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of clay. Heated, so that the wax melted away, copper was then poured into the mould. Once the copper was cooled, the clay core was removed and layers of bronze were poured into the hollow of the body. At one time the surface may have been covered with gold and silver leaf. The statue's decorations are an important source for the study of
Elamite textiles and clothing. The head and the left arm of the statue are missing.
148:
The statue was originally created with a series of processes that enabled the casting of its core and creation of its surface. The copper shell was created first by building a core of clay and bricks, which was then covered in wax, into which designs were made, followed by encasement in another layer
108:
was dedicated by Napir-Asu's husband Untash-Napirisha to his father-in-law
Burnaburiash. There is a letter that has survived which describes Untash-Napirisha marrying a daughter of a Burna-Buraish. However there is some debate as to whether the Burna-Burnish in the letter is in fact the king, or a
112:
Nevertheless it does appear that Napir-Asu was the first
Elamite royal woman to be depicted on a limestone stele with her husband. She appears to also be the first Elamite queen whose name is inscribed on her body in statue form. The stele depicts Napir-Asu, Untash-Napirisha and his mother, the
137:
discovered a 130cm high statue, made of a bronze core, covered by a layer of copper, with cast and chased decoration, weighing 1750 kg. It was found in the upper rooms of the temple of
164:
I, Napir-Asu, wife of Untash-Napirisha. He who would seize my statue, who would smash it, who would destroy its inscription, who would erase my name, may he be smitten by the curse of
176:, that his name shall become extinct, that his offspring be barren, that the forces of Beltiya, the great goddess, shall sweep down on him. This is Napir-Asu's offering.
46:
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In the dedication, the part of the text mentioning the
Babylonian king is damaged. In François Vallat's opinion, shared by Daniel T. Potts,
113:
priestess Utik. Historians
Esfandyar Rahmati Kia and Kolsoum Ghazanfari have argued that Napir-Asu held some power in her own right.
795:
141:
in Susa. It is also the largest example of
Elamite bronze sculpture known. Since the statue was placed in the temple, curator
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659:
156:. There is a ring on the queen's left hand, which is probably her wedding ring. On the skirt of this statue and in the
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185:
121:
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248:
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It is likely that Napir-Asu corresponds to the daughter of the
Babylonian Burnaburiash (perhaps the king
152:
On the fringed skirt of this statue, the names of the queen and the great gods of Susa are engraved in
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collections. In 1993 the statue, alongside other works from the Louvre, was loaned to the
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221:
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490:
336:
105:
479:
Potts, D.; Harkness, Ethan; Neelis, Jason; McIntosh, Roderick, eds. (2021-09-20).
352:
Elamite
Monumentality and Architectural Scale - Lessons from Suda and Choga Zanbil
532:
The
Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State
401:"The Berlin Letter, Middle Elamite Chronology and Sutruk-Nahhunte I's Genealogy"
173:
729:
Copper Alloys: Early
Applications and Current Performance - Enhancing Processes
780:
465:
440:"The Political Position of Women in the Middle Elamite Period (1500-1100 B.C"
439:
424:
169:
165:
138:
416:
456:
292:
400:
17:
372:Álvarez-Mon, Javier; Basello, Gian Pietro; Wicks, Yasmina (2018-01-29).
216:; according to other historians, the damaged text should be restored as
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has argued that the statue represented the queen in "perpetual prayer".
88:
is one of the finest examples of bronze metal-working to be discovered.
181:
660:"Copper Topics #74 - 3,000 Year-Old Copper/Bronze Statue On Display"
250:
The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre
328:
188:
for exhibition. It is recognised as a masterpiece of Elamite art.
120:
613:
Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective, Volume I
308:
276:"Filiacion y acceso al trono en Elam (2ª Mitad II milenio a.c.)"
85:
77:
754:
212:; E. Reiner prefers a geographical interpretation, proposing
556:
Budin, Stephanie Lynn; Turfa, Jean Macintosh (2016-08-12).
