
5583:
5577:
5567:
5566:Sima Qian –
5561:
5541:
5531:
5506:
5498:
5490:
5485:
5465:
5458:
5439:南越国史迹研讨会论文选集
5438:
5407:
5375:
5345:
5338:
5326:. Retrieved
5322:
5313:
5297:
5288:
5272:
5263:
5228:Tây Vu Vương
4980:
4964:
4952:
4927:
4876:
4869:
4846:Nguyen lords
4843:
4830:
4824:
4818:
4798:
4787:of northern
4771:in northern
4766:
4758:Chinese jade
4727:
4725:
4710:
4667:Dương Vương
4640:ziu gin dak
4572:Triệu Anh Tề
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:Other Names
4418:Reigned From
4415:Reign Period
4366:
4357:
4339:
4319:and part of
4310:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4241:
4207:
4144:
4125:
4114:troops, and
4103:
4099:
4092:
4060:
4056:
4036:
4012:crown prince
4004:Calendar era
3981:
3976:
3966:
3956:
3902:
3886:
3875:
3872:
3865:
3852:
3820:
3811:Commanderies
3779:
3757:Tây Vu Vương
3754:
3735:
3707:Beipan River
3660:
3648:
3645:
3614:
3607:
3598:
3594:
3579:
3528:
3514:
3493:Beipan River
3477:medlar fruit
3473:
3465:
3437:
3413:
3360:
3355:
3320:
3299:
3289:
3274:
3249:
3225:
3220:Yellow River
3201:
3149:Lingqu Canal
3121:Yugan County
3077:
3059:
3030:
3024:
3014:
2998:
2994:
2980:
2978:
2800:Dali Kingdom
2790:Khmer Empire
2717:1986–present
2662:
2589:
2570:French Annam
2463:Trần dynasty
2433:Đinh dynasty
2350:111 BC–40 AD
2309:Thục dynasty
2243:1,000–800 BC
2203:
2162:
2141:
2120:
1972:LGBT history
1908:
1890:
1863:
1830:
1817:
1804:
1774:
1761:
1748:
1729:
1719:
1707:
1696:Ten Kingdoms
1692:
1645:
1632:
1619:Northern and
1617:
1587:
1565:
1555:
1523:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:(220–280 CE)
1489:
1476:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1434:
1421:
1361:Eastern Zhou
1359:
1351:Western Zhou
1349:
1326:
1302:
1279:
1255:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1196:
1186:
1104:World War II
1096:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1076:Yellow River
1041:
1013:vassal state
1006:
994:commanderies
917:
907:
891:
890:
825:*nˤm ʷat
774:Southern Min
635:Hanyu Pinyin
581:Hanyu Pinyin
555:Chinese name
452:Succeeded by
451:
446:
6485:Han dynasty
6479:204–111 BC
6463:Qin dynasty
6406:Book of Han
6230:. (4). p. 8
6082:See, e.g.,
5879:Book of Han
5692:《史記·酈生陸賈列傳》
5620:Huai Nan Zi
5606:Sima Qian,
5276:·南越列传(卷113)
5074:Bronze disk
4930:Hlai people
4670:112–111 BC
4661:joeng wong
4649:Ciuq Gendwz
4644:Zhào Jiàndé
4629:113–112 BC
4588:122–113 BC
4585:Minh Vương
4562:Zhào Yīngqí
4547:137–122 BC
4506:203–137 BC
4389:Hundred Yue
4349:Qin dynasty
4336:With Minyue
4151:Ancient Yue
4147:Old Chinese
4145:Other than
4067:Hundred Yue
4052:Hundred Yue
4040:Western Han
3973:Han dynasty
3969:Qin dynasty
3868:Yue peoples
3862:Ethnicities
3640:Han dynasty
3576:Zhao Jiande
3535:Han Chinese
3525:Zhao Yingqi
3519:Zhao Yingqi
3414:In 179 BC,
3327:Han dynasty
3165:Pearl River
3153:Xiang River
3112:Hundred Yue
3072:Western Han
3032:Book of Han
2987:Han dynasty
2894:Immigration
2874:Agriculture
2503:Mạc dynasty
2413:Ngô dynasty
2122:Paleolithic
2112:Prehistoric
2091:History of
2019:Discoveries
2014:Cartography
2009:Archaeology
1947:Art history
1836:(1644–1912)
1823:(1368–1644)
1810:(1271–1368)
1780:(1115–1234)
1767:(1038–1227)
1763:Western Xia
1735:(1127–1279)
1567:Eastern Jin
1557:Western Jin
1482:(25–220 CE)
1478:Eastern Han
1458:Western Han
1337: 1046
1317: 1046
1313: 1250
1290: 1600
1266: 2070
1207: 8500
1188:Paleolithic
1179:Prehistoric
1064:Hundred Yue
1048:Han Chinese
1025:Zhao Jiande
1009:Han dynasty
990:Qin dynasty
976:, southern
919:Naam4 Jyut6
869:Zhuang name
812:Old Chinese
749:Naam4 Jyut6
595:Naam4 Jyut6
470:Qin dynasty
447:Preceded by
349:Han dynasty
272:Zhao Jiande
248:Zhao Yingqi
146:Old Chinese
112:Emperor Wen
6497:Categories
6387:0520074173
5787:2024-09-11
5676:0520074173
5522:1576074161
5328:August 26,
5255:References
5208:Trọng Thủy
4934:Tai people
4664:Yáng Wáng
4613:Triệu Hưng
4608:Ciuq Hingh
4582:Míng Wáng
4579:ming wong
4544:Văn Vương
4467:Vietnamese
4447:Vietnamese
4327:enfeoffed
4281:Emperor Wu
4163:vice versa
4065:among the
3943:Government
3813:and known
3683:Zhen River
3675:Lian River
3610:Emperor Wu
3358:autonomy.