438:
Rahmati Kia, Esfandyar; Ghazanfari, Kolsoum (2021-02-19).
712:
Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art
586:
A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East
559:
Women in Antiquity: Real Women across the Ancient World
482:
The Encyclopedia of Ancient History: Asia and Africa
61:
53:
32:
535:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 210, 218.
280:Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
529:Potts, Daniel T.; Alcock, Susan (1999-07-29).
8:
309:"Elamites and Kassites in the Persian Gulf"
135:Délégation scientifique française en Perse,
84:. A statue of her by the bronzeworkers of
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29:
455:
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125:Statue of Napir-Asu (Louvre Museum, 1905)
236:
197:
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522:
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7:
367:
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363:
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242:
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753:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
755:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
104:. A statue of the god Immiriya in
25:
160:of the queen, a curse is written:
491:10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00250
80:queen, who was the wife of King
715:. John W. Parker and Son. 1905.
610:Kleiner, Fred S. (2020-01-01).
313:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
274:Quintana, Enrique (2010–2011).
689:. Cambridge University Press.
253:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
76:(fl. 14th century BCE) was an
1:
686:The Cambridge History of Iran
726:Collini, Luca (2012-03-07).
583:Potts, D. T. (2012-08-15).
321:University of Chicago Press
307:Potts, D. T. (April 2006).
822:
186:Metropolitan Museum of Art
180:The statue is held in the
781:Statue of Queen Napir-Asu
732:. BoD – Books on Demand.
589:. John Wiley & Sons.
399:GOLDBERG, Jeremy (2004).
350:Potts, Daniel T. (2014).
247:Louvre, Musée du (1992).
133:, working as part of the
44:
37:
683:Gershevitch, I. (1985).
220:, actually referring to
444:Journal of Iran History
796:Ancient queens consort
417:10.2143/IA.39.0.503891
178:
129:In 1903 archaeologist
126:
806:14th-century BC women
485:(1 ed.). Wiley.
457:10.52547/irhj.13.2.85
293:10.3917/assy.104.0045
162:
124:
616:. Cengage Learning.
109:later descendant.
208:should be read as
127:
759:iranicaonline.org
739:978-953-51-0160-4
696:978-0-521-20091-2
623:978-0-357-37048-3
596:978-1-4443-6077-6
569:978-1-317-21990-3
542:978-0-521-56496-0
500:978-1-119-39991-9
385:978-1-317-32983-1
375:The Elamite World
260:978-0-87099-651-1
154:Elamite cuneiform
131:Jacques de Morgan
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16:(Redirected from
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66:Untash-Napirisha
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100:) married by
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57:circa 1300 BC
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39:Queen of Elam
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27:Elamite queen
19:
762:. Retrieved
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174:Inshushinak
790:Categories
764:2022-05-23
669:2022-05-23
646:2022-05-23
232:References
210:-bur-ia-áš
509:244593546
466:2588-6916
425:1783-1482
411:: 33–42.
337:162371671
286:: 45–63.
172:, and of
170:Kiririsha
166:Napirisha
139:Ninhursag
92:Biography
74:Napir-Asu
33:Napir-Asu
18:Napir Asu
158:language
323:: 115.
218:i-ia-áš
214:i-ia-áš
206:i-ia-áš
78:Elamite
736:
693:
642:, 1345
639:statue
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423:
382:
335:
257:
182:Louvre
117:Statue
62:Spouse
505:S2CID
333:S2CID
319:(2).
192:Notes
168:, of
54:Reign
734:ISBN
691:ISBN
618:ISBN
591:ISBN
564:ISBN
537:ISBN
495:ISBN
462:ISSN
421:ISSN
380:ISBN
255:ISBN
86:Susa
487:doi
452:doi
413:doi
325:doi
288:doi
284:104
792::
757:.
662:.
517:^
503:.
493:.
460:.
448:13
442:.
419:.
409:39
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360:^
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317:65
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311:.
282:.
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239:^
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