3286:Vietnamese
3260:suzerainty
3208:Chen Sheng
3204:Zhao Huhai
2989:historian
2473:Hồ dynasty
2273:(1–630 AD)
2153:Hoabinhian
2143:Mesolithic
2024:Inventions
1754:(916–1125)
1725:(960–1127)
1713:(960–1279)
1380: – c.
1378: 770
1339: – c.
1315: – c.
1304:Late Shang
1292: – c.
1268: – c.
1209: – c.
950:Vietnamese
930:Vietnamese
735:Nàahm Yuht
677:Wade–Giles
608:"Southern
409:Population
192:Government
73:Vietnamese
6255:: 95–108.
5572:《史記·南越列傳》
5114:(Zhao Mo)
5112:Triệu Mạt
5002:Gold seal
4943:Red River
4919:Cuoi-Toum
4769:Thanh Hoa
4742:Guangdong
4738:Guangzhou
4713:Guangzhou
4626:Ai Vương
4603:Zhào Xīng
4599:ziu hing
4541:Wén Wáng
4538:man wong
4531:Triệu Mạt
4503:Vũ Vương
4497:mou wong
4457:Cantonese
4432:Cantonese
4369:Yi people
4199:Diplomacy
4186:'120
3961:Longchuan
3893:Xun River
3878:Guangdong
3856:Guangdong
3817:of Nanyue
3738:Guangzhou
3602:Sima Qian
3572:Zhao Xing
3421:Chen Ping
3256:Red River
3240:Bei River
3189:Longchuan
3068:Guangzhou
2991:Sima Qian
2879:Dynasties
2854:1707–1832
2844:1600–1954
2834:1100–1904
2824:1061–1432
2820:Ngưu Hống
2814:1042–1052
2707:1975–1986
2697:1969–1976
2683:1955–1975
2669:1954–1976
2657:1949–1955
2647:1948–1949
2637:1945–1976
2537:1802–1945
2527:1778–1802
2517:1533–1789
2507:1527–1592
2497:1428–1527
2487:1407–1427
2477:1400–1407
2467:1225–1400
2457:1009–1225
2337:Dominated
2209:Iron Ages
2164:Neolithic
1700:(907–979)
1661:(690–705)
1651:(618–907)
1638:(581–618)
1625:(420–589)
1593:(304–439)
1571:(317–420)
1561:(266–316)
1529:(266–420)
1472:(9–23 CE)
1198:Neolithic
1162:Dynasties
1066:tribes" (
1017:Zhao Xing
970:Hong Kong
958:Guangdong
942:Namz Yied
880:Namz Yied
436:Ban Liang
423:1,302,805
260:Zhao Xing
186:Shamanism
177:Religion
80:Namz Yied
6421:, vols.
6399:vol. 113
5539:(2004).
5296:(1962).
5271:(1959).
5198:Zhao Tuo
5186:See also
5177:Game of
5162:Game of
4866:Gia Long
4864:refused
4858:Gia Long
4854:Đại Việt
4835:Đại Việt
4781:Nam Viet
4777:Nam Viet
4623:Āi Wáng
4620:oi wong
4526:Ciuq Huz
4517:ziu mut
4500:Wǔ Wáng
4490:Triệu Đà
4485:Ciuq Doz
4480:Zhào Tuó
4399:Monarchs
4353:Liu Bang
4305:Changsha
4244:Zhao Tuo
4135:Language
4128:Zhao Tuo
4108:infantry
4073:Military
3996:Zhao Tuo
3984:monarchy
3977:de facto
3897:Xi River
3815:counties
3691:Li River
3687:Yongzhou
3679:Nanchang
3671:Lianzhou
3586:Chang'an
3531:Chang'an
3505:memorial
3469:Chang'an
3416:Liu Heng
3379:Liu Hong
3375:Liu Gong
3356:de facto
3323:Liu Bang
3317:Zhao Tuo
3228:Nanxiong
3216:Liu Bang
3212:Xiang Yu
3157:Li River
3155:and the
3039:Founding
3021:Jyutping
2904:Monarchs
2899:Military
2867:By topic
2804:937–1253
2794:802–1431
2754:192–1832
2620:Republic
2551:Colonial
2447:980–1009
2404:Dynastic
2082:a series
2080:Part of
1987:Timeline
1914:(Taiwan,
1894:of China
1408:Imperial
1157:Timeline
1131:a series
1129:Part of
1092:Nam Việt
1087:Việt Nam
1037:Han rule
946:Zhao Tuo
934:Nam Việt
914:Jyutping
900:南越 or 南粵
848:Nam Việt
804:Lâm-ua̍t
790:Lâm-oa̍t
743:Jyutping
683:Nan-yüeh
649:Bopomofo
591:Jyutping
432:Currency
224:Zhao Tuo
195:Monarchy
110:Seal of
66:Nam Việt
6475:Lingnan
6411:vol. 95
6084:Bo Yang
6026:Chinese
4989:Gallery
4983:Zhao Mo
4977:Culture
4903:Vietnam
4862:Jiaqing
4805:Chinese
4789:Vietnam
4773:Vietnam
4746:Zhào Mò
4728:Wáng Mù
4717:Chinese
4690:Zhao Mo
4673:
4632:
4591:
4521:Zhào Mò
4509:
4476:ziu to
4377:Guizhou
4323:. When
4236:itself.
4188:catties
4174:Chinese
4116:cavalry
4083:Guangxi
4046:in the
4028:Chinese
4020:empress
4000:Zhao Mo
3988:Chinese
3929:Guangxi
3917:Guizhou
3882:Guangxi
3843:Vietnam
3802:Borders
3730:Vietnam
3711:Dong'ou
3667:Lu Bode
3590:Guiyang
3501:Guizhou
3485:Sichuan
3440:Zhao Mo
3434:Zhao Mo
3428:Zhao Mo
3334:, sent
3278:Chinese
3197:Jieyang
3169:Chinese
3161:Yangtze
3125:Jiangxi
3117:Lingnan
3108:Xiongnu
3003:Chinese
2997:) 113,
2884:Economy
2784:738–902
2780:Nanzhao
2774:550–781
2764:300–800
2713:Đổi Mới
2437:968–980
2427:965–968
2417:939–965
2390:602–938
2380:544–602
2303:–258 BC
2301:2879 BC
2287:Ancient
2093:Vietnam
1658:Wu Zhou
1248:Ancient
1227:Yangtze
1122:History
1068:Chinese
1044:Lingnan
988:of the
982:Vietnam
962:Guangxi
952:as the
896:Chinese
856:Chữ Hán
781:Hokkien
669:Nanyueh
655:ㄋㄢˊ ㄩㄝˋ
561:Chinese
537:Vietnam
393:•
323:•
310:History
236:Zhao Hu
201:Emperor
168:people)
162:Chinese
132:Capital
53:Chinese
6538:204 BC
6518:111 BC
6503:Nanyue
6385:
6302:
6277:
6141:
6110:
6032:), in
6028::
6022:Wen Di
5986:
5728:Shi Ji
5710:
5673:
5590:
5549:
5519:
5473:
5446:
5415:
5383:
5353:
5303:. 北京:
5278:. 北京:
5248:Baiyue
5243:Yelang
5238:Minyue
5218:Âu Lạc
4911:Vietic
4817::
4815:pinyin
4807::
4442:Zhuang
4381:Yunnan
4373:Yelang
4341:Minyue
4329:Wu Rui
4176::
4044:Wuzhou
4030::
3990::
3931:, the
3913:Hainan
3905:Luoyue
3829:, and
3827:Guilin
3823:Nanhai
3783:Shanxi
3761:Cổ Loa
3695:Wuzhou
3539:Handan
3497:Yunnan
3489:Yelang
3391:Yelang
3387:Minyue
3336:Lu Jia
3304:Heyuan
3280::
3252:Âu Lạc
3236:Yingde
3195:, and
3183:, and
3181:Guilin
3177:Nanhai
3171::
3129:Minyue
3102:, and
3078:After
3023::
3013::
3011:pinyin
3005::
2770:Chenla
2750:Champa
2744:68–627
2370:43–544
2205:Bronze
2084:on the
1856:Modern
1512:, and
1230:, and
1221:Yellow
1133:on the
1070::
1021:Lü Jia
1002:Guilin
998:Nanhai
978:Fujian
966:Hainan
938:Zhuang
916::
909:Nányuè
906::
904:pinyin
898::
892:Nanyue
875:Zhuang
798:Tâi-lô
697:Nányuè
641:Nányuè
585:Nányuè
546:Nanyue
484:Âu Lạc
400:111 BC
387:179 BC
377:179 BC
372:Âu Lạc
364:183 BC
354:196 BC
341:204 BC
331:218 BC
313:
300:Lü Jia
285:
209:
184:local
166:Huaxia
87:Zhuang
83:
69:
60:Nányuè
49:
41:Nanyue
6245:(PDF)
6165:: 96.
6024:Seal
5179:Liubo
5164:Liubo
4285:above
4192:heron
4112:naval
4024:queen
3889:Xi'ou
3839:Rinan
3831:Xiang
3787:Wenxi
3767:from
3655:Panyu
3653:from
3487:) to
3193:Boluo
3185:Xiang
3137:Panyu
2919:Women
2914:Naval
2909:Names
2740:Funan
2360:40–43
1281:Shang
974:Macau
535:China
136:Panyu
6383:ISBN
6300:ISBN
6275:ISBN
6184:help
6139:ISBN
6108:ISBN
5984:ISBN
5708:ISBN
5671:ISBN
5588:ISBN
5547:ISBN
5517:ISBN
5471:ISBN
5444:ISBN
5413:ISBN
5408:廣州簡史
5381:ISBN
5351:ISBN
5330:2019
5305:中华书局
5280:中华书局
4897:and
4891:Laos
4885:and
4820:Zhào
4637:趙建德
4555:趙嬰齊
4452:Name
4427:Name
4379:and
4311:The
4183:lit.
4100:Xiao
3998:and
3923:and
3903:The
3887:The
3701:and
3628:and
3574:and
3499:and
3377:and
3282:南越武王
3214:and
3163:and
3088:Zhao
3066:(at
3060:hufu
3007:南越列傳
2995:juan
2606:1945
2207:and
1832:Qing
1819:Ming
1806:Yuan
1750:Liao
1709:Song
1647:Tang
1328:Zhou
1319:BCE)
1072:和集百越
1058:and
925:lit.
205:King
6347:".
5730:130
5269:司马迁
4971:Tai
4948:Tai
4936:),
4932:(a
4901:in
4889:in
4721:Qin
4658:陽王
4617:哀王
4596:趙興
4576:明王
4550:趙胡
4535:文王
4514:趙眜
4494:武王
4473:趙佗
4178:百廿斤
4104:Wei
4096:Yue
4022:or
3959:in
3925:You
3921:Zuo
3777:).
3748:of
3699:Shu
3495:of
3292:).
3264:Han
3123:in
3100:Yan
3096:Chu
3092:Wei
3084:Han
2985:by
1776:Jin
1634:Sui
1525:Jin
1509:Shu
1503:Wei
1468:Xin
1436:Han
1423:Qin
1257:Xia
996:of
784:POJ
757:IPA
705:IPA
610:Yue
325:Qin
203:or
6499::
6439:20
6437:,
6435:18
6433:,
6431:17
6429:,
6427:13
6425:,
6423:12
6409:,
6397:,
6261:^
6251:.
6247:.
6175::
6173:}}
6169:{{
6133:.
6086:,
5780:.
5515:.
5513:38
5427:^
5395:^
5365:^
5321:.
5299:漢書
5294:班固
5274:史記
4813:;
4740:,
4733:王墓
4287:.
4180:;
4118:.
4110:,
4032:夫人
3911:,
3884:.
3825:,
3774:黄同
3728:,
3724:,
3703:Ba
3650:li
3396:通什
3347:呂嘉
3341:陸賈
3288::
3284:,
3191:,
3179:,
3173:西甌
3104:Qi
3098:,
3094:,
3090:,
3086:,
3058:A
3019:;
3009:;
1515:Wu
1506:,
1375:c.
1334:c.
1310:c.
1287:c.
1263:c.
1224:,
1204:c.
1000:,
972:,
968:,
964:,
960:,
940::
936:,
932::
922:;
912:;
902:;
862:南越
568:南越
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6441:.
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